| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 6. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 7. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Davies, Stuart J., et al.
(författare)
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ForestGEO: Understanding forest diversity and dynamics through a global observatory network
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ForestGEO is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types. ForestGEO's mission is to advance understanding of the diversity and dynamics of forests and to strengthen global capacity for forest science research. ForestGEO is unique among forest plot networks in its large-scale plot dimensions, censusing of all stems ≥1 cm in diameter, inclusion of tropical, temperate and boreal forests, and investigation of additional biotic (e.g., arthropods) and abiotic (e.g., soils) drivers, which together provide a holistic view of forest functioning. The 71 FDPs in 27 countries include approximately 7.33 million living trees and about 12,000 species, representing 20% of the world's known tree diversity. With >1300 published papers, ForestGEO researchers have made significant contributions in two fundamental areas: species coexistence and diversity, and ecosystem functioning. Specifically, defining the major biotic and abiotic controls on the distribution and coexistence of species and functional types and on variation in species' demography has led to improved understanding of how the multiple dimensions of forest diversity are structured across space and time and how this diversity relates to the processes controlling the role of forests in the Earth system. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps remain that impede our ability to predict how forest diversity and function will respond to climate change and other stressors. Meeting these global research challenges requires major advances in standardizing taxonomy of tropical species, resolving the main drivers of forest dynamics, and integrating plot-based ground and remote sensing observations to scale up estimates of forest diversity and function, coupled with improved predictive models. However, they cannot be met without greater financial commitment to sustain the long-term research of ForestGEO and other forest plot networks, greatly expanded scientific capacity across the world's forested nations, and increased collaboration and integration among research networks and disciplines addressing forest science.
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| 9. |
- Tian, Jiahan, et al.
(författare)
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Wide-field-of-view auto-coupling optical antenna system for high-speed bidirectional optical wireless communications in C band
- 2023
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1094-4087. ; 31:20, s. 33435-33448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to a great many superior features of infrared light communication (ILC), like high capacity and strong privacy, ILC is considered a potential candidate for serving the high demands of beyond fifth-generation/sixth-generation (B5G/6 G) communication systems. However, the terminal's limited field-of-view (FOV) induces great difficulty in establishing line-of-sight (LoS) link between the transceiver and the terminal. In this paper, we propose a wide-FOV auto-coupling optical antenna system that utilizes a wide-FOV telecentric lens to collect incident infrared beams and automatically couple them into a specific single-mode-fiber (SMF) channel of fiber array and optical switch. The performance of this optical antenna system is assessed through simulation and manual alignment operation, and validated by automatic alignment results. A coupling loss of less than 10.6 dB within a FOV of 100(degrees )for both downstream and upstream beams in C band is demonstrated by the designed system. Furthermore, we establish a bidirectional optical wireless communications (OWC) system employing this antenna and a fiber-type modulating retro-reflector (MRR) system in the terminal. Both 10-Gbps on-off keying (OOK) downstream and upstream transmissions are successfully realized with the FOV of up to 100(degrees) in C band where the measured bit-error-rate (BER) is lower than 3.8 x 10-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is a brand-new auto-coupling optical antenna system with the largest FOV in ILC automatic alignment works in terminals that have ever been reported.
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| 10. |
- Tian, Jiahan, et al.
(författare)
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Wide-Field-of-View Modulating Retro-Reflector System Based on a Telecentric Lens for High-Speed Free-Space Optical Communication
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1943-0655. ; 15:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modulating retro-reflector (MRR) free-space optical (FSO) communication technology presents a bright future for realizing the small size, weight, and power (SWaP) design of one end of the optical link, facilitating the further application of the FSO communication to the small platforms. However, the limited field-of-view (FOV) of MRR impedes its wide employment. In this article, a novel wide-FOV MRR using an image space telecentric lens is proposed and a bidirectional FSO communication system is experimentally demonstrated using this MRR with a single light source. The performance of the telecentric lens between the transceiver and terminal is assessed by simulation and also validated by experimental results, with a coupling loss less than 9.1 dB within a FOV of 110 degrees. Both 10-Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) downstream and upstream signals for free space communication at different incident angles are successfully realized using this designed wide-FOV MRR. The experimental results validate the proposed MRR has a FOV of up to 110 degrees where the measured bit error rate (BER) is lower than 3.8 x 10-3 for both downstream and upstream signals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest FOV ever reported for MRRs in high-speed bidirectional FSO communication systems.
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| 11. |
- Xie, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Key molecular alterations in endothelial cells in human glioblastoma uncovered through single-cell RNA sequencing
- 2021
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Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society For Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 6:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passage of systemically delivered pharmacological agents into the brain is largely blocked by the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), an organotypic specialization of brain endothelial cells (ECs). Tumor vessels in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor in humans, are abnormally permeable, but this phenotype is heterogeneous and may differ between the tumor's center and invasive front. Here, through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of freshly isolated ECs from human glioblastoma and paired tumor peripheral tissues, we have constructed a molecular atlas of human brain ECs providing unprecedented molecular insight into the heterogeneity of the human BBB and its molecular alteration in glioblastoma. We identified 5 distinct EC phenotypes representing different states of EC activation and BBB impairment, and associated with different anatomical locations within and around the tumor. This unique data resource provides key information for designing rational therapeutic regimens and optimizing drug delivery.
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| 12. |
- Ade, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The Simons Observatory : science goals and forecasts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.
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| 13. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87: I. Observations, calibration, imaging, and analysis*
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3-3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30 relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5× 109M. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet.
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| 14. |
- Arai, Sally, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic transplantation : a report from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 21:2, s. 266-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although transplant practices have changed over the last decades, no information is available on trends in incidence and outcome of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) over time. This study used the central database of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) to describe time trends for cGVHD incidence, nonrelapse mortality, and risk factors for cGVHD. The 12-year period was divided into 3 intervals, 1995 to 1999, 2000 to 2003, and 2004 to 2007, and included 26,563 patients with acute leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome. Multivariate analysis showed an increased incidence of cGVHD in more recent years (odds ratio = 1.19, P < .0001), and this trend was still seen when adjusting for donor type, graft type, or conditioning intensity. In patients with cGVHD, nonrelapse mortality has decreased over time, but at 5 years there were no significant differences among different time periods. Risk factors for cGVHD were in line with previous studies. This is the first comprehensive characterization of the trends in cGVHD incidence and underscores the mounting need for addressing this major late complication of transplantation in future research.
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| 15. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 16. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 17. |
- Cai, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Size-segregated particle number and mass concentrations from different emission sources in urban Beijing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 20:21, s. 12721-12740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although secondary particulate matter is reported to be the main contributor of PM2.5 during haze in Chinese megacities, primary particle emissions also affect particle concentrations. In order to improve estimates of the contribution of primary sources to the particle number and mass concentrations, we performed source apportionment analyses using both chemical fingerprints and particle size distributions measured at the same site in urban Beijing from April to July 2018. Both methods resolved factors related to primary emissions, including vehicular emissions and cooking emissions, which together make up 76% and 24% of total particle number and organic aerosol (OA) mass, respectively. Similar source types, including particles related to vehicular emissions (1.6 +/- 1.1 mu gm(-3); 2.4 +/- 1.8 x 10(3) cm(-3) and 5.5 +/- 2.8 x 10(3) cm(-3) for two traffic-related components), cooking emissions (2.6 +/- 1.9 mu gm(-3) and 5.5 +/- 3.3 x 10(3) cm(-3)) and secondary aerosols (51 +/- 41 mu gm(-3) and 4.2 +/- 3.0 x 10(3) cm(-3)), were resolved by both methods. Converted mass concentrations from particle size distributions components were comparable with those from chemical fingerprints. Size distribution source apportionment separated vehicular emissions into a component with a mode diameter of 20 nm (traffic-ultrafine) and a component with a mode diameter of 100 nm (traffic-fine). Consistent with similar day- and nighttime diesel vehicle PM2.5 emissions estimated for the Beijing area, traffic-fine particles, hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, traffic-related factor resulting from source apportionment using chemical fingerprints) and black carbon (BC) showed similar diurnal patterns, with higher concentrations during the night and morning than during the afternoon when the boundary layer is higher. Traffic-ultrafine particles showed the highest concentrations during the rush-hour period, suggesting a prominent role of local gasoline vehicle emissions. In the absence of new particle formation, our re-sults show that vehicular-related emissions (14% and 30% for ultrafine and fine particles, respectively) and cooking-activity-related emissions (32 %) dominate the particle number concentration, while secondary particulate matter (over 80 %) governs PM2.5 mass during the non-heating season in Beijing.
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| 18. |
- Chen, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenome-wide gene-age interaction analysis reveals reversed effects of PRODH DNA methylation on survival between young and elderly early-stage NSCLC patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 12:11, s. 10642-10662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA methylation changes during aging, but it remains unclear whether the effect of DNA methylation on lung cancer survival varies with age. Such an effect could decrease prediction accuracy and treatment efficacy. We performed a methylation-age interaction analysis using 1,230 early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients from five cohorts. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients for methylation-age interactions, which were further confirmed in a validation phase. We identified one adenocarcinoma-specific CpG probe, cg14326354PRODH, with effects significantly modified by age (HRinteraction = 0.989; 95% CI: 0.986-0.994; P = 9.18×10-7). The effect of low methylation was reversed for young and elderly patients categorized by the boundary of 95% CI standard (HRyoung = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.26-4.72; P = 8.34×10-3; HRelderly = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.82; P = 1.67×10-3). Moreover, there was an antagonistic interaction between low cg14326354PRODH methylation and elderly age (HRinteraction = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.11-0.40; P = 2.20×10-6). In summary, low methylation of cg14326354PRODH might benefit survival of elderly lung adenocarcinoma patients, providing new insight to age-specific prediction and potential drug targeting.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Chen, Ruilin, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental demonstration of real-time optical DFT-S DMT signal transmission for a blue-LED-based UWOC system using spatial diversity reception
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 62:3, s. 541-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has broad prospects in underwater real-time applications. We design and experimentally demonstrate a real-time discrete Fourier transform spread discrete multi-tone (DFT-S DMT) signal transmission based on a field programmable gate array for a blue-LED-based UWOC system with a data rate of up to 30 Mbps over a 15-m underwater channel. The architecture and usage of an on-chip resource as well as power consumption are analyzed and discussed. To reduce the impacts of multipath fading and received intensity fluctuation, spatial diversity reception is also introduced. Furthermore, the receiver sensitivity at a speci-fied bit error rate (BER) threshold and the quality of the images are evaluated using three types of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. At the BER threshold of 10-4, over 2.8-dB receiver sensitivity improvement is obtained by the DFT-S DMT scheme with the RS (64, 56) code as compared to the uncoded one at the data rate of 30 Mbps. The perform-ance of BER, color difference, and structural similarity in the image transmission of DFT-S DMT is superior to that of the conventional hard clipping quadrature amplitude modulation DMT in a high-data-rate region because of the low peak-to-average-power ratio and ability to mitigate high-frequency fading in a band-limited UWOC system. With schemes of the RS code, DFT-S, and diversity reception, error-free transmission of images is achieved over a 15-m water channel. The proposed UWOC system has the advantages of low power consumption and porta-bility, which foresees a bright future in underwater applications over short to moderate distances.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Chen, Rui-Pin, et al.
(författare)
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Vectorial effect of hybrid polarization states on the collapse dynamics of a structured optical field
- 2016
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 1094-4087. ; 24:24, s. 28143-28153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The collapse dynamics of a structured optical field with a distribution of spatially-variant states of polarization (SoP) and a spiral phase in the field cross section is studied using the two-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations. The self-focusing of a structured optical field with an inhomogeneous SoP distribution can give rise to new phenomena of collapse dynamics that is completely different from a scalar field. The collapse patterns are closely related to the topological charges of the vortexas well as the polarization, the initial power, and the SoP distribution in the field cross section. A single on-axis collapse or multiple off-axis partial collapses may occur due to the self-focusing effects of linearly, elliptically and circularly polarized components located at different positions of the field cross-section. The polarization in the core of the collapsing beam is always linearly polarized. The structured collapsing beams, which are driven by the vortex, propagate along a spiral trajectory in a saturated medium.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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| 26. |
- De La Fuente, Alerie Guzman, et al.
(författare)
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Pericytes Stimulate Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Differentiation during CNS Remyelination
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 20:8, s. 1755-1764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of the neurovascular niche in CNS myelin regeneration is incompletely understood. Here, we show that, upon demyelination, CNS-resident pericytes (PCs) proliferate, and parenchymal non-vessel-associated PC-like cells (PLCs) rapidly develop. During remyelination, mature oligodendrocytes were found in close proximity to PCs. In Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice, which have reduced PC numbers, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation was delayed, although remyelination proceeded to completion. PC-conditioned medium accelerated and enhanced OPC differentiation in vitro and increased the rate of remyelination in an ex vivo cerebellar slice model of demyelination. We identified Lama2 as a PC-derived factor that promotes OPC differentiation. Thus, the functional role of PCs is not restricted to vascular homeostasis but includes the modulation of adult CNS progenitor cells involved in regeneration.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Dong, Xuesi, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-omics biomarker model improves prognostic prediction accuracy for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 11:16, s. 6312-6335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limited studies have focused on developing prognostic models with trans-omics biomarkers for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We performed integrative analysis of clinical information, DNA methylation, and gene expression data using 825 early-stage LUAD patients from 5 cohorts. Ranger algorithm was used to screen prognosis-associated biomarkers, which were confirmed with a validation phase. Clinical and biomarker information was fused using an iCluster plus algorithm, which significantly distinguished patients into high- and low-mortality risk groups (Pdiscovery = 0.01 and Pvalidation = 2.71×10-3). Further, potential functional DNA methylation-gene expression-overall survival pathways were evaluated by causal mediation analysis. The effect of DNA methylation level on LUAD survival was significantly mediated through gene expression level. By adding DNA methylation and gene expression biomarkers to a model of only clinical data, the AUCs of the trans-omics model improved by 18.3% (to 87.2%) and 16.4% (to 85.3%) in discovery and validation phases, respectively. Further, concordance index of the nomogram was 0.81 and 0.77 in discovery and validation phases, respectively. Based on systematic review of published literatures, our model was superior to all existing models for early-stage LUAD. In summary, our trans-omics model may help physicians accurately identify patients with high mortality risk.
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| 29. |
- Dong, Yongjiang, et al.
(författare)
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LED-induced fluorescence system for tea classification and quality assessment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774. ; 137, s. 95-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fluorescence system was developed by using several light emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths as excitation light sources. The fluorescence sensor head consists of multi LED light sources and a multimode fiber for fluorescence collection, where the LEDs and the corresponding filters can be easily chosen to get appropriate excitation wavelengths for different applications. By analyzing fluorescence spectra with the principal component analysis method, the system was utilized in the classification of four types of green tea and two types of black tea beverages. Quality of Xihu Longjing tea leaves of different grades and that of the corresponding liquid tea samples were studied to further investigate the ability and application of the system in the evaluation of classification/quality of tea and other foods. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Du, Ji, et al.
(författare)
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A Comprehensive Performance Comparison of DFT-S DMT and QAM-DMT in UOWC System in Different Water Environments
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1943-0655. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a 450-nm laser underwater optical wireless transmission system, in which a comprehensive investigation is made to show the significant performance improvement of the discrete Fourier transform spread discrete multi-tone (DFT-S DMT) as compared to the conventional quadrature amplitude modulation discrete multi-tone (QAM-DMT) modulation. DFT-S DMT outperforms QAM-DMT in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance due to low peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) and capability of counteracting high frequency fading in a band-limited underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system. In order to avoid signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) degradation at fringe subcarriers, several zeros are padded at the edge of each block before DFT-S operation. The experimental results show the superiority of DFT-S DMT compared with QAM-DMT in different water environments, including turbidities, bubbles, and water flow. Data rates of similar to 16.16 Gbps and similar to 13.96 Gbps at a BER of 3.8 x 10(-3) are achieved by 16-QAM DFT-S DMT and 16-QAM-DMT over a 5-m water channel, respectively, which indicates that capacity enhancement of similar to 2.2 Gbps is obtained by the DFT-S DMT. Meanwhile, over 3-dB receiver sensitivity improvement can always be achieved by the DFT-S DMT at the tested underwater transmission distances. Combined with adaptive bit-power loading, 20.04 Gbps over a 5-m "clear ocean" channel transmission with a single laser diode (LD) is demonstrated. For a 35-m water link, the distance-data rate product reaches 498.4 Gbps*m. To the best of our knowledge, both the data rate and distance-data rate product are the largest among all the results reported for a single visible LD. Aimed at high-speed deep ocean applications, the studies are promising for future UOWC research.
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| 31. |
- Du, Ji, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental demonstration of 50-m/5-Gbps underwater optical wireless communication with low-complexity chaotic encryption
- 2021
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 1094-4087. ; 29:2, s. 783-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a low-complexity two-level chaotic encryption scheme is introduced and experimentally demonstrated to improve the physical layer security of a 450-nm laser underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system using discrete Fourier transform spread discrete multi-tone (DFT-S DMT) modulation. In the first encryption stage, the original bit stream is encrypted with a chaotic sequence based on a one-dimensional Logistic map. In the second encryption stage, the real and imaginary components of the DFT-S symbols are further encrypted with a pair of separate chaotic sequences, which are generated from a two-dimensional Logistic iterative chaotic map with infinite collapse (2D-LICM). The experimental results indicate that the encryption operation has no negative effect on the performance of the proposed UOWC system. For chaotic encryption, the DFT-S DMT gives a better performance than the DMT scheme under different water turbidities. 55-m/4.5-Gbps and 50-m/5-Gbps underwater transmissions are successfully demonstrated by the chaotic encrypted DFT-S DMT scheme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to verify the feasibility of chaotic encryption in a high-speed UOWC system.
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| 32. |
- Fairfield, Heather, et al.
(författare)
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Mutation discovery in mice by whole exome sequencing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 12:9, s. R86-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the development and optimization of reagents for in-solution, hybridization-based capture of the mouse exome. By validating this approach in a multiple inbred strains and in novel mutant strains, we show that whole exome sequencing is a robust approach for discovery of putative mutations, irrespective of strain background. We found strong candidate mutations for the majority of mutant exomes sequenced, including new models of orofacial clefting, urogenital dysmorphology, kyphosis and autoimmune hepatitis.
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| 33. |
- Fei, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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100-m/3-Gbps underwater wireless optical transmission using a wideband photomultiplier tube (PMT)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 1094-4087. ; 30:2, s. 2326-2337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a wideband photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is proposed and a comprehensive experimental study of the proposed PMT-based UWOC system is conducted, in which the transmission distance, data rate, and attenuation length (AL) is pushed to 100.6 meters, 3 Gbps, and 6.62, respectively. The receiver sensitivity at 100.6-meter underwater transmission is as low as -40 dBm for the 1.5-Gbps on-off keying (00K) modulation signal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Gbps-class UWOC experimental demonstration in >100-meter transmission that has ever been reported. To further minimize the complexity of channel equalization, a sparsity-aware equalizer with orthogonal matching pursuit is adopted to reduce the number of the filter coefficients by more than 50% while keeping slight performance penalty. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed PMT-based LIWOC system in different turbidity waters is investigated, which shows the robustness of the proposed scheme. Thanks to the great sensitivity (approaching the quantum limit) and a relatively larger effective area, benefits of misalignment tolerance contributed by the PMT is verified through a proof-of-concept LIWOC experiment.
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| 34. |
- Fei, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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16.6 Gbps data rate for underwater wireless optical transmission with single laser diode achieved with discrete multi-tone and post nonlinear equalization
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 1094-4087. ; 26:26, s. 34060-34069
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a 450-nm laser underwater wireless optical transmission system by using adaptive bit-power loading discrete multi-tone (DMT) and Volterra series based post nonlinear equalization. Post nonlinear equalization mitigates the nonlinear impairment of the UWOC system. By incorporating post nonlinear equalization with a 3rd-order diagonal plane kernel, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved by similar to 2 dB compared with a linear equalization method. The measured transmission capacity of the UWOC system is 16.6 Gbps over 5 m, 13.2 Gbps over 35 m, and 6.6 Gbps over 55 m tap water channel, with bit error rates (BERs) below the standard hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) limit of 3.8 x 10(-3). The used electrical signal bandwidth is 2.75 GHz, corresponding to electrical spectrum efficiency of similar to 6 bit/s/Hz. The distance-datarate product reaches 462 Gbps*m at 35 m tap water transmission. To the best of our knowledge, both the data rate and distance-data rate product are the largest reported for single laser diode.
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| 35. |
- Fei, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of 15-M 7.33-Gb/s 450-nm Underwater Wireless Optical Discrete Multitone Transmission Using Post Nonlinear Equalization
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 36:3, s. 728-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system using a 450-nm gallium nitride (GaN) laser and adaptive bit-power loading discrete multitone (DMT). To enhance the system capacity, a post nonlinear equalizer based on the simplified Volterra series is employed at the receiver to mitigate the nonlinear impairments of the UWOC system. By combining the adaptive bit-power loading with nonlinear equalization, 7.33-Gb/s DMT-modulated UWOC under 15-m tap water is achieved at a bit error rate below the 7% hard-decision forward error correction (FEC) limit 3.8 x 10(-3). The electrical signal bandwidth is 1.25 GHz, which corresponds to an electrical spectrum efficiency of similar to 6 bit/s/Hz. The capacity-distance product reaches 109.95 Gb/s-m in a single channel UWOC system with tap water. Compared with the linear equalization case, the system capacity at the FEC limit for 15-m underwater transmission is improved by similar to 18% with the nonlinear equalization. Furthermore, the impact of turbidity on the performance of UWOC system is investigated by measuring the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under different suspension concentrations of Al(OH)(3) and Mg(OH)(2). The results show that significant SNR gains (>3 dB for transmission distance up to 11 m) can be obtained by the nonlinear equalization over a wide range of water turbidity levels representing "clear ocean," "coastal ocean," and "harbor water," which demonstrates the robustness of the proposed scheme in various ocean environments.
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| 36. |
- Fei, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the Performance of Long Reach UOWC With Multiband DFT-Spread
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 31:16, s. 1315-1318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this letter, a multiband discrete-Fourier-transform spread (DFT-spread) is introduced to reduce the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of discrete multitone (DMT)-based underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system. The performance of different multiband DFT-spread DMT schemes in a wide underwater transmission range (from 5 to 55 m at a fixed transmission data rate of 5.6 Gb/s) is experimentally investigated. The measured results show that the 1-band DFT-spread and 2-band DFT-spread DMT can significantly improve the system performance compared with the conventional clipping DMT, while the 1-band DFT-spread gives the best performance. Due to the single carrier frequency domain equalization-like characteristic, the 1-band DFT-spread exhibits a relatively uniform signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) profile, which shows the robustness to high frequency fading in the band-limited UOWC system. These intrinsic advantages could jointly ease the bit error rate (BER) deterioration in a long reach UOWC system. Furthermore, the measured data rate-distance product has reached 308 Gb/s*m (i.e., 55-m * 5.6 Gb/s), which to the best of our knowledge is the largest for the single modulation format.
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| 37. |
- Fei, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Underwater wireless optical communication utilizing low-complexity sparse pruned-term-based nonlinear decision-feedback equalization
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Optics. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 61:22, s. 6534-6543
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nonlinearity of the light-emitting diode (LED) in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems is considered the one major limiting factor that degrades the system's performance. Volterra series-based nonlinear equalization is widely employed to mitigate such nonlinearity in communication systems. However, the conventional Volterra series-based model is of high complexity, especially for the nonlinearity of higher-order terms or longer memory lengths. In this paper, by pruning away some negligible beating terms and adaptively picking out some of the dominant terms while discarding the trivial ones, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a sparse pruned-term-based nonlinear decision-feedback equalization (SPT-NDFE) scheme for the LED-based UWOC system with an inappreciable performance degradation as compared to systems without the pruning strategy. Meanwhile, by replacing the self/cross beating terms with the terms formed by the absolute operation of a sum of two input samples instead of the product operation terms, a sparse pruned-term-based absolute operation nonlinear decision-feedback equalization (SPT-ANDFE) scheme is also introduced to further reduce complexity. The experimental results show that the SPT-NDFE scheme exhibits comparable performance as compared to the conventional NDFE (nonlinear decision-feedback equalization) scheme with lower complexity (the nonlinear coefficients are reduced by 63.63% as compared to the conventional NDFE scheme). While the SPT-ANDFE scheme yields suboptimal performance with further reduced complexity at the expense of a slight performance degradation, the robustness of the proposed schemes in different turbidity waters is experimentally verified. The proposed channel equalization schemes with low complexity and high performance are promising for power/energy-sensitive UWOC systems.
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| 38. |
- Ge, Xiaodong, et al.
(författare)
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Amelioration of type 2 diabetes by the novel 6, 8-guanidyl luteolin quinone-chromium coordination via biochemical mechanisms and gut microbiota interaction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH. - : Elsevier. - 2090-1232 .- 2090-1224. ; 46, s. 173-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Luteolin is a plant-derived flavonoid that exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activ-ities. Studies on luteolin have mainly focused on its use for hyperlipidaemia prevention, whereas the capacity of the flavonoid to hinder hyperglycaemia development remains underexplored.Objectives: To probe the anti-hyperglycemic mechanism of 6,8-guanidyl luteolin quinone-chromium coordination (GLQ.Cr), and to assess its regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota in type 2 diabetes mel-litus (T2DM) mice.Methods: High-sucrose/high-fat diet-induced and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to develop a T2DM model. Glycometabolism related indicators, histopathology, and gut microbiota compo-sition in caecum samples were evaluated, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of liver samples was con-ducted. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was further used to verify the anti-hyperglycemic activity of intestinal microbiota.Results: The administration of GLQ.Cr alleviated hyperglycaemia symptoms by improving liver and pan-creatic functions and modulating gut microbe communities (Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Desulfovibrio). RNA-seq analysis showed that GLQ.Cr mainly affected the peroxi-some proliferative activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway in order to regulate abnormal glucose metabolism. FMT significantly modulated the abundance of Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Ruminiclostridium, Brevundimonas and Pseudomonas in the caecum to balance blood glucose levels and counteract T2DM mice inflammation.Conclusion: GLQ.Cr improved the abnormal glucose metabolism in T2DM mice by regulating the PPAR signalling pathway and modulating intestinal microbial composition. FMT can improve the intestinal microecology of the recipient and in turn ameliorate the symptoms of T2DM-induced hyperglycaemia.
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| 39. |
- He, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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A clinical study of high-dose urokinase for the treatment of the patients with hypertension induced ventricular hemorrhage
- 2021
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Ingår i: Brain protection strategies and nanomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 9780323989275 ; , s. 349-355
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study discusses the therapeutic effect of high-dose urokinase treatment for hypertension ventricular hemorrhage.Methods: A total of 60 patients with hypertension ventricular hemorrhage were randomly assigned to two groups: treatment group (n = 30)and control group (n = 30). Both groups received bilateral external ventricular drain. The treatment group was injected with 50,000 IU urokinase to the lateral ventricle every day; the total injection volume per day was 100,000 IU. The control group was injected with 20,000 IU urokinase to the lateral ventricle every day with a total injection volume per day of 40,000 IU. Lumbar puncture was performed in both groups after the later ventricular drain was removed to release cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Head Computed tomography(CT) examination was performed regularly to observe changes in the ventricular hematoma as well as the occurrence of complications such as intracranial infection and hydrocephalus. Patient prognosis 6 weeks after surgery was compared between the two groups.Results: In the treatment group, the intraventricular hemorrhage clearance time and the number of instances of urokinase treatment were significantly less than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total urokinase dosage of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). With respect to post-surgery complications, in the treatment group, there were three cases of hydrocephalus and one case of intracranial infection. In the control group, there were four cases of hydrocephalus and three cases of intracranial infection. Intraventricular re-hemorrhage was not observed in either group. Intracranial infection was relieved after strengthened anti-infective therapy and continuous drainage. There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of complications between the treatment group and the control group (P<0.05). The rate of good prognosis in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the inefficiency rate was lower (P<0.05).Conclusions: High-dose urokinase treatment produces a significant therapeutic effect in hypertension ventricular hemorrhage. This treatment can quickly eliminate intraventricular hemorrhage, shorten the ventricular drain tube indwelling time, decrease the occurrence of intracranial infection, and increase the likelihood of a good prognosis.
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| 40. |
- He, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis experience and literature review of patients with cervical, thoracic and lumbar multi-segment spinal stenosis : A case report
- 2021
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Ingår i: Brain protection strategies and nanomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 9780323989275 ; , s. 377-385
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The incidence of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal canal stenosis is low. It is difficult to identify the main focus and responsible segment, and it is also difficult to select the sequence of staging surgery. We report a patient with triple stenosis.Case presentation: In this paper, we introduced a 61-year-old female patient with cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal canal stenosis who had previously undergone "lumbar discectomy" in the outer hospital. The postoperative effect was not good and the symptoms were poor. The diagnosis was "cervical spinal stenosis and lumbar spine surgery." The staged spinal canal decompression operation and Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) treatment were conducted in our hospital. After 3 months of follow-up, the functional and imaging results were satisfactory.Conclusion: We should pay enough attention to the patients with spinal degenerative diseases who need surgery, and must pursue the unity of medical history, signs and images. In case of difficult patients, more comprehensive examination is required, and the main focus and responsible segment are determined through comprehensive analysis. The more important diseases that may exist cannot be covered up by focal lesion manifestations, so as to avoid unnecessary surgical trauma for patients. In addition, surgery combined with Chinese herbal medicine DHJSD therapy may be an effective treatment for this kind of disease.
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| 41. |
- He, Yuanju, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of blackberry polysaccharide on the quality improvement of boiled chicken breast
- 2023
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Ingår i: FOOD CHEMISTRY-X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1575. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blackberry polysaccharide was isolated from blackberry powder with 70% ethanol. The crude polysaccharide was composed of 95.44% glucose, 2.01% arabinose, 1.81% galactose and 0.74% glucuronic acid. Chicken breast meat was only marinated with different concentrations of the isolated blackberry polysaccharide (1 g/kg, 3 g/kg) for 24 h at a ratio of material to liquid of 1:3, and boiled at 80celcius for 1 h. The differences in texture, water distribution and volatile flavor components among different groups (adding 0,1,3 g/kg blackberry polysaccharide) were investigated. The results showed that the addition of blackberry polysaccharide could significantly improve the hardness of chicken breast, the transformation of free water to bound water, the overall flavor characteristics of the control group and the addition of different concentrations of blackberry polysaccharide were significantly different, and the concentration of volatile flavor substances in boiled chicken breast was reduced.
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| 42. |
- He, Yafang, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomic Changes Upon Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Predictions of Body Composition Responsiveness
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 107:9, s. 2606-2615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may optimize body composition, yet mechanisms underlining its benefits are not clear in humans. Objective We aimed to reveal the CLA-induced changes in the plasma metabolome associated with body composition improvement and the predictive performance of baseline metabolome on intervention responsiveness. Methods Plasma metabolome from overnight fasted samples at pre- and post-intervention of 65 participants in a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial (3.2 g/day CLA vs 3.2 g/day sunflower oil) were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Mixed linear model and machine learning were applied to assess differential metabolites between treatments, and to identify optimal panel (based on baseline conventional variables vs metabolites) predicting responders of CLA-derived body composition improvement (increased muscle variables or decreased adiposity variables) based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results Compared with placebo, CLA altered 57 metabolites (P
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| 43. |
- Hong, Xiaojian, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Demonstration of 55-m/2-Gbps Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Using SiPM Diversity Reception and Nonlinear Decision-Feedback Equalizer
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 10, s. 47814-47823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is considered as an enabling technology with a mass of potential applications. The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) exhibits a bright prospect for UWOC thanks to the traits of low-light detection capability, low-voltage operation, and superior operability. However, the performance of the SiPM-based UWOC system is severely degraded by the dead-time caused nonlinear response. In this paper, to mitigate the dead-time induced nonlinear distortion and explore the achievable capacity of the newly developed SiPM, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a 55-m / 2-Gbps UWOC system by virtue of SiPM diversity reception and nonlinear decision-feedback equalizer (NDFE). The performance of NDFE is superior to that of the conventional decision-feedback equalizer (DEE), and NDFE with a pruning factor of 5 declares similar performance as that without pruning strategy, while the number of the nonlinear equalizer can be reduced by similar to 31.8%. Significant performance improvement is also obtained by the proposed scheme under different turbidity waters. The measured data rate is pushed from 1 Gbps to 2 Gbps with a receiver sensitivity as low as -41.96 dBm, which to the best of our knowledge is the largest data rate ever achieved using the off-the-shelf SiPM among the reported UWOC works. In accordance with the receiver sensitivity and the model of optical propagation in the water channel, the maximum attainable distance/data rate is predicted to be 147 m/ 1 Gbps and 128 m/2 Gbps with the proposed scheme. The research results are promising for long-reach and high-speed UWOC.
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| 44. |
- Ji, Xinyu, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic–smoking interaction reveals histologically heterogeneous effects of TRIM27 DNA methylation on overall survival among early-stage NSCLC patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 14:11, s. 2759-2774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tripartite motif containing 27 (TRIM27) is highly expressed in lung cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we profiled DNA methylation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tumours from 613 early-stage NSCLC patients and evaluated associations between CpG methylation of TRIM27 and overall survival. Significant CpG probes were confirmed in 617 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The methylation of the CpG probe cg05293407TRIM27 was significantly associated with overall survival in patients with LUSC (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.30–2.09, P = 4.52 × 10−5), but not in patients with LUAD (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.87–1.33, P = 0.493). As incidence of LUSC is associated with higher smoking intensity compared to LUAD, we investigated whether smoking intensity impacted on the prognostic effect of cg05293407TRIM27 methylation in NSCLC. LUSC patients had a higher average pack-year of smoking (37.49LUAD vs 54.79LUSC, P = 1.03 × 10−19) and included a higher proportion of current smokers than LUAD patients (28.24%LUAD vs 34.09%LUSC, P = 0.037). cg05293407TRIM27 was significantly associated with overall survival only in NSCLC patients with medium–high pack-year of smoking (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26–1.96, P = 5.25 × 10−5). We conclude that cg05293407TRIM27 methylation is a potential predictor of LUSC prognosis, and smoking intensity may impact on its prognostic value across the various types of NSCLC.
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| 45. |
- Lehtipalo, Katrianne, et al.
(författare)
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Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 4:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect both air quality and climate, form from gaseous precursors in the atmosphere. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), formed by oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to participate in particle formation and growth. However, it is not well understood how they interact with atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from fossil fuel combustion, as well as ammonia (NH3) from livestock and fertilizers. Here, we show how NOx suppresses particle formation, while HOMs, sulfuric acid, and NH3 have a synergistic enhancing effect on particle formation. We postulate a novel mechanism, involving HOMs, sulfuric acid, and ammonia, which is able to closely reproduce observations of particle formation and growth in daytime boreal forest and similar environments. The findings elucidate the complex interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic vapors in the atmospheric aerosol system.
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| 46. |
- Li, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Non-fullerene acceptors with branched side chains and improved molecular packing to exceed 18% efficiency in organic solar cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : NATURE RESEARCH. - 2058-7546.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular design of acceptor and donor molecules has enabled major progress in organic photovoltaics. Li et al. show that branched alkyl chains in non-fullerene acceptors allow favourable morphology in the active layer, enabling a certified device efficiency of 17.9%. Molecular design of non-fullerene acceptors is of vital importance for high-efficiency organic solar cells. The branched alkyl chain modification is often regarded as a counter-intuitive approach, as it may introduce an undesirable steric hindrance that reduces charge transport in non-fullerene acceptors. Here we show the design and synthesis of a highly efficient non-fullerene acceptor family by substituting the beta position of the thiophene unit on a Y6-based dithienothiophen[3,2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole core with branched alkyl chains. It was found that such a modification to a different alkyl chain length could completely change the molecular packing behaviour of non-fullerene acceptors, leading to improved structural order and charge transport in thin films. An unprecedented efficiency of 18.32% (certified value of 17.9%) with a fill factor of 81.5% is achieved for single-junction organic solar cells. This work reveals the importance of the branched alkyl chain topology in tuning the molecular packing and blend morphology, which leads to improved organic photovoltaic performance.
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| 47. |
- Lin, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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BSeIn : A blockchain-based secure mutual authentication with fine-grained access control system for industry 4.0
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Network and Computer Applications. - : Elsevier. - 1084-8045 .- 1095-8592. ; 116, s. 42-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To be prepared for the ‘Industry 4.0’-era, we propose a hierarchical framework comprising four tangible layers, which is designed to vertically integrate inter-organizational value networks, engineering value chain, manufacturing factories, etc. The conceptual framework allows us to efficiently implement a flexible and reconfigurable smart factory. However, we need to consider security inherent in existing (stand-alone) devices and networks as well as those that may arise in such integrations. Especially the existing solutions are insufficient to address these fundamental security concerns. Thus, we present a blockchain-based system for secure mutual authentication, BSeIn, to enforce fine-grained access control polices. The proposed system (with integrated attribute signature, multi-receivers encryption and message authentication code) is designed to provide privacy and security guarantees such as anonymous authentication, auditability, and confidentiality. BSeIn also scales well due to the utilization of smart contract. We then evaluate the security and performance of BSeIn. For example, findings from the performance evaluation demonstrate that Initialization/Request Issuance/Chain Transaction/State Delivery/Permission Update phase only cost 12.123/4.810/6.978/0.013/2.559s, respectively.
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| 48. |
- Lin, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Security and Privacy for the Internet of Drones : Challenges and Solutions
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Magazine. - Piscataway : IEEE. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 56:1, s. 64-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent trend in both industry and research is the Internet of Drones, which has applications in both civilian and military settings. However, drones (also known as unmanned aerial vehicles) are generally not designed with security in mind, and there are fundamental security and privacy issues that need study. Hence, in this article, we study the architecture and its security and privacy requirements. We also outline potential solutions to address challenging issues such as privacy leakage, data confidentiality protection, and flexible accessibility, with the hope that this article will provide the basis for future research in this emerging area.
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| 49. |
- Liu, Huizeng, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating ultraviolet reflectance from visible bands in ocean colour remote sensing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, ultraviolet (UV) bands have received increasing attention from the ocean colour remote sensing community, as they may contribute to improving atmospheric correction and inherent optical properties (IOPs) retrieval. However, most ocean colour satellite sensors do not have UV bands, and the accurate retrieval of UV remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) from UV satellite data is still a challenge. In order to address this problem, this study proposes a hybrid approach for estimating UV Rrs from the visible bands. The approach was implemented with two popular ocean colour satellite sensors, i.e. GCOM-C SGLI and Sentinel-3 OLCI. In situ Rrs collected globally and simulated Rrs spectra were used to develop UV Rrs retrieval models, and UV Rrs values at 360, 380 and 400 nm were estimated from visible Rrs spectra. The performances of the established models were evaluated using in situ Rrs and satellite data, and applied to a semi-analytical algorithm for IOPs retrieval. The results showed that: (i) UV Rrs retrieval models had low uncertainties with mean absolute percentage differences (MAPD) less than 5%; (ii) the model assessment with in situ Rrs showed high accuracy (r = 0.92–1.00 and MAPD = 1.11%–10.95%) in both clear open ocean and optically complex waters; (iii) the model assessment with satellite data indicated that model-estimated UV Rrs were more consistent with in situ values than satellite-derived UV Rrs; and (iv) model-estimated UV Rrs may improve the decomposition accuracy of absorption coefficients in semi-analytical IOPs algorithm. Thus, the proposed method has great potentials for reconstructing UV Rrs data and improving IOPs retrieval for historical satellite sensors, and might also be useful for UV-based atmospheric correction algorithms.
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| 50. |
- Liu, Huizeng, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Ocean Color Atmospheric Correction Methods for Sentinel-3 OLCI Using Global Automatic In Situ Observations
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. - 0196-2892 .- 1558-0644. ; 60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) on Sentinel-3 is one of the most advanced ocean color satellite sensors for aquatic environment monitoring. However, limited studies have been focused on a comprehensive assessment of atmospheric correction (AC) methods for OLCI. In an attempt to fill the gap, this study evaluated seven different AC methods for OLCI using global automatic in situ observations from Aerosol Robotic Network-Ocean Color (AERONET-OC). Results showed that the POLYnomial-based algorithm applied to MERIS (POLYMER) had the best performance for bands with wavelength ≤ 443 nm, and the SeaDAS method based on 779 and 865 nm was the best for longer spectral bands; however, SeaDAS (SeaWiFS Data Analysis System) processing algorithm based on 779 and 1020 nm, as well as 865 and 1020 nm, obtained degraded AC performance; Case 2 Regional CoastColor (C2RCC) also produced large uncertainties; Baseline AC (BAC) method might be better than SeaDAS method; and simple subtraction method was the worst except for turbid waters. POLYMER and C2RCC underestimated high remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at red and green bands; SeaDAS method based on 779 and 865 nm held an advantage for clear waters over the other two band combinations, while their difference turned small for turbid waters. AC uncertainties generally impacted the performance of chlorophyll retrievals. POLYMER outperformed other methods for chlorophyll retrieval. This study provides a good reference for selecting a suitable AC method for aquatic environment monitoring with Sentinel-3 OLCI.
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