| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Energetic Asymmetry Connected with Energy Flow Changes in Response to Eutrophication : A Study of Multiple Fish Species in Subtropical Shallow Lakes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Ecology. - 1505-2249. ; 67:4, s. 305-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy flow is a central characteristic in all ecosystems, and it has attracted considerable scientific attention due to its significant effects on the stability of food webs. Lake ecosystems that undergo regime shifts (clear water phase, phytoplankton dominated changed into turbid water, macrophytes dominated or vice versa) are characterized by a series of transformation in trophic structure. Although previous studies have mainly focused on the causes and consequences of regime shifts in shallow lakes, studies about responses of energy flow changes to regime shifts is far from complete. In this paper, we estimated trophic position and benthivory (i.e. degree of benthivory) of seventeen fish species from seven shallow lakes. Our data show that the trophic position and benthivory of fish species in clear water phase are significantly higher than in turbid water. This finding might help spark some ideas for subtropical lake eutrophication treatment.
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Huan, et al.
(författare)
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Plasticity in rotifer morphology induced by conflicting threats from multiple predators
- 2022
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 67:3, s. 498-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major research goals in ecology is to understand predator–prey interactions. However, our understanding of how prey express phenotypic plasticity in response to co-occurring multiple predators is limited in many systems. Here, we use the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus as model organism to test how prey responds to co-occurring predators through a series of related experiments. Firstly, we examined the effects of the density of a fish predator Carassius auratus on morphological traits in B. calyciflorus. Secondly, we examined the effects of larval C. auratus and Asplanchna brightwellii (a rotifer predator) on morphological defensive traits (body length, body width, anterior spine length, and posterolateral spine length) of B. calyciflorus. We show that B. calyciflorus develops smaller body size and shorter spine length when exposed to media conditioned using larval fish, and that high larval fish densities induce more pronounced responses than low densities. We also show that B. calyciflorus is able to discriminate between the two predators by producing opposing morphological adaptations (i.e., larger body size and longer posterolateral spines against A. brightwellii, but smaller body size and shorter spine length when exposed to the visual predator [larval fish]). However, B. calyciflorus develops intermediate, trade-off responses in all morphological traits when exposed to conflicting threats from a combination of predators with different size and feeding strategies. These results show how prey are not necessarily passive victims, but rather, use countermeasures against predation – they actively develop responses to counteract their vulnerability to different predators by rapidly adjusting their morphology and life-history traits to the existing predator regimes.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Huan, et al.
(författare)
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Synergistic effects of warming and eutrophication alert zooplankton predator–prey interactions along the benthic–pelagic interface
- 2021
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 27:22, s. 5907-5919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary evidence suggests that climate change and other co-occurring large-scale environmental changes, such as eutrophication, will have a considerable impact on aquatic communities. However, the interactions of these environmental changes on trophic interactions among zooplankton remain largely unknown. Here we present results of a mesocosm experiment examining how a couple of zooplankton predator and prey taxa with different life-history strategies respond to the combined effect of an increase in temperature (4.5°C) and in eutrophication (phosphorus addition), during the crucial recruiting and growing season. We show that the addition of phosphorus alone significantly weakened the top-down effects by the cyclopoid copepod predators on their rotifer prey. In contrast, warming strengthened the top-down effects from the predator, leading to a reduction in the abundance of the rotifer prey. These effects of warming were enhanced by phosphorus addition. Together, our results demonstrate that warming made plankton prey organisms more susceptible to top-down effects from predators, but reduced their sensitivity to nutrient enrichment. In terms of the phenological effects, warming advanced the termination of diapause for both rotifers and cyclopoid copepods by about 2 weeks, but these temporal shifts, akin for both groups, resulted in no apparent trophic mismatch. Hence, from a future perspective, cyclopoid copepods are likely to benefit more from the combination of nutrient enrichment and climate warming to the detriment of their rotifer prey.
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Lars Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Different climate scenarios alter dominance patterns among aquatic primary producers in temperate systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : WILEY. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 65:10, s. 2328-2336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a future climate change perspective, the interactions among different life-forms of primary producers will likely be altered, leading to changes in the relative dominance among macrophytes, filamentous, and planktonic algae. In order to improve the possibilities to forecast future ecosystem services and function, we therefore conducted a long-term mesocosm study where primary producers were exposed to different climate scenarios, including both a mean increase in temperature (4 degrees C) and a similar energy input, but delivered as "heat waves" (fluctuations 0-8 degrees C above ambient). We show that in shallow systems, future climate change scenarios will likely lead to higher total macrophyte biomasses, but also to considerable alterations in the macrophyte community composition. The biomass of filamentous algae (Cladophora) showed no significant difference among treatments, although effect size analyses identified a slight increase at heated conditions. We also show that future climate change will not necessarily lead to more phytoplankton blooms, although a considerable alteration in phytoplankton community composition is to be expected, with a dominance of cyanobacteria and Cryptophytes, whereas Chlorophyceae and diatoms will likely play a less pronounced role than at present. In a broader context, we conclude that the total biomass of macrophytes will likely increase in shallow areas, whereas phytoplankton may not show any strong changes in biomass in a future climate change scenario. Instead, the major changes among primary producers will likely be mirrored in a considerably different species composition than at present.
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| 9. |
- He, Huan
(författare)
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A multi-omics approach to uncover estrogen receptor (ER) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling networks in breast cancer
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Estrogen receptor (ER) binds to DNA indirectly through other transcription factors (e.g. AP-1) to modulate gene expression, which is a tethering mechanism. The ER/AP-1 crosstalk plays an important role in tamoxifen therapy resistance. However, the overlap in DNA binding profiles of ER and AP-1 transcription factors at genome-wide level has not been described. Moreover, AP-1 plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes in breast cancer. The transcriptional activity of AP-1 is controlled by coregulators, thereby regulating the expression of specific genes. Understanding protein-protein interactions is fundamental to the mechanism of AP-1 signaling. In addition, ERα is one of the key biomarkers for diagnosis and endocrine therapy of breast cancer. However, ERα status is not considered to be a perfect marker for responsiveness to anti-estrogens. It has been shown that ERβ may act as a tumor suppressor and could be a therapeutic target for breast cancer, however the functions of ERβ in this setting remain to be further explored. The use of multi-functional genomic technologies to identify cistrome, transcriptome and proteome of ER or AP-1 has resulted in comprehensive deciphering of the role of the ER and AP-1 in breast cancer, which also provides information for developing novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer. In Paper I, we investigated the genome-wide assessment of c-Jun, a potent member of AP-1 family, and ERα cistrome and transcriptome in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate the genome-wide co-localization of ERα and c-Jun binding regions and suggest that ERα tethering to AP-1 is a global mechanism for gene transcription regulated by ERα. In addition, the results confirm that the sensitivity of ERα-positive breast cancer cells to tamoxifen therapy is reduced by c-Jun overexpression. Moreover, it is shown that expression of transforming growth factor β induced (TGFBI) protein is associated with poor outcomes of ERα-positive breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy and thus as a candidate gene that may cause tamoxifen resistance through ERα and AP-1 crosstalk. In Paper II, we elucidated the first Fra-1 associated interactome in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells using Rapid Immunoprecipitation Mass Spectrometry of Endogenous proteins (RIME) approach, showing that the most enriched Fra-1 interacting protein was DDX5. The cistrome and transcriptome of DDX5 extensively overlapped with that of Fra-1, which is highly associated with the TNBC cell growth. Furthermore, we found that DDX5 acts as a transcriptional coactivator for Fra-1, enhancing Fra-1-dependent TNBC cell proliferation through increasing the transcriptional activity of Fra-1. We also showed that higher expression level of DDX5 protein was detected in triple-negative basal-like tumors compared with that in non-basal-like ones. In addition, the direct target gene set of DDX5 can predict poor clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. In Paper III, we generated a novel breast cancer cell model with overexpression of ERβ in the absence of ERα. We used CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock out ERα in MCF7 breast cancer cells with stable Tet-Off-inducible ERβ expression. We found that only ERβ-expressing MCF7 cells displayed a significant reduction in cell proliferation in response to E2 compared with vehicle, conversely, only ERα-expressing MCF7 cells displayed an increased cell proliferation upon E2 treatment. The RNA-seq results indicated that ERβ could modulate specific gene expression profile different from that of ERα. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis showed that the two ER isoforms regulate cell proliferation in opposite direction; ERβ is significantly involved in the biological process “negative regulation of cell proliferation”. In conclusion, the studies presented in the thesis contribute to comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of ER and AP-1 signaling in breast cancer. We characterized two molecules, TGFBI and DDX5, in breast cancer, suggesting that they could be the candidates of therapeutic targets. We also provided evidences that ERα and ERβ have opposite effects on E2-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation by regulating distinct gene sets.
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| 10. |
- He, Yafang, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomic Changes Upon Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Predictions of Body Composition Responsiveness
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 107:9, s. 2606-2615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may optimize body composition, yet mechanisms underlining its benefits are not clear in humans. Objective We aimed to reveal the CLA-induced changes in the plasma metabolome associated with body composition improvement and the predictive performance of baseline metabolome on intervention responsiveness. Methods Plasma metabolome from overnight fasted samples at pre- and post-intervention of 65 participants in a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial (3.2 g/day CLA vs 3.2 g/day sunflower oil) were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Mixed linear model and machine learning were applied to assess differential metabolites between treatments, and to identify optimal panel (based on baseline conventional variables vs metabolites) predicting responders of CLA-derived body composition improvement (increased muscle variables or decreased adiposity variables) based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results Compared with placebo, CLA altered 57 metabolites (P
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| 11. |
- Huang, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Propeller-like D-pi-A architectures : bright solid emitters with AIEE activity and large two-photon absorption
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 2:33, s. 6843-6849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel molecules TABzPA and TATpPA with D-pi-A structure and large pi-conjugation have been synthesized via Wittig reaction. Unlike common molecules, which exhibit the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenon, TABzPA and TATpPA exhibit aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) activity: weak luminescence in common solvents but strong emission when aggregated as nanoparticles and solid powders. Due to their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) attribution and AIEE features, TABzPA and TATpPA display bathochromic effects. Combining ICT and AIEE features, these molecules are intensely yellow solid emitters with high quantum efficiencies of about 23.2% and 24.1%. Moreover, TABzPA and TATpPA have excellent two-photon absorption (2PA) properties owing to good planarity and large pi-conjugation. The values of 2PA cross sections at 800 nm are 7590 GM and 7648 GM. The excellent optical properties of TABzPA and TATpPA pave the way for future potential applications in biophotonics and optoelectronics.
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| 12. |
- Huang, Yajun, et al.
(författare)
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Flame-retardant polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofibers hybrid carbon aerogel by freeze drying with ultra-low phosphorus
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332. ; 497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofibers hybrid aerogel was prepared under freeze drying method. To improve the aerogels' anti-combustion performance, 0.8 wt% microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP) was loaded as the flame retardant. Aerogels with extremely low density (~0.06 g/cm3) and excellent mechanical performance (Young's modulus: 1.045 MPa) can be obtained. The resulted aerogel also exhibit considerable thermal insulation ability (thermal conductivity: ~0.04 W/m·K). Experimental results indicate that the value of limiting oxygen index increases from 19.5% to 37.5% when loading 0.8 wt% MCAPP. Accordingly, the aerogels' peak heat release rate decreased significantly from 222.44 to 107.84 kW/m2. The char residue rises when introducing MCAPP and the char's integrity improves a lot after combustion. The fire performance index and fire growth index increases and falls respectively, indicating improved anti-combustion performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show C[dbnd]O bonds would be increased for the esterification of phosphoric acid from MCAPP. In addition, the production of carbonate can be prohibited while combustion when loading MCAPP.
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| 13. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
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| 14. |
- Li, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Lie Detection Using fNIRS Monitoring of Inhibition-Related Brain Regions Discriminates Infrequent but not Frequent Liars
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5161. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to test whether monitoring inhibition-related brain regions is a feasible method for detecting both infrequent liars and frequent liars. Thirty-two participants were divided into two groups: the deceptive group (liars) and the non-deceptive group (ND group, innocents). All the participants were required to undergo a simulated interrogation by a computer. The participants from the deceptive group were instructed to tell a mix of lies and truths and those of the ND group were instructed always to tell the truth. Based on the number of deceptions, the participants of the deceptive group were further divided into a infrequently deceptive group (IFD group, infrequent liars) and a frequently deceptive group (FD group, frequent liars). The infrequent liars exhibited greater neural activities than the frequent liars and the innocents in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) when performing the deception detection tasks. While performing deception detection tasks, infrequent liars showed significantly greater neural activation in the left MFG than the baseline, but frequent liars and innocents did not exhibit this pattern of neural activation in any area of inhibition-related brain regions. The results of individual analysis showed an acceptable accuracy of detecting infrequent liars, but an unacceptable accuracy of detecting frequent liars. These results suggest that using fNIRS monitoring of inhibition-related brain regions is feasible for detecting infrequent liars, for whom deception may be more effortful and therefore more physiologically marked, but not frequent liars.
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| 15. |
- Li, Sirui, et al.
(författare)
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Glioma grading, molecular feature classification, and microstructural characterization using MR diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE) imaging
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 31:11, s. 8197-8207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the potential of diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE) for grading, molecular feature classification, and microstructural characterization of gliomas. Materials and methods: Participants with suspected gliomas underwent DIVIDE imaging, yielding parameter maps of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), anisotropic mean kurtosis (MKA), isotropic mean kurtosis (MKI), total mean kurtosis (MKT), MKA/MKT, and microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA). Tumor type and grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutant status, and the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) were determined after surgery. Statistical analysis included 33 high-grade gliomas (HGG) and 17 low-grade gliomas (LGG). Tumor diffusion metrics were compared between HGG and LGG, among grades, and between wild and mutated IDH types using appropriate tests according to normality assessment results. Receiver operating characteristic and Spearman correlation analysis were also used for statistical evaluations. Results: FA, MD, MKA, MKI, MKT, μFA, and MKA/MKT differed between HGG and LGG (FA: p = 0.047; MD: p = 0.037, others p < 0.001), and among glioma grade II, III, and IV (FA: p = 0.048; MD: p = 0.038, others p < 0.001). All diffusion metrics differed between wild-type and mutated IDH tumors (MKI: p = 0.003; others: p < 0.001). The metrics that best discriminated between HGG and LGGs and between wild-type and mutated IDH tumors were MKT and FA respectively (area under the curve 0.866 and 0.881). All diffusion metrics except FA showed significant correlation with Ki-67 LI, and MKI had the highest correlation coefficient (rs = 0.618). Conclusion: DIVIDE is a promising technique for glioma characterization and diagnosis. Key Points: • DIVIDE metrics MKIis related to cell density heterogeneity while MKAand μFA are related to cell eccentricity. • DIVIDE metrics can effectively differentiate LGG from HGG and IDH mutation from wild-type tumor, and showed significant correlation with the Ki-67 labeling index. • MKIwas larger than MKAwhich indicates predominant cell density heterogeneity in gliomas. • MKAand MKIincreased with grade or degree of malignancy, however with a relatively larger increase in the cell eccentricity metric MKAin relation to the cell density heterogeneity metric MKI.
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| 16. |
- Li, Wenting, et al.
(författare)
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Recent progress in silver nanowire networks for flexible organic electronics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 8:14, s. 4636-4674
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) have attracted extensive attention as an essential element for future organic electronics (OEs), i.e. solution-processable, scalable and flexible organic electronics (FOEs). Although the traditional transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) has been widely used in OEs, its brittleness and high cost significantly limit its application in the next generation of devices, typically flexible electronics. Thus, many alternatives, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, metal nanowires, metal grids and electrospun metallic nanofibers, have arisen at the forefront of FTEs. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have attracted particular attention due to their excellent electrical conductivity and high transmittance, as well as facile availability and low cost. Since many studies on AgNWs have been published, a comprehensive review highlighting the advantages of AgNWs in FOEs is highly required. In this review, the synthesis and film fabrication of AgNWs have been firstly summarized, focusing especially on the properties of conductivity and light transmittance. Next, post treatments with different approaches to improve the conductivity of AgNWs have been included. And then, characterization of FTEs has been introduced with details on key parameters for FOEs. Furthermore, AgNW-based FOEs have been summarized to demonstrate the recent progress, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic memory devices (OMDs), etc. Finally, perspectives for AgNWs in FOEs have been discussed and concluded as well. It is expected that AgNWs could be the focus of future FOEs compared with other alternatives in terms of their advantages of optoelectronic properties, film-formation, solution-processability and flexibility.
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| 17. |
- Li, Xinyu, et al.
(författare)
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Biodegradable MOFilters for Effective Air Filtration and Sterilization by Coupling MOF Functionalization and Mechanical Polarization of Fibrous Poly(lactic acid)
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 15:22, s. 26812-26823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-performance air filtration materials are importantfor addressingthe airborne pollutants. Herein, we propose an unprecedented accessto biodegradable poly-(lactic acid) (PLA)-based MOFilters with excellentfiltering performance and antibacterial activity. The fabricationinvolved a stepwise in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8) crystals at the surface of microfibrous PLA membranes, followedby mechanical polarization under high pressure and low temperature(5 MPa, 40 degrees C) to trigger the ordered alignment of dipoles inPLA chains and ZIF-8. The unique structural features allowed thesePLA-based MOFilters to achieve an exceptional combination of excellenttensile properties, high dielectric constant (up to 2.4 F/m), andenhanced surface potential as high as 4 kV. Arising from the remarkablesurface activity and electrostatic adsorption effect, a significantincrease (from over 12% to nearly 20%) in PM0.3 filtrationefficiency was observed for the PLA-based MOFilters compared to thatof pure PLA counterparts, with weak relation to the airflow velocities(10-85 L/min). Moreover, the air resistance was controlledat a considerably low level for all the MOFilters, that is, below183 Pa even at 85 L/min. It is worth noting that distinct antibacterialproperties were achieved for the MOFilters, as illustrated by theinhibitive rates of 87 and 100% against Escherichiacoli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The proposed concept of PLA-based MOFilters offersunprecedented multifunction integration, which may fuel the developmentof biodegradable versatile filters with high capturing and antibacterialperformances yet desirable manufacturing feasibility.
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| 18. |
- Li, Zhongqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Climate warming and heat waves affect reproductive strategies and interactions between submerged macrophytes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013. ; 23:1, s. 108-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity during the next hundred years, which may accelerate shifts in hydrological regimes and submerged macrophyte composition in freshwater ecosystems. Since macrophytes are profound components of aquatic systems, predicting their response to extreme climatic events is crucial for implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. We therefore performed an experiment in 24 outdoor enclosures (400 L) separating the impact of a 4 °C increase in mean temperature with the same increase, that is the same total amount of energy input, but resembling a climate scenario with extreme variability, oscillating between 0 °C and 8 °C above present conditions. We show that at the moderate nutrient conditions provided in our study, neither an increase in mean temperature nor heat waves lead to a shift from a plant-dominated to an algal-dominated system. Instead, we show that species-specific responses to climate change among submerged macrophytes may critically influence species composition and thereby ecosystem functioning. Our results also imply that more fluctuating temperatures affect the number of flowers produced per plant leading to less sexual reproduction. Our findings therefore suggest that predicted alterations in climate regimes may influence both plant interactions and reproductive strategies, which have the potential to inflict changes in biodiversity, community structure and ecosystem functioning.
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| 19. |
- Li, Zhongqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Heat Waves Alter Macrophyte-Derived Detrital Nutrients Release under Future Climate Warming Scenarios
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 55:8, s. 5272-5281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to a rise in global air and water mean temperatures, extreme climate events such as heat waves are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration in many regions of the globe. Developing a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of heat waves on key ecosystem processes and how they differ from just an increase in mean temperatures is therefore of utmost importance for adaptive management against effects of global change. However, little is known about the impact of extreme events on freshwater ecosystem processes, particularly the decomposition of macrophyte detritus. We performed a mesocosm experiment to evaluate the impact of warming and heat waves on macrophyte detrital decomposition, applied as a fixed increment (+4 °C) above ambient and a fluctuating treatment with similar energy input, ranging from 0 to 6 °C above ambient (i.e., simulating heat waves). We showed that both warming and heat waves significantly accelerate dry mass loss of the detritus and carbon (C) release but found no significant differences between the two heated treatments on the effects on detritus dry mass loss and C release amount. This suggests that moderate warming indirectly enhanced macrophyte detritus dry mass loss and C release mainly by the amount of energy input rather than by the way in which warming was provided (i.e., by a fixed increment or in heat waves). However, we found significantly different amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) released between the two warming treatments, and there was an asymmetric response of N and P release patterns to the two warming treatments, possibly due to species-specific responses of decomposers to short-term temperature fluctuations and litter quality. Our results conclude that future climate scenarios can significantly accelerate organic matter decomposition and C, N, and P release from decaying macrophytes, and more importantly, there are asymmetric alterations in macrophyte-derived detrital N and P release dynamic. Therefore, future climate change scenarios could lead to alterations in N/P ratios in the water column via macrophyte decomposition processes and ultimately affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, especially in the plankton community.
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| 22. |
- Räsänen, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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VEGF-B Promotes Endocardium-Derived Coronary Vessel Development and Cardiac Regeneration
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 143:1, s. 65-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Recent discoveries have indicated that, in the developing heart, sinus venosus and endocardium provide major sources of endothelium for coronary vessel growth that supports the expanding myocardium. Here we set out to study the origin of the coronary vessels that develop in response to vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) in the heart and the effect of VEGF-B on recovery from myocardial infarction.Methods:We used mice and rats expressing a VEGF-B transgene, VEGF-B-gene–deleted mice and rats, apelin-CreERT, and natriuretic peptide receptor 3–CreERT recombinase-mediated genetic cell lineage tracing and viral vector–mediated VEGF-B gene transfer in adult mice. Left anterior descending coronary vessel ligation was performed, and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine–mediated proliferating cell cycle labeling; flow cytometry; histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods; single-cell RNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis; microcomputed tomography; and fluorescent- and tracer-mediated vascular perfusion imaging analyses were used to study the development and function of the VEGF-B–induced vessels in the heart.Results:We show that cardiomyocyte overexpression of VEGF-B in mice and rats during development promotes the growth of novel vessels that originate directly from the cardiac ventricles and maintain connection with the coronary vessels in subendocardial myocardium. In adult mice, endothelial proliferation induced by VEGF-B gene transfer was located predominantly in the subendocardial coronary vessels. Furthermore, VEGF-B gene transduction before or concomitantly with ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery promoted endocardium-derived vessel development into the myocardium and improved cardiac tissue remodeling and cardiac function.Conclusions:The myocardial VEGF-B transgene promotes the formation of endocardium-derived coronary vessels during development, endothelial proliferation in subendocardial myocardium in adult mice, and structural and functional rescue of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. VEGF-B could provide a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac neovascularization after coronary occlusion to rescue the most vulnerable myocardial tissue.
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| 23. |
- Song, Dandan, et al.
(författare)
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Blocking Fra-1 sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to PARP inhibitor
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3835 .- 1872-7980. ; 506, s. 23-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AP-1 member Fra-1 is overexpressed in TNBC and plays crucial roles in tumor progression and treatment resistance. In a previous large-scale screen, we identified PARP1 to be among 118 proteins that interact with endogenous chromatin-bound Fra-1 in TNBC cells. PARP1 inhibitor (olaparib) is currently in clinical use for treatment of BRCA-mutated TNBC breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that the Fra-1-PARP1 interaction impacts the efficacy of olaparib treatment. We show that PARP1 interacts with and downregulates Fra-1, thereby reducing AP-1 transcriptional activity. Olaparib treatment, or silencing of PARP1, consequently, increases Fra-1 levels and enhances its transcriptional activity. Increased Fra-1 can have adverse effect, including treatment resistance. We also found that a large fraction of PARP1-regulated genes was dependent on Fra-1. We show that by inhibiting Fra-1/AP-1, non-BRCA-mutated TNBC cells can become sensitized to olaparib treatment. We identify that high PARP1 expression is indicative of a poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients overall (P = 0.01), but not for HER-2 positive patients. In conclusion, by exploring the functionality of the Fra-1 and PARP1 interaction, we propose that targeting Fra-1 could serve as a combinatory therapeutic approach to improve olaparib treatment outcome for TNBC patients.
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| 24. |
- Song, Dandan, et al.
(författare)
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ER alpha and ER beta Homodimers in the Same Cellular Context Regulate Distinct Transcriptomes and Functions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two estrogen receptors ER alpha and ER beta are nuclear receptors that bind estrogen (E2) and function as ligand-inducible transcription factors. They are homologues and can form dimers with each other and bind to the same estrogen-response element motifs in the DNA. ER alpha drives breast cancer growth whereas ER beta has been reported to be anti-proliferative. However, they are rarely expressed in the same cells, and it is not fully investigated to which extent their functions are different because of inherent differences or because of different cellular context. To dissect their similarities and differences, we here generated a novel estrogen-dependent cell model where ER alpha homodimers can be directly compared to ER beta homodimers within the identical cellular context. By using CRISPR-cas9 to delete ER alpha in breast cancer MCF7 cells with Tet-Off-inducible ER beta expression, we generated MCF7 cells that express ER beta but not ER alpha. MCF7 (ER beta only) cells exhibited regulation of estrogen-responsive targets in a ligand-dependent manner. We demonstrated that either ER was required for MCF7 proliferation, but while E2 increased proliferation via ER alpha, it reduced proliferation through a G2/M arrest via ER beta. The two ERs also impacted migration differently. In absence of ligand, ER beta increased migration, but upon E2 treatment, ER beta reduced migration. E2 via ER alpha, on the other hand, had no significant impact on migration. RNA sequencing revealed that E2 regulated a transcriptome of around 800 genes via each receptor, but over half were specific for either ER alpha or ER beta (417 and 503 genes, respectively). Functional gene ontology enrichment analysis reinforced that E2 regulated cell proliferation in opposite directions depending on the ER, and that ER beta specifically impacted extracellular matrix organization. We corroborated that ER beta bound to cis-regulatory chromatin of its unique proposed migration-related direct targets ANXA9 and TFAP2C. In conclusion, we demonstrate that within the same cellular context, the two ERs regulate cell proliferation in the opposite manner, impact migration differently, and each receptor also regulates a distinct set of target genes in response to E2. The developed cell model provides a novel and valuable resource to further complement the mechanistic understanding of the two different ER isoforms.
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| 25. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 27. |
- Xiao, Huan, et al.
(författare)
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THE STUDY FOR FERROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Bi(0.9)Ho(0.1)FeO(3)
- 2008
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 SYMPOSIUM ON PIEZOELECTRICITY, ACOUSTIC WAVES AND DEVICE APPLICATIONS. - : IEEE. - 9781424428915 ; , s. 557-560
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bi(0.9)Ho(0.1)FeO(3) ceramic is prepared by sol-gel method. We investigated the effect of Ho element doping in the BiFeO(3). We studied the microstructure, morphology and ferromagnetism for Bi(0.9)Ho(0.1)FeO(3) ceramic by XRD, SEM and SQUID. It shows that Bi(0.9)Ho(0.1)FeO(3) ceramic exhibits single phase of perovskite structure. The c/a rate is elevated from 1 to 1.009 with respect to BiFeO(3). The grains of Bi(0.9)Ho(0.1)FeO(3) ceramic shrink sharply compared with the ones of BiFeO(3) ceramic, which is beneficial to the connection between grains and the density. Bi(0.9)Ho(0.1)FeO(3) ceramic exhibits obvious ferromagnetism while BiFeO(3) ceramic does not possess the macroscopic ferromagnetism at the RT. The magnetization sinks in the horizontal direction near the zero magnetic field. It indicates that Bi(0.9)Ho(0.1)FeO(3) ceramics do not only show obvious ferromagnetism, but also could exhibit lower magnetic hysteresis loss.
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| 28. |
- Zhang, Huan, et al.
(författare)
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Life-history traits buffer against heat wave effects on predator-prey dynamics in zooplankton
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : WILEY. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 24:10, s. 4747-4757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to an increase in mean temperature, extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity with climate change, which are likely to affect organism interactions, seasonal succession, and resting stage recruitment patterns in terrestrial as well as in aquatic ecosystems. For example, freshwater zooplankton with different life-history strategies, such as sexual or parthenogenetic reproduction, may respond differently to increased mean temperatures and rapid temperature fluctuations. Therefore, we conducted a long-term (18months) mesocosm experiment where we evaluated the effects of increased mean temperature (4 degrees C) and an identical energy input but delivered through temperature fluctuations, i.e., as heat waves. We show that different rotifer prey species have specific temperature requirements and use limited and species-specific temperature windows for recruiting from the sediment. On the contrary, co-occurring predatory cyclopoid copepods recruit from adult or subadult resting stages and are therefore able to respond to short-term temperature fluctuations. Hence, these different life-history strategies affect the interactions between cyclopoid copepods and rotifers by reducing the risk of a temporal mismatch in predator-prey dynamics in a climate change scenario. Thus, we conclude that predatory cyclopoid copepods with long generation time are likely to benefit from heat waves since they rapidly wake up even at short temperature elevations and thereby suppress fast reproducing prey populations, such as rotifers. In a broader perspective, our findings suggest that differences in life-history traits will affect predator-prey interactions, and thereby alter community dynamics, in a future climate change scenario.
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| 29. |
- Zhu, Huilin, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity of children with autism spectrum disorder : evidence from functional near infrared spectroscopy studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biomedical Optics Express. - 2156-7085. ; 5:4, s. 1262-1274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder, which has been associated with atypical neural synchronization. In this study, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to study the differences in functional connectivity in bilateral inferior frontal cortices (IFC) and bilateral temporal cortices (TC) between ASD and typically developing (TD) children between 8 and 11 years of age. As the first report of fNIRS study on the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in children with ASD, ten children with ASD and ten TD children were recruited in this study for 8 minute resting state measurement. Compared to TD children, children with ASD showed reduced interhemispheric connectivity in TC. Children with ASD also showed significantly lower local connectivity in bilateral temporal cortices. In contrast to TD children, children with ASD did not show typical patterns of symmetry in functional connectivity in temporal cortex. These results support the feasibility of using the fNIRS method to assess atypical functional connectivity of cortical responses of ASD and its potential application in diagnosis.
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