| 1. |
- Hedén, Ida, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary replacement of fishmeal with marine proteins recovered from shrimp and herring process waters promising in Atlantic salmon aquaculture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - 0044-8486. ; 574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a general agreement that fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) are valuable resources for aquafeed, but that the production cannot keep the same pace as the current growth of the aquaculture industry. Therefore, there is a need to find alternative sources for lipids and protein. This study examines the possibility of using proteins recovered from seafood industry side stream waters as a complement to FM in feed for Atlantic salmon. To recover the proteins, herring and shrimp process side streams waters were flocculated then treated with dissolved air flotation (DAF), which is considered a gentle technology. Shrimp steam water was used to obtain shrimp protein (SP) and herring salt brine to obtain herring protein (HP). The recovered semi-solid protein fraction was spray dried and formulated into experimental diets at inclusion levels of 1.9–10% (dw/dw). Two feeding trials were conducted to investigate; 1) the properties of different flocculants to recover SP from shrimp steam water, alginate (Alg; 1.9% inclusion), carrageenan (Carr; 2.0% inclusion) and a synthetic flocculant from Kemira (Kem; 3.8% inclusion). 2) total or partial replacement of FM with SP-Alg (10% and no FM) and HP-Alg (3% and 8% FM). For both feeding trials each diet was provided to triplicate tanks (n = 31 and 30/tank) of Atlantic salmon with a start weight of 193 g (duration 10 weeks) and 304 g (duration 7 weeks) respectively. All fish showed similar feed intake, feed conversion ratio (on tank basis) and weight gain. The inclusion of SP or HP as total or partial replacement of FM did neither influence adiposity of the fish, as measured by condition factor, nor heposomatic index (HSI). No negative effect of the alternative protein could be found through histological examination of the intestine. In feeding trial two, diets did not affect the adaptive immune indicators CD8α and MHC II. The SP-Alg diet did not affect intestinal barrier and transporting functions, assessed using Ussing-chamber technology. However, HP-Alg affected the trans-epithelial resistance, which indicate that the intestinal barrier function could be affected by low inclusions. We conclude that from a biological perspective, SP recovered from shrimp steaming waters using Alg and DAF technology represents a new marine biomass with potential as a replacement for FM in Atlantic salmon feed. To diversify the possibility of using flocculants to retrieve proteins we also suggest further investigation of the potential to use Carr in larger inclusions.
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| 2. |
- Hedén, Ida, 1984
(författare)
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Integrative physiology as a tool towards good animal welfare and sustainability in aquaculture: Focus on intestinal function and health
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The human population is growing, and the world’s leaders are trying to provide humans with food resources and at the same time setting goals promoting sustainable food production. This means that we need to find new food sources that are not in conflict with future generations’ right to a world without hunger and environmental destruction. We need to move away from traditional linear economy take, make, consume, and dispose and work towards circular economy where waste becomes resources. Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production industry in the world. 70 % of the earth’s surface consist of oceans and only a fraction is used for marine aquaculture. Therefore, marine aquaculture has potential for increasing the world food production. However, aquaculture like all industrial food productions has an environmental footprint and animals produced for food consumption should be treated according to animal welfare guidelines. In the current thesis we use several integrative physiological measurements to work towards sustainable food production without compromising animal welfare. There are many ways to achieve sustainability in aquaculture and not all are within the scope of this thesis. One of the unsustainable targets is feed production and optimal nutrient uptake. Feed carries the largest environmental impact. If there is a gap between the amount of feed given to the fish and how much that is converted into growth it will be reflected in profitability. Protein is the most important macronutrient for fish growth and normal body function. Fishmeal is considered the golden standard in animal feed but has its limitations and cannot increase in the same pace as the growth of the aquaculture industry. Vegetable sources has largely replaced fishmeal, but they also have their down sides because of incorrect nutritional profile and content of fibers and anti-nutritional factors. This has promoted the search for alternative protein ingredients that have equal qualities to fishmeal. In paper I we examined the dietary replacement of fishmeal with a shrimp and herring protein recovered from industry side-stream waters in feed for Atlantic salmon. We found that these proteins can be used as alternative ingredients in fish feed without compromising fish welfare based on the biological assessment using several indicators of intestinal and physiological impairment. These new ingredients can therefore be a sustainable alternative protein in fish feed contribute to circular economy where a previously wasted product becomes a resource. In paper II we investigate the mechanisms driving the intestinal amino acid transport in salmonids. The information found can contribute with some important basic knowledge that can be used in fish nutrition. Another way to achieve sustainability on a local scale is to secure the local food production and increase the number of species cultured through so called diversification. In this thesis we explore the basic physiological functions in Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) that has been proposed as a new species for Swedish aquaculture because it is a native species with good temperament and high-quality meat. In paper III we found that Atlantic wolffish is a stress-tolerant fish with little detrimental effect on several welfare indicators after an acute stress treatment in form of air exposure and chasing. This is probably an attribute to its calm and docile behavior. Paper IV investigated the basic intestinal characteristics and paper V investigated the digestive capacity and nutrient uptake in Atlantic wolffish fed either in the morning or evening. Our data on intestinal morphology and functions revealed that Atlantic wolffish has interesting features such as higher methionine transport and lower resistance and high digestive enzyme activity in the distal intestine. These are characteristics for a nutrient transporting epithelium normally found in the proximal region of fish. Further, there was a difference in digestive capacity between the different regions. The research also shows that the plasma concentration of nutrients differs between fish fed at different time points. This information can be used for further studies when optimizing the feeding regimes for Atlantic wolffish.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hedén, Ida, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The role of environmental salinity on Na+-dependent intestinal amino acid uptake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Na+/K+-ATPases (NKA) in the basolateral membrane of the intestinal enterocytes create a Na+-gradient that drives both ion-coupled fluid uptake and nutrient transport. Being dependent on the same gradient as well as on the environmental salinity, these processes have the potential to affect each other. In salmonids, L-lysine absorption has been shown to be higher in freshwater (FW) than in seawater (SW) acclimated fish. Using electrophysiology (Ussing chamber technique), the aim was to explore if the decrease in L-lysine transport was due to allocation of the Na+-gradient towards ion-driven fluid uptake in SW, at the cost of amino acid transport. Intestinal NKA activity was higher in SW compared to FW fish. Exposure to ouabain, an inhibitor of NKA, decreased L-lysine transport. However, exposure to bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide, inhibitors of Na+, K+, 2Cl−-co-transporter (NKCC) and Na+, Cl−-co-transporter (NCC) respectively, did not affect the rate of intestinal L-lysine transport. In conclusion, L-lysine transport is Na+-dependent in rainbow trout and the NKA activity and thus the available Na+-gradient increases after SW acclimation. This increased Na+-gradient is most likely directed towards osmoregulation, as amino acid transport is not compromised in SW acclimated fish.
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| 5. |
- Hinchcliffe, James, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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High protein requirements of juvenile Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus: Effects of dietary protein levels on growth, health, and welfare
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimal dietary protein requirement and the effect of varying protein levels on the growth and health of juvenile, wild-caught Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus, a promising candidate for cold-water aquaculture diversification. Six iso-energetic (ca. 18.3 MJ kg(-1)), fish meal-based experimental diets were formulated with crude protein levels ranging from 35% to 60%, with graded increments of 5% in a 12-week feeding trial in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (K) were evaluated in response to dietary protein levels. Liver, muscle, and blood parameters were assessed for possible changes in protein and lipid metabolism and welfare. Overall growth was highly variable throughout the experiment on all diets, as expected for a wild population. The feed with highest in protein (60%) inclusion resulted in the highest growth rates, with an average weight gain of 37.4% +/- 33.8% and an SGR of 0.31% +/- 0.2% day-1. This was closely followed by feeds with 55% and 50% protein inclusion with an average weight gain of 22.9% +/- 34.8% and 28.5% +/- 38.3%, respectively, and an SGR of 0.18% +/- 0.3% day(-1 )and 0.22% +/- 0.3% day(-1), respectively. Fish fed the high protein diets generally had increased hepatic lipid deposition (17%-18%) and reduced free fatty acid levels (3.1-6.8 mu mol L-1) in the plasma relative to fish that were fed the lower protein diets (35%-45%). No effects of diet were found on plasma protein levels or muscle protein content. Furthermore, stress parameters such as plasma cortisol and glucose levels were unaffected by diet, as were plasma ghrelin levels. Overall, these results suggest that a high protein inclusion in the diet for Atlantic wolffish is required to sustain growth with a minimum protein level of 50%.
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| 6. |
- Kleye, Ida
(författare)
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Barncentrerad vård vid nålprocedurer : Betydelsen av att möta barns rädsla och smärta
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Children report needle procedures as the worst source of fear and pain during hospital care and treatment. How children communicate their fear and pain varies, which can be challenging for nurses to understand and meet. Nurses need to be able to recognize and acknowledge children’s emotions for needle procedures to be child centered. Aim: To explore the effects of a child centered intervention on fear and pain during needle procedures. Methods: Four studies combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, with boys and girls aged 4 – 12 years old undergoing a needle procedure, were conducted. Study I explored child-identified strategies used to manage fear and pain in hospital, with data collected through semi-structured interviews. Data through observations from video recordings were used in Study II to explore children’s expressions of emotional cues and concerns, and nurses’ response to these expressions. To examine whether children experience less fear and pain when receiving standard care with the addition of the intervention iCC compared with the experience of standard care only, self-reported fear and pain before and immediately after a needle procedure were conducted in study III. To further evaluate the effect of the intervention, time required for the procedure, heart rate, success rate for the procedure, behavioral observations, and patient preference to undergo the needle procedure in the same way again, were collected. Study IV evaluated child-nurse emotional communication when using a child centered intervention versus a control group. Data collection consisted of video-observations. Main results: The opportunity to choose strategy themselves was particularly supportive to children. Unpleasant emotions were commonly expressed through non-verbal communication, but seldom acknowledged by nurses. Less fear and pain were observed in the intervention group and less time required performing the needle procedure. Most children using iCC intervention were positive to the possibility of undergoing a needle procedure in the same way again in the future. Nurses using the intervention acknowledged the child’s expressed unpleasant emotions to a greater extent. Conclusion: Approaching children as active and competent actors during needle procedures contributes positively to nurses’ involvement, to the time a needle procedure takes, and to children’s experiences and emotional state.
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| 7. |
- Kleye, Ida, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Children's communication of emotional cues and concerns during a preoperative needle procedure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 105:6, s. 1518-1523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThis study explores children’s expressions of emotional cues and concerns during needle procedures, nurses’ responses and findings in relation to children’s age and sex.MethodsTwenty-six children aged 6–12 years were video recorded during a preoperative needle procedure. Emotional communication was analyzed using Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences.ResultsA total of 111 cues or concerns were identified in the observed needle procedures, with a distribution of 77 cues and 34 concerns. A majority of children (85%) expressed emotional cues through non-verbal communication. No differences between child age or sex related to expressed emotion were found. The child elicited the communicated emotion in 98% of sequences. Nurses' responses were coded as not providing space for communication in 75% of sequences.ConclusionChildren are capable of expressing their emotional distress, primarily non-verbally, during needle procedures. A child showing less overt expressions during a needle procedure does not necessarily experience less fear or pain. The nurses’ communication focused on practical information during the needle procedure, with less attention to the child’s distress.Practice implicationsNurses need to develop strategies to be aware of emotions the child communicates before, during and after a needle procedure.
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| 8. |
- Kleye, Ida, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Children's individual voices are required for adequate management of fear and pain during hospital care and treatment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 35:2, s. 530-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children often report both fear and pain in conjunction with clinical care and treatment. Interventions developed in the field have still not been sufficient to prevent and relieve children’s fear and pain. More knowledge, from children’s own perspectives, is needed about how they deal with their experiences.Aim: To explore child-identified strategies that children use to manage fear and pain during needle-related medical procedures in hospital.Methods: Interviews with children, age 4–12 years, with experience of hospital care were analysed qualitatively using content analysis.Results: Children have self-identified strategies for dealing with fear and pain during hospital care and treatment. The strategies vary depending on examination or treatment and on how the child felt at that particular day. Children describe what they can do themselves, how adults can empower them and support from surroundings as strategies that give them a choice and a voice. Children wished to have influence, decide when and how information should be given, scream out loud or squeeze something hard, to deal with fear and pain. The results also show that children tried to be brave, gain control and think positively. Something nice to look at and opportunities to play with others also contributed.Conclusions: Strategies vary between children and are used differently on different occasions. Healthcare professionals pose a threat to the child’s needs and ability to use their strategies due to lack of knowledge of the child’s chosen strategies.
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| 9. |
- Kleye, Ida, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Positive effects of a child‐centered intervention on children's fear and pain during needle procedures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Paediatric and Neonatal Pain. - : Wiley. - 2637-3807 .- 2637-3807. ; 5:1, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine whether children experience less fear or pain using a child-centered intervention and if there were differences between the intervention group and the control group regarding heart rate, time required for the procedure, success rate for the cannula insertion, and patient satisfaction. A controlled single-center case study of observational design, with one control and one intervention group. Child self-reported fear or pain levels did not reveal any differences for those receiving the intervention compared with controls. However, according to a behavioral observation measure with the Procedure Behavior Check List, effects of the intervention were lower distress in relation to fear and pain during the cannula insertion. The time it took to perform the cannula insertion also decreased significantly in the intervention group. More children in the intervention group reported that they were satisfied with the needle procedure compared with the children in the control group. The child-centered intervention provides reduced observed distress related to fear and pain in children undergoing a cannula insertion and reduced total time by more than 50%. This study found that child involvement in care strengthen their ability to manage a needle procedure.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Perello-Amoros, M., et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin and Its Receptors in Gilthead Sea Bream: Nutritional Regulation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of growth in vertebrates through controlling different functions, such as feed intake, metabolism, intestinal activity or growth hormone (Gh) secretion. The aim of this work was to identify the sequences of preproghrelin and Ghrelin receptors (ghsrs), and to study their responses to different nutritional conditions in gilthead sea bream {Sparus aurata) juveniles. The structure and phylogeny of S. aurata preproghrelin was analyzed, and a tissue screening was performed. The effects of 21 days of fasting and 2, 5, 24h, and 7 days of refeeding on plasma levels of Ghrelin, Gh and Igf-1, and the gene expression of preproghrelin, ghsrs and members of the Gh/Igf-1 system were determined in key tissues. preproghrelin and the receptors are well conserved, being expressed mainly in stomach, and in the pituitary and brain, respectively. Twenty-one days of fasting resulted in a decrease in growth while Ghrelin plasma levels were elevated to decrease at 5h post-prandial when pituitary ghsrs expression was minimum. Gh in plasma increased during fasting and slowly felt upon refeeding, while plasma Igf-1 showed an inverse profile. Pituitary gh expression augmented during fasting reaching maximum levels at 1 day post-feeding while liver igf-1 expression and that of its splice variants decreased to lowest levels. Liver Gh receptors expression was down-regulated during fasting and recovered after refeeding. This study demonstrates the important role of Ghrelin during fasting, its acute down-regulation in the post-prandial stage and its interaction with pituitary Ghsrs and Gh/Igf-1 axis.
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