| 1. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Article sex pheromone of the introduced pine sawfly, diprion similis, revisited to define a useful monitoring lure : Deviating chiral composition and behavioural responses compared to earlier reports
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Insects. - : MDPI. - 2075-4450. ; 12:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracts of Diprion similis females contained about 15 ng of the sex pheromone precursor 3,7‐dimethylpentadecan‐2‐ol per female. After derivatisation with (S)‐2‐acetoxypropanoyl chloride, we found that the major stereoisomer in the extract was (2S,3R,7R)‐3,7‐dimethylpentadecan‐2‐ol. Small amounts of other stereoisomers of 3,7‐dimethylpentadecan‐2‐ol were also identified in the extract, namely 1% of (2R,3S,7S), 0.3% (2R,3R,7R) and 0.4% of (2R,3R,7S). An unknown fifth substance showed a very similar spectrum to 3,7‐dimethylpentadecan‐2‐ol, both in SIM and full scan mode. None of the earlier suggested behavioural synergistic isomers ((2S,3S,7S), (2S,3S,7R) and (2S,3R,7S)) were detected in the extracts. In field tests in Ontario, Canada, the earlier identified main pheromone component, viz. the propanoate of (2S,3R,7R)‐3,7‐dimethylpentadecan‐2‐ol, was tested alone and in combination with other stereoisomers, earlier reported to be synergistic. No synergistic effects were detected and the threo four‐isomer blend was as attractive as the pure main compound. Thus, one of the few examples of a diprionid sawfly using more than one substance in its sex pheromone could not be confirmed. The results also suggest that monitoring programs can use the more easily synthesized threo‐blend without losing efficiency. Furthermore, the study suggests that other diprionid pheromones may benefit from a reinvestigation, to clarify possible synergistic effects of stereoisomers.
|
|
| 2. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Attraction of Male Pine Sawflies, Diprion jingyuanensis, to Synthetic Pheromone Candidates: Synergism between Two Stereoisomers
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 14:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pine sawfly Diprion jingyuanensis Xiao and Zhang (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) is a serious pest of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in the Shanxi, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia provinces in P. R. China. The sex pheromone of D. jingyuanensis was shown to be the propionate ester of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol. Virgin females contained an approximate 1:3 blend of the pheromone precursors erythro-(2S,3S,7R/S and 2R,3R,7R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol and threo-(2S,3R,7R/S and 2R,3S,7R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, but the exact stereoisomers were not determined. Males responded the strongest to the propionate ester of the two threo-isomers, (2S,3R,7R) and (2S,3R,7S), in electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, followed by a significant EAG response to the (2S,3R,7R) propionate of diprionol (pheromone component of D. similis), whereas the remaining two isomers (2S,3S,7S and 2S,3S,7R) of the propionate ester of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol and the acetate of the (2S,3R,7R) isomer (one of the two pheromone components of D. pini) did not elicit any significant increase in antennal response. In the field, the strongly EAG-active (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone was only weakly (but significantly) attractive to D. jingyuanensis males at 100 & mu;g, while the equally EAG- active (2S,3R,7S)-isomer alone at the same loading was 8-14 times more attractive than was the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone. Traps baited with the same amounts of the two threo-isomers ((2S,3R,7R) and (2S,3R,7S), 100 & mu;g + 100 & mu;g) caught significantly more males than did traps baited with other isomers, either of the two isomers alone or other proportions of the two isomers. Thus, the (2S,3R,7S)-isomer is considered as a strong and essential sex-attractant component for D. jingyuanensis males, whereas the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer is a weak but synergistic sex-attractant. This is one of the few examples of a pine sawfly responding significantly stronger to a binary blend of stereoisomers in a synergistic fashion than to a single stereoisomer alone.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Field Response of Male Pine Sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Diprionidae), to Sex Pheromone Analogs in Japan and Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 36:9, s. 969-977
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) uses the acetate or propionate of (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) as pheromone components, with the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer being antagonistic, synergistic, or inactive according to the population tested. In this study, we tested the attraction of males to the acetates of three analogs of diprionol, each missing one methyl group, viz. (2S,7S)-7-methyl-2-pentadecanol, (2S,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-1-tetradecanol, and (2S,3S)-3-methyl-2-pentadecanol. None of the analogs alone, or in combination with diprionol acetate, was attractive in Sweden, even at 100 times the amount of diprionol acetate attractive to N. sertifer. In Japan, the acetate of (2S,3S)-3-methyl-2-pentadecanol attracted males when tested in amounts 10–20 times higher than the acetate pheromone component. The acetate esters of the (2S,3R)-analog and the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of diprionol also were tested in combination with the pheromone compound (acetate ester). Both compounds caused an almost total trap-catch reduction in Sweden, whereas in Japan they appear to have relatively little effect on trap capture when added to diprionol acetate. Butyrate and iso-butyrate esters of diprionol were unattractive to N. sertifer in Sweden. In summary, there exists geographic variation in N. sertifer in responses to both diprionyl acetate and some of its analogs.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Geographic variation in the field response of male European pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer , to different pheromone stereoisomers and esters
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 95:3, s. 229-239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), is a widespread and economically important forest insect. The sex pheromone communication system of this species has been previously investigated in North America, Japan and Europe, with the acetate or propionate of the alcohol (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) shown to be the main pheromone component. In some locations, male attraction either increased or decreased by the addition of the (2S,3R,7R)-diprionyl acetate isomer. However, these studies were made with different batches of synthetic pheromones, with different types of traps and according to different procedures, so the observed differences might not reflect true geographic variation. Here we investigate the geographic pattern of male sawfly response by using identical chemicals, traps and experimental procedures at eight field sites ranging from Japan in the east to Canada in the west. We found an increased inhibitory effect of the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer from Japan and Siberia to Europe. At the eastern sites, increasing amounts of the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer up to and equal to the amount of the (2S,3S,7S )-isomer, did not influence the trap catch, whereas at sites in Europe, as little as 1% of the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer almost completely inhibited the attraction. The response of the North American population was intermediate. The only site in which the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer was essential for the attraction of males was in Siberia. A similar pattern was found for the (2S,3R,7S)-isomer. Both the acetate and the propionate form of the (2S,3S,7S)-isomer were attractive by themselves in Japan, Europe and North America, and neither the (2S,3R,7S)-isomer nor the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone were attractive, in the acetate or propionate form. We discuss the significance of our findings for the development of more efficient monitoring schemes and for the causes of population divergence and speciation in the European pine sawfly.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Pheromone mating disruption of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer : is the size of the treated area important?
- 2002
-
Ingår i: IOBC/WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 25:9, s. 111-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Few attempts to control forest insects by means of pheromone mating disruption have been reported. The first such experiments with the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), resulted in nearly complete trap catch reduction, but no effects on population density or sex ratio were noted. Unmated females lay eggs, which develop into males only. Therefore, if mating disruption would be successful, a more male-biased sex ratio is expected the next generation. One possible explanation for the early results is that mated females disperse into the treated area, and thus obscure the effects of the treatment. In order to reduce the effect of such immigrating females, the treated area was increased in the experiment described here from the earlier used 0.5 – 4 ha to 25 ha. The acetate of erythro-3,7-dimethyl-2- pentadecanol was used for disruption and released from dispensers every 10 m. The influence on male orientation was monitored by pheromone traps, baited with the acetate of (2S,3S,7S)-3,7- dimethyl-2-pentadeanol and placed at 100 m interval along two perpendicular, 1500 m lines intersecting the treated area. The trap catch reduction was near 100% during the first month, but then declined to around 90% during the second month. Mating frequencies were checked by comparing the sex ratio of the next generation from within and outside the treatment area. No effect of the treatment on the sex ratio was detected, and the frequency of mated females could be assumed to be independent of treatment. Alternative hypotheses to explain the failure of pheromone mating disruption in N. sertifer are discussed.
|
|
| 11. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Release of sex pheromone and its precursors in the pine sawfly Diprion pini (Hym., Diprionidae)
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Chemoecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 15:3, s. 147-151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well as solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by analysis employing gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed an unusual system in Diprion pini, in which the pheromone precursor alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, is released together with acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids. The corresponding acetate, propionate and butyrate esters of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were also found in the samples. All esters were electrophysiologically active, and the propionate and isobutyrate were attractive in trapping experiments. Based on these and earlier reported results, it seems that at least in part of its range, the pheromone response of D. pini is not very specific with regard to the functional group, as long as this is an ester.
|
|
| 12. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex Pheromone of the Introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion similis (Diprionidae), Revisited: No Activity of Earlier Reported Synergists
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Extracts of Diprion similis females were found to contain about 15 ng of the sex pheromone precursor 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol per female. When analysing the extracts after derivatisation with (2S)-2-acetoxypropionyl chloride, we found that the major stereoisomer in the extract was (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol. Also other stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in the extract namely, 1% of (2R,3S,7S) , 0.3% (2R,3R,7R) and 0.4% of (2R,3R,7S). An unknown fifth substance showed an identical spectrum to 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol, both in SIM and full scan mode. In field tests in Ontario, Canada, the earlier identified main pheromone component, viz. the propanoate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol, was tested alone and in combination with other stereoisomers, earlier reported to be synergistic. In none of the tests were any synergistic effects detected and the threo four-isomer blend was as attractive as the pure main compound. Thus, one of the few examples of a diprionid sawfly using more than one substance in its sex pheromone could not be confirmed. The results also suggest that monitoring programs can use the more easily synthesized threo-blend without losing efficiency.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa, et al.
(författare)
-
Interval training compared with continuous training in patients with COPD
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:6, s. 1196-1204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the effects of interval training (3-min intervals) with continuous training on peak exercise capacity (W peak), physiological response, functional capacity, dyspnoea, mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate or severe COPD. Sixty patients exercised twice weekly for 16 weeks after randomisation to interval- or continuous training. Target intensity was 80% of baseline W peak in the interval group (I-group) and 65% in the continuous group (C-group). Patients were tested by spirometry, ergometer cycle test, cardiopulmonary test and a 12 min walk test. Dyspnoea was measured by the dyspnoea scale from Chronic Obstructive Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ), mental health by Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) and HRQoL by the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36). After training, W peak, peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO2 peak) increased significantly in both groups, no significant differences between the groups. Minute ventilation (VE peak) increased only in the C-group. At identical work rates (isotime) VO2, VCO2 and VE were significantly more decreased in the I-group than in the C-group (p<0.05). Functional capacity, dyspnoea, mental health, and HRQoL improved significantly in both groups, no difference between the groups. Interval training and continuous training were equally potent in improving peak exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, dyspnoea, mental health and HRQoL in patients with moderate or severe COPD. At isotime, the physiological response to training differed between the groups, in favour of the interval training.
|
|
| 15. |
- Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa, et al.
(författare)
-
Peak exercise capacity estimated from incremental shuttle walking test in patients with COPD: A methodological study
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 7, s. 127-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In patients with COPD, both laboratory exercise tests and field walking tests are used to assess physical performance. In laboratory tests, peak exercise capacity in watts ( W peak) and/or peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) are assessed, whereas the performance on walking tests usually is expressed as distance walked. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between an incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) and two laboratory cycle tests in order to assess whether W peak could be estimated from an ISWT.Methods: Ninety-three patients with moderate or severe COPD performed an ISWT, an incremental cycle test (ICT) to measure W peak and a semi-steady-state cycle test with breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis (CPET) to measure VO2 peak. Routine equations for conversion between cycle tests were used to estimate W peak from measured VO2 peak (CPET). Conversion equation for estimation of W peak from ISWT was found by univariate regression.Results: There was a significant correlation between W peak and distance walked on ISWT x body weight (r=0.88, p<0.0001). The agreement between W peak measured by ICT and estimated from ISWT was similar to the agreement between measured W peak (ICT) and W peak estimated from measured VO2 peak by CPET.Conclusion: Peak exercise capacity measured by an incremental cycle test could be estimated from an ISWT with similar accuracy as when estimated from peak oxygen uptake in patients with COPD.
|
|
| 16. |
- Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa, 1963-
(författare)
-
Physical Training and Testing in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aims of the studies were to investigate the effects of different training modalities on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate or severe COPD and, further, to explore two of the physical tests used in pulmonary rehabilitation.In study I, the 12-minute walking distance (12MWD) did not increase on retesting in patients with exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) whereas 12MWD increased significantly on retesting in the non-EIH patients. In study II, we found that the incremental shuttle walking test was as good a predictor of peak exercise capacity (W peak) as peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) is. In study III, we investigated the effects of two different combination training programmes when training twice a week for eight weeks. One programme was mainly based on endurance training (group A) and the other on resistance training and callisthenics (group B). W peak and 12MWD increased in group A but not in group B. HRQoL, anxiety and depression were unchanged in both groups. Ratings of perceived exertion at rest were significantly lower in group A than in group B after training and during 12 months of follow-up. Twelve months post-training, 12MWD was back to baseline in group A, but significantly shorter than at baseline in group B. Thus, a short endurance training intervention delayed decline in 12MWD for at least one year. Patients with moderate and severe COPD responded to training in the same way. In study IV, both interval and continuous endurance training increased W peak, VO2 peak, peak exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO2 peak) and 12MWD. Likewise, HRQoL, dyspnoea during activities of daily life, anxiety and depression improved similarly in both groups. At a fixed, submaximal workload (isotime), the interval training reduced oxygen cost and ventilatory demand significantly more than the continuous training did.
|
|
| 17. |
- Arne, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
How often is diagnosis of COPD confirmed with spirometry?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 104:4, s. 550-556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diagnosis is customarily confirmed with spirometry, but there are few studies on documented spirometry use in everyday clinical practice. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey and study of the medical records of primary and secondary care COPD patients aged 18-75 in a Swedish region, patients with COPD were randomly selected from the registers of 56 primary care centres and 14 hospital outpatient clinics. Spirometry data at diagnosis ±6 months were analyzed. Results: From 1,114 patients with COPD, 533 with a new diagnosis of COPD during the four-year study period were identified. In 59% (n=316), spirometry data in connection with diagnosis were found in the medical records. Spirometry data with post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/ vital capacity (VC) ratios were available in 45% (n=241). FEV1/VC ratio <0.70 were found in 160 patients, which corresponds to 30% of the patients with a new diagnosis. Lower age, female gender, current smoking, higher body mass index (BMI) and shorter forced exhalation time were related to COPD diagnosis despite an FEV1/VC ratio of ≥0.70. The most common problem in the quality assessment was an insufficient exhalation time. Conclusions: Only a third of Swedish patients with COPD had their diagnosis confirmed with spirometry. Our data indicate that female gender, current smoking, higher BMI and short exhalation time increase the risk of being diagnosed with COPD without fulfilling the spirometric criteria for the disease.
|
|
| 18. |
- Bekhali, Zakaria, et al.
(författare)
-
Large Buffering Effect of the Duodenal Bulb in Duodenal Switch : a Wireless pH-Metric Study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 27:7, s. 1867-1871
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bariatric procedures result in massive weight loss, however, not without side effects. Gastric acid is known to cause marginal ulcers, situated in the small bowel just distal to the upper anastomosis. We have used the wireless BRAVO (TM) system to study the buffering effect of the duodenal bulb in duodenal switch (DS), a procedure in which the gastric sleeve produces a substantial amount of acid. We placed a pre- and a postpyloric pH capsule in 15 DS-patients (seven men, 44 years, BMI 33) under endoscopic guidance and verified the correct location by fluoroscopy. Patients were asked to eat and drink at their leisure, and to register their meals for the next 24 h. All capsules but one could be successfully placed, without complications. Total registration time was 17.2 (1.3-24) hours prepyloric and 23.1 (1.2-24) hours postpyloric, with a corresponding pH of 2.66 (1.74-5.81) and 5.79 (4.75-7.58), p < 0.01. The difference in pH between the two locations was reduced from 3.55 before meals to 1.82 during meals, p < 0.01. Percentage of time with pH < 4 was 70.0 (19.9-92.0) and 13.0 (0.0-34.6) pre and postpylorically, demonstrating a large buffering effect. By this wireless pH-metric technique, we could demonstrate that the duodenal bulb had a large buffering effect, thus counteracting the large amount of gastric acid passing into the small bowel after duodenal switch. This physiologic effect could explain the low incidence of stomal ulcers.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Björnsson, Eyþór, et al.
(författare)
-
Airway hyperresponsiveness, peak flow variability and inflammatory markers in non-asthmatic subjects with respiratory infections
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Wiley. - 1752-6981. ; 1:1, s. 42-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to characterise non-asthmatic subjects with asthma-like symptoms during a common cold, particularly in relation to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Materials and Methods: Subjects with acute respiratory infections and a group of controls (n = 20 + 20), age 20-65 years, underwent bronchial provocations with methacholine, adenosine and cold air. All were non-smokers and had no history of asthma or heart disease. Those with infection had asthma-like symptoms (> , 2). Measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase and human neutrophil lipocalin were made at each provocation. A 17-day symptom and peak flow diary was calculated. Results: No differences between the two groups were found, regarding responsiveness to methacholine, adenosine or cold air challenge, as well as the inflammatory markers measured. In the infected group, the mean (standard deviation) ECP was higher in those with AHR to methacholine or cold air [15.7 (6.5) and 11.4 (4.2) mg/L, respectively; P < , 0.05], furthermore, eNO was higher in the infected group [116 ( 54) and 88 ( 52) nL/min, respectively, P = 0.055]. The infected group had, at all times, more symptoms and higher peak flow, with a decrease in the symptoms (P = 0.02) and a tendency to change in peak flow variation (P = 0.06). Conclusion: AHR does not seem to be the main cause of asthma-like symptoms in adults with infectious wheezing. Peak flow variation and symptom prevalence during the post-infection period may imply airway pathology different from AHR.
|
|
| 25. |
- Bång, Joakim
(författare)
-
Purification, Stereoisomeric Analysis and Quantification of Biologically Active Compounds in Extracts from Pine Sawflies, African Butterflies and Orchid Bees
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stereochemistry plays an important role in nature because biologically important molecules such as amino acids, nucleotides and sugars, only exist in enantiomerically pure forms. Semiochemicals carry messages, between the same species (pheromones) and between different species (allelochemicals). Both pheromones and allelochemicals can be used as environmentally friendly pest management. Many semiochemicals, i.e. behaviour modifying chemicals, consist of pure or well-defined mixtures of stereoisomers, where some of the other stereoisomers can be repellent. It is therefore important to be able to separate them to produce a synthetic pheromone in a mixture that is attractive.Pine sawflies are a family of insects that in some cases can be severe defoliators of conifer trees. Diprion pini, Diprion similis and Neodiprion sertifer are severe pests for these trees and have got the most attention in pine sawfly pheromone studies. The pheromone precursors are stored in the female body as long-chain secondary alcohols, which, when released, are esterified to acetates or propionates. The alcohols are chiral, and normally one of the stereoisomer is the main pheromone component, sometimes possible together with other stereoisomers as essential minor components.Bicyclus is a genus of African butterflies, and especially Bicyclus anynana has become a popular model for the study of life history evolution, morphology, mating choice and genetics. The wing pattern of Bicyclus differs depending on the season, with large eyespots during the rain-season and small or absent spots during the dry season. Euglossa is one of the genera among the orchid bees in the Neotropics that does not produce its own pheromone. Instead, the males collect fragrances from orchids and other sources and store them in a pocket in their hind legs. Both Bicyclus and Euglossa use semiochemicals similar to pine sawflies, and thus can be analysed by the same methods.Pheromones and other semiochemicals in insects are often present in low amounts in a complex matrix, and purification of the sample before chemical analysis is often required. A common method is gradient elution on a solid phase silica column. Separation of stereoisomers can be achieved either by using a column with a chiral stationary phase (CSP) or with pre-column derivatisation using a column with an achiral stationary phase (ASP) or a combination of both, with mass detection as the dominant detection method. The purpose of this work has been to improve the purification method, find suitable methods to separate the stereoisomers of secondary alcohols, and to apply this on extracts of insects.By selecting the right fractions to collect during gradient elution the purification method was optimised. To reduce plasticizer contamination from ordinary columns, solid phase columns of Teflon or glass were used. For pre-column derivatisation of different chiral alcohols various acid chlorides were tested. For the pine sawfly pheromone precursors enantiopure (2S)-2-acetoxypropionyl chloride was the best choice. To separate some of the stereoisomers achiral 2-naphthoyl chloride was used. For derivatisation of 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol (R)-trans-chrysanthemoyl chloride was the best choice. The derivatised alcohols were separated on different columns, both chiral and non-chiral. Varian FactorFour VF-23ms was chosen as a general-purpose column, the Agilent HP-88 column was the best column with an ASP of those tested, and the Chiraldex B-PA column (CSP) was the only one that could separate all eight stereoisomers of derivatised 3,7-dimethylundecan-2-ol, 3,7-dimethyldodecan-2-ol, and 3,7-dimethyltridecan-2-ol.To determine the stereoisomeric purity of standard solutions used in field experiments and extracts of different species of insects the optimised methods were applied. For extracts from B. anynana, Euglossa and Neodiprion lecontei this work describe the first determination of the stereochemistry of some of their semiochemicals.For the determination of the stereochemistry of chiral semiochemicals the methods for purification and separation presented herein have shown to be of great value. The results will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of the communication among insects, and ultimately to a more environmentally friendly pest control.
|
|
| 26. |
- Donoso, Felipe, et al.
(författare)
-
Pulmonary function in children and adolescents after esophageal atresia repair
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 55:1, s. 206-213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionRespiratory morbidity after esophageal atresia (EA) is common. The aims of this study were to assess pulmonary function, to identify risk factors for pulmonary function impairment (PFI), and to investigate the relations between respiratory morbidity, defined as medical treatment for respiratory symptoms or recent pneumonia and PFI after EA repair.Material and MethodsSingle center retrospective observational study including patients with EA who participated in the follow‐up program for 8‐ or 15‐year old patients from 2014 to 2018 and performed pulmonary function testing by body plethysmography, dynamic spirometry, impulse oscillometry, and diffusing capacity of the lungs. Univariate and multiple stepwise logistic regression with PFI as outcome were performed. Anastomotic leak, episodes of general anesthesia, extubation day, birth weight, age at follow up, gross classification, and abnormal reflux index were independent variables.ResultsIn total, 47 patients were included. PFI was found in 19 patients (41%) and 16 out of 19 patients (84%) had an obstructive pattern. Respiratory morbidity was found in 23 (52%, NA = 3) of the patients with no correlation to PFI. Birth weight, age at follow‐up, and episodes of general anesthesia were identified as risk factors for PFI.ConclusionRespiratory morbidity and PFI were common in children and adolescents after EA repair. The major component of PFI was obstruction of the airways. The risk for PFI increased with lower birth weight and older age at follow up. The poor correlation between respiratory morbidity and PFI motivates the need of clinical follow up including pulmonary function tests.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Farkhooy, Amir, et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the association between lung function and exercise capacity in healthy Norwegian men
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Pulmonary Medicine. - 1471-2466. ; 18:118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:It is widely accepted that exercise capacity in healthy individuals is limited by the cardiac function, while the respiratory system is considered oversized. Although there is physiological, age-related decline in both lung function and physical capacity, the association between decline in lung function and decline in exercise capacity is little studied. Therefore, we examined the longitudinal association between lung function indices and exercise capacity, assessed by the total amount of work performed on a standardized incremental test, in a cohort of middle-aged men.METHODS:A total of 745 men between 40 and 59 years were examined using spirometry and standardized bicycle exercise ECG test within "The Oslo Ischemia Study," at two time points: once during 1972-1975, and again, approximately 16 years later, during 1989-1990. The subjects exercise capacity was assessed as physical fitness i.e. the total bicycle work (in Joules) at all workloads divided by bodyweight (in kg).RESULTS:Higher FEV1, FVC and PEF values related to higher physical fitness at both baseline and follow-up (all p values < 0.05). Higher explanatory values were found at follow-up than baseline for FEV1 (r2 = 0.16 vs. r2 = 0.03), FVC (r2 = 0.14 vs. r2 = 0.03) and PEF (r2 = 0.13 vs. r2 = 0.02). No significant correlations were found between decline in physical fitness and declines in FEV1, FVC or PEF.CONCLUSIONS:A weak association between lung function indices and exercise capacity, assessed through physical fitness, was found in middle-aged, healthy men. This association was strengthened with increasing age, suggesting a larger role for lung function in limiting exercise capacity among elderly subjects. However, decline in physical fitness over time was not related to decline in lung function.
|
|
| 29. |
- Farkhooy, Amir, et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity is the strongest lung function predictor of decline in 12 minute-walking distance in COPD : a 5-year follow-up study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: COPD. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1541-2555 .- 1541-2563. ; 12:3, s. 240-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between functional exercise capacity, assessed through standardized 12-minute walk test (12 MWT), and various lung function parameters obtained using spirometry, body plethysmography and diffusing capacity (DLco) measurements in patients with COPD.Methods:Spirometry, body plethysmography and DLco-measurements were performed at baseline in 84 subjects with moderate to very severe COPD and at follow-up visit (n = 34) after 5 years. Functional exercise capacity was determined using standardized 12MWT.Results: Patients were characterized at baseline by FEV1 of 1.2 ± 0.4 L (41 ± 13% predicted), RV of 3.4 ± 1.0 L (187 ± 58% predicted) and DLco of 3.8 ± 1.2 mmol/min/kPa (51 ± 16% predicted). A decrease of 12MWD was found between baseline and follow-up (928 ± 193 m vs. 789 ± 273 m, p < 0.001). DLco and 12MWD at baseline were the only independent predictors of 12MWD at follow-up in a multiple logistic regression model that also included all other lung function parameters, gender, age and BMI. Decline in 12MWD was mainly explained by deterioration in DLco. Furthermore, DLco value at baseline had the highest explanatory value for the loss in 12MWD after 5 years (R2 = 0.18, p = 0.009).Conclusions:In a 5-year longitudinal study, DLco-measurements at baseline were the most important predictors of declining exercise capacity in COPD patients. These results suggest that integration of DLco in the clinical workup provides a more comprehensive assessment in patients with COPD.
|
|
| 30. |
- Farkhooy, Amir, et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity is the Strongest Predictor of Exercise Intolerance in COPD
- 2013
-
Ingår i: COPD. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1541-2555 .- 1541-2563. ; 10:2, s. 180-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exercise intolerance is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is the traditional metric used to define the severity of COPD. However, there is dissociation between FEV1 and exercise capacity in a large proportion of subjects with COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether other lung function parameters have an additive, predictive value for exercise capacity and whether this differs according to the COPD stage. Methods: Spirometry, body plethysmography and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were performed on 88 patients with COPD GOLD stages II-IV. Exercise capacity (EC) was determined in all subjects by symptom-limited, incremental cycle ergometer testing. Results: Significant relationships were found between EC and the majority of lung function parameters. DLCO, FEV1 and inspiratory capacity (IC) were found to be the best predictors of EC in a stepwise regression analysis explaining 72% of EC. These lung function parameters explained 76% of EC in GOLD II, 72% in GOLD III and 40% in GOLD IV. DLCO alone was the best predictor of exercise capacity in all GOLD stages. Conclusions: Diffusing capacity was the strongest predictor of exercise capacity in all subjects. In addition to FEV1, DLCO and IC provided a significantly higher predictive value regarding exercise capacity in COPD patients. This suggests that it is beneficial to add measurements of diffusing capacity and inspiratory capacity when clinically monitoring COPD patients.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Farkhooy, Amir, 1970-
(författare)
-
Lung function in relation to exercise capacity in health and disease
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Exercise capacity (EC) is widely recognized as a strong and independent predictor of mortality and disease progression in various diseases, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that exercise capacity in healthy individuals and in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases is mainly limited by the maximum cardiac output.Objectives: This thesis investigated the impact of different lung function indices on EC in healthy individuals, patients with cardiovascular disease (e.g., pulmonary hypertension (PH)) and patients with pulmonary disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)).Methods: The present thesis is based on cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of patients suffering from COPD, attending pulmonary rehabilitation at Uppsala University Hospital (studies I and II), and healthy men enrolled in the “Oslo ischemia study” (study IV). Study III is a cross-sectional study of patients suffering from PH attending the San Giovanni Battista University Hospital in Turin. EC was assessed using a bicycle ergometer in studies I and IV, with 12-minute walk tests (12MWT) in study II and with 6-minute walk tests (6MWT) in study III. Extensive pulmonary function tests, including diffusing capacity of the lung (DLCO), were performed in studies I-III and dynamic spirometry was used to assess lung function in study IV.Results: DLCO is more closely linked to decreased levels of EC than airway obstruction in COPD patients. Furthermore, the decline in 12MWT over a 5-year period was mainly explained by deterioration in DLCO in COPD patients. Spirometric parameters indicating airway obstruction significantly related to EC and exercise-induced desaturation in PH patients. A significant, but weak association between lung function parameters and EC was found in healthy subjects and this association is strengthened with increasing age.Conclusion: DLCO is the strongest predictor of low EC and EC decline in COPD. In PH, airway obstruction is strongly related to reduced 6MWT. Therefore, extensive analysis of lung function, including measurements of diffusing capacity, along with standard assessment of airway obstruction, gives a more comprehensive assessment of the functional exercise capacity in patients suffering from pulmonary hypertension or COPD. Lung function is also significantly linked to EC even in healthy subjects, lacking evident cardiopulmonary diseases.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Farkhooy, Amir, et al.
(författare)
-
Lung function in relation to six-minute walk test in pulmonary hypertension
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder of the pulmonary circulation,associated with diverse medical conditions. Exercise limitation is the most prominent symptom inPH. Exercise capacity, commonly assessed through a six-minute walk test (6MWT), correlates withboth functional status and survival in PH. Few studies have analysed the relation betweenrespiratory function and exercise limitation. Therefore, we investigated the relationship betweenresting pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and exertional desaturation, assessed through the6MWT, in unselected PH patients.Methods: Fifty consecutive patients with PH diagnosis, referred for pulmonary function testing(lung volume, spirometry, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)) and 6MWT, wererecruited at Molinette University Hospital, Turin.Results: The majority of the patients (54%) had PH due to left heart disease. Airway obstruction(FEV1/VC-ratio < 0.7) was found in 46% of the patients and they performed significantly worse inthe 6MWT than unobstructed patients (307 m vs. 377 m). Patients with PH due to left heartdisease also performed significantly poorer 6MWT when airway obstruction was present (305 mvs. 389 m). Twenty-two patients (44%) presented exertional desaturation upon 6MWT. LowerDLCO divided by the alveolar volume (DLCO/VA), FEV1/VC-ratios and resting PaO2-values weresignificantly correlated with exertional desaturation after adjustments for age, sex, BMI, andsmoking habits. DLCO/VA was the main determinant of exertional desaturation in a stepwiseregression model.Conclusions: Spirometric parameters of airway obstruction were related to walk distance andexercise-induced desaturation in PH patients. This suggests a place for spirometry in clinicalmonitoring of PH patients.
|
|
| 35. |
- Frisk, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
A longitudinal study of pulmonary function after stem cell transplantation, from childhood to young adulthood
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Blood & Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1545-5009 .- 1545-5017. ; 58:5, s. 775-779
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Impairment of pulmonary function after stem cell transplantation (SCT) in childhood has been reported before. However, long-term longitudinal studies are scarce. Procedure. We measured lung volumes and performed dynamic spirometry serially in 18 patients after SCT. At the last investigation, a median of 18.2 years after SCT, the patients were compared with 18 matched controls. The diffusing capacity (DLCO) was only compared cross-sectionally. Results. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of restrictive lung disease (RLD, total lung capacity <80% of that predicted) from 7% (1/14) before SCT to 28% (5/18) 5 years after SCT, and 61% (11/18) a median of 18.2 years after SCT (P = 0.002). In comparison, none of the controls had RLD (61% vs. 0%, P = 0.001). Before SCT, no patient had obstructive lung disease (OLD, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/vital capacity < 70). OLD was found in one of 18 patients (6%) 5 years after SCT but in none of the patients a median of 18.2 years after SCT. Three of the controls had OLD (P = 0.25). Eleven patients had diffusion impairment (DLCO < 80% of that predicted), as opposed to none of the controls (P = 0.001). The DLCO corrected for alveolar volume was decreased in only two patients. Conclusion. We documented an increase in the prevalence of RLD, but not of OLD, after SCT. At the last investigation, only two patients had diffusion impairment after correction for alveolar volume.
|
|
| 36. |
- Frisk, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Pulmonary function after autologous bone marrow transplantation in children : a long-term prospective study
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Bone Marrow Transplantation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3369 .- 1476-5365. ; 33, s. 645-650
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed serial pulmonary function tests (PFTs) consisting of spirometry and diffusing capacity in 26 children after BMT. The median follow-up was 10 years. The influence of total body irradiation (TBI) on long-term pulmonary function was of particular interest. In the 20 children who had received TBI, after an initial decrease the PFTs showed recovery, but the mean lung volumes were still significantly decreased 5 years after BMT at 10% below baseline. The proportions of children with restrictive impairment 5 and 10 years after BMT were 20 and 21%, respectively. Only one child was diagnosed with obstructive impairment. The proportions of children with isolated diffusing impairment at 5 and 10 years were 7/20 (35%) and 7/13 (54%), respectively. Six children had received chemotherapy only and showed isolated diffusing impairment as the only long-term sequela in 4/5 and 1/3 at 5 and 10 years. Our main finding was that there was little change in PFTs 1–10 years after BMT. TBI was associated with persistently decreased lung volumes in a proportion of patients, whereas chemotherapy also might have been of importance for the development of impaired gas exchange.
|
|
| 37. |
- Genberg, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiac Function After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation : An Echocardiographic Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults Treated in Childhood
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Blood & Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1545-5009 .- 1545-5017. ; 62:1, s. 143-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) including preparative regimens with chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) is an accepted treatment for many malignant disorders but may have side-effects for several organs, including the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to study very long-term consequences on cardiac function after childhood HCT. ProcedureCardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography and levels of NT-proBNP and growth hormone (GHmax) in 18 patients, at a median of 18 years after HCT including TBI, and in 18 matched controls. ResultsPatients after HCT had cardiac dimensions, volumes, and left ventricular ejection fractions within normal range after correction for body size. However, compared with the control group, patients after HCT had significantly lower E/A ratio, as a measure of left ventricular diastolic function, significantly lower fractional shortening and mitral annular plane systolic excursion, as measures of left ventricular systolic function, significantly lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, as a measure of right ventricular function, and significantly higher NT-proBNP, as a measure of total cardiac function. Also, pulmonary flow acceleration time was shorter in the group after HCT, indicating possible pulmonary involvement. Heart rate was significantly higher and GHmax significantly lower in patients after HCT. ConclusionsAlmost two decades after HCT, including preparative regimens with TBI, cardiac function in patients was found to be within normal range. However, when compared with a healthy control group, patients after HCT showed lower systolic and diastolic left ventricular function as well as lower right ventricular function. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:143-147.
|
|
| 38. |
- Genberg, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Commonly used reference values underestimate oxygen uptake in healthy, 50-year-old Swedish women.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 38:1, s. 25-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard among clinical exercise tests. It combines a conventional stress test with measurement of oxygen uptake (VO2 ) and CO2 production. No validated Swedish reference values exist, and reference values in women are generally understudied. Moreover, the importance of achieved respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and the significance of breathing reserve (BR) at peak exercise in healthy individuals are poorly understood. We compared VO2 at maximal load (peakVO2 ) and anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT ) in healthy Swedish individuals with commonly used reference values, taking gender into account. Further, we analysed maximal workload and peakVO2 with regard to peak RER and BR. In all, 181 healthy, 50-year-old individuals (91 women) performed CPET. PeakVO2 was best predicted using Jones et al. (100·5%), while SHIP reference values underestimated peakVO2 most: 112·5%. Furthermore, underestimation of peakVO2 in women was found for all studied reference values (P<0·001) and was largest for SHIP: women had 128% of predicted peakVO2 , while men had 104%. PeakVO2 was similar in subjects with peak RER of 1-1·1 and RER > 1·1 (2 328·7 versus 2 176·7 ml min(-1) , P = 0·11). Lower BR (≤30%) related to significantly higher peakVO2 (P<0·001). In conclusion, peakVO2 was best predicted by Jones. All studied reference values underestimated oxygen uptake in women. No evidence for demanding RER > 1·1 in healthy individuals was found. A lowered BR is probably a normal response to higher workloads in healthy individuals.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Hagman, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring breathing patterns and respiratory movements with the respiratory movement measuring instrument
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 36:5, s. 414-420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The respiratory movement measuring instrument (RMMI) is a laser-based non-invasive technique to measure breathing patterns and respiratory movements (RMs). Little knowledge is known about the ability of the RMMI to measure breathing patterns and the correlation between RMs and breathing volumes.OBJECTIVES: One aim was to investigate whether the RMMI could discriminate between normal versus abdominal versus high costal breathing patterns in different body positions. A second aim was to determine the correlation between RMs and breathing volumes in different body positions.METHOD: Twenty adult, healthy subjects (10 women) were included in the study. The RMMI was used to study the above-mentioned breathing patterns in supine, sitting and standing positions. A subgroup of 12 subjects (6 women) simultaneously performed measurements of breathing volumes while RMs were recorded.RESULTS: The RMMI was able to discriminate between different breathing patterns in different body positions (P<0·001). The upper thoracic contribution to RMs in the sitting position was 47% for natural breathing, 32% for abdominal breathing and 64% for high costal breathing; similar results were found in the supine and standing positions. A strong correlation was observed between RMs as measured by the RMMI and different breathing volumes in all three body positions (Spearman's rho 0·86-1·00).CONCLUSION: The RMMI can be used to measure and analyse different breathing patterns in different body positions, and the correlation between measured RMs and breathing volumes is strong.
|
|
| 41. |
- Hansson, B. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Sex pheromone perception in male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera; Diprionidae)
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. - 0340-7594. ; 168:5, s. 533-538
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electroantennographic and single sensillum recordings were performed on male pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer, antennae. Responses to the sex pheromone component (2S, 3S, 7S)- 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecenyl (diprionyl) acetate (SSS:OAc), to the behavioral inhibitor (2S, 3R, 7R)-diprionyl acetate (SRR:OAc), to the six other enantiomers of diprionyl acetate, and to the biosynthetic precursor diprionol were recorded. Responses to trans-perillenal, a monoterpene identified in female gland extracts and to (2S, 3S, 7S)-diprionyl propionate (SSS:OPr), a field attractant for N. sertifer and some related sawfly species were also recorded. EAG recordings demonstrated a high antennal sensitivity to SSS:OAc and to SSS:OPr. A somewhat lower response was elicited by SRR:OAc. Single sensillum recordings revealed 8–12 different cells firing in each sensillum, corresponding to the number of cells observed in earlier morphological investigations. Out of these cells all, except one, responded to SSS:OAc and to SSS:OPr. No differences in the response to the two components could be observed. The largest amplitude cell in each sensillum was specifically tuned to the behavioral antagonist, SRR:OAc. The pheromone perception system encountered in male pine sawflies thus differs clearly from that observed in moths.
|
|
| 42. |
- Hedberg, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Gastric Emptying and Postprandial PYY Response After Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 21:5, s. 609-615
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Super-obesity (BMI > 50) is increasing rapidly. We use the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) as one option in this patient category. The aim of the present study was to investigate the emptying of the gastric tube, PYY levels and dumping symptoms after BPD-DS. METHODS: Emptying of the gastric tube was investigated with scintigraphy after an overnight fast. Twenty patients (median age 43 years, BMI 31.1 kg/m(2)) having undergone BPD-DS in median 3.5 years previously were included in the scintigraphic study. A technetium-labelled omelette was ingested and scintigraphic evaluation of gastric emptying was undertaken. Ten of the patients also underwent PYY measurements after a standardised meal and were compared to nine non-operated age-matched normal weight controls, both in the fasting state and after the test meal. Frequency of dumping symptoms was evaluated in all patients. RESULTS: The half-emptying time was 28 ± 16 min. Lag phase was present in 30% of the patients. PYY levels were significantly higher in BPD-DS patients as compared to controls both in the fasting state (p < 0.001) and after the test meal (p < 0.001). Dumping symptoms were scarce and occurred in 17 of the 20 patients only few times yearly or less. CONCLUSIONS: Although the pylorus is preserved in BPD-DS, the stomach emptying is faster than in non-operated subjects. PYY levels are elevated in the fasting state after BPD-DS and a marked response to a test meal is seen, likely due to the rapid stimulation of intraluminal nutrients in the distal ileum. In spite of this, dumping symptoms are uncommon.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Hedberg, Jakob, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Wire-less pH-metry at the gastrojejunostomy after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass : a novel use of the BRAVO™-system
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218. ; 25:7, s. 2302-2307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe number of gastric bypass operations being preformed is increasing rapidly due to good weight loss and alleviation of co-morbidities in combination with low mortality and morbidity. Stomal ulcers are, however, a clinical problem after gastric bypass, giving patients discomfort, risk of bleeding or even perforation. To measure the acidity in the proximal jejunum, we adopted the wire-less pH-metry (BRAVO™-system) developed for evaluating reflux esophagitis.Methods25 patients (4 men, median age 44 years, BMI 29.3) who had undergone RYGBP 4 years earlier were recruited. Twenty-one asymptomatic, non-PPI users and in addition, four symtomatic patients (ongoing or stopped PPI-treatment) were studied. The wire-less BRAVO™-capsule was positioned at the level of the gastrojejunal anastomosis under visual control with the endoscope. pH was registered for up to 48 hours. Time with pH<4 was calculated. Two patients were studied with two capsules.ResultsOf the 25 recruited patients capsule placement was successful in all but 2 patients, and in 3 patients a constant neutral environment was seen before a premature loss of signal, indicating early loss of position, thus 20 successful measurements were made. The mean time of registration was 25.7 hours (6.1-47.4, n=20). In the 16 asymtomatic patients, median percentage of time with pH<4 at the gastrojejunostomy was 10.6% (range 0.4 -37.7%). When dividing the registration time in day (08.00-22.00) and night (22.00-06.00), the median percentage of time with pH<4 was 8.4 and 6.3, respectively, (p=0.08). The two double measurements gave similar results indicating consistency. No complications occurred.ConclusionWire-less pH-measurements in the proximal jejunum after gastric bypass are feasible and safe. The acidity was significant (10.5% of the registration time) even in asymptomatic patients with small gastric pouches. The described method could be useful in evaluation of epigastralgia after gastric bypass and in appraisal of PPI treatment of stomal ulcer.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Hedenström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex Pheromone of pine sawflies. Chiral syntheses of some active minor components isolated from neodiprion sertifer and of some chiral analogues of diprionyl acetate.
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - 0040-4020. ; 48:15, s. 3139-3146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chiral syntheses of some analogues, 2 - 7, of 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol, 1 (diprionol), and of the corresponding acetates are described. The acetate of 1 is the main attractant in the sex pheromone of the Neodiprion genus (Diprionidae). Compounds 2 /2- 4 were identified as minor components isolated from females of Neodiprion sertifer. Synthetic intermediates were prepared either from chiral starting materials, via asymmetric syntheses, or by baker's yeast reductions.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Hedenström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Lungfunktionsundersökningar vid KOL.
- 2014. - 3:1
-
Ingår i: KOL : Kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom. - Kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom.. - 9789144078175 ; , s. 329-344
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
