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1.	Alexandersson, Bjarki T., et al. (författare) Diverticulosis is not associated with altered gut microbiota nor is it predictive of future diverticulitis : a population-based colonoscopy study 2023 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 58:10, s. 1131-1138 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The etiopathogenesis of diverticular disease is unknown.Objective: To compare the fecal and mucosa-associated microbiota between participants with and without diverticulosis and participants who later developed diverticulitis versus those that did not from a population-based study.Methods: The PopCol study, conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, invited a random sample of 3556 adults to participate, of which 745 underwent colonoscopy. Overall, 130 participants (17.5%) had diverticulosis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on available sigmoid biopsy samples from 529 and fecal samples from 251 individuals. We identified individuals who subsequently developed acute diverticulitis up to 13 years after sample collection. In a case-control design matching for gender, age (+/−5 years), smoking and antibiotic exposure, we compared taxonomic composition, richness and diversity of the microbiota between participants with or without diverticulosis, and between participants who later developed acute diverticulitis versus those who did not.Results: No differences in microbiota richness or diversity were observed between participants with or without diverticulosis, nor for those who developed diverticulitis compared with those who did not. No bacterial taxa were significantly different between participants with diverticulosis compared with those without diverticulosis. Individuals who later developed acute diverticulitis (2.8%) had a higher abundance of genus Comamonas than those who did not (p = .027).Conclusions: In a population-based cohort study the only significant difference was that those who later develop diverticulitis had more abundance of genus Comamonas. The significance of Comamonas is unclear, suggesting a limited role for the gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of diverticular disease.
2.	Alexandersson, Bjarki T., et al. (författare) Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is not Linked to a Higher Rate of Adverse Events in Colonoscopy : a Nationwide Population-based Study in Sweden 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 17:12, s. 1962-1967 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease may cause long-standing inflammation and fibrosis and may increase the risk of adverse events in colonoscopy. We evaluated whether inflammatory bowel disease and other potential risk factors are associated with bleeding or perforation in a nationwide, population-based, Swedish study.Methods: Data from 969 532 colonoscopies, including 164 012 [17%] on inflammatory bowel disease patients, between 2003 and 2019, were retrieved from the National Patient Registers. ICD-10 codes for bleeding [T810] and perforation [T812] within 30 days of the colonoscopy were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test if inflammatory bowel disease status, inpatient setting, time period, general anaesthesia, age, sex, endoscopic procedures, and antithrombotic treatment were associated with higher odds for bleeding and perforation.Results: Bleeding and perforation were reported in 0.19% and 0.11% of all colonoscopies, respectively. Bleeding [odds ratio 0.66, p <0.001] and perforation [odds ratio 0.79, p <0.033] were less likely in colonoscopies in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease status. Bleeding and perforation were more common in inpatient than in outpatient inflammatory bowel disease colonoscopies. The odds for bleeding but not perforation increased between 2003 to 2019. General anaesthesia was associated with double the odds for perforation.Conclusions: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease did not have more adverse events compared with individuals without inflammatory bowel disease status. However, the inpatient setting was associated with more adverse events, particularly in inflammatory bowel disease status. General anaesthesia was associated with a greater risk of perforation.
3.	Hedin, Katarina, et al. (författare) Initial symptoms and three months follow-up after acute COVID-19 in outpatients : An international prospective cohort study 2023 Ingår i: European Journal of General Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1381-4788 .- 1751-1402. ; 29:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Most studies on long-term follow-up of patients with COVID-19 focused on hospitalised patients. No prospective study with structured follow-up has been performed in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Objectives: To assess long-COVID and post-COVID (WHO definition: symptomatic at least 12 weeks), describe lingering symptoms, their impact on daily activities, and general practice visits and explore risk factors for symptom duration in outpatients. Methods: A prospective study of adult outpatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 in 11 European countries, recruited during 2020 and 2021 from primary care and the community. Structured follow-up by phone interviews (symptom rating, symptom impact on daily activities and general practice visits) was performed at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 by study personnel. Data was analysed descriptively by using correlation matrixes and Cox regression. Results: Of 270 enrolled patients, 52% developed long-COVID and 32% post-COVID-syndrome. When only considering the presence of moderate or (very) severe symptoms at weeks 8 and 12, these percentages were 28% and 18%, respectively. Fatigue was the most often reported symptom during follow-up. The impact of lingering symptoms was most evident in sports and household activities. About half (53%) had at least one general practice contact during follow-up. Obese patients took twice as long to return to usual health (HR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–0.8); no other risk profile could predict lingering symptoms. Conclusion: Long-COVID and post-COVID are also common in outpatients. In 32%, it takes more than 12 weeks to return to usual health.
4.	Hedin, Per-Johan, et al. (författare) Serum concentrations of hyaluronan and proteoglycan in joint disease. Lack of associaton. 1991 Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X. ; 18:10, s. 1601-1605 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
5.	Kokkinou, Efthymia, et al. (författare) CD45RA(+)CD62L(-) ILCs in human tissues represent a quiescent local reservoir for the generation of differentiated ILCs 2022 Ingår i: Science immunology. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 2470-9468. ; 7:70 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are highly plastic and predominantly mucosal tissue-resident cells that contribute to both homeostasis and inflammation depending on the microenvironment. The discovery of naive-like ILCs suggests an ILC differentiation process that is akin to naive T cell differentiation. Delineating the mechanisms that underlie ILC differentiation in tissues is crucial for understanding ILC biology in health and disease. Here, we showed that tonsillar ILCs expressing CD45RA lacked proliferative activity, indicative of cellular quiescence. CD62L distinguished two subsets of CD45RA(+) ILCs. CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) ILCs (CD62L(+) ILCs) resembled circulating naive ILCs because they lacked the transcriptional, metabolic, epigenetic, and cytokine production signatures of differentiated ILCs. CD45RA(+)CD62L(-) ILCs (CD62L(-) ILCs) were epigenetically similar to CD62L(+) ILCs but showed a transcriptional, metabolic, and cytokine production signature that was more akin to differentiated ILCs. CD62L(+) and CD62L(-) ILCs contained uni- and multipotent precursors of ILC1s/NK cells and ILC3s. Differentiation of CD62L(+) and CD62L(-) ILCs led to metabolic reprogramming including up-regulation of genes associated with glycolysis, which was needed for their effector functions after differentiation. CD62L(-) ILCs with preferential differentiation capacity toward IL-22-producing ILC3s accumulated in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. These data suggested distinct differentiation potential of CD62L(+) and CD62L(-) ILCs between tissue microenvironments and identified that manipulation of these cells is a possible approach to restore tissue-immune homeostasis.
6.	Leijon, Anna, et al. (författare) Content validity and feasibility of the BABITT questionnaire : assisted infant toilet training and bowel and bladder function in children 2024 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: Functional bowel and bladder disorders are prevalent among children. The impact of assisted infant toilet training on the prevalence of childhood bowel and bladder disorders has not previously been investigated. As self-reported bowel and bladder symptoms can be unreliable, robust tools are essential to evaluate interventions. The ROME Foundation offers diagnostic criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders, while the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) provides definitions for functional bladder disorders. Our research group has launched the BABITT study, a two-armed intervention study to investigate whether assisted infant toilet training reduces the prevalence of functional bowel and bladder disorders.Aim: To construct a questionnaire, assessing bowel and bladder function in children introduced to infant toilet training and to evaluate content validity as well as feasibility.Methods: In three consecutive steps, a web-based questionnaire was developed. In Step 1, the questionnaire was outlined based on literature review and consensus panel discussions. In Step 2, the questionnaire was validated regarding relevance and simplicity by the content validity index (CVI) method. In Step 3, a pilot phase allowed for assessment of feasibility in the clinical study setting.Results: In Step 1, the Rome criteria and ICCS frameworks were selected for primary outcomes. After the final assessment round in Step 2, the i-CVI ranged from 0.88-1.00 in most items, in all domains, for both relevance and simplicity. Generally lower scores on simplicity emphasized revisions of this aspect of the items. In the pilot phase Step 3, respondent burden was analysed and feasibility assessed. The response rate at the 2-months questionnaire was 95% and acceptability of the intervention was satisfactory.Conclusion: A web- based questionnaire for assessment of parent-reported bladder and bowel function in children who are introduced to infant toilet training was developed. The questionnaire emerged as valid and feasible in its context.
7.	Nilsson, Terese, 1982-, et al. (författare) Bowel and bladder function in infant toilet training (BABITT) - protocol for a randomized, two-armed intervention study 2022 Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 22:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: In the last decades, the average age for toilet training has increased in the western world. It is suggested that the postponed initiation of toilet training is a contributing factor to problems related to bowel and bladder control. Functional gastrointestinal and urinary tract disorders are prevalent in childhood, causing suffering in affected children and for their families, and consuming healthcare resources. To evaluate whether assisted infant toilet training can prevent functional gastrointestinal and urinary tract disorders in young children, we are conducting a randomized intervention study with a 4-year follow-up. Methods: This randomized two-armed intervention study will include 268 Swedish infants recruited at six child healthcare centers in Region Dalarna located in the central part of Sweden. The intervention entails parents being instructed and practicing assisted infant toilet training with their child. Children are randomized to start assisted infant toilet training at 0-2 months or at 9-11 months of age. The primary objective is to determine the efficacy of assisted infant toilet training initiated at 0-2 months on the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (defined as infant colic, infant dyschezia and/or functional constipation) up to the age of 9 months. Secondary objectives are to evaluate whether assisted toilet training initiated during the first year of life reduce the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (defined as functional constipation, gastrointestinal symptoms and/or stool toileting refusal) and urinary tract disorders (defined as bladder dysfunction and/or urinary tract infections) up to the age of 4 years. Furthermore, infant-to-mother attachment, parental stress, the toilet training process and overall parental experiences will be evaluated/explored. Discussion: This protocol article presents the rationale and design of a randomized two-armed intervention study that will determine the efficacy of assisted infant toilet training on functional gastrointestinal disorders up to the age of 9 months. Furthermore, the study will evaluate whether assisted infant toilet training during the first year of life can prevent functional gastrointestinal and urinary tract disorders in children up to 4 years of age. If effective, assisted infant toilet training could be recommended in child healthcare settings and new evidence-based guidelines on infant toilet training could be implemented.
8.	Arntsberg, Louise, et al. (författare) Management and documentation of pneumonia–a comparison of patients consulting primary care and emergency care 2024 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Patients may attend either primary or emergency care without referral in Sweden. Guidelines recommend a severity assessment, including assessment of vital signs, to be performed for all patients presenting with suspected pneumonia. Objective: To compare management and documentation of vital signs, symptoms and infection severity in pneumonia patients seeking primary care and emergency care without referral. Design: Medical record review of vital signs, examination findings and severity of pneumonia. Setting: Primary and emergency care. Subjects: Two hundred and forty patients diagnosed with pneumonia. Main outcome measures: Vital signs, examination findings and severity of pneumonia. Assessments of pneumonia severity according to the reviewers, the traffic light score and CRB-65. Results: Respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation were less often documented in primary care (p < .001). Chest X-ray was performed in 5% of primary care patients vs. 88% of emergency care patients (p < .01). Primary care patients had longer symptom duration, higher oxygen saturation and lower respiratory rate. In total, the reviewers assessed 63% of all pneumonias as mild and 9% as severe. The traffic light scoring model identified 11 patients (9%) in primary care and 53 patients (44%) in emergency care at high risk of severe infection. Conclusions: Vital signs were documented less often in primary care than in emergency care. Patients in primary care appear to have a less severe pneumonia, indicating attendance to the correct care level. The traffic light scoring model identified more patients at risk of severe infection than CRB-65, where the parameters were documented to a limited extent.
9.	Berglund, Anders, 1974-, et al. (författare) THE PEDAGOGICAL DEVELOPERS INITIATIVE : SYSTEMATIC SHIFTS, SERENDIPITIES, AND SETBACKS 2017 Ingår i: 13th International CDIO Conference in Calgary, Canada, June 18-22, 2017. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Pedagogical projects have often, at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, as well as elsewhere, been initiated and managed by individual enthusiasts rather than dedicated teams. This generally decreases the possibility of successful implementation of more ambitious ideas, e.g., changing educational programs, implementing the CDIO syllabus, or strengthening the pedagogical development of larger parts of the faculty. To enable wider and more effective change, KTH top management therefore launched a universityencompassing three-year project in 2014, in which a group of highly motivated teachers from all schools at KTH were appointed part-time pedagogical developers (PDs). The PDs were given the task of promoting pedagogical development and facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange among faculty members, as described in two previous papers at CDIO conferences. From 2017, the outcomes of this project are supposed to be integrated parts of the KTH line organization. The project has led to numerous actions, which would have been difficult to set in motion unless given the freedom in time to explore and to develop into a collective effort rather than a myriad of individual “stand-alone” examples. By addressing key areas for pedagogical development, our group of dedicated faculty have tried to surpass the suboptimal "lock-in" of strict individual reasoning and to deal with surfaced questions and relevant issues in a broader collective manner. A major insight confirmed by the project and its many sub-projects has indeed been the fundamental importance of collegial discussions and the creation of processes that facilitate and support teacher cooperation. We have also, through discussions with faculty at KTH, confirmed the need for clearly defined, tangible incentives for teachers, motivating them to participate in pedagogical development activities, even if this means less time left for the traditional pathway to rewards within academia, i.e. research. In this paper, we chart changes that have occurred in the educational practices at KTH by describing and discussing the project’s focus on pedagogical development of faculty, actual execution of changes in the engineering educations, lessons learned along the way, and visions yet to be realised.
10.	Berglund, Anders, et al. (författare) The Pedagogical Developers Initiative – Changing Educational Practices and Strengthening CDIO skills 2015 Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the 11th International CDIO Conference, Chengdu, China, June 8-11 2015</em>. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper put emphasis on change agents within the universities and how local initiatives can be systematically approached and ramped up. Rooted in the challenges and constraints that have been addressed in past educational program initiatives, the case consists of specific focus areas to leverage impact. Universities continuously strives to provide the best conditions for an inspiring and prosperous learning environment, and to provide educational programs with teaching of excellent educational quality. KTH is no exception and therefore the university management has initiated a pedagogical program starting in 2014. One of the first thing initiated within the framework of this pedagogical program is the creation of a group of 24 pedagogical developers.The focus for the pedagogical developers is to facilitate the opportunities for KTHs faculty to work together and create consensus on educational development in different teaching teams. This paper presents the University's pedagogical developers' initiative as a whole and how this has been outlined in detail to reach specific redesign targets. The School of Industrial Engineering and Management pedagogical group consists of five practicing teachers that besides this new role also engage heavily in various courses of the School's departments. Since the pedagogical initiative is aligned with several important CDIO aspects, e.g. the learning environment, formats of formative feedback, assessment and examination there is also importance to reassure this in the existing Master level programs.At KTH the five-year comprehensive Master of Science in Engineering programs concern distinct vocational educations in which the CDIO aspects are very important. At the same time the programs has been divided in a basic level (B.Sc. in Engineering) of three years and a advanced level (M.Sc.) of two years. This has for instance made it harder to align the progression between first cycle level and second cycle level regarding for instance the CDIO efforts (e.g. oral and written communication, teamwork). This paper will therefore discuss and enhance how the pedagogical programme, we as pedagogical developers, can support and strengthen the initiation and implementation of the CDIO aspects in the education.
11.	Berglund, Anders, et al. (författare) The pedagogical developers initiative - development, implementation and lessons learned from a systematic approach to faculty development 2016 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland, June 12-16, 2016. - : Turku University. - 9789522166104 ; , s. 497-508 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents a systematic, university--wide approach to creating an encompassing movement towards faculty development. In 2014, KTH Royal Institute of Technology launched the pedagogical developers initiative, appointing part--time pedagogical developers among teachers from all schools of KTH, to implement and strengthen good teaching and learning practices among faculty and students. They are teachers active in different educational programmes, with experience of, and interest in, pedagogical issues. In line with CDIO standard 10, the purpose of the pedagogical developers’ initiative is to facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange between faculty members, and to establish communities of practice. The paper presents the activities, processes for developing these activities and preliminary results from the initiative’s second year, which focused much on supporting faculty development by putting into place a series of workshops, a format chosen for its combination of active community-building learning and time efficiency. The topics of the workshops emerged to meet faculty needs identified by the pedagogical developers during the first year. The workshops were created by smaller teams of pedagogical developers from different schools of KTH. This enabled a wide array of experiences and perspectives to be incorporated into the workshops. Main focuses of the workshops have been on creating internal discussions in dynamic communities of practice on specific subjects of interest, and on creating forums for exchange of ideas, open to the whole faculty. During Autumn 2015, the workshops have been offered as voluntary add-on parts of the basic course in teaching and learning offered to faculty at KTH. This first round of workshops generated a positive interest from teachers, and participant feedback indicates that they particularly appreciated the opportunity to work directly with their own courses and the opportunity to discuss pedagogical aspects with peers.
12.	Carlsson, Sara, et al. (författare) Antibiotic Treatment for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care: A Register-Based Study Examining the Role of Radiographic Imaging 2023 Ingår i: Antibiotics. - : MDPI. - 2079-6382. ; 12:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract When imaging (i.e., chest-x-ray or computed tomography) is used to differentiate between acute bronchitis and pneumonia, many patients are being prescribed antibiotics despite the absence of radiographic pneumonia signs. This study of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) with negative chest imaging compares cases where antibiotics were prescribed and not prescribed to find characteristics that could explain the prescription. Data were extracted from the regional electronic medical record system in Kronoberg County, Sweden, for patients aged 18-79 years diagnosed with acute bronchitis or pneumonia and who had any chest radiologic imaging between 2007-2014. Of 696 cases without evidence of pneumonia on imaging, 55% were prescribed antibiotics. Age, sex, and co-morbidity did not differ between those with or without antibiotics. The median level of C-reactive protein was low in both groups but differed significantly (21 vs. 10 mg/L; p < 0.001). Resident physicians prescribed antibiotics more frequently than interns or specialists (p < 0.001). It is unclear what features prompted the antibiotic prescribing in those with negative imaging indicating overuse of antibiotics for LRTIs.
13.	Cars, Otto, et al. (författare) The global need for effective antibiotics : moving towards concerted action 2011 Ingår i: Drug resistance updates. - : Elsevier BV. - 1368-7646 .- 1532-2084. ; 14:2, s. 68-69 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the greatest global health challenges to be addressed in the 21st Century. The risk of widespread antibiotic resistance threatens to mitigate the positive changes made in modernizing healthcare systems; therefore, fresh approaches are essential, as well as new and effective antibacterial drugs. In a globalized world, a spectrum of different interventions and health technologies must be employed to contain antibiotic resistance. Finding ways of accelerating the development of new drugs and diagnostic tools is one strategy, as is better surveillance of antibiotic resistance and ways of improving use of existing antibiotics. Moreover, a framework to regulate use is called for to avoid that potential new antibiotics are squandered. Finally, the ongoing pandemic spread of resistant bacteria illustrates that the problem can only be addressed through international cooperation and thus that any new strategy to manage antibiotic resistance must take into consideration issues of global access and affordability.
14.	Chen, Zheng, et al. (författare) Graphitic nitrogen in carbon catalysts is important for the reduction of nitrite as revealed by naturally abundant N-15 NMR spectroscopy 2021 Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; :20 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon is considered as a green functional material, but the structural determination of the atomic positions of nitrogen remains challenging. We recently demonstrated that directly-excited solid state N-15 NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the determination of such positions in N-doped carbon at natural N-15 isotope abundance. Here we report a green chemistry approach for the synthesis of N-doped carbon using cellulose as a precursor, and a study of the catalytic properties and atomic structures of the related catalyst. N-doped carbon (NH3) was obtained by the oxidation of cellulose with HNO3 followed by ammonolysis at 800 degrees C. It had a N content of 6.5 wt% and a surface area of 557 m(2) g(-1), and N-15 ssNMR spectroscopy provided evidence for graphitic nitrogen besides regular pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen. This structural determination allowed probing the role of graphitic nitrogen in electrocatalytic reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and nitrite reduction reaction. The N-doped carbon catalyst (NH3) showed higher electrocatalytic activities in the OER and HER under alkaline conditions and higher activity for nitrite reduction, as compared with a catalyst prepared by the carbonization of HNO3-treated cellulose in N-2. The electrocatalytic selectivity for nitrite reduction of the N-doped carbon catalyst (NH3) was directly related to the graphitic nitrogen functions. Complementary structural analyses by means of C-13 and H-1 ssNMR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and low-temperature N-2 adsorption were performed and provided support to the findings. The results show that directly-excited N-15 ssNMR spectroscopy at natural N-15 abundance is generally capable of providing information on N-doped carbon materials if relaxation properties are favorable. It is expected that this approach can be applied to a wide range of solids with an intermediate concentration of N atoms.
15.	Ekholm, Bodil, et al. (författare) Climates in Swedish Day Care Centers: A Methodological Study 1995 Ingår i: Journal of Research in Childhood Education. ; 9, s. 97- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
16.	Ekholm, Bodil, et al. (författare) Climates in Swedish Day Care Centers: Children´s Behavior in Differing Centers 1997 Ingår i: Journal of Research in Childhood Education. ; 11, s. 181- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
17.	Ekholm, Bodil, et al. (författare) Upptäck vardagen! Om praktisk utvärdering av daghemsverksamhet. 1995 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
18.	Elmerot, Irene, 1973- (författare) Decoding Discourse : A corpus linguistic study of evaluative adjectives and group nouns in Czech print news media (1989–2018) 2024 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This compilation thesis takes a top-down perspective on the representation of different groups of people in Czech news press over three decades. The starting point is that human equality is a global prerequisite for a democratic world, according to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The research questions for the thesis concern how positively or negatively different groups of people are represented, and how often the different groups appear compared to each other. The thesis contributes results based on a language other than English, which represents a valuable contribution to the field.Theoretically, focus is on the premise that language is a tool for gaining and maintaining power, and a way of expressing power relations (Reisigl & Wodak 2016; Fairclough 2015). An important theoretical focus is the phenomenon of linguistic othering (Fidler 2016), which here means letting a group of people stand out from a certain news description by emphasising some of their characteristics. They then form what is also called an outgroup, as opposed to the ingroup that the writer is assumed to be part of (van Dijk 1987). The findings of this thesis provide insights into how news media can influence our perceptions of, for example, different nationalities or professions, linked to their socio-economic status, and by extension how these perceptions can influence our attitudes and behaviours towards these groups.Methodologically, the thesis uses corpus-based discourse analysis. Empirically, the research is based on the Czech National Corpus (www.korpus.cz). From this corpus, 32 million observations are extracted of when positive and negative adjectives, classified according to a subjectivity lexicon, appear in the news press together with nouns for different kinds of groups of people, such as gendered words like “woman” or “man”, occupations like “maid” or “miner” and nationalities like “Somali” or “Dane”. When adjectives are closer to nouns, or even next to them, they are given more weight than when they are more distant (Cvrček 2014). With such large amounts of data, a top-down or bird’s eye view is the most reasonable, but some detailed analyses are also included.Study I focuses on the representation of nationalities and countries, classified by the World Bank into groups according to their gross national income, and their co-occurrence with the positive and negative adjectives. Results: the nationalities in the different income groups are represented in a descending order; the higher the national income, the more positive the representation. Furthermore, discourses related to the so-called war on terror, as well as the security of different nations, emerge as a result of the analysis.Study II focuses on two groups, a focus group of Arabs and Muslims and a reference group of the other nationalities and countries. The focus group is a very heterogeneous group of people and countries that is often portrayed in the context of conflict (Baker et al., 2013, pp. 2 and 32). Results: Arabs and Muslims are consistently represented as an out-group, which over time affects how the people who read these news media view them.Study III contains two sub-studies, based on an intersectional analysis of modern Czech news reporting; in one sub-study the analysis focuses on professional roles, and in the other on different nouns for women and men. Results: Those with lower socio-economic status and fewer supervisory roles in their work are less likely to appear in news coverage, but when they do appear, it is not always with more negative representations. Regarding gender, men are more often portrayed than women, and women are more often represented by evaluative adjectives than men. In addition, women’s positive representations are based to a greater extent on their appearance and feelings, while men’s representations are based on their importance and competence.Overall, the results confirm quantitatively, with an empirical material covering almost the entire print news reporting in the Czech Republic since democratisation, that hypotheses that have been theoretically proposed, as well as confirmed, for other countries, turn out to be true for Czech news reporting. There are systematic differences in the way that some groups of people are significantly more often represented in the media than others, and that some groups are systematically represented more favourably than others. It also shows that these imbalances are clearly linked to factors such as nationality, occupation and gender.
19.	Elmgren, Maja, et al. (författare) Och plötsligt var jag studierektor : En belysning av studierektorsrollen och dess möjligheter. 2000 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
20.	Emtner, Margareta, et al. (författare) Adherence to and effects of physical activity on health in adults with asthma. 2005 Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. ; 7, s. 123-134 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
21.	Emtner, Margareta, et al. (författare) Asthmatic patients´view of a comprehensive asthma rehabilitation programme: a three year follow-up. 1998 Ingår i: Physiotherapy Research International. ; 3, s. 175- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
22.	Emtner, Margareta, et al. (författare) Impact of patient characteristics, education and knowledge on emergency room visits in patients with asthma and COPD : a descriptive and correlative study 2009 Ingår i: BMC Pulmonary Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2466. ; 9, s. 43- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND Asthma and COPD are major health problems and an extensive burden for the patient and the health care system. Patient education has been recommended, but the influence on knowledge and health outcomes is not fully examined. Our aims were to compare patient characteristics, education and knowledge in patients who had an emergency room (ER) visit, to explore factors related to disease knowledge, and to investigate patient characteristics, patient education and knowledge in relation to further ER visits over a 12 month period. METHODS Eighty-four patients with asthma and 52 with COPD, who had had an ER visit, were included. They were interviewed by telephone 4 to 6 weeks after the ER visit and followed for a year. RESULTS Patients with COPD were older, more sedentary, had had more ER visits the previous year, and had more co morbidity than patients with asthma. About 80% of the patients had received information from health professionals or participated in education/rehabilitation, but a minority (< 20%) reported that their knowledge about how to handle the disease was good. Patients with "good knowledge" were younger, were more likely to have asthma diagnose, and had a higher educational background (p < 0.05). Sixty-seven percent of the patients with COPD had repeated ER visits during the following year versus 42% in asthma (p < 0.05) (adjusted HRR: 1.73 (1.03-2.90)). Patients who had had ER visits the year before inclusion had a higher risk of ER visits the following year (adjusted HRR: 3.83 (1.99-7.38)). There were no significant differences regarding patient education and knowledge between the group with and without further ER visits after adjusting for sex, diagnose, age, and educational background. CONCLUSION Patients with asthma had a better self reported knowledge of disease management and were less likely to have new exacerbations than patients with COPD. Reported level of knowledge was, however, in it self not a predictor of exacerbations. This indicates that information is not sufficient to reduce the burden of disease. Patient education focused on self-management and behavioral change should be emphasized.
23.	Fredriksson, Tobias, et al. (författare) Diagnostic patterns of serum inflammatory protein markers in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis 2024 Ingår i: Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1877-959X .- 1877-9603. ; 15:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Definite diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) requires investigation of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, lumbar puncture is necessary, and requires administration of sedating drugs in children. This study aimed to investigate if a pattern of different inflammatory biomarkers in serum could contribute to the selection of children for lumbar puncture in suspected LNB. Patients were included from a cohort of children who was previously investigated for LNB including serum and CSF sampling during the years 2010-2014. The multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) inflammation panel Target 96 (Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden) was used to examine 92 biomarkers in serum. Based on the presence of CSF pleocytosis and Borrelia-specific antibodies, patients were divided into a definite LNB group (n=61) and a non-LNB control group (n=58). Following PEA and statistical analysis with multivariate logistic regression, five biomarkers remained significant (p < 0.001), which were included in a calculation of protein index. The index biomarkers were CST5, IL-15RA, CXCL10, DNER and CX3CL1. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed from the index, which showed an 80 % sensitivity and 81 % specificity. Area under the curve was 0.889. We offer evidence that, with further refinements, patterns of serum biomarkers might help identify those children more or less likely to have LNB, perhaps ultimately decreasing the need for lumbar punctures.
24.	Garmy, Pernilla, et al. (författare) Sömn och hälsa hos barn och ungdomar i skolåldern 2023 Ingår i: Jubileumsbok. - : Kristianstad University Press. ; , s. 59-65 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
25.	Gunnarsson, Anna Birgitta, et al. (författare) Occupational performance problems in people with depression and anxiety 2023 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 30:2, s. 148-158 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Depression and anxiety often reduce people's ability to cope with everyday occupations. There is a lack of knowledge about such problems in people of working age with depression and anxiety. Aim To describe which problems people with depression or anxiety disorders experience when performing everyday occupations and which occupations are affected. Materials and methods Data based on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used in this cross-sectional study. A total of 118 participants aged 18-65 years, with depression or anxiety, were recruited from primary healthcare and general mental healthcare services. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics and directed content analysis. Results The participants rated a low level of occupational performance, and their satisfaction with performance even lower. They described a great number of problems with their everyday occupations. The most frequent problem areas concerned household management, socialization and personal care. Detailed descriptions of which type of problem they experienced during everyday occupations are included. Conclusions This study provides knowledge of which problems people with depression and anxiety disorders experience in everyday occupations within self-care, productivity, as well as leisure. Furthermore, they rate performance and satisfaction with performance of the five occupations they find the most important to change in everyday life.
26.	Hallsten, Ingrid, et al. (författare) Smärta och copingstrategier - en jämförande studie av patienter med akut respektive kronisk smärta i rörelse och stödjeorganen 1998 Ingår i: Nord Fysioterapi. ; 2, s. 99- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
27.	Hedin, Anna (författare) Attitudes to work and health problems among home care workers in settings with different degrees of institutionalization. 1997 Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ; 29, s. 197- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
28.	Hedin, Anna (författare) From different starting point. A longitudinal study of work and health among home care workers 1997 Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. ; 7, s. 272- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
29.	Hedin, Anna (författare) From different starting-points. A longitudinal study of work and health among home care workers. 1997 Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. ; 7, s. 272- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
30.	Hedin, Anna (författare) Huset med den trasiga hissen. Tre olika perspektiv på Ädelreformen. 1996 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
31.	Hedin, Anna (författare) Nycklar till kunskap. Om motivation, handling och förståelse i vuxenutbildning. 1997 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
32.	Hedin, Emma, 1985, et al. (författare) Impact of lung density on the lung dose estimation for radiotherapy of breast cancer 2017 Ingår i: Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-6316. ; 3, s. 5-10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and purpose: To investigate the impact of the clinical implementation particle transport method on the lung dose evaluation for radiotherapy of breast cancer focusing on dosimetric effects of the lung density. Material and methods: Fourteen patients with left sided breast cancer having both deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) and free breathing CT scans were studied. Lung density variations for 157 patients treated under DIBH were quantified and the cases with the lowest lung densities for breast and for loco regional treatment added to the study. Dose calculations were performed with the class-b type algorithm AAA and the deterministic algorithm Acuros XB. Monte Carlo method was utilized as reference. Differences in the dose distributions were evaluated by comparing DVH parameters. Results: Lung density variations between 0.08 and 0.3 g/cm3 and between 0.02 and 0.25 g/cm3 were found for loco-regional and tangential breast treatments under DIBH, respectively. Lung DVH parameters for patients with medium and high lung density obtained by the different algorithms agreed within 3%. Larger differences were observed for low lung density cases where the correction based algorithm underestimated V10Gy and overestimated V40Gy by up to 5%. The least affected parameter, V20Gy, deviated by less than 2% for all cases and densities. Conclusions: Dosimetric constrains for lung based on V20Gy required minimum changes due to implementation of the new algorithm regardless of breathing technique or type of treatment. Evaluation criteria utilizing V10Gy or V40Gy needed reconsideration, especially for treatments under DIBH involving low lung density.
33.	Hedin, Emma, 1985, et al. (författare) Implementation of Acuros XB in Treatment Planning of SBRT of Lung Cancer 2017 Ingår i: Annals of Radiation Therapy and Oncology. - 2577-8757. ; 1:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Goal: The overall goal of this study is to present data assisting the implementation of the principle based dose calculation algorithm Acuros XB for Stereotactic Body Radiation Treatments (SBRT) of lung tumors. In particular, the goal is to investigate differences in target dose distributions calculated by the clinical algorithms AAA and Acuros XB as well as by the Monte Carlo method. Materials and Methods: Twenty conventional 3D conformal plans for SBRT of lung cancer were investigated. The prescribed dose was 3 Gy × 22 Gy at the center and 3 Gy × 15 Gy at the periphery of PTV. The plans were originally designed with AAA based on the requirement PTV-V100% (percentage of PTV receiving a dose larger than 100%=45 Gy), to be 100%. Recalculations were performed by utilizing Acuros XB as well as by full Monte Carlo method. Dose variations were evaluated in terms of DVH parameters D5%, D50%, D98% for GTV and PTV as well as PTV-V100%. Five plans showing large algorithm sensitivity in terms of PTV-V100% were re-planned by Acuros XB using the same treatment planning criteria. Results: AAA systematically overestimated the PTV dose compared to Acuros XB and Monte Carlo. Differences between AAA and Acuros XB of up to 8%, 10% and 5% were observed for PTV-D50%, PTV-D98% and PTV-V100%, correspondingly. The values obtained by the Monte Carlo method were up to 7% lower than these for Acuros XB. The variations in the PTV dose estimation could not be related to patient/plan characteristics like target volume, lung tissue volume included in the target or tumor proximity to the lung wall. The variations in the GTV parameters were smaller and the agreement between AAA and AXB as well as between Acuros XB and Monte Carlo was within 3%. Planning with Acuros XB increased the volume of the lung tissue close to the tumor receiving full dose by more than 20%. Conclusion: PTV dose coverage was overestimated in plans calculated by AAA. Transition to Acuros XB without changing the treatment planning criteria increased the dose to the lung tissue close to the tumor. The GTV dose coverage was more robust with respect to the algorithm changes.
34.	Hedin, Emma, 1985, et al. (författare) Influence of different dose calculation algorithms on the estimate of NTCP for lung complications. 2013 Ingår i: Journal of applied clinical medical physics / American College of Medical Physics. - : Wiley. - 1526-9914. ; 14:5, s. 127-39 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Due to limitations and uncertainties in dose calculation algorithms, different algorithms can predict different dose distributions and dose-volume histograms for the same treatment. This can be a problem when estimating the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for patient-specific dose distributions. Published NTCP model parameters are often derived for a different dose calculation algorithm than the one used to calculate the actual dose distribution. The use of algorithm-specific NTCP model parameters can prevent errors caused by differences in dose calculation algorithms. The objective of this work was to determine how to change the NTCP model parameters for lung complications derived for a simple correction-based pencil beam dose calculation algorithm, in order to make them valid for three other common dose calculation algorithms. NTCP was calculated with the relative seriality (RS) and Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) models. The four dose calculation algorithms used were the pencil beam (PB) and collapsed cone (CC) algorithms employed by Oncentra, and the pencil beam convolution (PBC) and anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) employed by Eclipse. Original model parameters for lung complications were taken from four published studies on different grades of pneumonitis, and new algorithm-specific NTCP model parameters were determined. The difference between original and new model parameters was presented in relation to the reported model parameter uncertainties. Three different types of treatments were considered in the study: tangential and locoregional breast cancer treatment and lung cancer treatment. Changing the algorithm without the derivation of new model parameters caused changes in the NTCP value of up to 10 percentage points for the cases studied. Furthermore, the error introduced could be of the same magnitude as the confidence intervals of the calculated NTCP values. The new NTCP model parameters were tabulated as the algorithm was varied from PB to PBC, AAA, or CC. Moving from the PB to the PBC algorithm did not require new model parameters; however, moving from PB to AAA or CC did require a change in the NTCP model parameters, with CC requiring the largest change. It was shown that the new model parameters for a given algorithm are different for the different treatment types.
35.	Hedin, Emma, 1985, et al. (författare) Jaw position uncertainty and adjacent fields in breast cancer radiotherapy. 2015 Ingår i: Journal of applied clinical medical physics / American College of Medical Physics. - : Wiley. - 1526-9914. ; 16:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Locoregional treatment of breast cancer involves adjacent, half blocked fields matched at isocenter. The objective of this work is to study the dosimetric effects of the uncertainties in jaw positioning for such a case, and how a treatment planning protocol including adjacent field overlap of 1 mm affects the dose distribution. A representative treatment plan, involving 6 and 15 photon beams, for a patient treated at our hospital is chosen. Monte Carlo method (EGSnrc/BEAMnrc) is used to simulate the treatment. Uncertainties in jaw positioning of ± 1 mm are addressed, which implies extremes in reality of 2 mm field gap/overlap when planning adjacent fields without overlap and 1 mm gap or 3 mm overlap for a planning protocol with 1 mm overlap. Dosimetric parameters for PTV, lung and body are analyzed. Treatment planning protocol with 1 mm overlap of the adjacent fields does not considerably counteract possible underdosage of the target in the case studied. PTV-V95% is for example reduced from 95% for perfectly aligned fields to 90% and 91% for 2 mm and 1 mm gap, respectively. However, the risk of overdosage in PTV and in healthy soft tissue is increased when following the protocol with 1 mm overlap. A 3 mm overlap compared to 2 mm overlap results in an increase in maximum dose to PTV, PTV-D2%, from 113% to 121%. V120% for 'Body-PTV' is also increased from 5 cm3 to 14 cm3. A treatment planning protocol with 1 mm overlap does not considerably improve the coverage of PTV in the case of erroneous jaw positions causing gap between fields, but increases the overdosage in PTV and doses to healthy tissue, in the case of overlapping fields, for the case investigated.
36.	Hedin, Susanne, et al. (författare) eLearning as an effective preventing tool to improve the understanding and motivation of Computer Ergonomics 2012 Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nordic Ergonomics Society Conference (NES), Stockholm, August 20-23, 2012.. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction Repetitive strain injuries (RSI) are common today; about 50% of all computer users show some physical problems, which may cause a decrease in work performance, resulting in large costs for individuals, companies and society. Shoulders, neck, arms and hands are especially affected, and thereby the computer work becomes slower and less efficient; productivity decreases up to 25% have been noticed. In the long run prolonged pain can arise. eLearning is a new effective way of presenting ergonomic information at computer work places. The goal is to prevent computer related problems by improving motivation and understanding of how an optimal workplace should be designed and used, i.e. how an active relaxed working technique could be applied. ObjectivesErgonomhuset AB in Göteborg, Sweden has developed a 40 minutes eLearning Computer Ergonomics® programme. It consists of interactive sequences, short films, and practical exercises, and provides advice for computer work preventing RSI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the program among computer workers. The aim was to understand if the information resulted in increased awareness of body overload signals and increased motivation for a change. Further interest was to see what changes the participants have done at their computer work places. MethodThe eLearning program was given to 18 people at a company in Göteborg during 5 weeks. The program contains of 8 short parts (3-7 minutes each) and deals with how the body works, discomfort, stress, risks, prevention and advise. The separate parts can be viewed whenever the individual wants, as many times as required. A background questionnaire was given before the programme was introduced about working situation, equipment and physical problems. Each week a questionnaire was filled regarding how many times and which parts of the programme they had seen, workplace changes made and physical problems. In the end, a final larger questionnaire and interviews were performed. Results and conclusionMost participants had seen all parts of the programme, some of them several times. The awareness of body signals related to discomfort, fatigue and pain increased for all participants. They had also changed their overall working situation. The changes made were more frequent breaks, adjustments of chairs, desks and computer equipment, as well as reorganisation of work tasks. To conclude eLearning is an efficient and cost effective way to reach and motivate many people with information on individual basis on how they can prevent muscular skeletal problems during computer work.
37.	Hedin, Wilhelm, et al. (författare) A Rough Colony Morphology of Mycobacterium abscessus Is Associated With Cavitary Pulmonary Disease and Poor Clinical Outcome 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 227:6, s. 820-827 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is a difficult to treat mycobacterium with two distinct morphologies: smooth and rough. As the clinical implications are unclear, we explored the morphology of MABC in relation to disease and outcome.Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study including patients with confirmed MABC in Sweden, 2009-2020, with treatment outcome as the primary outcome. MABC colony morphology was determined by light microscopy on Middlebrook 7H10 agar plates.Results: Of the 71 MABC isolates, a defined morphology could be determined for 63 isolates, of which 40 were smooth (56%) and 23 were rough (32%). Immunosuppression, pulmonary disease, and cavitary lesion on chest radiographs were significantly associated with a rough isolate morphology. Participants with smooth isolates had more favorable treatment outcomes (12/14, 86%) compared to those with rough isolates (3/10, 30%). In an age-adjusted logistic regression, rough morphology of MABC was associated to lower odds of clinical cure compared to smooth morphology (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12; P = .049).Conclusions: Study participants with rough MABC colony morphology of isolates had a worse clinical outcome compared to those with smooth isolates. The biological mechanisms should be further characterized and colony morphology of MABC taken into account during clinical management.
38.	Henningsson, Anna, et al. (författare) Evaluation of two assays for CXCL13 analysis in cerebrospinal fluid for laboratory diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis 2016 Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 124:11, s. 985-990 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We evaluated the diagnostic performance of two assays, one bead-based assay and one enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the determination of CXCL13 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Patients investigated for LNB were retrospectively included (n = 132): 35 with definite LNB, 8 with possible LNB with CSF pleocytosis but normal antibody index (AI), 6 with possible LNB with elevated AI but no CSF pleocytosis and 83 non-LNB patients. CSF samples had been drawn before antibiotic treatment and were analysed for CXCL13 by Quantikine ELISA (Ramp;D Systems) and recomBead (Mikrogen). Receiver operating characteristic analyses based on the definite LNB and non-LNB groups revealed a best performance cut-off of 56 pg/mL for Quantikine and 158 pg/mL for recomBead (sensitivity and specificity 100% for both assays). When applying these cut-off levels on the study groups, the two assays performed equally well regarding sensitivity and specificity. In the group of patients with pleocytosis but negative AI, the majority of whom were children with short symptom duration, the CXCL13 analysis supported the LNB diagnosis in half of the cases. We consider CSF-CXCL13 analysis a useful diagnostic tool, in addition to Borrelia-specific AI, in laboratory diagnostics of LNB.
39.	Jonsson Henningsson, Anna, et al. (författare) Laboratory Methods for Detection of Infectious Agents and Serological Response in Humans With Tick-Borne Infections : A Systematic Review of Evaluations Based on Clinical Patient Samples 2021 Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 9 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Background: For the most important and well-known infections spread by Ixodes ticks, Lyme borreliosis (LB) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), there are recommendations for diagnosis and management available from several health authorities and professional medical networks. However, other tick-borne microorganisms with potential to cause human disease are less known and clear recommendations on diagnosis and management are scarce. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of published studies and reviews focusing on evaluation of laboratory methods for clinical diagnosis of human tick-borne diseases (TBDs), other than acute LB and TBE. The specific aim was to evaluate the scientific support for laboratory diagnosis of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis, neoehrlichiosis, babesiosis, hard tick relapsing fever, tularemia and bartonellosis, as well as tick-borne co-infections and persistent LB in spite of recommended standard antibiotic treatment.Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in 11 databases for research published from 2007 through 2017, and categorized potentially relevant references according to the predefined infections and study design. An expert group assessed the relevance and eligibility and reviewed the articles according to the QUADAS (diagnostic studies) or AMSTAR (systematic reviews) protocols, respectively. Clinical evaluations of one or several diagnostic tests and systematic reviews were included. Case reports, non-human studies and articles published in other languages than English were excluded.Results: A total of 48 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for evaluation. The majority of these studies were based on small sample sizes. There were no eligible studies for evaluation of tick-borne co-infections or for persistent LB after antibiotic treatment.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for larger evaluations of laboratory tests using clinical samples from well-defined cases taken at different time-points during the course of the diseases. Since the diseases occur at a relatively low frequency, single-center cross-sectional studies are practically not feasible, but multi-center case control studies could be a way forward.
40.	Karlöf, Eva, et al. (författare) Correlation of computed tomography with carotid plaque transcriptomes associates calcification with lesion-stabilization 2019 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - Stockholm : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 288, s. 175-185 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and aims: Unstable carotid atherosclerosis causes stroke, but methods to identify patients and lesions at risk are lacking. We recently found enrichment of genes associated with calcification in carotid plaques from asymptomatic patients. Here, we hypothesized that calcification represents a stabilising feature of plaques and investigated how macro-calcification, as estimated by computed tomography (CT), correlates with gene expression profiles in lesions. Methods: Plaque calcification was measured in pre-operative CT angiographies. Plaques were sorted into high- and low-calcified, profiled with microarrays, followed by bioinformatic analyses. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were performed to evaluate the findings in plaques and arteries with medial calcification from chronic kidney disease patients. Results: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers were upregulated in high-calcified plaques and calcified plaques from symptomatic patients, whereas macrophage markers were downregulated. The most enriched processes in high-calcified plaques were related to SMCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, while inflammation, lipid transport and chemokine signaling were repressed. These findings were confirmed in arteries with high medial calcification. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) was identified as the most upregulated gene in association with plaque calcification and found in the ECM, SMA+ and CD68+/TRAP + cells. Conclusions: Macro-calcification in carotid lesions correlated with a transcriptional profile typical for stable plaques, with altered SMC phenotype and ECM composition and repressed inflammation. PRG4, previously not described in atherosclerosis, was enriched in the calcified ECM and localized to activated macrophages and smooth muscle-like cells. This study strengthens the notion that assessment of calcification may aid evaluation of plaque phenotype and stroke risk.
41.	Lee, Kian Keat, et al. (författare) Effects of hydrothermal carbonization conditions on the textural and electrical properties of activated carbons 2016 Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 107, s. 619-621 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The influence of the hydrothermal conditions used for preparing precursors was studied with respect to the properties of the resulting KOH-activated carbons (KOH-ACs). The influence of the hydrothermal temperature (180 vs. 240 degrees C) was only minor on the textural properties of the KOH-ACs. However, the hydrothermal conditions did affect the electrical conductivity of the KOH-ACs. A higher conductivity was observed for the ACs prepared from precursors at the higher temperature and shorter reaction time. This study highlights an overlooked relationship in-between the degree of condensation in the precursors prepared from hydrothermal carbonization and the electrical conductivity of the corresponding ACs.
42.	Lee, Kian Keat, et al. (författare) Tailored activated carbons for supercapacitors derived from hydrothermally carbonized sugars by chemical activation 2016 Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:112, s. 110629-110641 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Activated carbons (ACs) are actively researched as electrode materials for supercapacitors and there is a significant interest to produce ACs from sustainable and low cost precursors. In this study, various ACs were prepared from hydrothermally carbonized sugars by KOH activation. Both the hydrothermal carbonization and activation processes were optimized to tailor the properties (e.g. textural properties, chemical composition, N-doping, electrical conductivity) of the ACs. For instance, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas (S-BET) were tuned in the range of 800-3000 m(2) g(-1) with associated variation in the extent of microporosity and pore size distributions (PSDs). The ACs were evaluated electrochemically as materials for supercapacitor electrodes in a symmetrical two-electrode cell using an aqueous electrolyte. The relationship between the electrochemical, textural, electrical, and physicochemical properties were analyzed systematically to understand the key factors determining the electrochemical performance. A high specific capacitance (C-m) of similar to 260 F g(-1) was achieved at a moderately high S-BET of similar to 1300 m(2) g(-1), which was equivalent to a C-m/S-BET of 20 mu F cm(-2), for an optimal AC prepared from hydrothermally carbonized glucose. The very high surface-specific capacitance highlights that the specific surface area is certainly not the sole limiting parameter for effective electrode materials.
43.	Lenander, Cecilia, et al. (författare) Tioårsuppföljning av Nationella forskarskolan i allmänmedicin : [120 Swedish PhD candidates in general practice have been admitted to the Swedish National Research School in General Practice during the first 10-year period] 2022 Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Since the start of the Swedish National Research School in General Practice, 120 Swedish PhD candidates in general practice have been admitted to the school, out of whom 89 during the first 10-year period. We have evaluated the academic achievements of the 53 (60%) PhD candidates that finished their thesis 2011-2020 by a questionnaire and bibliometric data collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. The questionnaire was answered by 52 (98%) and showed that 45 (87%) had continued with research work after their dissertation. Ten (19%) had done a post doc and four (8%) had become associate professors, out of whom one (2%) was a full professor. We found 519 peer-reviewed scientific publications authored by the alumni. The co-authors of these publications were affiliated all around the world, mainly in Sweden, followed by Australia and Germany. The National Research School will continue to strive towards increased quality of primary care research.
44.	Moberg, Anna B, et al. (författare) Change in the use of diagnostic tests in the management of lower respiratory tract infections: a register-based study in primary care 2020 Ingår i: BJGP open. - : Royal College of General Practitioners. - 2398-3795. ; 4:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Differentiating between pneumonia and acute bronchitis is often difficult in primary care. There is no consensus regarding clinical decision rules for pneumonia, and guidelines differ between countries. Use of diagnostic tests and change of management over time is not known. Aim To calculate the proportion of diagnostic tests in the management of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in a low antibiotic prescribing country, and to evaluate if the use and prescription pattern has changed over time. Design & setting A register-based study on data from electronic health records from January 2006 to December 2014 in the Kronoberg county of south east Sweden. Method Data regarding use of C-reactive protein (CRP), chest x-rays (CXRs), microbiological tests, and antibiotic prescriptions were assessed for patients aged 18–79 years, with the diagnosis pneumonia, acute bronchitis, or cough. Results A total of 54 229 sickness episodes were analysed. Use of CRP increased during the study period from 61.3% to 77.5% for patients with pneumonia (P<0.001), and from 53.4% to 65.7% for patients with acute bronchitis (P<0.001). Use of CXR increased for patients with acute bronchitis from 3.1% to 5.1% (P<0.001). Use of microbiological tests increased for patients with pneumonia, from 1.8% to 5.1% (P<0.001). The antibiotic prescription rate decreased from 18.6 to 8.2 per 1000 inhabitants per year for patients with acute bronchitis, but did not change for patients with pneumonia. Conclusion Use of CRP and microbiological tests in the diagnostics of LRTIs increased despite the fact that the incidence of pneumonia and acute bronchitis was stable.
45.	Moberg, Anna, 1976-, et al. (författare) Change in the use of diagnostic tests in the management of lower respiratory tract infections : a register-based study in primary care 2020 Ingår i: BJGP Open. - London, United Kingdom : Royal College of General Practitioners. - 2398-3795. ; 4:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Differentiating between pneumonia and acute bronchitis is often difficult in primary care. There is no consensus regarding clinical decision rules for pneumonia, and guidelines differ between countries. Use of diagnostic tests and change of management over time is not known.Aim To calculate the proportion of diagnostic tests in the management of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in a low antibiotic prescribing country, and to evaluate if the use and prescription pattern has changed over time.Design & setting A register-based study on data from electronic health records from January 2006 to December 2014 in the Kronoberg county of south east Sweden.Method Data regarding use of C-reactive protein (CRP), chest x-rays (CXRs), microbiological tests, and antibiotic prescriptions were assessed for patients aged 18–79 years, with the diagnosis pneumonia, acute bronchitis, or cough.Results A total of 54 229 sickness episodes were analysed. Use of CRP increased during the study period from 61.3% to 77.5% for patients with pneumonia (P<0.001), and from 53.4% to 65.7% for patients with acute bronchitis (P<0.001). Use of CXR increased for patients with acute bronchitis from 3.1% to 5.1% (P<0.001). Use of microbiological tests increased for patients with pneumonia, from 1.8% to 5.1% (P<0.001). The antibiotic prescription rate decreased from 18.6 to 8.2 per 1000 inhabitants per year for patients with acute bronchitis, but did not change for patients with pneumonia.Conclusion Use of CRP and microbiological tests in the diagnostics of LRTIs increased despite the fact that the incidence of pneumonia and acute bronchitis was stable.
46.	Osvalder, Anna-Lisa, 1961, et al. (författare) Evaluation of RH Logic 400 office chair Influence on comfort, physical loads and performance during computer work 2013 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Today there is a large amount of knowledge about ergonomics and working sitting postures during long hours of office computer work. There is also a large selection of office chairs available on the market with numerous possibilities of individual adjustments for optimal and varied sitting postures. For the manufacturers it is of great interest to show advantages such as increased productivity, decreased discomfort and reduced physical disorders as well as improved health and well-being when their ergonomic chairs are used at work. For optimal usage it is important that the users take advantage of all the ergonomic features offered. However, often problems arise when a chair has a large amount of settings with various design and functionality. It is difficult without instructions and training to understand how the various settings work and how they should be handled and adjusted optimally for a specific individual. The purpose of this study was to examine if the possibilities that the RH Logic 400 office chair offers to create an ergonomic, individual and varied working posture were employed optimally by the users and also what effects the features had on comfort and work performance. The goal was to determine if positive effects regarding comfort, health and performance arise during 5 weeks of office computer work. Furthermore the goal was to find out how the RH chair and its adjustments were perceived and handled by the users when they were informed in different ways during introduction of the chair in their company. 84 office computer workers at two companies participated in the study during a period of five weeks. 48 of workers got the RH Logic 400 office chair, while the others kept their ordinary office chairs. These functioned as a control group. Among the RH chair users, 28 received an verbal introduction/training session of the chair’s functions from a manufacturer sales person together with a physiotherapist. The others only got access to a small written information brochure from the manufacturer hanging under the chair. Before the study all participants filled in a comprehensive questionnaire about their personal data, working situation and health status. Then they answered a questionnaire each week during a five weeks period about their health and well-being status as well as if the had adjusted their chair and used its features. Finally another comprehensive questionnaire was filled out when the test period was finished. In total 18000 data points were collected from 7 questionnaires (together including 82 questions with sub-questions). The data was statistically analysed using Wilcoxons signed-rank test and Student’s t-test. The significant level was set to 5%.The concluding results from the study showed that the RH Logic 400 chair significantly decreased the physical strain in the neck, shoulder and lumbar regions, and for the shoulders on the right hand side. People with previous long-term physical problems in the upper part of their body perceived decreased distress after five weeks work in the RH chair. The sitting posture and the comfort were perceived better for the RH chair than in the test subjects’ previous chair. They also felt more relaxed in the RH chair. However the chair and back cushions of the RH chair were perceived stiffer than in their previous chair. The RH office chair had a positive impact on the working situation as a whole, but did not affect the stress level at work. When discussing work performance and stress all parts in the working environment have an effect on well-being and it is therefore difficult to separate effects from the chair. The understanding about how the adjustments of the RH chair should be performed, as well as usage of the rocking function, increased significantly when verbal presentation and training were given, as well as how often the adjustments were used. However, when the users had found suitable settings, they did seldom adjust their chairs again during the test period. Sitting height was the measure that most often was adjusted while the positions of the neck rest and arm rests seldom were changed. The recommendation from this study is that when delivering office chairs to customers it is very important to introduce the users on how to adjust and handle the chair to accomplish optimal individual settings. Also point out that the chair should be adjusted several times a day and the rocking function should be used frequently to achieve necessary posture changes. Furthermore, explicit written information material need to be developed, explaining how good individual ergonomic working postures can be found by adjusting the chair’s different settings properly and also in which order the settings should be performed.
47.	Paramel Varghese, Geena, 1985-, et al. (författare) Expression of CARD8 in human atherosclerosis and its regulation of inflammatory proteins in human endothelial cells 2020 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Caspase activation and recruitment domain 8 (CARD8) protein is a component of innate immunity and overexpression of CARD8 mRNA was previously identified in atherosclerosis. However, very little is known about the regulation of CARD8 in endothelial cells and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate CARD8 in the regulation of cytokine and chemokine expression in endothelial cells. Sections of human atherosclerotic lesions and non-atherosclerotic arteries were immunostained for CARD8 protein. Expression of CARD8 was correlated to mediators of inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions using Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies microarray data. The CARD8 mRNA was knocked-down in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, followed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis and OLINK Proteomics. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells in arterial tissue expressed CARD8 and CARD8 correlated with vWF, CD163 and the expression of inflammatory genes, such as CXCL1, CXCL6 and PDGF-A in plaque. Knock-down of CARD8 in HUVECs significantly altered proteins involved in inflammatory response, such as CXCL1, CXCL6, PDGF-A, MCP-1 and IL-6. The present study suggest that CARD8 regulate the expression of cytokines and chemokines in endothelial cells and atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that CARD8 plays a significant role in endothelial activation.
48.	Skogman, Barbro Hedin, 1967-, et al. (författare) Cytokines and chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid in relation to diagnosis, clinical presentation and recovery in children being evaluated for Lyme neuroborreliosis 2020 Ingår i: Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1877-959X .- 1877-9603. ; 11:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In Lyme neuroborrelios (LNB), the immune response has been in focus, but the association between different cytokines/chemokines and clinical manifestations in LNB patients has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate a large number of cytokines and chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in relation to diagnosis, clinical presentation and recovery in children being evaluated for LNB.Materials and methods: Pediatric patients (n = 105) were recruited at seven Swedish pediatric departments during 2010-14. Serum and CSF samples were drawn on admission, before start of antibiotic treatment. Patients diagnosed as Definite LNB or Possible LNB were categorized as LNBtot patients, all LNBtot patients presented with pleocytosis in CSF. Patients diagnosed as Non-LNB or Other diagnosis were categorized as Controls(tot), all controls(tot) presented without pleocytosis in CSF. Multiplex bead array (Luminex) kits were used for analyses of 41 different cytokines/chemokines in CSF (Millipore).Results: Twenty-eight cytokines/chemokines were detectable in CSF and the levels of 26 of these mediators were significantly higher in LNBtot patients than in Controls(tot). In a discriminant analysis, a combination of four cytokines/chemokines (CXCL1, GM-CSF, IL-7 and IL-10) were shown to independently separate relevant patient groups. Furthermore, an IL-10/CXCL1 ratio was created and shown to have an improved diagnostic performance in distinguishing LNBtot vs Non-LNB patients, as compared to CXCL13 in CSF. No immune mediator differed significantly, when comparing LNBtot patients with different clinical presentation on admission or when comparing patients with or without recovery within 2 months of admission.Conclusion: A discriminant analysis was shown to be useful to distinguish the independently most important cytokines/chemokines (CXCL1, GM-CSF, IL-7 and IL-10) in CSF, in order to discriminate LNBtot patients from Non-LNB patients. An IL-10/CXCL1 ratio was shown to have a promising diagnostic profile with a better performance than the chemokine CXCL13 in CSF. However, further evaluation is required to address future possible usefulness of these cytokines and chemokines in laboratory diagnostics in LNB, including control groups with neuro-inflammation. No significant associations were found between CSF immune mediator levels and clinical presentation or recovery in pediatric LNB patients.
49.	Szewczyk, Ireneusz, et al. (författare) Electrochemical Denitrification and Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene over N-doped Mesoporous Carbon : Atomic Level Understanding of Catalytic Activity by N-15 NMR Spectroscopy 2020 Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 32:17, s. 7263-7273 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Spherical mesoporous carbon (with a particle size in the range of 40−75 μm) was synthesized by nanoreplication of a hard silica template using sucrose as the carbon precursor. The mesoporous carbon with BET surface areas higher than 1200 m2/g was doped with N by a treatment in an aqueous solution of nitric acid and/or in a flow of gaseous ammonia. The highest N content (3.2 wt % of N in bulk) was obtained when both modification methods were combined. Complementary physicochemical characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-temperature N2 adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy revealed the morphology, structure, and textural properties of the synthesized N-loaded carbon materials. For the identification of the detailed chemical structure on the surface of the carbons, 1H, 13C, and 15N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were performed, and the data were supported by chemical shift calculations with accurate quantum chemistry methods and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analyses. All NMR experiments were performed at natural isotope abundance. The verified experimental data clearly showed that after the introduction of the N-containing moieties by the combined methods of treatment, a high concentration of pyridinic N at the edge, and pyrrolic N being external to the edge, was achieved for the mesoporous carbon. The distributed N surface species promoted the catalytic activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene but did not significantly influence the efficiency of the carbon materials in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate ions.
50.	Ulvenblad, Pia, 1961-, et al. (författare) Ledarpraktikan : Konsten att leda Mig själv, Mina medarbetare och Min verksamhet 2012 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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