| 1. |
- Thor, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection as treatment for low-volume metastatic seminoma in a population-based cohort : the Swedish Norwegian testicular cancer group experience
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Urology Open Science. - : Elsevier. - 2666-1691 .- 2666-1683. ; 65, s. 13-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: There is an unmet need to avoid long-term morbidity associated with standard cytotoxic treatment for low-volume metastatic seminoma. Our aim was to assess the oncological efficacy and surgical safety of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) as treatment in a population-based cohort of metastatic seminoma patients with limited retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.Methods: Sixty-two seminoma patients in Norway and Sweden were included in the cohort from 2019 to 2022. Patients with lymphadenopathy ≤3 cm, having primary clinical stage (CS) IIA/B or CS I with a relapse, were operated with uni- or bilateral template RPLND, open or robot assisted. The outcome measures included surgical complications as per Clavien-Dindo, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for 24-mo progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Key findings and limitations: In the cohort, 33 (53%) had CS I with a relapse during surveillance, six (10%) CS I with a relapse following adjuvant chemotherapy, and 23 (37%) initial CS IIA/B. Metastatic seminoma was verified in 58 patients (94%) with a median largest diameter of 18 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 13–24). Robot-assisted RPLND was performed in 40 patients (65%). Clavien-Dindo III complications were observed in three patients (5%); no grade ≥IV complications occurred. Eighteen patients (29%) received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. The median follow-up was 23 mo (IQR 16–30), and recurrence occurred in six patients (10%) after a median of 8 mo (IQR 4–14). PFS was 90% (95% confidence interval: 0.86–1) and OS was 100% at 24 mo.Conclusions and clinical implications: RPLND as primary treatment is an option for selected low-stage seminomas with a limited burden of disease, showing low complications and low relapse rates, with the potential to reduce long-term morbidity.Patient summary: In seminoma patients with limited metastatic spread, surgery is a treatment option offering an alternative to chemotherapy or radiation. This paper covers the first 62 patients operated in Norway and Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 3. |
- Gerdtsson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Initial surveillance in men with marker negative clinical stage IIA non-seminomatous germ cell tumours
- 2024
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Ingår i: BJU INTERNATIONAL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To assess whether extended surveillance with repeated computed tomography (CT) scans for patients with clinical stage IIA (CS IIA; <2 cm abdominal node involvement) and negative markers (Mk-) non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCTs) can identify those with true CS I. To assess the rate of benign lymph nodes, teratoma, and viable cancer in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) histopathology for patients with CS IIA Mk- NSGCT. Patients and methods Observational prospective population-based study of patients diagnosed 2008-2019 with CS IIA Mk- NSGCT in the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA) registry. Patients were managed with surveillance, with CT scans, and tumour markers every sixth week for a maximum of 18 weeks. Patients with radiological regression were treated as CS I, if progression with chemotherapy, and remaining CS IIA Mk- disease with RPLND. The end-point was the number and percentage of patients down-staged to CS I on surveillance and rate of RPLND histopathology presented as benign, teratoma, or viable cancer. Results Overall, 126 patients with CS IIA Mk- NSGCT were included but 41 received therapy upfront. After surveillance for a median (range) of 6 (6-18) weeks, 23/85 (27%) patients were in true CS I and four (5%) progressed. Of the remaining 58 patients with lasting CS IIA Mk- NSGCT, 16 received chemotherapy and 42 underwent RPLND. The RPLND histopathology revealed benign lymph nodes in 11 (26%), teratoma in two (6%), and viable cancer in 29 (70%) patients. Conclusions Surveillance with repeated CT scans can identify patients in true CS I, thus avoiding overtreatment. The RPLND histopathology in patients with CS IIA Mk- NSGCT had a high rate of cancer and a low rate of teratoma.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Månberg, Anna, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Altered perivascular fibroblast activity precedes ALS disease onset
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:4, s. 640-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apart from well-defined factors in neuronal cells1, only a few reports consider that the variability of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression can depend on less-defined contributions from glia2,3 and blood vessels4. In this study we use an expression-weighted cell-type enrichment method to infer cell activity in spinal cord samples from patients with sporadic ALS and mouse models of this disease. Here we report that patients with sporadic ALS present cell activity patterns consistent with two mouse models in which enrichments of vascular cell genes preceded microglial response. Notably, during the presymptomatic stage, perivascular fibroblast cells showed the strongest gene enrichments, and their marker proteins SPP1 and COL6A1 accumulated in enlarged perivascular spaces in patients with sporadic ALS. Moreover, in plasma of 574 patients with ALS from four independent cohorts, increased levels of SPP1 at disease diagnosis repeatedly predicted shorter survival with stronger effect than the established risk factors of bulbar onset or neurofilament levels in cerebrospinal fluid. We propose that the activity of the recently discovered perivascular fibroblast can predict survival of patients with ALS and provide a new conceptual framework to re-evaluate definitions of ALS etiology.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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How Will the Emerging Plurality of Lives Change? : How We Conceive of and Relate to Life?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Challenges. - : MDPI AG. - 2078-1547.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project “A Plurality of Lives” was funded and hosted by the Pufendorf Institute for Advanced Studies at Lund University, Sweden. The aim of the project was to better understand how a second origin of life, either in the form of a discovery of extraterrestrial life, life developed in a laboratory, or machines equipped with abilities previously only ascribed to living beings, will change how we understand and relate to life. Because of the inherently interdisciplinary nature of the project aim, the project took an interdisciplinary approach with a research group made up of 12 senior researchers representing 12 different disciplines. The project resulted in a joint volume, an international symposium, several new projects, and a network of researchers in the field, all continuing to communicate about and advance the aim of the project.
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| 7. |
- Stecksén, Anna, 1982-
(författare)
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Stroke thrombolysis on equal terms? : implementation and ADL outcome
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stroke thrombolysis is a method for restoring cerebral blood flow after ischemic stroke, with high priority in the Swedish national guidelines. implementation of stroke thrombolysis in Swedish routine stroke care has shown marked differences between demographic groups, hospital types, and regions. The general aim of this thesis were to examine the implementation of ischemic stroke thrombolysis in Swedish routine stroke care with an equity perspective; to gain more insight into the factors that influence implementation, how the treatment has reached patient groups, and differences in long-term outcomes between women and men. Analysis of data from research interviews with clinicians working within stroke care displayed that the facilitators of and barriers to the implementation of stroke thrombolysis could broadly be categorized into those related to individuals, to social interactions and context, and to organizational and resource issues. Key facilitating factors expressed in interviews were work pride and motivation, good leadership, involvement of all staff members in the implementation process, and quality assurance. Major barriers concerned lack of competence and experience, outdated attitudes regarding stroke management, counterproductive power structures, lack of continuity, and insufficient human resources. National quality register data displayed that stroke thrombolysis treatment expanded to reach more patients with mild deficits. Groups with higher education were more likely to receive treatment, compared to groups with lower educational level. These education group differences have, however, decreased over time in relative terms, but not in absolute terms. Further, there were considerable between-hospitals differences in treatment rates for patients with milder deficits, associated with hospital’s overall stroke thrombolysis rates. Moreover, larger non-university hospitals displayed treatment rate differences between educational groups that were not attributable to patient characteristics. Among thrombolysis-treated women and men, that was independent in ADL before their stroke and survived the first year post-stroke, women experienced higher probability to be dependent in ADL at both 3 and 12 months post-stroke, compared to men. This difference remained significant despite comprehensive adjustments for individual characteristics, symptom severity, and acute effects from stroke thrombolysis.This thesis displays that clinicians face barriers and facilitators at several levels, suggesting implementation interventions could be targeted towards both the individual-, the social interactions and context-, and also the organisation and available resources level. Assurance of clinicians’ individual competence, peer support, and clinical leadership seem to be important areas to intervene. Stroke thrombolysis rates have expanded over time, and an increase in stroke thrombolysis delivery to patients with mild stroke symptoms has contributed to this increase. However, it seems considerable differences between hospitals inhibit equity of care delivery. Further, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups receive less often stroke thrombolysis. Type of hospital seems to play a role, yet the reasons for this difference are not fully understood. This thesis also display that stroke thrombolysis-treated women that survive 1 year after stroke, appears to face higher risk for dependency in ADL, compared to men.
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| 8. |
- Vemuri, Kalyani, et al.
(författare)
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CD93 maintains endothelial barrier function and limits metastatic dissemination
- 2024
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Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society For Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compromised vascular integrity facilitates extravasation of cancer cells and promotes metastatic dissemination. CD93 has emerged as a target for antiangiogenic therapy, but its importance for vascular integrity in metastatic cancers has not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that CD93 participates in maintaining the endothelial barrier and reducing metastatic dissemination. Primary melanoma growth was hampered in CD93–/– mice, but metastatic dissemination was increased and associated with disruption of adherens and tight junctions in tumor endothelial cells and elevated expression of matrix metalloprotease 9 at the metastatic site. CD93 directly interacted with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and its absence led to VEGF-induced hyperphosphorylation of VEGFR2 in endothelial cells. Antagonistic anti-VEGFR2 antibody therapy rescued endothelial barrier function and reduced the metastatic burden in CD93–/– mice to wild-type levels. These findings reveal a key role of CD93 in maintaining vascular integrity, which has implications for pathological angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function in metastatic cancer.
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| 9. |
- Vikerfors, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Severe group A streptococcal infections in Uppsala County, Sweden : clinical and molecular characterization of a case cluster from 2006 to 2007
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 41:11-12, s. 823-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes a recent cluster of 30 patients (median age 52 years) with serious group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in Uppsala County, Sweden, from December 2006 to May 2007. Patients hospitalized with a severe GAS infection, i.e. cases with either invasive GAS (iGAS) disease or patients with a positive non-sterile site culture/rapid antigen test for GAS and clinically considered as having a critical disease, were included in the study. Common clinical presentations were skin and soft tissue infections (53%) and pneumonia (17%). Eight patients (27%) were diagnosed with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. In 40% of the cases no relevant underlying disease was reported. Among the 16 patients with soft tissue infections, the upper chest, neck or upper arm area was frequently affected and the infection was associated with severe pain. Among the 20 collected isolates, the T1/emm1 type dominated (80%). The majority (86%) of 7 analysed acute sera lacked neutralizing activity against superantigens produced by the patients' own infecting isolate. The study underscores the association between T1/emm1 and outbreaks of serious GAS infections. This highlights the importance of surveillance for prompt identification of more aggressive isolates in the community, thereby increasing awareness among healthcare professionals of these life-threatening infections.
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| 10. |
- Ameur, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive profiling of the vaginal microbiome in HIV positive women using massive parallel semiconductor sequencing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4, s. 4398-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infections by HIV increase the risk of acquiring secondary viral and bacterial infections and methods are needed to determine the spectrum of co-infections for proper treatment. We used rolling circle amplification (RCA) and Ion Proton sequencing to investigate the vaginal microbiome of 20 HIV positive women from South Africa. A total of 46 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types were found, many of which are not detected by existing genotyping assays. Moreover, the complete genomes of two novel HPV types were determined. Abundance of HPV infections was highly correlated with real-time PCR estimates, indicating that the RCA-Proton method can be used for quantification of individual pathogens. We also identified a large number of other viral, bacterial and parasitic co-infections and the spectrum of these co-infections varied widely between individuals. Our method provides rapid detection of a broad range of pathogens and the ability to reconstruct complete genomes of novel infectious agents.
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| 11. |
- Amin, Khabat, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of road safety trends 2020 : Management by objectives for road safety work towards the 2020 interim targets
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish road safety management is based on the Vision Zero and designated interim targets to track progress towards its achievement. 2020 was the final year for achieving the interim target of halving the number of fatalities between 2007 and 2020, i.e., a maximum of 220 fatalities in 2020. The interim target also specifies that the number of seriously injured in road traffic must be reduced by a quarter. This report describes and analyses the current road safety trends in terms of road safety performance indicators and the numbers of fatalities and seriously injured. As this report is the last for the 2007-2020 interim target period, it can be seen as a final summary of how well the targets were achieved for fatalities and seriously injured and for the safety performance indicators. However, it is also important to remember that the year 2020 coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a profound impact on virtually the entire society. This affected travel in a number of different ways, and consequently it is impossible to estimate the impact this has had on the outcome in 2020, although it probably has led to a slightly lower outcome. The table below shows starting and final values together with an overview of whether the safety performance indicators have met the 2020 targets.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Athlin, Simon, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults : updated Swedish guidelines 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 50:4, s. 247-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on expert group work, Swedish recommendations for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults are here updated. The management of sepsis-induced hypotension is addressed in detail, including monitoring and parenteral therapy. The importance of respiratory support in cases of acute respiratory failure is emphasized. Treatment with high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation is recommended. The use of statins or steroids in general therapy is not found to be fully supported by evidence. In the management of pleural infection, new data show favourable effects of tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease installation. Detailed recommendations for the vaccination of risk groups are afforded.
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| 16. |
- Aurell, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Mikroplaster : Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om källor till mikroplaster och förslag på åtgärder för minskade utsläpp i Sverige
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I augusti 2015 fick Naturvårdsverket i uppdrag från regeringen att identifiera viktigare källor i Sverige till utsläpp av mikroplaster till havet och verka för att reducera utsläppen från dessa källor. I den här rapporten redovisar Naturvårdsverket uppdraget. Vi presenterar resultaten från den första, övergripande kartläggningen av källor till och spridning av mikroplaster i Sverige, en bedömning av vilka av de kartlagda källorna som primärt bör åtgärdas samt vilka steg som behöver tas för att förebygga utsläpp och minska spridning av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag från dessa källor.Förekomsten av mikroplast i den marina miljön har uppmärksammats allt mer under senare år, inte minst på global nivå. Mikroplast är ett samlingsnamn för små, små plastfragment (1 nm till 5 mm). De mikroplaster som hittats i världshaven, men även i sötvattensystem, har olika ursprung. Mikroplast kan bildas oavsiktligt när plastföremål slits och plastpartiklar frigörs, eller när vi inte återanvänder, återvinner eller slänger plastmaterial på rätt sätt utan plasten blir skräp som succesivt bryts ned till mindre och mindre bitar i naturen. Det finns också plast som från början tillverkas som små pellets eller korn.Utgångspunkten för arbetet har varit miljökvalitetsmålen Hav i balans samt levande kust och Levande sjöar och vattendrag samt målet om Giftfri miljö. Reduceradeutsläpp av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag bidrar till att nå dessa mål.Uppdraget har genomförts av Naturvårdsverket i samarbete med Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, andra berörda myndigheter, samt med deltagande av berörda organisationer och andra intressenter mellan augusti 2015 och maj 2017. Slutsatserna är Naturvårdsverkets egna.
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| 17. |
- Barde, Swapnali, et al.
(författare)
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Substance P, NPY, CCK and their receptors in five brain regions in major depressive disorder with transcriptomic analysis of locus coeruleus neurons
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 78, s. 54-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious disease and a burden to patients, families and society. Rodent experiments and human studies suggest that several neuropeptide systems are involved in mood regulation. The aim of this study is two-fold: (i) to monitor, with qPCR, transcript levels of the substance P/tachykinin (TAC), NPY and CCK systems in bulk samples from control and suicide subjects, targeting five postmortem brain regions including locus coeruleus (LC); and (ii) to analyse expression of neuropeptide family transcripts in LC neurons of 'normal' postmortem brains by using laser capture microdissection with Smart-Seq2 RNA sequencing. qPCR revealed distinct regional expression patterns in male and female controls with higher levels for the TAC system in the dorsal raphe nucleus and LC, versus higher transcripts levels of the NPY and CCK systems in prefrontal cortex. In suicide patients, TAC, TAC receptors and a few NPY family transcript levels were increased mainly in prefrontal cortex and LC. The second study on 'normal' noradrenergic LC neurons revealed expression of transcripts for GAL, NPY, TAC1, CCK, and TACR1 and many other peptides (e.g. Cerebellin4 and CARTPT) and receptors (e.g. Adcyap1R1 and GPR173). These data and our previous results on suicide brains indicates that the tachykinin and galanin systems may be valid targets for developing antidepressant medicines. Moreover, the perturbation of neuropeptide systems in MDD patients, and the detection of further neuropeptide and receptor transcripts in LC, shed new light on signalling in noradrenergic LC neurons and on mechanisms possibly associated with mood disorders.
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| 18. |
- Bengtsen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Interdisciplinarity, group responsibility and conflict as resources for learning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Högskolepedagogisk reflektion och praktik : proceedings från humanistiska och teologiska fakulteternas pedagogiska inspirationskonferens 2012.
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the autumn of 2011, the course “The City: Boundary Transgressions and Visual Expressions” was given for the first time. Formally placed at the Division of Art History and Visual Studies, the course was a collaboration with the Division of Social Anthropology and was directed towards students from a range of disciplines within the fields of the humanities and social sciences. The course included an excursion to a European city (e.g. Paris, Berlin) during which the students conducted minor field studies in interdisciplinary groups. The present text presents and discusses some of the experiences derived from the course in relation to the themes of interdisciplinarity, conflict and group responsibility as learning resources. The main ideas behind the interdisciplinary group work as a central TLA was to give the students first-hand experience with different scientific methods and stances and to contextualize and emphasize the tradition that each student is embedded in. The response was generally positive. Students found it educational to use methods from different fields to gain a holistic understanding of their object of study. However, the course evaluations also show that the organization of the interdisciplinary group work can be challenging. Rather than seeing the conflicts that arise among students as a problem, in this paper we suggest to see them as resources and opportunities for learning. Consequently, while the course team has been available for consultation, the students have been expected to solve confrontations among themselves. This process of handling differences of opinion, work routines, etc. prepares the students for professional life both inside and outside of academia.
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| 19. |
- Bengtsen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Interdisciplinarity, group responsibility and conflict as resources for learning
- 2012
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Ingår i: ; , s. 5-12
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the autumn of 2011, the course “The City: Boundary Transgressions and Visual Expressions” was given for the first time. Formally placed at the Division of Art History and Visual Studies, the course is a collaboration with the Division of Social Anthropology and is directed towards students from a range of disciplines within the fields of the humanities and social sciences. The course includes an excursion to a European city (e.g. Paris, Berlin) during which the students conduct minor field studies in interdisciplinary groups. For the 2012 Pedagogic Inspiration Conference we propose to present and discuss some of the experiences derived from the course in relation to the themes of interdisciplinarity and conflict and group responsibility as learning resources. The main ideas behind the interdisciplinary group work as a central TLA is to give the students firsthand experience with different scientific methods and stances and to contextualize and emphasize the tradition that each student is embedded in. The response has generally been positive. Students find it educational to use methods from different fields to gain a holistic understanding of their object of study. However, the course evaluations also show that the organization of the group work can be challenging. Rather than seeing the conflicts that arise among students as a problem, we have come to see it as a resource and an opportunity for learning. Therefore, while the course team is available for consultation, the students are expected to solve confrontations among themselves. This process of handling differences of opinion, work routines, etc. prepares the students for professional life.
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| 20. |
- Bergea, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Education for sustainability as a transformative learning process : a pedagogical experiment in EcoDesign doctoral education
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 14:15-16, s. 1431-1442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents details about a doctoral-level EcoDesign course, as an education for sustainable development experience, in relation to pedagogic theory. The aim was to promote transformative learning in order to facilitate more productive use of environmental knowledge in product and business development. The course included interdisciplinary dialogue founded in real world experiences presented by lecturers from business, government and NGOs, as well as study visits and group work on the drafting of journal papers. The key pedagogical objective was to widen the perspective to embrace more humanly engaging concerns and to enhance the student's overall understanding about relations between sustainable development priorities and product design practices. @ 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Bergeå, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Education for sustainability as a transformative learning process: a pedagogical experiment in EcoDesign doctoral education
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 14:15-16, s. 1431-1442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents details about a doctoral-level EcoDesign course, as an education for sustainable development experience, in relation to pedagogic theory. The aim was to promote transformative learning in order to facilitate more productive use of environmental knowledge in product and business development. The course included interdisciplinary dialogue founded in real world experiences presented by lecturers from business, government and NGOs, as well as study visits and group work on the drafting of journal papers. The key pedagogical objective was to widen the perspective to embrace more humanly engaging concerns and to enhance the student's overall understanding about relations between sustainable development priorities and product design practices.
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| 22. |
- Bivik Stadler, Caroline, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Proactive Construction of an Annotated Imaging Database for Artificial Intelligence Training
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of digital imaging. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0897-1889 .- 1618-727X. ; 34, s. 105-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI) holds much promise for enabling highly desired imaging diagnostics improvements. One of the most limiting bottlenecks for the development of useful clinical-grade AI models is the lack of training data. One aspect is the large amount of cases needed and another is the necessity of high-quality ground truth annotation. The aim of the project was to establish and describe the construction of a database with substantial amounts of detail-annotated oncology imaging data from pathology and radiology. A specific objective was to be proactive, that is, to support undefined subsequent AI training across a wide range of tasks, such as detection, quantification, segmentation, and classification, which puts particular focus on the quality and generality of the annotations. The main outcome of this project was the database as such, with a collection of labeled image data from breast, ovary, skin, colon, skeleton, and liver. In addition, this effort also served as an exploration of best practices for further scalability of high-quality image collections, and a main contribution of the study was generic lessons learned regarding how to successfully organize efforts to construct medical imaging databases for AI training, summarized as eight guiding principles covering team, process, and execution aspects.
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| 23. |
- Björkdahl, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory rooms in psychiatric inpatient care : Staff experiences.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1445-8330 .- 1447-0349. ; 25:5, s. 472-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increased interest in exploring the use of sensory rooms in psychiatric inpatient care. Sensory rooms can provide stimulation via sight, smell, hearing, touch and taste in a demand-free environment that is controlled by the patient. The rooms may reduce patients' distress and agitation, as well as rates of seclusion and restraint. Successful implementation of sensory rooms is influenced by the attitudes and approach of staff. This paper presents a study of the experiences of 126 staff members who worked with sensory rooms in a Swedish inpatient psychiatry setting. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used. Data were collected by a web based self-report 12-item questionnaire that included both open- and closed-ended questions. Our findings strengthen the results of previous research in this area in many ways. Content analyses revealed three main categories: hopes and concerns, focusing on patients' self-care, and the room as a sanctuary. Although staff initially described both negative and positive expectations of sensory rooms, after working with the rooms, there was a strong emphasis on more positive experiences, such as letting go of control and observing an increase in patients' self-confidence, emotional self-care and well-being. Our findings support the important principals of person-centred nursing and recovery-oriented mental health and the ability of staff to implement these principles by working with sensory rooms.
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| 24. |
- Burman, Magnus, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cost and Energy Assessment of a High Speed Ship
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Small Craft Technology, RINA - Part B. - London : RINA. - 1740-0694. ; 150:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Burman, Magnus, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cost and energy assessment of a high speed ship
- 2006
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Ingår i: Second Conference on High Performance Yacht Design. - 9781622761852
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A comparison in total life cycle costs and energy consumption for one high speed ship design with three different structural materials have been performed. The investigation considers a high speed ferry with a steel hull and an aluminium superstructure, an all aluminium concept and a ship built in sandwich material with carbon fibre faces. The different materials will affect several cost elements during the design, the production and the operation of the ship until and including its disposal. Furthermore, the material selection has an impact on the energy consumption within all stages of the ships life cycle. The assessment is made in a comparative manner. Hence, identical out fitting components, e.g. interior, instrumentation, and ventilation are left out. It is shown that the steel version causes the highest costs and energy consumption. The sandwich construction has the lowest life cycle costs while the aluminium version has the lowest energy consumption. The break-even point between the steel and the composite versions appears after 4 years (only 2 years of operation!), the break-even point between the aluminium and the composite ferry is after 12 years (10 years of operation). A sensitivity analysis with different possible scenarios, e.g. change in interest, petrol cost, maintenance cost, has been performed. All of the investigated scenarios identify the composite version to have the lowest life cycle costs. This paper summarises an original work carried out as a master of science work as given in [1-2].
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| 26. |
- De Brandt, Jana, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Borg Cycle Strength Test (BCST) for prescribing supramaximal high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in COPD
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 62:Supplement 67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Prescription of supramaximal HIIT is ideally based on an all-out test. This is, however, not suitable for people with COPD, leading to the use of workloads obtained during a maximal incremental test (CPET), which are less specific for the prescription of supramaximal HIIT. Hence, we evaluated the feasibility of a submaximal anaerobic test, the BCST, that has been used in older adults to prescribe supramaximal HIIT, and the anaerobic cycle capacity of people with COPD vs. matched healthy controls (HC).Methods: Sixteen persons with COPD and HC performed a CPET and a BCST. The BCST is an incremental stepwise test (30s cycling, 30s rest) with two end-of-test criteria: 1) Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) ≥17 or 2) cadence <75 RPM for >5s. End-of-test RPE, symptoms, peak workload (Wpeak) and cardiorespiratory demand were obtained to assess feasibility.Results: A higher Wpeak and lower RPE, symptoms and cardiorespiratory demand were observed in the BCST vs. CPET in both groups (Table1). Absolute BCST Wpeak was significantly lower, while relative BCST Wpeak (%Wpeak CPET) was similar in people with COPD (146±24%) vs. HC (157±17%)(P=0.114).Conclusion: In people with COPD, the BCST is a feasible short-duration submaximal anaerobic test specific for prescribing supramaximal HIIT. Compared to the CPET, it allows for higher workloads with lower cardiorespiratory demand and symptom burden.
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| 27. |
- Elfstrand, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon routes from decomposing plant residues and living roots into soil food webs assessed with C-13 labelling
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 40:10, s. 2530-2539
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This field experiment investigated how C from fresh organic amendments and from a growing leek crop was allocated into different soil microbial and faunal groups in an arable field. A C-13-enriched red clover green manure was incorporated in one treatment, while the growing leek crop was pulse labelled with (CO2)-C-13 in another. Incorporation of C-13 into microbial fatty acids, micro- and macroarthropods, enchytraeids and earthworms was determined on several occasions during the growing season in order to determine whether different groups or species of microorganisms and fauna were specialised on either the decomposing green manure material or root-derived C. Compound-specific stable isotope ratio analysis showed fatty acid markers of actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria to be more strongly linked to C originating from the decomposing green manure material, whereas the marker for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was more linked to C from the growing leek crop. In contrast, several markers for Gram-negative bacteria were the most C-13-enriched and had incorporated more C-13 than the other phospholipid fatty acids in both treatments, indicating a general dominance irrespective of C source. Most soil fauna seemed to derive their C directly or indirectly from the decomposing plant material, while C from the growing crop appeared to be of secondary importance in this agroecosystem. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Enlund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of general anaesthesia on breast cancer survival: a 5-year follow up of a pragmatic, randomised, controlled trial, the CAN-study, comparing propofol and sevoflurane
- 2023
-
Ingår i: EClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2589-5370. ; 60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Anaesthesia may impact long-term cancer survival. In the Cancer and Anaesthesia study, we hypothesised that the hypnotic drug propofol will have an advantage of at least five percentage points in five-year survival over the inhalational anaesthetic sevoflurane for breast cancer surgery. Methods From 2118 eligible breast cancer patients scheduled for primary curable, invasive breast cancer surgery, 1764 were recruited after ethical approval and individual informed consent to this open label, single-blind, randomised trial at four county- and three university hospitals in Sweden and one Chinese university hospital. Of surveyed patients, 354 were excluded, mainly due to refusal to participate. Patients were randomised by computer at the monitoring organisation to general anaesthesia maintenance with either intravenous propofol or inhaled sevoflurane in a 1:1 ratio in permuted blocks. Data related to anaesthesia, surgery, oncology, and demographics were registered. The primary endpoint was five-year overall survival. Data are presented as Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Hazard Ratios based on Cox univariable regression analyses by both intention-to-treat and perprotocol. EudraCT, 2013-002380-25 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01975064. Findings Of 1764 patients, included from December 3, 2013, to September 29, 2017, 1670 remained for analysis. The numbers who survived at least five years were 773/841 (91.9% (95% CI 90.1-93.8)) in the propofol group and 764/829 (92.2% (90.3-94.0)) in the sevoflurane group, (HR 1.03 (0.73-1.44); P = 0.875); the corresponding results in the per-protocol-analysis were: 733/798 (91.9% (90.0-93.8)) and 653/710 (92.0% (90.0-94.0)) (HR = 1.01 (0.71-1.44); P = 0.955). Survival after a median follow-up of 76.7 months did not indicate any difference between the groups (HR 0.97, 0.72-1.29; P = 0.829, log rank test). Interpretation No difference in overall survival was found between general anaesthesia with propofol or sevoflurane for breast cancer surgery. Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 29. |
- Enroth, Stefan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Data-driven analysis of a validated risk score for ovarian cancer identifies clinically distinct patterns during follow-up and treatment
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Communications Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 2730-664X. ; 2:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundOvarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer among women and due to late detection prognosis is poor with an overall 5-year survival of 30–50%. Novel biomarkers are needed to reduce diagnostic surgery and enable detection of early-stage cancer by population screening. We have previously developed a risk score based on an 11-biomarker plasma protein assay to distinguish benign tumors (cysts) from malignant ovarian cancer in women with adnexal ovarian mass.MethodsProtein concentrations of 11 proteins were characterized in plasma from 1120 clinical samples with a custom version of the proximity extension assay. The performance of the assay was evaluated in terms of prediction accuracy based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and multiple hypothesis adjusted Fisher’s Exact tests on achieved sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe assay’s performance is validated in two independent clinical cohorts with a sensitivity of 0.83/0.91 and specificity of 0.88/0.92. We also show that the risk score follows the clinical development and is reduced upon treatment, and increased with relapse and cancer progression. Data-driven modeling of the risk score patterns during a 2-year follow-up after diagnosis identifies four separate risk score trajectories linked to clinical development and survival. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of 5-year survival shows that at time of diagnosis the risk score is the second-strongest predictive variable for survival after tumor stage, whereas MUCIN-16 (CA-125) alone is not significantly predictive.ConclusionThe robust performance of the biomarker assay across clinical cohorts and the correlation with clinical development indicates its usefulness both in the diagnostic work-up of women with adnexal ovarian mass and for predicting their clinical course.
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| 30. |
- Faber, Zachary J, et al.
(författare)
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The genomic landscape of core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemias
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 48, s. 1551-1556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a heterogeneous group of leukemias frequently defined by recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, including rearrangements involving the core-binding factor (CBF) transcriptional complex. To better understand the genomic landscape of CBF-AMLs, we analyzed both pediatric (n = 87) and adult (n = 78) samples, including cases with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (n = 85) or CBFB-MYH11 (n = 80) rearrangements, by whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing. In addition to known mutations in the Ras pathway, we identified recurrent stabilizing mutations in CCND2, suggesting a previously unappreciated cooperating pathway in CBF-AML. Outside of signaling alterations, RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and CBFB-MYH11 AMLs demonstrated remarkably different spectra of cooperating mutations, as RUNX1-RUNX1T1 cases harbored recurrent mutations in DHX15 and ZBTB7A, as well as an enrichment of mutations in epigenetic regulators, including ASXL2 and the cohesin complex. This detailed analysis provides insights into the pathogenesis and development of CBF-AML, while highlighting dramatic differences in the landscapes of cooperating mutations for these related AML subtypes.
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| 31. |
- Fredriksson Adman, Anna, 1967-
(författare)
-
Heymericus de Campo: Dyalogus super Reuelacionibus beate Birgitte : A Critical Edition with an Introduction
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation contains an edition of Dyalogus super Reuelacionibus beate Birgitte, which is a discussion and defence of the Revelations (Reuelaciones) of St. Birgitta of Sweden (ca. 1303-1373). In legal proceedings at the Council of Basle (1431-1449), the Reuelaciones were accused of heresy, examined and defended. Among the defenders was Heymericus de Campo (1395-1460), who at that time was professor of theology at the University of Cologne. In addition to the formal examination reports, Heymericus wrote a dialogue on the subject. The Dyalogus, which was probably composed as a contribution to a debate, is tentatively dated to have been written between October 1434 and February 17, 1435. The main part of Dyalogus consists of 123 text passages extracted from the Reuelaciones and accused of heresy, and Heymericus’ defence of these text passages. The aim of the defence is to prove that the Reuelaciones are truly orthodox and thus inspired by God. In addition, Heymericus intends to display the reasons and arguments the impugners had for questioning the Reuelaciones. Dyalogus and the other defences were read and copied foremost within the Birgittine order. The judgement passed at the proceedings called for a commentary before the Reuelaciones could be disseminated to the whole of their extent. To the Birgittines the defences of Basle filled this purpose, at least for some time.The extensive introduction of the thesis deals with the historical context of the text, its use and importance, its place within the author’s literary production, the contents and language of the text, and finally the textual transmission. Vadstena Abbey’s copy of the text is chosen as base manuscript for the edition.
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| 32. |
- Giedraitis, Vilmantas, et al.
(författare)
-
New Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 8
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 43:12, s. 931-935
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Family history is one of the most consistent risk factors for dementia. Therefore, analysis of families with a distinct inheritance pattern of disease can be a powerful approach for the identification of previously unknown disease genes. Objective: To map susceptibility regions for Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A complete genome scan with 369 microsatellite markers was carried out in 12 extended families collected in Sweden. Age at disease onset ranged from 53 to 78 years, but in 10 of the families there was at least one member with age at onset of <= 65 years. Mutations in known early-onset Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes have been excluded. All people were genotyped for APOE, but no clear linkage with the epsilon 4 allele was observed. Results: Although no common disease locus could be found in all families, in two families an extended haplotype was identified on chromosome 8q shared by all affected members. In one of the families, a non-parametric multi-marker logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 4.2 (p = 0.004) was obtained and analysis based on a dominant model showed a parametric LOD score of 2.4 for this region. All six affected members of this family shared a haplotype of 10 markers spanning about 40 cM. Three affected members in another family also shared a haplotype in the same region. Conclusion: On the basis of our data, we propose the existence of a dominantly acting Alzheimer's disease susceptibility locus on chromosome 8.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Gustavsson, Inger M., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical validation of the HPVIR high-risk HPV test on cervical samples according to the international guidelines for human papillomavirus DNA test requirements for cervical cancer screening
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Virology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-422X. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe indicating FTA card is a dry medium used for collection of cervical samples. HPVIR is a multiplex real-time PCR test that detects 12 high-risk human papillomavirus types (hrHPV) and provides single genotype information for HPV16, − 31, − 35, − 39, − 51, − 56, and − 59 and pooled type information for HPV18/45 and HPV33/52/58. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a strategy with cervical samples collected on the FTA card and subsequently analysed with the HPVIR test complies with the criteria of the international guidelines for a clinically validated method for cervical screening.MethodsWe performed a non-inferiority test comparing the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the candidate test (FTA card and HPVIR) with a clinically validated reference test (Cobas® HPV test) based on liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples. Two clinical samples (LBC and FTA) were collected from 896 participants in population-based screening. For evaluation of the specificity we used 799 women without ≥ CIN2, and for clinical sensitivity we used 67 women with histologically confirmed ≥ CIN2. The reproducibility was studied by performing inter- and intra-laboratory tests of 558 additional clinical samples.ResultsThe clinical sensitivity and specificity for samples collected on the FTA card and analysed using the HPVIR test were non-inferior to samples analysed with the Cobas® HPV test based on LBC samples (non-inferiority test score, p = 1.0 × 10− 2 and p = 1.89 × 10− 9, respectively). Adequate agreement of > 87% was seen in both the intra- and inter-laboratory comparisons.ConclusionsSamples collected on the indicating FTA card and analysed with HPVIR test fulfil the requirements of the international guidelines and can therefore be used in primary cervical cancer screening.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Halsaa, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
-
Patriarkatet existerar
- 1984
-
Ingår i: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. - 0039-0747. ; :3, s. 276-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Hedlund, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
A simulation-based method for evaluation of energy system cooperation between pulp and paper mills and a district heating system : A case study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 19 World academy of science, engineering and technology conference proceedings. ; , s. 1158-1164
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A step towards reducing greenhouse gases and energy consumption is to collaborate with the energy system between several industries. This work is based on a case study on integration of pulp and paper mills with a district heating system in Sundsvall, Sweden. Present research shows that it is possible to make a significant reduction in the electricity demand in the mechanical pulping process. However, the profitability of the efficiency measures could be an issue, as the excess steam recovered from the refiners decreases with the electricity consumption. A consequence will be that the fuel demand for steam production will increase. If the fuel price is similar to the electricity price it would reduce the profit of such a project. If the paper mill can be integrated with a district heating system, it is possible to upgrade excess heat from a nearby kraft pulp mill to process steam via the district heating system in order to avoid the additional fuel need. The concept is investigated by using a simulation model describing both the mass and energy balance as well as the operating margin. Three scenarios were analyzed: reference, electricity reduction and energy substitution. The simulation show that the total input to the system is lowest in the Energy substitution scenario. Additionally, in the Energy substitution scenario the steam from the incineration boiler covers not only the steam shortage but also a part of the steam produced using the biofuel boiler, the cooling tower connected to the incineration boiler is no longer needed and the excess heat can cover the whole district heating load during the whole year. The study shows a substantial economic advantage if all stakeholders act together as one system. However, costs and benefits are unequally shared between the actors. This means that there is a need for new business models in order to share the system costs and benefits.
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| 39. |
- Hedlund, Anna
(författare)
-
Anthropology of Rape in War: Sexual Violence and Magical Beliefs in the Congo War.
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper discusses the landscape of sexual violence in the DR Congo, it draws attention to agency, violence, personhood, emotions and understanding of sexual violence by perpetrators, victims and those organizations seeking to combat the phenomenon. DR Congo have been cited by international actors and media as a region where sexual violence is used "as a weapon of war" and women's situation is constantly described internationally in the vocabulary of 'victim', 'vulnerability', 'fear', 'pain' while the grammar of manhood is described as 'perpetrator', 'aggression' and 'power'. In this discourse, international organisations disregard cultural and traditional implications, such as, the local attention to imaginary and parallel worlds, the role of good and the evil and witchcraft in conflict which will be discussed is linked to rape and enduring violence. This paper argues for the need to combine internal and external conceptions of rape in conflict and (1.) It investigates the local performances of self and understandings of identity formations in what is now called "rape affected communities" within the context of conflict. (2.) Critically examines the mobilization of political "emotions" by international actors and their motives behind making the private (rape) public.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hedlund, Anna, 1983
(författare)
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Brottsförebyggande ungdomsarbete i Malmö och Helsingborg: En utvärdering av Fryshuset preventiva insatser och civilsamhällets roll för unga i riskzonen
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten är en utvärdering och analys av Stiftelsens Fryshusets förebyggande ungdomsarbete i Malmö och Helsingborg och bygger till stor del på intervjuer med ungdomar i utsatta områden, samt fältstudier. Rapporten är skriven på uppdrag av Stiftelsen Fryshuset, är finansierad av H.M. Drottning Silvias Stiftelse – Care About the Children, och påbörjades i maj 2021 och avslutades i december 2021. Syftet med rapporten är att analysera det så kallade D'e'D–projektet i Malmö och i Helsingborg, uppstart av ny verksamhet, i ett försök att sammanfatta hur ungdomar uppfattar dessa insatser och vilken betydelse projekten har för unga. Detta görs utifrån Fryshuset ambition att skapa tillitsfulla relationer med unga i utsatta områden i Malmö och Helsingborg och arbeta förebyggande och främjande gentemot ungdomar som befinner sig i riskzonen för att hamna i destruktiva miljöer och/eller brottslighet. Stiftelsen Fryshusets arbete når ut till en stor del av Sveriges ungdomar och dess verksamhet finns i flera städer och innefattar sociala projekt, utbildningar, arbetsmarknadsinsatser, dans, sport och musik. Fokus, oavsett projekt, är förebyggande ungdomsarbete och att ungdomar ska tillåtas växa och utvecklas. Fryshuset bedriver mer än 60 projekt i hela Sverige och verksamheterna är uppdelade i områdena Ungdomskultur, Föredöme och Framtidstro, Skolor och Arbete och Entreprenörskap. Fryshuset bedriver även den nationella avhopparverksamheten Passus där målgruppen är unga från hela Sverige som vill lämna ett kriminellt gäng. År 2020 mottog Fryshuset i Region Syd finansiering för att under 3 år starta upp en ny verksamhet (D'e'D–projektet) med fokus på förebyggande ungdomsarbete i Malmö och Helsingborg. Under perioden då finansieringen tilldelades hade Malmö drabbats av flera dödsskjutningar i utsatta områden. Unga personer var både inblandade i, och drabbade av skjutningarna. I Helsingborg hade man observerat en liknande utveckling i stadens utsatta områden med ungdomsgäng som rekryterade unga in i kriminalitet och drogförsäljning. Syftet med de nystartade projekten i Malmö och Helsingborg var att förebygga brottslighet och droganvändning bland unga och arbeta främjande mot en målgrupp som är svår att nå ut till. Målgruppen är unga i åldern 13¬–29 år som ofta befinner sig i en kriminell eller destruktiv livsstil och bor i utsatta områden där misstron mot myndigheter är utbredd. I Malmö startades då D'e'D projektet som genom flera aktiviteter såsom uppsökande verksamhet, mötesplats, och olika utbildningar, vänder sig till ungdomar i riskgruppen (de olika aktiviteterna beskrivs i detalj nedan). I Helsingborg användes projektmedel för att starta upp en helt ny verksamhet för ungdomar (som beskrivs mer ingående i studien). Inom projekten har flera relationsvärdar anställts. Relationsvärdarna, som även kallas för ”credible messengers” är själva unga personer som har en erfarenhet av de områden de arbetar i, de talar flera språk och några har själva en historia av kriminalitet eller destruktivitet, och ska agera positiva förebilder för målgruppen. I rapporten beskrivs denna metod mer ingående och på vilket sätt relationsvärdarna arbetar för att uppnå målet med att vara förebilder. Som en del av projekteringen ingick en utvärdering, detta för att följa upp projektets implementering och säkerställa dess kvalité, men framförallt för att få en inblick i hur unga själva uppfattar de förebyggande projekten och vilken betydelse och effekt insatserna har för unga i Malmö och Helsingborg. Den här rapporten är ett resultat av den utvärderingen. Arbetet med rapporten påbörjades i maj 2021, materialinsamlingen pågick fram till oktober 2021 och består av material som är insamlat genom intervjuer med ungdomar, relationsvärdar (personal) i D'e'D–projektet i Malmö, intervjuer med personal från verksamheten i Helsingborg, och från Passus (Fryshuset avhopparverksamhet). Den största delen av intervjuer har gjorts med målgruppen och unga i riskzonen. I rapporten har jag fokuserat på hur ungdomar upplever Fryshusets verksamhet, samt hur projektet har sjösatts och vilka aktiviteter som används för att uppnå målen med att vara en förebyggande aktör i samhället. Med avstamp i relevant litteratur om förebyggande arbete och civilsamhällets roll i det förebyggande arbetet har en behovsanalys gjorts av målgruppen samt att studien sammanfattar vad projektet har uppnått hitintills. Sammanlagt har 43 unga killar och tjejer i åldern 13¬–29 år intervjuats. Intervjuerna utfördes både individuellt och i grupp. Under studiens gång har jag deltagit på uppsökande verksamhet vid sju tillfällen för att observera hur personalen arbetar i fält och hur ungdomarna bemöter detta. Jag har genomfört deltagande observationer på olika aktiviteter, lyssnat på inbjudna föreläsare och spenderat mycket tid på Fryshusets mötesplats för unga.
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| 42. |
- Hedlund, Anna, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of Gd2O3 Nanoparticles in Hematopoietic Cells for MRI Contrast Enhancement
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) broadens, the importance of having specific and efficient contrast agents increases and there has been a huge development in the fields of molecular imaging and intracellular markers. Previous studies have shown that gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3 ) nanoparticles generate higher relaxivity than currently available Gd chelates. The Gd2O3 nanoparticles are also promising for MRI cell tracking. The aim of the present work was to study cell labeling with Gd2O3 nanoparticles and to improve techniques for monitoring hematopoietic stem cell migration by MRI. We studied particle uptake in two cell lines; the hematopoietic progenitor cell line Ba/F3 and the monocytic cell line THP-1. Cells were incubated with Gd2O3 nanoparticles as well as superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) for comparison. In addition, it was investigated whether the transfection agent protamine sulfate increased the particle uptake. Treated cells were examined by microscopic techniques, MRI and analyzed for particle content. Results showed that particles were intracellular, however in Ba/F3 only sparsely. The relaxation times were shortened with increasing particle concentration. Overall relaxivities, r1 and r2 for Gd2O3 nanoparticles in all cell samples measured were 5.1 ± 0.3 and 14.9 ± 0.7 (s-1mM-1) respectively. Goodness of fit was 0.97 in both cases. Protamine sulfate treatment increased the uptake in both Ba/F3 cells and THP-1 cells. Viability of treated cells was not significantly decreased and thus, we conclude that the use of Gd2O3 nanoparticles is suitable for this type of cell labeling by means of detecting and monitoring hematopoietic cells.
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| 43. |
- Hedlund, Anna
(författare)
-
Exile Warriors : Violence and Community among Hutu Rebels in the eastern Congo
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is an anthropological study of war and violence in the volatile eastern territories of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The ethnographic focus is on one of the largest rebel groups currently operating in the Congo conflicts, the Hutu-dominated Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR). These Hutu rebels arrived in the Congo in 1994, after the genocide in neighboring Rwanda. Whereas the leadership of the FDLR is implicated in genocide and war crimes in Rwanda, the majority of the combatants and their family members are now second-generation refugees living in exile. For 20 years, the Hutu rebels have lived in the mountainous forests of the Congo, fighting with and against various state armies and local militias, as well as carrying out violence against the Congolese civilian population. Fieldwork with the soldiers in this Hutu rebel camp reveals a long and complex history of violence that begins in neighboring Rwanda and continues in the eastern Congo in various forms. Based on participant-observation and interviews with high-ranking rebel leaders, combatants, child soldiers, and their family members inside a rebel military unit, this study shows how individuals perceive their own life conditions in war and in everyday life. The study is moving beyond stereotypical labels of this group as ‘perpetrators.’ Instead, it describes the rebels’ worldview as exiles and the micro-politics and practices of everyday life in a military camp. By analyzing narratives and experiences of history, war, and violence, this study shows how individual and collective identity is constructed inside the rebel camp. In the social practices of a rebel community, reconfigurations of memory and history, including the memory of genocide, structure the way in which ideologies of war are produced and maintained. The study further shows how a rebel community is socially organized. This organization is more than simple military hierarchy. Social order goes hand in hand with the mundane routines of everyday life. Hence, this study explores religious, political, and military practices, how individuals deal with the surrounding emergencies of war, and how physical violence can explode in specific contexts. Finally, the study shows that although some individuals might profit from procuring and distributing scarce resources in a conflict situation, the majority of the soldiers and their family members are caught up in a political and structural conflict where individuals find few exits. For many of these Hutu rebels, soldiers, and their families, their everyday life is at the most marginal of levels, reduced to a life of war and violence in the forest.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hedlund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells for MRI contrast enhancement
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of nano medicine. - Manchester, UK : Dove Medical Press Ltd. - 1178-2013. ; 6, s. 3233-3240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) broadens, the importance of having specific and efficient contrast agents increases and in recent time there has been a huge development in the fields of molecular imaging and intracellular markers. Previous studies have shown that gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles generate higher relaxivity than currently available Gd chelates: In addition, the Gd2O3 nanoparticles have promising properties for MRI cell tracking. The aim of the present work was to study cell labeling with Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells and to improve techniques for monitoring hematopoietic stem cell migration by MRI. Particle uptake was studied in two cell lines: the hematopoietic progenitor cell line Ba/F3 and the monocytic cell line THP-1. Cells were incubated with Gd2O3 nanoparticles and it was investigated whether the transfection agent protamine sulfate increased the particle uptake. Treated cells were examined by electron microscopy and MRI, and analyzed for particle content by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Results showed that particles were intracellular, however, sparsely in Ba/F3. The relaxation times were shortened with increasing particle concentration. Relaxivities, r1 and r2 at 1.5 T and 21°C, for Gd2O3 nanoparticles in different cell samples were 3.6–5.3 s-1 mM-1 and 9.6–17.2 s-1 mM-1, respectively. Protamine sulfate treatment increased the uptake in both Ba/F3 cells and THP-1 cells. However, the increased uptake did not increase the relaxation rate for THP-1 as for Ba/F3, probably due to aggregation and/or saturation effects. Viability of treated cells was not significantly decreased and thus, it was concluded that the use of Gd2O3 nanoparticles is suitable for this type of cell labeling by means of detecting and monitoring hematopoietic cells. In conclusion, Gd2O3 nanoparticles are a promising material to achieve positive intracellular MRI contrast; however, further particle development needs to be performed.
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- Hedlund, Anna, 1983
(författare)
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Hutu Rebels. Exile Warriors in the Eastern Congo
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1994, almost one million ethnic Tutsis were killed in the genocide in Rwanda. In the aftermath of the genocide, some of the top-echelon Hutu officers who had organized it fled Rwanda to the eastern Congo (DRC) and set up a new base for military operation, with the goal of retaking power in Kigali, Rwanda. More than twenty years later, these rebel forces comprise a diverse group of refugees, rebel fighters, and civilian dependents who operate from mountain areas in the Congo forests and have a long and complex history of war and violence. While media and human rights reports typically portray this rebel group as one of the most brutal rebel factions operating in the eastern Congo region, Hutu Rebels paints a more complex picture. Having conducted ethnographic fieldwork in a rebel camp located deep in the Congo forest, Anna Hedlund explores the micropolitics and practices of everyday life among a community of Hutu rebel fighters and their families, living under the harshest of conditions. She describes the Hutu fighters not only as a military unit with a vision of return to Rwanda but also as a community engaged in the present Congo conflicts. Hedlund focuses on how fighters and their families perceive their own life conditions, how they remember and articulate the events of the genocide, and why they continue to fight in what appears to be an endless conflict. Hutu Rebels argues that we need to move beyond compiling catalogs of atrocities and start examining the "ordinary life" of combatants if we want to understand the ways in which violence is expressed in the context of a most brutal conflict.
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