| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Wasserman, D, et al.
(författare)
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Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1778-3585. ; 63:1, s. e82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care.Methods.The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions.Results.We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures.Conclusions.We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Deng, QL, et al.
(författare)
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Specific and integrated roles of Lmx1a, Lmx1b and Phox2a in ventral midbrain development
- 2011
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Ingår i: Development (Cambridge, England). - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9129 .- 0950-1991. ; 138:16, s. 3399-3408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The severe disorders associated with a loss or dysfunction of midbrain dopamine neurons (DNs) have intensified research aimed at deciphering developmental programs controlling midbrain development. The homeodomain proteins Lmx1a and Lmx1b are important for the specification of DNs during embryogenesis, but it is unclear to what degree they may mediate redundant or specific functions. Here, we provide evidence showing that DN progenitors in the ventral midbrain can be subdivided into molecularly distinct medial and lateral domains, and these subgroups show different sensitivity to the loss of Lmx1a and Lmx1b. Lmx1a is specifically required for converting non-neuronal floor-plate cells into neuronal DN progenitors, a process that involves the establishment of Notch signaling in ventral midline cells. On the other hand, lateral DN progenitors that do not appear to originate from the floor plate are selectively ablated in Lmx1b mutants. In addition, we also reveal an unanticipated role for Lmx1b in regulating Phox2a expression and the sequential specification of ocular motor neurons (OMNs) and red nucleus neurons (RNNs) from progenitors located lateral to DNs in the midbrain. Our data therefore establish that Lmx1b influences the differentiation of multiple neuronal subtypes in the ventral midbrain, whereas Lmx1a appears to be exclusively devoted to the differentiation of the DN lineage.
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| 7. |
- Hedlund, J., et al.
(författare)
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Management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated in hospital in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548. ; 34:12, s. 887-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated in hospital in Sweden, a multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed with medical record review of 982 patients (mean age 63 y) at 17 departments of infectious diseases at hospitals in Sweden. Information on antimicrobial therapy, demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, physical examination findings, and laboratory and microbiological test results were recorded. Outcome measures were in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). Cultures were obtained from blood in 80% and from sputum in 22% of the patients. A microbiological aetiology was determined for 23% of the patients, with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the dominating agent (9%). The initial antibiotic treatment was mostly given intravenously (78%). Penicillin (50%) or a cephalosporin (30%) was the most common choice. Both of these drugs were usually given as a single agent. The overall mortality was 3.5% and the mean LOS was 6.4 d. Thus, the outcome was favourable despite the empirical antibiotic treatment having a narrow spectrum compared with the broader approach recommended in most recent guidelines on the management of CAP. These findings suggest that a majority of patients who are hospitalized with moderately severe pneumonia can be treated initially with penicillin alone.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Murray, Alison E., et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap for naming uncultivated Archaea and Bacteria
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2058-5276. ; 5:8, s. 987-994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assembly of single-amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) has led to a surge in genome-based discoveries of members affiliated with Archaea and Bacteria, bringing with it a need to develop guidelines for nomenclature of uncultivated microorganisms. The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) only recognizes cultures as 'type material', thereby preventing the naming of uncultivated organisms. In this Consensus Statement, we propose two potential paths to solve this nomenclatural conundrum. One option is the adoption of previously proposed modifications to the ICNP to recognize DNA sequences as acceptable type material; the other option creates a nomenclatural code for uncultivated Archaea and Bacteria that could eventually be merged with the ICNP in the future. Regardless of the path taken, we believe that action is needed now within the scientific community to develop consistent rules for nomenclature of uncultivated taxa in order to provide clarity and stability, and to effectively communicate microbial diversity. In this Consensus Statement, the authors discuss the issue of naming uncultivated prokaryotic microorganisms, which currently do not have a formal nomenclature system due to a lack of type material or cultured representatives, and propose two recommendations including the recognition of DNA sequences as type material.
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| 10. |
- Benigni, F, et al.
(författare)
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Oral treatment with a vitamin D3 analogue (BXL628) has anti-inflammatory effects in rodent model of interstitial cystitis
- 2006
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Ingår i: BJU International. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 97:3, s. 617-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the effects of a vitamin D3 analogue (BXL628) in a model of chronic cystitis, as calcitriol analogues might be an interesting new therapeutic option for interstitial cystitis, for although the cause of the disease remains unclear, the increase in mast cells in the mucosa and detrusor muscle are significant. We devised a mouse model of allergen-induced allergic cystitis that is associated with the up-regulation of genes for interleukin-13, Fc epsilon RI alpha and mast cells-derived proteases, a massive inflammatory reaction in the bladder tissue, and augmented levels of mast cell-derived protease 1 (MMCP1) detected in mouse sera. Oral administration of BXL628 significantly reduced the expression of interleukin-13, Fc epsilon RI alpha and MMCP1 in the bladder. Furthermore, histological analysis showed a decrease in oedema and leukocyte infiltration in the bladder wall. BXL628 treatment reduced serum MMCP1 levels, indicating an effect on mast cell degranulation in vivo. Vitamin D3 analogues may successfully be used as anti-inflammatory agents in allergen-mediated inflammatory reactions. Moreover, the modulatory effect shown on mast cell activation by the BXL628 analogue strongly supports its potential therapeutic use in a possibly mast cell-dependent disease such as human interstitial cystitis.
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| 11. |
- Hedlund, E., et al.
(författare)
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A new test stand for heavy ion induced gas desorption measurements at TSL
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 586:3, s. 377-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In several experiments at CERN, GSI and BNL it has been found that the lifetime of highly energetic heavy ions in synchrotrons decreases with increasing number of injected ions. This phenomenon occurs due to the collisions of beam ions and residual gas molecules leading to the change of charge of the ions and their loss on the vacuum chamber walls, which in turn cause ion-induced gas desorption and further pressure increase. To gain a deeper understanding of the ion-induced desorption process in the energy range 5-45 MeV/u, a dedicated test stand was built at the end of the K beamline at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) in Uppsala, Sweden. The energy range was chosen due to the fact that the injection energy of the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI will be 10 MeV/u, and that there are insufficient data in this energy range. A Test Particle Monte-Carlo model of the experimental set-up was build-up, run and analysed for different sample configurations. An important result is that for the same sample material the desorption yield from a flat sample causes a 1.58 times larger pressure increase than that of a tubular sample. A detailed explanation of the set-up is presented.
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| 12. |
- Hedlund, E., et al.
(författare)
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Ar ion induced desorption yields at the energies 5-17.7 MeV/u
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 599:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particle accelerators have, during Operation with heavy ion beams, shown a significant pressure rise when the intensity of the beam is increased. This pressure rise is due to ion induced desorption, which is the result of beam ions colliding with residual gas atoms in the beam pipe, where they undergo charge exchange. This causes them to hit the vacuum chamber after the next dipole magnet and gas to be released. For the upgrade of the SIS18 synchrotron at GSI the intensity has to be a few orders of magnitude higher than it is today at the injection energy of 10 MeV/u. The aim of this experiment is to measure desorption yields, n, (released Molecules per incident ion) from materials commonly used in accelerators: 316LN stainless steel, Cu, etched Cu, gold coated Cu and Ta, using an Ar beam at impact energies in the range of 5-17.7 MeV/u for perpendicular incidence. The measured initial desorption yields vary for the same material from sample to sample: up to 4.5 times for stainless steel and Lip to 3 times for etched Cu. Therefore more samples should be Studied to have better statistics. Beam conditioning at lower energy does not significantly reduce the desorption yield at higher energy. There is a significant difference Of Lip to a few times in desorption yield between flat and tubular samples. The desorption yield from a Cu sample at grazing incident angle of 125 mrad was an order of magnitude larger than at normal incident angle. It Was found that the total number of positively and negatively charged secondary particles, emitted from the Surface bombarded with heavy ions, does not exceed -40 secondary particles per impact heavy ion. The current of negatively charged particles was about 2.3 times larger than the current for positively charged particles. The impact from secondary particles on dynamic gas pressure was not possible to investigate.
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| 13. |
- Hedlund, E, et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine Receptor Antagonists Enhance Proliferation and Neurogenesis of Midbrain Lmx1a-expressing Progenitors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6, s. 26448-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degeneration of dopamine neurons in the midbrain causes symptoms of the movement disorder, Parkinson disease. Dopamine neurons are generated from proliferating progenitor cells localized in the embryonic ventral midbrain. However, it remains unclear for how long cells with dopamine progenitor character are retained and if there is any potential for reactivation of such cells after cessation of normal dopamine neurogenesis. We show here that cells expressing Lmx1a and other progenitor markers remain in the midbrain aqueductal zone beyond the major dopamine neurogenic period. These cells express dopamine receptors, are located in regions heavily innervated by midbrain dopamine fibres and their proliferation can be stimulated by antagonizing dopamine receptors, ultimately leading to increased neurogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists enhances neurogenesis in vitro, both from embryonic midbrain progenitors as well as from embryonic stem cells. Altogether our results indicate a potential for reactivation of resident midbrain cells with dopamine progenitor potential beyond the normal period of dopamine neurogenesis.
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| 14. |
- Hedlund, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nicorandil on human isolated corpus cavernosum and cavernous artery
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 151:4, s. 1107-1113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitric oxide (NO) released from nonadrenergic-noncholinergic (NANC) nerves seems to be a principal mediator of the relaxation of penile erectile tissue necessary for erection, and drugs acting by release of NO have been shown to produce erection when injected intracorporeally into impotent patients. By producing hyperpolarization, K+ channel openers are effective in relaxing isolated penile erectile tissue from rabbit and man, and can produce tumescence and erection when injected intracorporeally into animals. Nicorandil is classified as a K+ channel opener, but it also acts as a donor of NO. In the present study, the effects of nicorandil on isolated preparations from human corpus cavernosum (CC) and deep cavernous artery (Acc) were compared with those of cromakalim (K+ channel opener) and SIN-1 (NO donor). Nicorandil produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of CC and Acc preparations. The relaxations obtained at the highest nicorandil concentration used (10(-4) M.) were 75 +/- 3% and 66 +/- 4% in CC preparations contracted by noradrenaline and endothelin-1, respectively. The corresponding effects in Acc preparations were 70 +/- 14% and 73 +/- 5%. Glibenclamide (blocking ATP-dependent K+ channels) significantly reduced the nicorandil-induced relaxation in CC, but not in Acc. Methylene blue (believed to block soluble guanylate cyclase) reduced nicorandil's relaxant effect in CC, although statistical significance was not obtained. NG-nitro-L-arginine 10(-4) M. (NO synthase inhibitor) did not significantly influence the effect of nicorandil on precontracted preparations in either tissue. In CC preparations contracted by electrical field stimulation, nicorandil and cromakalim concentration dependently inhibited the responses. This effect was significantly counteracted by glibenclamide. It is concluded that nicorandil is effective in relaxing human CC chiefly by its K+ channel opening action, and to some extent by its ability to release NO. For nicorandil's relaxing effect on Acc, ATP dependent K+ channels seem to be of limited importance. If effective in impotent patients, the drug may represent a new, interesting approach to the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hedlund, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, helospectin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in human corpus cavernosum
- 1995
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Ingår i: British Journal of Pharmacology. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 116:4, s. 2258-2266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The distribution and effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP-27 and -38), helospectin (Hel-1 and Hel-2), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), were investigated in isolated preparations of human corpus cavernosum (CC). 2. Immunohistochemistry revealed coinciding profiles of nerve structures that showed immunoreactivities for VIP and PACAP, and VIP and Hel. Confocal microscopy showed the co-existence of VIP- and PACAP-immunoreactivities, and VIP- and Hel-immunoreactivities in most (90%) varicose nerve structures. 3. As determined by radioimmunoassay, the amounts of VIP, PACAP-27, and PACAP-38 in the preparations were 61.7 +/- 11.6, 0.1 +/- 0.05, and 3.7 +/- 0.5 pmol g-1 wet weight of tissue (pmol g-1 wet wt.), respectively. In tissue from patients with diabetes, the content of VIP was lower (13.7 +/- 0.5 pmol g-1 wet wt.), whereas that of PACAP (-27 and -38) was unchanged. 4. Cyclic nucleotide levels were determined in preparations exposed to PACAP-27, PACAP-38, Hel-1, Hel-2, and VIP. All the peptides, but Hel-2, significantly increased the concentrations of cyclic AMP, whereas the levels of cyclic GMP were unchanged. 5. The peptides concentration-dependently relaxed noradrenaline-contracted preparations. The order of potency was VIP > PACAP 27 > Hel-1 > Hel-2 > PACAP-38. 6. Hel-1, VIP and PACAP-27 effectively counteracted electrically induced contractions. At 10(-6) M, the highest peptide concentration used, the inhibitory effects obtained reached 96 +/- 3%, 87 +/- 6%, and 80 +/- 3%, respectively. 7. The results suggest that PACAP and Hel-1 are co-localized with VIP in nerve structures within the human cavernous tissue, and that the peptides are effective relaxants of CC preparations in vitro. The role of the investigated peptides for penile erection remains to be established.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Kutlu, O., et al.
(författare)
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Increased expression of nestin in the major pelvic ganglion following cavernous nerve injury
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Impotence Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5489 .- 0955-9930. ; 24:2, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an effort to identify neuronal repair mechanisms of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG), we evaluated changes in the expression of nestin, an intermediate filament protein and neural stem cell marker following cavernous nerve crush injury (CNI). We utilized two groups of Sprague Dawley rats: (i) sham and (ii) bilateral CNI. Erectile responses to cavernous nerve stimulation (CNS) were determined at 48h in a subset of rats. The MPG was isolated and removed at 48h after CNI, and nestin immunolocalization, protein levels and RNA expression were evaluated. At 48 h, erectile responses to CNS in CNI rats were substantially reduced (P<0.05; similar to 70% decrease in intra-cavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure) compared with sham surgery controls. This coincided with a dramatic 10-fold increase (P<0.05) in nestin messenger RNA expression and protein levels in the MPG of rats with CNI. Immunoflourescence microscopy demonstrated that nestin upregulation after CNI occurred within the ganglion cell bodies and nerve fibers of the MPG. In conclusion, CNI induces nestin in the MPG. These data suggest that nestin may be involved in the regenerative process of the cavernous nerve following crush injury. International Journal of Impotence Research (2012) 24, 84-90; doi:10.1038/ijir.2011.50; published online 13 October 2011
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Newton, P. T., et al.
(författare)
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A radical switch in clonality reveals a stem cell niche in the epiphyseal growth plate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 567:7747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal bone growth in children is sustained by growth plates, narrow discs of cartilage that provide a continuous supply of chondrocytes for endochondral ossification(1). However, it remains unknown how this supply is maintained throughout childhood growth. Chondroprogenitors in the resting zone are thought to be gradually consumed as they supply cells for longitudinal growth(1,2), but this model has never been proved. Here, using clonal genetic tracing with multicolour reporters and functional perturbations, we demonstrate that longitudinal growth during the fetal and neonatal periods involves depletion of chondroprogenitors, whereas later in life, coinciding with the formation of the secondary ossification centre, chondroprogenitors acquire the capacity for self-renewal, resulting in the formation of large, stable monoclonal columns of chondrocytes. Simultaneously, chondroprogenitors begin to express stem cell markers and undergo symmetric cell division. Regulation of the pool of self-renewing progenitors involves the hedgehog and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathways. Our findings indicate that a stem cell niche develops postnatally in the epiphyseal growth plate, which provides a continuous supply of chondrocytes over a prolonged period.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Streng, T., et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and Function of the Hydrogen Sulfide-Sensitive TRPA1 Ion Channel in Rat Urinary Bladder
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 53:2, s. 391-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the distribution of the transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 ion channel in the rat urinary bladder, and to study the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and known TRPA1 activators on micturition in conscious rats and on heterologously expressed ion channels. Methods: The expression of TRPA1 in urinary bladder was studied with fluorescence immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cystometric investigations were performed in conscious animals subjected to intravesical administration of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, donor of H2S), allyl isothiocyanate (AI), and cinnamaldehyde (CA). Fluorometric calcium imaging was used to study the effect of NaHS on human and mouse TRPA1 expressed in CHO cells. Results: TRPA1 immunoreactivity was found on unmyelinated nerve fibres within the urothelium, suburothelial space, and muscle layer as well as around blood vessels throughout the bladder. All TRPA1 immunoreactive nerves fibres also expressed TRPV1 immunoreactivity and vice versa. TRPA1 was also detected in urothelial cells at both transcriptional and protein levels. AI increased micturition frequency and reduced voiding volume. CA and NaHS produced similar changes in urodynamic parameters after disruption of the urothelial barrier with protamine sulfate. NaHS also induced calcium responses in TRPA1-expressing CHO cells, but not in untransfected cells. Conclusions: The expression of TRPA1 on C-fibre bladder afferents and urothelial cells together with the finding that intravesical TRPA1 activators initiate detrusor overactivity indicate that TRPA1 may have a role in sensory transduction in this organ. The study also highlights H2S as a TRPA1 activator potentially involved in inflammatory bladder disease. © 2007.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Aguila, JC, et al.
(författare)
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Cellular programming and reprogramming: sculpting cell fate for the production of dopamine neurons for cell therapy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Stem cells international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9678 .- 1687-966X. ; 2012, s. 412040-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pluripotent stem cells are regarded as a promising cell source to obtain human dopamine neurons in sufficient amounts and purity for cell replacement therapy. Importantly, the success of clinical applications depends on our ability to steer pluripotent stem cells towards the right neuronal identity. In Parkinson disease, the loss of dopamine neurons is more pronounced in the ventrolateral population that projects to the sensorimotor striatum. Because synapses are highly specific, only neurons with this precise identity will contribute, upon transplantation, to the synaptic reconstruction of the dorsal striatum. Thus, understanding the developmental cell program of the mesostriatal dopamine neurons is critical for the identification of the extrinsic signals and cell-intrinsic factors that instruct and, ultimately, determine cell identity. Here, we review how extrinsic signals and transcription factors act together during development to shape midbrain cell fates. Further, we discuss how these same factors can be appliedin vitroto induce, select, and reprogram cells to the mesostriatal dopamine fate.
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| 31. |
- Allodi, I, et al.
(författare)
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Differential neuronal vulnerability identifies IGF-2 as a protective factor in ALS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6, s. 25960-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fatal disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the loss of somatic motor neurons leading to muscle wasting and paralysis. However, motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus, controlling eye movement, are for unknown reasons spared. We found that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) was maintained in oculomotor neurons in ALS and thus could play a role in oculomotor resistance in this disease. We also showed that IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which mediates survival pathways upon IGF binding, was highly expressed in oculomotor neurons and on extraocular muscle endplate. The addition of IGF-2 induced Akt phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin levels while protecting ALS patient motor neurons. IGF-2 also rescued motor neurons derived from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients from degeneration. Finally, AAV9::IGF-2 delivery to muscles of SOD1G93A ALS mice extended life-span by 10%, while preserving motor neurons and inducing motor axon regeneration. Thus, our studies demonstrate that oculomotor-specific expression can be utilized to identify candidates that protect vulnerable motor neurons from degeneration.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Andersson, Rolf E., et al.
(författare)
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HPLC analysis of organic acids in lactic acid fermented vegetables
- 1983
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung. - 0044-3026. ; 176:6, s. 440-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An HPLC technique is described for the analysis of organic acids in lactic acid fermented vegetables. An Aminex HPX-87 column with 0.013 M-H 2SO 4 as mobile phase was used. Separation data are presented for oxalic, citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, lactic, formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. Interference problems from sugars are also reported. © 1983 J. F. Bergmann Verlag.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Araya, T, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing Prejudice through Priming of Control-related Words
- 2002
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Ingår i: Experimental Psychology. - : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. ; 29:3, s. 222-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the effect of incidentally presented constructs that imply self-control on activated stereotypes associated with immigrants. To activate immigrant stereotypes, participants responded to a scale that measures people’s prejudice toward immig
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bhuiyan, Iftekhar Uddin, et al.
(författare)
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Consideration of X-ray microtomography to quantitatively determine the size distribution of bubble cavities in iron ore pellets
- 2013
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Ingår i: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 233, s. 312-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray microtomography data of iron ore green pellets of approx. 12 mm in diameter were recorded using a commercial instrument. The reconstructed volume after thresholding represented a unique dataset consisting of a three-dimensional distribution of equiaxed objects corresponding to bubble cavities. This dataset was used to successfully validate a stereological method to determine the size distribution of spherical objects dispersed in a volume. This was achieved by investigating only a few cross-sectional images of this volume and measuring the profiles left by these objects in the cross-sectional images. Excellent agreement was observed between the size distribution of the bubble cavities obtained by directly classifying their size in the reconstructed volume and that estimated by applying the aforementioned stereological method to eight cross-sectional images of the reconstructed volume. Subsequently, we discuss the possibility of calibrating X-ray tomography data quantitatively using the size distribution of the bubble cavities as a figure of merit and the results obtained by applying the stereological method to SEM images as reference data. This was justified by considering the validity of the stereological method demonstrated by tomography, the accurate thresholding made possible by back-scattered electron imaging and the solid reproducibility of the results obtained by SEM. Using different threshold values for binarization of the X-ray microtomography data and comparing the results to those obtained by SEM, we found that X-ray microtomography can be used after proper calibration against SEM data to measure the total porosity of the bubble cavities but can only provide a rough estimate of the median diameter because of the limited resolution achieved in this study.
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| 42. |
- Bhuiyan, Iftekhar Uddin, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure of Bentonite in Iron Ore Green Pellets
- 2014
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Ingår i: Microscopy and Microanalysis. - 1431-9276 .- 1435-8115. ; 20:1, s. 33-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sodium-activated calcium bentonite is used as a binder in iron ore pellets and is known to increase strength of both wet and dry iron ore green pellets. In this article, the microstructure of bentonite in magnetite pellets is revealed for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure of bentonite in wet and dry iron ore pellets, as well as in distilled water, was imaged by various imaging techniques (e.g., imaging at low voltage with monochromatic and decelerated beam or low loss backscattered electrons) and cryogenic methods (i.e., high pressure freezing and plunge freezing in liquid ethane). In wet iron ore green pellets, clay tactoids (stacks of parallel primary clay platelets) were very well dispersed and formed a voluminous network occupying the space available between mineral particles. When the pellet was dried, bentonite was drawn to the contact points between the particles and formed solid bridges, which impart strength to the solid compact.
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| 43. |
- Bhuiyan, Iftekhar Uddin, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative image analysis of bubble cavities in iron ore green pellets
- 2011
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Ingår i: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 214:3, s. 306-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scanning electron microscopy and image analysis was used for quantitative analysis of bubble cavities in iron ore green pellets. Two types of pellets prepared with and without addition of flotation reagent prior to balling were studied. The bubble cavity porosity amounted to 2.8% in the pellets prepared without addition of flotation reagent prior to balling. When flotation reagent was added prior to balling, the bubble cavity porosity increased by a factor of 2.4 and the median bubble diameter was decreased slightly. It was also shown that mercury intrusion porosimetry is not suitable for determination of the distribution of bubble cavities. Finally, our data suggested that the difference in total porosity determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry and pycnometry between the two types of pellets was due to the bubble cavities.
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| 44. |
- Birgegard, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Proposal for increasing diagnostic clarity in research and clinical practice by renaming and reframing atypical anorexia nervosa as "Restrictive Eating Disorder" (RED)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : ELSEVIER. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM5), is characterized by meeting all criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) except for weight being within or above the "normal" range despite significant weight loss. The current definition is plagued by several problems, resulting in widely heterogeneous operationalizations in research and clinical practice. As such, the poorly defined diagnosis of AAN negatively impacts affected individuals and frustrates research attempts to better understand the syndrome. We consider conceptual flaws in the AAN description and contend that the undefined weight range and nature of weight loss renders these two factors functionally inapplicable in research and practice. They also represent a departure from the originally intended use of the AAN category, i.e., arresting a negative weight trajectory likely to result in AN, making the target population, and the application of the label, unclear. We propose revised criteria and a new name, restrictive eating disorder (RED), intended to reduce stigma and encompass a wide but better-defined range of presentations. The RED criteria focus on clinically significant restrictive behavior that disrupts normal living (i.e., impairment), and cognitive symptoms of overevaluation, disturbed experience, and lack of recognition of illness seriousness. We believe that RED may enable more appropriate clinical application, but also inspire coordinated research toward a more valid psychiatric nosology in the eating disorders field.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Breure, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem services: a useful concept for soil policy making!
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3443 .- 1877-3435. ; 4:5, s. 578-585
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is based on the session ‘Ecosystem services: a useful concept for soil policy making?’ at the Wageningen Applied Soil Conference in September 2011. In that session it was shown from different angles that policy awareness of the dependence of humankind on ecosystem services has resulted in the development of tools for optimal allocation and quantification of ecosystem services and raising awareness to stakeholders and decision makers. A number of case studies provided practical applications of developed tools that show how an ecosystem services approach can work as a way to value ecosystems. The use of ecosystem services may lead to mitigation of soil degradation and at the same time increase production of services both to private land owners as well as to the society as common goods. In our opinion the results available to date show that quantifying the benefits of ecosystems is a way to support the positive view stated in the title and we encourage the development of decision support tools based on more extensive yet user friendly integrated approaches of resource management, sector planning, and priority setting in the near future.
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| 47. |
- Burman, Magnus, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cost and Energy Assessment of a High Speed Ship
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Small Craft Technology, RINA - Part B. - London : RINA. - 1740-0694. ; 150:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 48. |
- Burman, Magnus, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cost and energy assessment of a high speed ship
- 2006
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Ingår i: Second Conference on High Performance Yacht Design. - 9781622761852
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A comparison in total life cycle costs and energy consumption for one high speed ship design with three different structural materials have been performed. The investigation considers a high speed ferry with a steel hull and an aluminium superstructure, an all aluminium concept and a ship built in sandwich material with carbon fibre faces. The different materials will affect several cost elements during the design, the production and the operation of the ship until and including its disposal. Furthermore, the material selection has an impact on the energy consumption within all stages of the ships life cycle. The assessment is made in a comparative manner. Hence, identical out fitting components, e.g. interior, instrumentation, and ventilation are left out. It is shown that the steel version causes the highest costs and energy consumption. The sandwich construction has the lowest life cycle costs while the aluminium version has the lowest energy consumption. The break-even point between the steel and the composite versions appears after 4 years (only 2 years of operation!), the break-even point between the aluminium and the composite ferry is after 12 years (10 years of operation). A sensitivity analysis with different possible scenarios, e.g. change in interest, petrol cost, maintenance cost, has been performed. All of the investigated scenarios identify the composite version to have the lowest life cycle costs. This paper summarises an original work carried out as a master of science work as given in [1-2].
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| 49. |
- Carlson, Johan E., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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High Resolution Image Reconstruction from Full-Matrix Capture Data Using Minimum Mean Square Error Deconvolution of the Spatio-Temporal System Transfer Function
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resolution of ultrasound images generated withconventional delay-and-sum beamformers, such as for examplethe Total Focusing Method (TFM), is limited by the overall systemtransfer function (point-spread function). This limits, for examplethe minimum distance between defects that can be detectedwithout the defects showing up as one larger peak in the image.In this paper, we propose a technique based on modeling ofthe complete spatio-temporal transfer function of the imagingsystem, that efficiently suppresses this and thus increases theimage resolution substantially. The method is demonstrated withsimulations and compared with the TFM.
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| 50. |
- Carlsson, Axel C., et al.
(författare)
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Country of birth-specific and gender differences in prevalence of diabetes in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 100:3, s. 404-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to investigate country or region of birth-specific prevalence and gender differences of diabetes in residents in Sweden, using Swedish-born men and women as referent. Methods: The Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) cohort was used (184,000 men and 151,453 women) aged between 20 and 80 years, with data from the CALAB laboratory, Stockholm, 1985-1996. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose >= 7.0 mmol/L or a hospital diagnosis of diabetes. Country of birth was obtained by linkage to Swedish Censuses 1970-1990. Standardized prevalence rate ratios (SPRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. Results: Five groups of women and one group of men had a significantly higher prevalence than Swedish-born (based on SPRR): women born in Iraq (6.0 (95% CI 1.3-28.9)), North Africa (6.9 (95% CI 3.1-15.3)), South Asia (3.1 (95% CI 1.0-10.0)), Syria (5.3 (95% CI 1.8-16.0)), Turkey (3.7 (95% CI 1.2-10.9)) and men born in other Middle Eastern countries (2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.5)). Swedish-born men had a higher age-standardized prevalence of diabetes (3.9%) than Swedish born women ( 2.5%). A higher prevalence among men was also seen in other Western countries. In contrast, a higher age-standardized prevalence among women was observed in immigrants from Turkey (8.9% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001), Syria (13.1% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.002), and North Africa (16.8% vs. 6.6%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Female immigrants to Sweden from Iraq, North Africa, South Asia, Syria, and Turkey have an increased prevalence of diabetes of substantial public health concern.
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