| 1. |
- Hall, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Kollagring och markanvändning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Markanvändning för en klimatpositiv framtid : En rapport om utmaningar och möjligheter i Skåne - En rapport om utmaningar och möjligheter i Skåne. - 9789198434989 - 9789198434996 ; , s. 6-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Elmhagen, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use, and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human population growth and resource use, mediated by changes in climate, land use, and water use, increasingly impact biodiversity and ecosystem services provision. However, impacts of these drivers on biodiversity and ecosystem services are rarely analyzed simultaneously and remain largely unknown. An emerging question is how science can improve the understanding of change in biodiversity and ecosystem service delivery and of potential feedback mechanisms of adaptive governance. We analyzed past and future change in drivers in south-central Sweden. We used the analysis to identify main research challenges and outline important research tasks. Since the 19th century, our study area has experienced substantial and interlinked changes; a 1.6 degrees C temperature increase, rapid population growth, urbanization, and massive changes in land use and water use. Considerable future changes are also projected until the mid-21st century. However, little is known about the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services so far, and this in turn hampers future projections of such effects. Therefore, we urge scientists to explore interdisciplinary approaches designed to investigate change in multiple drivers, underlying mechanisms, and interactions over time, including assessment and analysis of matching-scale data from several disciplines. Such a perspective is needed for science to contribute to adaptive governance by constantly improving the understanding of linked change complexities and their impacts.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Small business managers and Covid-19 – the role of a sense of coherence in coping with stressors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Framtidens arbete – arbetets framtid. - Kiruna.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small business managers and Covid-19 – the role of a sense of coherence in coping with stressors Many businesses around the world are facing a significant impact from the Covid-19 pandemic, with the transport, tourism, and hospitality sectors being among the most affected. Compared to larger businesses, the effect on small businesses has generally been more severe due to their limited human, financial and technical resources. In addition, the degree of government financial aid, in combination with changes in the supply chain, may strongly affect the operations and survival of small businesses. The response of small business managers to an external event such as the pandemic can have a profound effect on the work environment, health, and well-being of themselves and their employees. Previous research on small business managers during the pandemic has mainly focused on traditional pathogenic effects, and there is a lack of studies looking at the issue from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. Aim of study The aim of the study was to explore whether a sense of coherence and general resistance resources were experienced by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A qualitative design was applied through exploratory interviews with 16 managers of small businesses in Sweden and Norway. The inclusion criteria were small businesses with less than 20 employees representing different types of services in the private sector. Further criteria were that the businesses were located in comparable geographic regions in Sweden and Norway. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted using the sense of coherence concept by Aaron Antonovsky, with the three main components of comprehensibility, meaningfulness, and manageability acting as a conceptual framework for the analysis process. Results Findings from the interviews demonstrated that it was important for the managers to comprehend and manage the challenges during the pandemic in a resourceful manner, and to see the meaningfulness in the situation. Within the three main sense-of-coherence categories, six general resistance resources were identified as being important for the managers to handle uncertainty during the pandemic. These were understanding rules and regulations, social support, optimism, proactivity, problem-solving and flexibility and cooperation. Conclusions The small business managers handled the pandemic in a way that worked well in their contexts, and the pandemic generally did not have a negative effect on their businesses or themselves. A salutogenic approach, through which the managers focused on identifying and using resources, was an important factor in managing stressors and adversity during the pandemic. Hence, the concept of salutogenesis may be used as an intervention to foster better health in small businesses, both at a personal and organisational level in order to handle future challenges effectively
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| 4. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Small business managers and Covid-19—The role of a sense of coherence and general resistance resources in coping with stressors
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The response of small business managers to an external event such as the pandemic canhave a profound effect on the work environment, health and well-being for themselves and their employees. Previous research on small business managers during the pandemic has mainly focused on traditional pathogenic effects, and there is a lack of studies looking at the issue from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. The aim of this study is to explore whether a sense of coherence and general resistance resources were experienced by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods A qualitative design was applied through exploratory interviews with 16 managers of small businesses in Sweden and Norway. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted using the sense of coherence concept by Aaron Antonovsky, with the three main components of comprehensibility, meaningfulness and manageability acting as a conceptual framework for the analysis process.Results Within the three main sense-of-coherence categories, six general resistance resources were identified as being important for the managers to handle uncertainty during the pandemic. These were understanding rules and regulations, social support, optimism, proactivity, problem-solving and flexibility and cooperation.Conclusions The small business managers handled the pandemic in a way that worked well in their contexts, and the pandemic generally did not have a negative effect on their businesses orthemselves. A salutogenic approach, through which the managers focused on identifying and using resources, was an important factor for managing stressors and adversity during the pandemic. Hence, the concept of salutogenesis may be used as an intervention to foster better health in small businesses, both at a personal and organisational level in order to handle future challenges effectively.
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| 5. |
- Hedlund, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based study on toxicological findings in Swedish homicide victims and offenders from 2007 to 2009
- 2014
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 244, s. 25-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives: Previous research on the toxicology of homicide has shown that about half of offenders and victims have psychoactive substances in their blood. The purpose of this study was to examine this topic in a Swedish setting. Methods: Toxicological data were sought in a database for all victims (n = 273) and perpetrators (n = 257) of homicide in Sweden from 2007 to 2009. Sufficient tests were identified for 97.1% of all victims (n = 265) and 46.7% of all offenders (n = 120). Additional information was obtained from court records and police reports. Results: A majority of individuals involved in homicides displayed positive toxicology (57.0% of victims and 62.5% of offenders). The most commonly detected substances, in both victims and offenders, were ethanol (44.9% vs. 40.8%) and benzodiazepines (8.3% vs. 19.2%). The difference between offenders and victims concerning benzodiazepines was statistically significant (OR 2.6; p = 0.002). Perpetrators of homicide-suicide had a lower prevalence of positive toxicology (30.8%) than other homicide offenders (66.4%; p = 0.04) and victims in unsolved cases more often exhibited positive drug toxicology compared to victims in solved cases (36.1% vs. 8.3%; p less than 0.001). Conclusions: The results of the study support the notion that substance abuse is firmly linked to committing homicide and to becoming a victim thereof.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hedlund, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Markanvändning för en klimatpositiv framtid : En rapport om utmaningar och möjligheter i Skåne - En rapport om utmaningar och möjligheter i Skåne. - 9789198434996 - 9789198434989 ; , s. 48-60
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in Disability Management of Long-Term Sick Workers
- 2008
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Ingår i: The international journal of disability management research. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 2:2, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Norway various welfare state authorities assist in disability management (DM) of long-term sick workers. This study provides empirical-based knowledge about the Norwegian DM process. The data are based on focus-group interviews with health care providers and case-workers in welfare state authorities. A key issue outlined in this article is that long-term sick workers can easily become ‘stuck’ in the rehabilitation system. The focus is on topics that can explain difficulties of re-employing long-term sick workers. Furthermore, we look at what challenges are typical for DM of these workers in Norway, with respect to re-employment issues.
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| 9. |
- Hedlund, Mathilde, 1968-
(författare)
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Coping, Psychiatric Morbidity and Perceived Care in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) exhibit difficulties in rehabilitation, even in cases of a good prognosis. The present project investigates this using qualitative methods and standardised outcome measures. Patients with SAH treated at Uppsala University Hospital between 2002 and 2005 with an expected good prognosis were consecutively included. In addition, nurses working with such patients were interviewed. Outcome was assessed in terms of perception of care, psychiatric health, coping and health related quality of life (HRQoL). Qualitative content analyses revealed eight categories, which were divided into two patterns, Confident or Pessimistic perception of recovery, largely on the basis of the presence or absence of depression. Eighty-three patients were assessed by The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Axis I (SCID-I). Forty-one percent fulfilled criteria for any psychiatric disorder seven months after SAH and 45 % presented with a history of lifetime psychiatric morbidity. Logistic regressions indicated that a psychiatric history was related to a higher risk of psychiatric problems seven months after SAH, as well as a lower return to work. SAH patients had lower HRQoL than the general Swedish population; almost entirely in the subgroup with a psychiatric history prior to the SAH. Those with a psychiatric history used more evasive, fatalistic, emotive and palliative coping strategies associated with inability to handle illness. Multiple regressions revealed that a psychiatric history and use of coping were independently associated with HRQoL, albeit more in the mental than the physical domains. Qualitative content analyses revealed that nurses viewed patients’ support needs as a process ranging from technological to emotional care. Shortcomings in the communication between nurses in acute and rehabilitation settings on the subject of support were acknowledged. The results underline the importance of early diagnosis of coexisting psychiatric illness and the need for an intact health care chain.
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| 10. |
- Hedlund, Mathilde, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Coping strategies, health-related quality of life and psychiatric history in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 152:8, s. 1375-1382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) reduces health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and increases the risk of psychiatric sequels such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Especially those with a psychiatric history and those using maladaptive coping strategies are at risk for such sequels. The extent to which HRQoL after SAH was related to a history of psychiatric morbidity and to the use of various coping strategies was assessed. Patients admitted to the Uppsala University Hospital with aneurysmal SAH (n = 59) were investigated prospectively. Seven months after SAH, data were collected using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey and the Jalowiec Coping Scale. Patients with SAH had lower HRQoL than the general Swedish population in all eight domains of the SF-36. The lower HRQoL was almost entirely in the subgroup with a psychiatric history. HRQoL was also strongly correlated to the use of coping. Physical domains of SF-36 were less affected than mental domains. Those with a psychiatric history used more coping than the remainder with respect to all emotional coping scales. Coping and the presence of a psychiatric history were more strongly related to mental than to physical components of HRQoL. A psychiatric history and the use of maladaptive emotional coping were related to worse HRQoL, more to mental than to physical aspects.
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| 11. |
- Hedlund, Mathilde, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in relation to lifetime psychiatric morbidity
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Neurosurgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-8697 .- 1360-046X. ; 25:6, s. 693-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Little is known about the roles that lifetime psychiatric disorders play in psychiatric and vocational outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Materials and methods. Eighty-three SAH patients without apparent cognitive dysfunction were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I) after their SAH. Diagnoses were assessed for three time periods, 'lifetime before SAH', '12 months before SAH' and '7 months after SAH'. Results. Forty-five percentage of patients with SAH reported at least one lifetime psychiatric disorder. After SAH, symptoms of depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were seen in 41%, more often in those with a psychiatric history prior to SAH (p = 0.001). In logistic regressions, depression after SAH was associated with a lifetime history of major depression, or of anxiety or substance use disorder, as well as with lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. Subsyndromal or full PTSD was predicted by a lifetime history of major depression. After the SAH, 18 patients (22%) had received psychotropic medication and/or psychological treatment, 13 of whom had a disorder. Those with a lifetime history of major depression or treatment with antidepressants before SAH had lower return to work rates than others (p = 0.019 and p = 0.031, respectively). This was also true for those with symptoms of depression and/or PTSD, or with antidepressant treatment after SAH (p = 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively). Conclusions. Depression and PTSD are present in a substantial proportion of patients 7 months after SAH. Those with a history of psychiatric morbidity, any time before the SAH, are more at risk and also constitute a risk group for difficulties in returning to work.
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| 12. |
- Hedlund, Mathilde, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic agreement between a doctor and a nurse for psychiatric disorders: A pilot study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nord J Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 59, s. 339-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim with the present paper is to illustrate the use of multivariate strategies (i.e. integration of different multivariate methods) with five examples, four from the pharmaceutical industry and one from environmental research.In the first part, two examples wherein hierarchical models are applied to quality control (QC) and process control are discussed. In the second part a more complex problem and a strategy for material discovery/development are presented wherein a combination of multivariate calibration, multivariate analysis and multivariate design is needed. In the third part, a process analytical/optimization problem is illustrated with a two-step process, demanding that different multivariate tools are combined in a sequential way so that a useful model can be established and the process can be understood. In the final part the usefulness of principal component analysis followed by soft independent modelling of class analogy is illustrated with an example from environmental process monitoring. The five examples from quite different areas show that the chemometric tools are even more powerful if used integrated. However, different strategies and combinations of the tools have to be applied, depending on the problem and the aim.
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| 13. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Equal treatment in working life for people with disabilities : A Sweden and Norway Perspective
- 2009. - 1
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Ingår i: Disabilities: Insights from Across Fields and Around the World Vol 3. - Westport : Praeger. - 9780313346040 - 9780313346101 ; , s. 155-165
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In November 2000, the European Union issued a directive establishing a general framework for promoting equal treatment in employment and outlawing discrimination based on religion, beliefs, disability, age, and sexual orientation (the “framework for the equal treatment directive,” FETD). Equal treatment and non-discrimination are among the most well-developed components of social policy in the EU. In Scandinavia, antidiscrimination policy is a relatively new type of regulatory policy that approaches disability from the following perspective: “The EU . . . sees disability as a social construct. The EU social model of disability stresses the environmental barriers in society which prevent the full participation of people with disabilities in society. These barriers must be removed”. The main aim of this chapter is to examine and discuss how this new approach relates to existing policies in Norway and Sweden. In this chapter, we more closely examine how Norwegian and Swedish social policies define disability in relation to the EU’s FETD directive. We examine the relationship between the traditional methods of supporting people with disabilities in Swedish and Norwegian social policy and the principles put forth in the EU’s FETD directive.
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| 14. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Forskning på selvhjelp og selvhjelpsgruppe : Helsepolitikk, empowerment og positiv helse
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dette er et arbeidsnotat utgitt av Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag (HiNT). Notatet inngår i et forskningsprosjekt kalt Forskning på selvhjelp og selvhjelpsgrupper. Dette forskningsprosjektet har som hovedformål å kritisk studere selvhjelpsgrupper i et samfunnsvitenskaplig perspektiv. Fokus har vært å studere om selvhjelpsgrupper bidrar til å skape selvbærende prosesser blant brukere som deltar i dem, og om selvhjelpsgrupper gir forankring i nettverk som bidrar til mer selvmyndiggjøring/empowerment til brukere som sliter med helseproblemer eller nedsatt funksjonsevne. Inkludert i dette har vært å studere hva som virker støttende og fremmende for positiv helse.Undersøkelsen er initiert av forskere ved avdeling for helsefag ved Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag i 2008. Den kom i stand som en respons på en offentlig utlysning fra Helsedirektoratet om forskning på selvorganisert selvhjelp i et folkehelse- og lokalsamfunnsperspektiv i november 2008. Helsedirektoratet utlyste midler til forskningsmiljøer om å få frem forskning som belyste og dokumenterte faktorer som var virksomme i selvhjelpsarbeidet, og som kunne bidra til å ta i bruk og videreutvikle selvhjelpsarbeid på ulike arenaer. Målgruppen for selvhjelpsarbeidet var brukere og hjelpere i feltet psykisk helsearbeid og andre grupper som vil bruke selvhjelp som et verktøy. Tilskuddsordningen var ment å styrke selvhjelpsmetodikken som et viktig supplement innen psykisk helse i tråd med Nasjonal plan for selvhjelp (Helsedirektoratet, 2004). Forskningsprosjektet som det her rapporteres fra, studerer selvhjelp for personer med psykiske problem eller, funksjonsnedsettelser. Første del av undersøkelsen handlet om å få en kunnskapsstatus i form av en litteratursstudie om eksisterende forskning om selvhjelp og selvhjelpsgrupper i Norden. Andre del av undersøkelsen handlet om å studere deltakere av selvhjelpsgruppers opplevelse av samspill, mening og empowerment, og se dette i relieff til eksisterende kunnskapsstatus fra forskningsfeltet. Tredje del av undersøkelsen har vært å ha en teoretisk og analytisk tilnærmingsmåte til selvhjelpsarbeidet og studerer selvhjelpsarbeidet og offentlig politikk. Prosjektlederne har hatt et faglig samarbeid med Selvhjelp Norge og Helsedirektoratet.Hovedansvarlig for kontakten med Selvhjelp Norge har vært Solbjørg Talseth og Eli Vogt Godager. Prosjektlederne Marianne Hedlund og Bodil Landstad ved HiNT står ansvarlig for vitenskaplig og faglig gjennomføring og analyse, inklusiv publisering. Vitenskaplig assistent Bjørg Aglen har bistått i datainnsamlingen og publisering.Vi vill rette en spesiell takk til faglig rådgiver for prosjektet, professor Catherine Marshall ved University of Arizona, USA. Vi har også hatt nytte av faglig samarbeid med det nordiske forskernettverket om selvhjelpsforskning som har kommet i stand som følge av samarbeid mellom forskere ved HiNT, Læring og mestringssenteret Helse Sunnmøre (KPI), samt forskere ved Norsk Institutt for By- og regionsforskning (NIBR).I arbeidsnotatet er det lagt vekt på å formidle kortfattet noen tematiske og beskrivende funn fra undersøkelsen. Mer detaljerte opplysninger om resultat av undersøkelsen skjer i form av publiseringer i internasjonale fagfellevurderte tidskrifter. Prosjektledernes ambisjon er at resultatene som her blir formidlet bidrar til økt kunnskap og innsikt om selvhjelpsarbeid og selvhjelpsgrupper i Norge.Notat kan ha språklig preg av forskningsmessig uttrykk og terminologi. Hensikten har vært å formidle kunnskap om selvhjelp på en forskningsmessig måte, ikke bare populærvitenskaplig framstilling. Vi håper allikevel at kunnskapen som blir formidlet får en bred leserkrets. Vi mener at kunnskap fra prosjektet har relevans for personer som bruker selvhjelp som metode eller kan tenke seg å bruke det. Vitenskaplige artikler fra dette prosjekt er publisert eller under publisering. Henvisning til disse publikasjoner finnes i kapittel 4 i arbeidsnotatet. Populærvitenskaplige formidlinger fra prosjektet har skjedd ved åpne fagdager og andre arrangement, og finnes tilgjengelig via Selvhjelp Norge, forskning.no og HiNTs hjemmeside.
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| 15. |
- Hedlund, Mathilde, et al.
(författare)
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From monitoring physiological functions to using psychological strategies : Nurses' view of caring for the aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patient
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 17:3, s. 403-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aims of this study were: (1) to describe nurses' views of the physical and supportive needs of patients who have suffered a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), (2) to describe nurses' views of changes in social circumstances and (3) changes in the mental condition of patients after SAH. BACKGROUND: As patients with SAH are generally younger and predominantly female compared with other stroke groups they may have different needs of nursing support to facilitate adaptation. Caring for persons surviving stroke involves advanced nursing skills such as monitoring neurological functions in neurointensive care and providing physical care during rehabilitation. DESIGN: Explorative descriptive design. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were performed with 18 nurses in neurointensive and rehabilitation care. A qualitative latent content analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Nurses viewed patients' need for support as a process ranging from highly advanced technological care to 'softer' more emotional care. However, shortages in the communication between neurointesive and rehabilitation nurses regarding this support were acknowledged. Changes in social circumstances and mental conditions were viewed both as obstacles and advantages regarding return to everyday life. Nurses also viewed that the characteristics of the group with SAH was not particularly different from the group with other types of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Support to patients with SAH is viewed as a process carried out by nurses at neurointensive care units and rehabilitation units. Shortages in communication, regarding this support, were acknowledged. Obstacles and advantages with respect to returning to everyday life could apply to any stroke group, which could make it more difficult for nurses to detect the specific needs of patients with SAH. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The communication between neurointensive nurses and rehabilitation nurses regarding support to patients with SAH is not satisfactory. Occasionally the specific needs of patients with SAH are not recognized.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hedlund, Malin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Human placenta expresses and secretes NKG2D ligands via exosomes that down-modulate the cognate receptor expression : evidence for immunosuppressive function
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 183:1, s. 340-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During mammalian pregnancy maternal-fetal tolerance involves a number of immunosuppressive factors produced by placenta. Recently, placenta-derived exosomes have emerged as new immune regulators in the maternal immune tolerance. Exosomes are membrane nanovesicles with defined morphology, which are secreted from endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) upon fusion with the plasma membrane. Previously, we reported that the MHC class I chain-related (MIC) proteins A and B, human ligands of the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D, are expressed by placenta, sorted to MVB of syncytiotrophoblast and probably released via MIC-bearing exosomes. In this report, we show that the second family of human NKG2D ligands, the UL-16 binding proteins (ULBP), is also expressed by placenta. Importantly, this expression was not due to placental CMV infection. Immunoelectron microscopy disclosed that ULBP1-5 are produced and retained in MVB of the syncytiotrophoblast on microvesicles/exosomes. Using human placenta explant cultures and different assays, we demonstrate that exosomes bearing NKG2D ligands are released by human placenta. Isolated placental exosomes carried ULBP1-5 and MIC on their surface and induced down-regulation of the NKG2D receptor on NK, CD8(+), and gammadelta T cells, leading to reduction of their in vitro cytotoxicity without affecting the perforin-mediated lytic pathway. Release of placental NKG2D ligands via exosomes is an alternative mechanism for generation of bioactive soluble form of these ligands. These findings highlight a role for NKG2D ligand-bearing placental exosomes in the fetal immune escape and support the view of placenta as a unique immunosuppressive organ.
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| 18. |
- Hedlund, Mathilde, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived recovery after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in individuals with or without depression
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:11-12, s. 1578-1587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aims of the study were to describe what patients with no or only minor neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) perceived to be important for recovery, and perceived consequences of the illness. BACKGROUND: Quantitative studies indicates unfavourable outcomes after aneurysmal SAH, concerning for example mental health and return to everyday life, among patients expected to recover completely. Thus, it is important to investigate the perceptions of patients and to give them the opportunity to communicate what they consider important for recovery. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive design. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews with 20 aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhagic patients were conducted approximately 12 months after the onset. Analyses were carried out in two steps, beginning with a qualitative content analysis. Due to the findings in the initial content analysis, a structured clinical interview for psychiatric disorders was used as a second step to verify the presence or absence of depression in the participants. RESULTS: Two patterns were identified. One pattern revealed that informants without depression experienced a 'confident perception of recovery', which included perceptions of meaningfulness. Another pattern revealed that depressed informants experienced a 'pessimistic perception of recovery', which included perceptions of hopelessness. Expectations regarding care after departure from the neurointensive care unit were not met. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals suffering from depression after aneurysmal SAH have a pessimistic view of their recovery in contrast to those without depression. These findings highlight the importance of better recognition and treatment of depression in the aftermath of SAH. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These findings highlight the importance of better recognition and treatment of depression after aneurysmal SAH, where nurses play an active role. Nurses should seek to take actions to better meet patient's needs after departure from neurointensive care units.
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| 19. |
- Hedlund, Marianne
(författare)
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Shaping Justice : Defining the disability benefit category in Swedish social policy
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about what qualifies to be characterised as disability in Swedish social security legislation and which principles are used to decide who is entitled to social security benefit as disabled. The thesis brings into focus which definitions of needs and criteria that are found 'worthy' and acceptable to include in a disability category in Swedish social policy. In other words are social classifications, public considerations about the categorising in focus. Through empirical 'case' analyses this thesis shows that very different conclusions can demark a disability category in welfare policy. The analysis uncovers that the definitions of this category are not always as clear or sharp in Swedish social policy. Formal administrative principles and different underlying conceptions define a disability category in particular ways that again brings different outcomes and demarcation lines of this category in Swedish welfare policy. The definition of a disability category is an outcome of contextual social processes and interpretations. Disability as social political and administrative category is a result of particular social constructs and based on defined normative premises and cultural interpretations. The thesis presents which principles and criteria are used to distinguish worthiness to a category of disability and illustrate how these categorising rely on certain understandings of the welfare politics for persons with disabilities. The thesis demonstrates that disability in social policy is a changeable category, and that changing criteria are used to determine eligibility. The definition of disability is an outcome of cultural consensus made between contradictory principles for distribution social justice in welfare policy to persons with disabilities.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Tightrope walking : external impact factors on workplace health management in small-scale enterprises
- 2017
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Ingår i: Society, health and vulnerability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-1518. ; 8:Sup 1, s. 53-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for ensuring growth, innovation, job creation,and social integration in working life. Research shows that SSEs pay little attention to andhave insufficient competence in workplace health management. From the perspective ofmanagers, this study explores how external factors influence the development of thismanagement. The article refers to a case study among eight Norwegian and ten Swedishmanagers of SSEs in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. We used a stepwisequalitative approach to analyse data, using an interpretive indexing of main categories.Two main categories were found to have an influence on the development of workplacehealth management: (1) restricted leeway and (2) commitments. Concerning the first maincategory, areas that managers highlight as important comprise the legal framework andregulations; workforce and market situation, production, economy; and occupationalsafety and health issues. Areas related to the second main category were advice fromthe board, guidance from mentors, work-related networks, and family and friends asbuffers. One conclusion is that despite limited scope for developing workplace healthmanagement, managers find supportive guidance and inspiration from environments thatare committed to helping them and their enterprise.
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| 22. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Tightrope walking - external impact factors on workplace health management in small-scale enterprises
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for ensuring growth, innovation, job creation, in addition to social integration in working life. Research shows that SSEs pay little attention to and have insufficient competence in workplace health management. From the perspective of managers, this study explores how external factors influence the development of this management. The article refers to a case study between eight Norwegian and ten Swedish managers of SSEs in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. We used a stepwise qualitative approach to analyse data, using an interpretive indexing of main categories. Two main categories were found to have an influence on the development of workplace health- management: (1) Restricted leeway and (2) Commitments. Concerning the first main category, areas that managers highlight as important comprise the legal framework and regulations; workforce and market situation, production, finances; and occupational safety and health issues. Areas related to the second main category were advice from the board, guidance from mentors, work-related networks, and family and friends as buffers. One conclusion is that despite limited scope for developing workplace health anagement, managers find supportive guidance and inspiration from environments that are committed to helping them and their enterprise.
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| 23. |
- Hedlund, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Erectile dysfunction in cyclic GMP-dependent kinase I-deficient mice.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 97:5, s. 2349-2354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generation of nitric oxide (NO) in penile erectile tissue and the subsequent elevation of cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels are important for normal penile erection. Current treatments of erectile dysfunction elevate either cGMP levels by blocking cGMP degrading phosphodiesterase 5 or cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels by intrapenile injection of prostaglandin E1. The molecular target or targets of cGMP in erectile tissue and the role of cAMP for normal penile erection are not known. Herein, we report that mice lacking cGMP-dependent kinase I (cGKI) have a very low ability to reproduce and that their corpora cavernosa fail to relax on activation of the NO/cGMP signaling cascade. Elevation of cAMP by forskolin, however, induces similar relaxation in normal and cGKI-null corpus cavernosum. In addition, sperm derived from cGKI-null mice is normal, can undergo acrosomal reactions, and can efficiently fertilize eggs. Altogether, these data identify cGKI as the downstream target of cGMP in erectile tissue and provide evidence that cAMP signaling cannot compensate for the absence of the cGMP/cGKI signaling cascade in vivo.
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| 24. |
- Landstad, Bodil, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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How managers of small-scale enterprises can create a health promoting corporate culture
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Workplace Health Management. - 1753-8351 .- 1753-836X. ; 10:3, s. 228-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Small-scale enterprises are important for sustainable development in Europe and account for a significant proportion of private enterprises and their large contribution to employment. The overall research aim of the study is to explore workplace health management from the perspective of managers in small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Norway and Sweden. Methodology – In-depth interviews with 18 managers in SSEs were conducted and a stepwise qualitative analysis was used. Findings – The findings are presented as two main patterns 1) Interorganisational dynamics and 2) Participative leadership. Managers discussed opportunities for workplace health management to foster solidarity and flexibility in the workplace, the potential of employees for self-governance, and a cultural environment at the workplace characterized by safety,trust, care, loyalty and humour. The managers employed a process-oriented communicato style, were all-rounders, and demonstrated dedicated and distinct management. Managers in small-scale enterprises were lonely problem-solvers and experienced high and conflicting work demands and work-family conflicts. Research limitations – The findings should be interpreted with caution concerning representation of small-scale enterprises generally. The enterprises were recruited from an intervention project focusing on workplace health management and might therefore have a positive attitude. Originality – This study adds important knowledge regarding the preconditions for creating health-promoting workplaces in SSEs, an area for which limited research exists. The findings provide insights and knowledge about managers’ possibilities and obstacles in workplace health management. The findings could be transferrable to management in similar contexts if managers develop more awareness and knowledge. Practical implications – The managers obtain recommended information about what to doand how to address workplace health management in SSEs.
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| 25. |
- Landstad, Bodil, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
How managers of small-scale enterprises can create a health promoting corporate culture
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Small-scale enterprises are important for sustainable development in Europe and account for a significant proportion of private enterprises and their large contribution to employment. The overall research aim of the study is to explore workplace health management from the perspective of managers in small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Norway and Sweden. Methodology – In-depth interviews with 18 managers in SSEs were conducted and a stepwise qualitative analysis was used. Findings – The findings are presented as two main patterns 1) Interorganisational dynamics and 2) Participative leadership. Managers iscussed opportunities for workplace health management to foster solidarity and flexibility in the workplace, the potential of employees for self-governance, and a cultural environment at the workplace characterized by safety, trust, care, loyalty and humour. The managers employed a process-oriented communicator style, were all-rounders, and demonstrated dedicated and distinct management. Managers in small-scale enterprises were lonely problem-solvers and experienced high and conflicting work demands and work-family conflicts. Research limitations – The findings should be interpreted with caution concerning representation of small-scale enterprises generally. The enterprises were recruited from an development project focusing on workplace health management and might therefore have a positive attitude. Originality – This study adds important knowledge regarding the preconditions for creating health-promoting workplaces in SSEs, an area for which limited research exists. The findings provide insights and knowledge about managers’ possibilities and obstacles in workplace health management. The findings could be transferrable to management in similar contexts if managers develop more awareness and knowledge. Practical implications – The managers obtain recommended information about what to do and how to address workplace health management in SSEs.
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| 26. |
- Landstad, Bodil J, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term sick workers experience of professional support for re-integration back to work.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 32:1, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years researchers have tried to identify important factors that can explain re-integration to work for workers on long-term sick leave. The results indicate that multiple factors can explain whether or not people return to work. The aim of the study was to investigate long-term sick workers' experience of professional support for re-integration to work. Participants were drawn from the database of The National Social Insurance Board in Norway. A random sample was selected of persons with mental illness or musculoskeletal disorders (either p- or 1-diagnosis/symptoms related to International Classification in Primary Care), who were in receipt of Rehabilitation allowance. The questionnaire was sent to 1 493 persons of whom 740 responded. The most significant finding is that work training/mastering actions were identified by the majority of the rehabilitation benefit recipients as being of slight or moderate use. This highlights the importance of work training/mastering actions being relevant in proportion to the specific situation the individual is presently within. Delays in waiting for treatment attributed to approximately half of the rehabilitation benefit recipient's problems returning to work. This study also highlights that rehabilitation benefit recipients experience loss of co-ordinated measures from those who are supposed to contribute to simplifying their return to work.
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| 27. |
- Landstad, Bodil J., 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Making things work–In spite of a pandemic small scale enterprise managers’ approach to business changes and health issues
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCovid-19 is one of the worst crises in modern working life with a direct negative impact on many enterprises and organizations. The aim of this study is to explore what managers in Small Scale Enterprises (SSEs) changed in their business during the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly addressing health issues.MethodsA longitudinal qualitative research methodology was used, interviewing 16 managers of SSEs in the Norwegian and Swedish manufacturing and service sector both before (round 1) and during the pandemic (round 2). In this approach, time is designed into the research process, making change a key focus for analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in two main themes, resilience and demanding occupational health and safety conditions, and five sub-themes. Results show how managers in SSEs changed their business during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of these changes. Although, the enterprises were heavily affected in the beginning of the pandemic, several managers found new solutions for their businesses to maintain and reach new customers. They applied a socially responsible management which addressed different health issues.ConclusionCrises like the Covid-19 pandemic will have future impact on SSEs making it important to understand how managers in such enterprises address business and health issues. This knowledge may have practical implications for supporting managers in SSEs in how to perform a socially responsible management and maintain occupational health and safety measures. The managerial implications from this research are that they need to be flexible, reorientable and, at the same time, be loyal to the core business. This study shows the importance of doing longitudinal studies about business and health issues among mangers in SSEs.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Landstad, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Leader´s view of health promotion workplaces in small-scale enterprises
- 2016
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Ingår i: Decent Work: 4th Conference Disability Management. - Olten, Schweiz : Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz. ; , s. 25-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are regarded as important contributors to economic development. However, there is a limited understanding about the importance of the psychosocial working conditions, the work-life balance, health and well-being in these enterprises. Research on psychosocial working conditions in SSEs is polarized and shows contradictory results, and it is often stated that SSEs have trouble with workplace health and disability management processes due to their limited resources, and lack of support from human resource consultants. According to the Luxemburg Declaration of Workplace Health Promotion health in the workplace can be achieved by monitoring a wide range of factors; e.g. management principles, organizational culture, involvement of all the workforce and balance between job demands and control in work. ‘Disability Management’ is an approach which goes beyond traditional vocational rehabilitation due to its focus on prevention of injury as well as return to work assistance following injury, and the importance of using the workplace for interventions at all levels of the organization. Purpose and method: The overall aim of the study is, from a leader perspective, to explore small scale enterprises (SSEs) conditions for managing health promoting workplaces. This study analyzes data from interviews with leaders in 18 small scale enterprises in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. The methodology used to study conditions to create health promoting workplaces was based on a step-wise inductive method. Findings: The analyses revealed two main categories as important for creating health-promoting workplaces: conditions for managing workplace health promotion and conditions for a health promoting leadership. Each category contained several sub-themes that were related to solidarity and flexibility among employees, self-steered task management, good and joyful working conditions and managing leadership role essential for developing a healthy workplace. Conclusions: The leader’s view of health promoting workplaces point at great consciousness and maturity in their approach to create a health-promotive workplace. The premises for healthy work conditions in small-scale enterprises seem to be favorable despite obstacles and limited resources available.
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| 30. |
- Landstad, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
-
Ledares perspektiv på hälsofrämjande arbete i små företag (Leaders' perspective on workplace health promotion in small enterprises)
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for sustainable development at national development and regional levels, and account for a large part of private enterprises and their large contribution to employment. Earlier research shows that SSEs are limited with respect to personnel, economic resources and competence for creating health-promoting workplaces. This study explores the premises for managing health-promoting workplaces from a leadership perspective in eight Norwegian and ten Swedish SSEs. A stepwise qualitative approach and analysis were used to analyze data. The analysis shows two main categories: corporative health promotion workplaces and cultivating health-promoting leadership.The leader’s experience of solidarity and flexibility, self-steered task management, safety, trust and care, job satisfaction, loyalty, humor and recruitment indicates these as important components related to a health-promoting workplace. They point to the importance of being a process-oriented communicator, an all-rounder, and the need to make use of a dedicated and distinct leadership style. However, they also indicate problems with being a lonely problem solver, high and conflicting work demands and work-family conflicts. One conclusion is that leaders exhibit an awareness of the importance of applying a holistic approach for creating health-promoting workplaces. Another conclusion, which is not in line with previous research, is that the leaders exhibit a maturity about the importance of combining individual and organizational health promotion measures and that they have a high motivation to work with these areas.
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| 31. |
- Landstad, Bodil, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Practicing in a person-centred environment - self-help groups in psycho-social rehabilitation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 44:7, s. 1067-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and impairments in the population is putting new demands on health and rehabilitation services. Research on self-help groups suggest that participation in these groups might have a positive impact on people who are struggling with chronic illnesses or disabilities. In this study, we explore person-centred support in which participants in self-help groups are undergoing rehabilitation to develop their knowledge, skills and confidence necessary to handle life's challenges. Method The design is exploratory, analysing data from informant interviews and focus groups (a total of 32 participants) using a Grounded Theory inspired approach to analyse. The participants were rehabilitation clients aged between 20 and 60 years; eight were men and twenty-six were women. Results Three main categories emerged as being important self-help processes that were likely to promote positive rehabilitation outcomes: (1) Learning and practicing safely, (2) A refuge from expectations, (3) Internal processes that accentuate the positives. Conclusion Peer support delivered through the structured self-help environment can facilitate the development of new self-awareness, promote acceptance and adjustment, facilitate the establishment of new skills and enable transfer of learning to new environments, including the workplace.
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| 32. |
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Markanvändning för en klimatpositiv framtid : En rapport om möjligheter och utmaningar i Skåne
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en sammanställning och analys av kunskapsläget när det gäller ekosystembaserade metoder för att minska utsläpp och öka upptag av koldioxid hos brukade marker i Skåne. Med fokus på markanvändning och skötselstrategier inom jordbruk och skogsbruk, samt användning av biokol, analyseras och bedöms potentialen för att inom Skånes gränser öka upptag respektive minska utsläpp av kol från dessa ekosystem. Syftet är att analysera hur möjligheter som föreslås av den statliga utredningen SOU 2020:4, Vägen till en klimatpositiv framtid, kan omsättas till en skånsk kontext i ett miljömässigt/ekologiskt perspektiv.Rapporten är ett samverkansprojekt mellan Lunds universitets Centrum för miljö- och klimatvetenskap och Region Skåne, och har finansierats med medel från Region Skåne, det strategiska forskningsområdet BECC – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate, Lunds universitets samverkansinitiativ LU Land, samt Centrum för miljö- och klimatvetenskap.
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| 33. |
- Nordenmark, Mikael, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of self-help groups in promoting self-confidence and hope for the future among people on sick leave in Norway : The importance of educational level
- 2020
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 65:3, s. 617-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Vocational rehabilitation is important for supporting long-term sick-listed employees in returning to work or continuing in working life. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse self-confidence and hope for the future among people on sick leave in Norway who joined a self-help group, with a special focus on the importance of educational level. METHODS: 109 persons who completed a 20-week program at a rehabilitation centre in the middle of Norway during the years 2007-2012 answered questions related to the importance of emotions as either motivating or discouraging forces influencing the individual's return to work. The response rate was 52 percent. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of participants who joined a self-help group stated that the group helped them to tackle everyday life better than before. Low-educated participants in the self-help group, to a greater extent than high-educated, stated that the self-help group had increased their self-confidence and hope for the future. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Most of those who participated in the self-help group stated that joining a group increased their self-confidence and hope for the future. Motivational factors, such as hope for the future and self-confidence, can be important factors in the rehabilitation process, as they can enhance sick people's motivation to participate in rehabilitation and re-think their future prospects of returning to work.
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| 34. |
- Tjulin, Åsa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The disappointment of financial support measures during the COVID-19 pandemic among small business managers’ in Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: SN Business & Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-9399. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic is viewed as an emergent social phenomenon with several negative effects, e.g., financial decline of small businesses, as well as worsened sense of well-being. The aim of this article is to explore small business managers’ perceptions of governmental financial support measures and relate them to how they experienced their own health and consequences on their work environment. This mixed-method study was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. A survey was conducted during the period from October 2020 to February 2021 and answered by 729 small business managers, followed by ten interviews in March 2021. The key result shows that the managers were dissatisfied with the governmental financial support measures implemented. The results show that the attitudes of the small business managers towards the financial support measures may have had a negative impact on their subjective health. The study indicates a mismatch between the needs of small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic and how society provides resources through support systems. This in turn may have meant a limitation on the government’s ability to assist small business owners with financial support during the pandemic.
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| 35. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambiguity among Managers in Small-Scale Enterprises : How to Handle Business and Workplace Health Management
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Societies. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4698. ; 7:4, s. 1-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive research on health in working life, few studies focus on this issue from the perspective of managers in small-scale enterprises (SSEs). To gain deeper knowledge of managers’ perceptions and strategies for dealing with workplace health management, 13 Norwegian and Swedish SSE managers were interviewed after participating in a workplace health development project. The methodical approach was based on Grounded Theory with a constructivist orientation. The main theme that emerged was ‘ambiguity in workplace health management and maintaining the business’, which was related to the categories ‘internal workplace settings’, ‘workplace surroundings’,and ‘leadership strategies’. The managers experienced ambiguity due to internal and external demands. These requirements were linked to the core challenges in dealing with multitasking leadership, financial decision-making, labour legislation, staff development and maintaining business. However, the managers developed new skills and competence and thereby a more reflexive approach and readiness to create a health-promoting workplace from being part of a development project. The implications are that managers in SSEs need to exchange experiences and discuss workplace health issues with other managers in networks. It is also important that occupational health services and social and welfare organizations use tailor-made models and strategies for supporting SSEs.
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| 36. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Making things work–In spite of a pandemic : Small scale enterprise managers’ approach to business changes and health issues
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Abstract book. ; , s. 404-404
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore what managers in Small Scale Enterprises (SSEs) changed in their business during the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly addressing health issues. A longitudinal qualitative research methodology was used, interviewing 16 managers of SSEs in the Norwegian and Swedish manufacturing and service sector both before and during the pandemic. In this approach, time is designed into the research process, making change a key focus for analysis. The analysis resulted in two main themes, resilience and demanding occupational health and safety conditions, and five sub-themes. Results show how managers in SSEs changed their business during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of these changes. Although, the enterprises were heavily affected in the beginning of the pandemic, several managers found new solutions for their businesses to maintain and reach new customers. They applied a socially responsible management which addressed different health issues. Crises like the Covid-19 pandemic will have future impact on SSEs making it important to understand how managers in such enterprises address business and health issues. This knowledge may have practical implications for supporting managers in SSEs in how to perform a socially responsible management and maintain occupational health and safety measures. This study shows the importance of doing longitudinal studies about business and health issues among mangers in SSEs. Keywords: Small-scale managers; Covid-19; Longitudinal qualitative research
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