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- Ameur, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive profiling of the vaginal microbiome in HIV positive women using massive parallel semiconductor sequencing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4, s. 4398-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infections by HIV increase the risk of acquiring secondary viral and bacterial infections and methods are needed to determine the spectrum of co-infections for proper treatment. We used rolling circle amplification (RCA) and Ion Proton sequencing to investigate the vaginal microbiome of 20 HIV positive women from South Africa. A total of 46 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types were found, many of which are not detected by existing genotyping assays. Moreover, the complete genomes of two novel HPV types were determined. Abundance of HPV infections was highly correlated with real-time PCR estimates, indicating that the RCA-Proton method can be used for quantification of individual pathogens. We also identified a large number of other viral, bacterial and parasitic co-infections and the spectrum of these co-infections varied widely between individuals. Our method provides rapid detection of a broad range of pathogens and the ability to reconstruct complete genomes of novel infectious agents.
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- Chen, G, et al.
(författare)
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Single-cell analyses of X Chromosome inactivation dynamics and pluripotency during differentiation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Genome research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1549-5469 .- 1088-9051. ; 26:10, s. 1342-1354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pluripotency, differentiation, and X Chromosome inactivation (XCI) are key aspects of embryonic development. However, the underlying relationship and mechanisms among these processes remain unclear. Here, we systematically dissected these features along developmental progression using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and single-cell RNA sequencing with allelic resolution. We found that mESCs grown in a ground state 2i condition displayed transcriptomic profiles diffused from preimplantation mouse embryonic cells, whereas EpiStem cells closely resembled the post-implantation epiblast. Sex-related gene expression varied greatly across distinct developmental states. We also identified novel markers that were highly enriched in each developmental state. Moreover, we revealed that several novel pathways, including PluriNetWork and Focal Adhesion, were responsible for the delayed progression of female EpiStem cells. Importantly, we “digitalized” XCI progression using allelic expression of active and inactive X Chromosomes and surprisingly found that XCI states exhibited profound variability in each developmental state, including the 2i condition. XCI progression was not tightly synchronized with loss of pluripotency and increase of differentiation at the single-cell level, although these processes were globally correlated. In addition, highly expressed genes, including core pluripotency factors, were in general biallelically expressed. Taken together, our study sheds light on the dynamics of XCI progression and the asynchronicity between pluripotency, differentiation, and XCI.
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- Deng, QL, et al.
(författare)
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Specific and integrated roles of Lmx1a, Lmx1b and Phox2a in ventral midbrain development
- 2011
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Ingår i: Development (Cambridge, England). - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9129 .- 0950-1991. ; 138:16, s. 3399-3408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The severe disorders associated with a loss or dysfunction of midbrain dopamine neurons (DNs) have intensified research aimed at deciphering developmental programs controlling midbrain development. The homeodomain proteins Lmx1a and Lmx1b are important for the specification of DNs during embryogenesis, but it is unclear to what degree they may mediate redundant or specific functions. Here, we provide evidence showing that DN progenitors in the ventral midbrain can be subdivided into molecularly distinct medial and lateral domains, and these subgroups show different sensitivity to the loss of Lmx1a and Lmx1b. Lmx1a is specifically required for converting non-neuronal floor-plate cells into neuronal DN progenitors, a process that involves the establishment of Notch signaling in ventral midline cells. On the other hand, lateral DN progenitors that do not appear to originate from the floor plate are selectively ablated in Lmx1b mutants. In addition, we also reveal an unanticipated role for Lmx1b in regulating Phox2a expression and the sequential specification of ocular motor neurons (OMNs) and red nucleus neurons (RNNs) from progenitors located lateral to DNs in the midbrain. Our data therefore establish that Lmx1b influences the differentiation of multiple neuronal subtypes in the ventral midbrain, whereas Lmx1a appears to be exclusively devoted to the differentiation of the DN lineage.
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- Liu, S. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Electrically pumped hybrid III-V/Si photonic crystal surface emitting lasers with buried tunnel-junction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optical Society of America. - 9781557528209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here an electrically pumped hybrid photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSELs) on silicon. The laser cavity consists of a transferred InGaAsP multi-quantum well (MQW) heterostructure membrane, printed on a single layer silicon photonic crystal (Si-PC) cavity. A buried tunnel-junction (BTJ) has been employed in the MQW structure for efficiency charge injection. Single mode emitted spectrum was achieved at 1504 nm for a large area laser in the continuous-wave (c.w.) mode under room temperature operation.
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| 10. |
- Liu, S. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral size scaling of photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers on Si
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optical Society of America. - 9781943580279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here the lateral size scaling effect of the photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) based on heterogeneously integrated InGaAsP MQW membranes transferred on silicon photonic crystal cavities. Lateral and vertical confinement schemes were also investigated towards low threshold lasing of PCSELs with small lateral cavity sizes.
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| 11. |
- Liu, S. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers on bulk silicon substrate
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optical Society of America. - 9781943580279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here heterogeneous photonic crystal (PC) bandedge surface emitting membrane lasers on bulk silicon (Si) substrates. Optically pumped lasers were demonstrated experimentally with single mode operation and side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) greater than 13.5 dB. Thermal resistance was investigated to evaluate the heat dissipation and lasing characteristics afforded by this integration and potential for high efficiency application.
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| 12. |
- Liu, S., et al.
(författare)
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Printed photonic crystal bandedge surface-emitting lasers on silicon
- 2015
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Ingår i: CLEO: Science and Innovations. - : Optical Society of America. - 9781557529688
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report experimental demonstration of a hybrid III-V/Si photonics crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) based on membrane transfer printing technique. Single mode operation was observed with linewidth of 5 A and side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) greater than 20 dB.
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| 13. |
- Menon, L., et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneously Integrated InGaAs and Si Membrane Four-Color Photodetector Arrays
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1943-0655. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the design and fabrication of heterogeneously integrated silicon and InGaAs membrane photodetector arrays. Visible and near-infrared (NIR) detection can be achieved by transfer printing a silicon membrane on InGaAs substrate. Based on the penetration-depth-dependent absorption of different wavelengths, filter-free visible color detection can be obtained via three-junction photocurrent measurement for silicon, and NIR can be detected by InGaAs. The measurements show good agreement with the optical behavior predicted by the design and simulation.
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| 20. |
- Wasserman, D, et al.
(författare)
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Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1778-3585. ; 63:1, s. e82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care.Methods.The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions.Results.We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures.Conclusions.We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.
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| 21. |
- Zhao, D., et al.
(författare)
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Printed Large-Area Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Bandedge Surface-Emitting Lasers on Silicon
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here an optically pumped hybrid III-V/Si photoic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL), consisting of a heterogeneously integrated III-V InGaAsP quantum well heterostructure gain medium, printed on a patterned defect-free Si photonic crystal (PC) bandedge cavity. Single mode lasing was achieved for a large area laser, with a side-mode suppression ratio of 28 dB, for lasing operation temperature ∼200 K. Two types of lasers were demonstrated operating at different temperatures. Detailed modal analysis reveals the lasing mode matches with the estimated lasing gain threshold conditions. Our demonstration promises a hybrid laser sources on Si towards three-dimensional (3D) integrated Si photonics for on-chip wavelength-division multiplex (3D WDM) systems for a wide range of volume photonic/electronic applications in computing, communication, sensing, imaging, etc.
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| 22. |
- Östraat, Ö, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of leflunomide and cyclosporin A on rejection of cardiac allografts in the rat
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 47:3, s. 236-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leflunomide is a new low molecular weight immunosuppressive drug which inhibits the enzymes dehydroorotate-dehydrogenase and protein tyrosine kinase, both of which are important components in the immune response. As the mechanisms of action of leflunomide and cyclosporin A (CsA) are different, we postulated a synergistic effect of the two drugs and tested graft survival following leflunomide administration alone or in combination with CsA in a rat cardiac transplantation model. Low-and high-responder rat strain combinations were used in parallel and the experiments were performed both with and without challenge with Linomide, an immunomodulator which promotes graft rejection in this model. In the low-responder rat strain combination (Piebald Virol Glare graft to Dark Agouti recipient; PVG to DA), graft survival appeared to be a dichotomous variable, being characterized by tolerance or early rejection. Leflunomide (10 or 5 mg/kg) given for 10 days induced tolerance and CsA did Likewise; the addition of Linomide abolished the immunosuppressive effect of leflunomide but not that of CsA. In the high-responder combination (DA to PVG), no tolerance was seen and graft survival was moderately prolonged both after leflunomide and after CsA treatment, the addition of Linomide to CsA or to leflunomide (5 mg/kg) abolished the immunosuppressive effect of the drugs. However, when CsA-Linomide or leflunomide-Linomide were supplemented with the second immmunosuppressive drug leflunomide or CsA respectively, graft survival was significantly prolonged (P < 0.001 in both cases). This suggests leflunomide and CsA have additive potential.
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