| 1. |
- Watanabe, A, et al.
(författare)
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Gunnar Fant 60 years
- 1979
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Ingår i: TMH-QPSR. ; 20:2, s. 1-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Health-promoting interventions for persons aged 80 and older are successful in the short term-results from the randomized and three-armed elderly persons in the risk zone study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 60:3, s. 447-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo examine the outcomes of the Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone study, which was designed to evaluate whether it is possible to delay deterioration if a health-promoting intervention is made when an older adult (≥80) is at risk of becoming frail and whether a multiprofessional group intervention is more effective in delaying deterioration than a single preventive home visit with regard to frailty, self-rated health, and activities of daily living (ADLs) at 3-month follow-up.DesignRandomized, three-armed, single-blind, controlled trial performed between November 2007 and May 2011.SettingTwo urban districts of Gothenburg, Sweden.ParticipantsFour hundred fifty-nine community-living adults aged 80 and older not dependent on the municipal home help service.InterventionA preventive home visit or four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings with one follow-up home visit.MeasurementsChange in frailty, self-rated health, and ADLs between baseline and 3-month follow-up.ResultsBoth interventions delayed deterioration of self-rated health (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-3.54). Senior meetings were the most beneficial intervention for postponing dependence in ADLs (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.14-3.33). No effect on frailty could be demonstrated.ConclusionHealth-promoting interventions made when older adults are at risk of becoming frail can delay deterioration in self-rated health and ADLs in the short term. A multiprofessional group intervention such as the senior meetings described seems to have a greater effect on delaying deterioration in ADLs than a single preventive home visit. Further research is needed to examine the outcome in the long term and in different contexts.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Wing shape differences along a migration route of the long-distance migrant Globe Skimmer Dragonfly Pantala flavescens
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Tropical Ecology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0266-4674 .- 1469-7831. ; 38:1, s. 17-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animals which migrate by flying should be subject to selection for optimal wing characteristics that maximize energy efficiency during migration. We investigated wing shape and wing area variation in the Globe Skimmer Dragonfly Pantala flavescens, which has the longest known migration of any insect. Wing shape and wing area differences between individuals in southern Peninsular India, and migrating individuals at a stop-over site on the Maldives, were compared. Results suggest that individuals which successfully reached the Maldives, on their way from India to Africa, had a broader wing base and an overall more slender wing shape than individuals in southern India. Contrary to our expectations, wing area did not differ significantly in most of our comparisons between southern India and the Maldives, suggesting that wing shape is more important than wing area for successful migration in P. flavescens. The results provide indirect evidence of natural selection on wing shape in a migrating dragonfly.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Håkan S., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The toxicity of ribbon worms: alpha-nemertides or tetrodotoxin, or both?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Planta Medica. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0032-0943 .- 1439-0221. ; 82:Supplement 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The marine ribbon worms (nemerteans) are predators which capture their prey by everting a proboscis carrying a mixture of toxins which brings on rapid paralysis [1]. Moreover, ribbon worms have a thick layer of epidermal mucus of similar constitution. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been identified as one of these toxins [2]. The extreme toxicity of TTX (lethal by ingestion of 0.5-2 mg) is due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. Although several bacterial species (among these Vibrio sp.) have been linked to its synthesis, the biogenic origin and biosynthesis is unclear. One hypothesis is that TTX production occurs in a symbiotic relationship with its host, in this case the ribbon worm [3]. We have made significant effort to identify TTX in a setup for production through the cultivation of Vibrio alginolyticus in nutrient broth infused with mucus from the ribbon worm Lineus longissimus. Toxicity was demonstrated by fraction injections into shore crabs, but no TTX was found, and it could be shown conclusively that toxicity was unrelated to TTX and the Vibrio culture itself, and rather a constituent of the ribbon worm mucus [4]. The following studies led us to the discovery of a new class of peptides, the alpha-nemertides, in the mucus of the ribbon worms, which could be directly linked to the toxic effects. A literature review of the available evidence for TTX in ribbon worms show that the evidence in most cases are indirect, although notable exceptions exist. This points to the necessity to further investigate the presence and roles of TTX and alpha-nemertides in ribbon worms.
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Sara K. S., et al.
(författare)
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Isoallopregnanolone antagonize allopregnanolone-induced effects on saccadic eye velocity and self-reported sedation in humans
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 52, s. 22-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allopregnanolone (AP) is an endogenous neurosteroid. It modulates the effect of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) on the GABA type A (GABA(A)) receptor, which leads to increased receptor activity. Since the GABA-system is mainly inhibitory, increased AP activity leads to modulation of neuronal activity. In vitro studies of GABA(A) receptor activity and in vivo animal studies of sedation have shown that AP-induced effects can be inhibited by another endogenous steroid, namely isoallopregnanolone (ISO). In this study we investigated if ISO can antagonize AP-induced effects in healthy female volunteers, via measurements of saccadic eye velocity (SEV) and self-rated sedation. With a single-blind cross-over design, 12 women were studied on three separate occasions; given AP alone or AP in combination with one of two ISO doses. Congruent with previous reports, AP administration decreased SEV and induced sedation and these effects were diminished by simultaneous ISO administration. Also, the ISO effect modulation was seemingly stronger for SEV than for sedation. These effects were observed already at an ISO dose exposure that was approximately half of that of AP. In conclusion, ISO antagonized AP-induced decrease in SEV and self-reported sedation, probably in a non-competitive manner.
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| 7. |
- Borgquist, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of wound edge microvascular blood flow during negative pressure wound therapy using thermodiffusion and transcutaneous and invasive laser Doppler velocimetry
- 2011
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Ingår i: Wound Repair and Regeneration. - 1524-475X. ; 19:6, s. 727-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on wound edge microvascular blood flow are not clear. The aim of the present study was therefore to further elucidate the effects of NPWT on periwound blood flow in a porcine peripheral wound model using different blood flow measurement techniques. NPWT at -20, -40, -80, and -125 mmHg was applied to a peripheral porcine wound (n = 8). Thermodiffusion, transcutaneous, and invasive laser Doppler velocimetry were used to measure the blood perfusion 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 cm from the wound edge. Thermodiffusion (an invasive measurement technique) generally showed a decrease in perfusion close to the wound edge (0.5 cm), and an increase further from the edge (2.5 cm). Invasive laser Doppler velocimetry showed a similar response pattern, with a decrease in blood flow 0.5 cm from the wound edge and an increase further away. However, 1.0 cm from the wound edge blood flow decreased with high pressure levels and increased with low pressure levels. A different response pattern was seen with transcutaneous laser Doppler velocimetry, showing an increase in blood flow regardless of the distance from the wound edge (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 cm). During NPWT, both increases and decreases in blood flow can be seen in the periwound tissue depending on the distance from the wound edge and the pressure level. The pattern of response depends partly on the measurement technique used. The combination of hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion caused by NPWT may accelerate wound healing.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term outcome for ADL following the health-promoting RCT-Elderly persons in the risk zone
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press. - 0016-9013 .- 1758-5341. ; 53:4, s. 654-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To examine independence in activities of daily living (ADL) at the 1- and 2-year followups of the health-promoting study Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone. Design and Method: A randomized, three-armed, single-blind, and controlled study. A representative sample of 459 independent and community-dwelling older adults, 80 years and older, were included. A preventive home visit was compared with four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings including a follow-up home visit. Results: Analysis showed a significant difference in favor of the senior meetings in postponing dependence in ADL at the 1-year follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-3.10) and also in reducing dependence in three (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.86) and four or more ADL (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.72) at the 2-year follow-up. A preventive home visit reduced dependence in two (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24-0.68) and three or more ADL (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.17-0.80) after 1 year. Implications: A long-term evaluation of Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone showed that both senior meetings and a preventive home visit reduced the extent of dependence in ADL after 1 year. The senior meetings were superior to a preventive home visit since additional significant effects were seen after 2 years. To further enhance the long-term effects of the senior meetings and support the process of self-change in health behavior, it is suggested that booster sessions might be a good way of reinforcing the intervention.
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| 12. |
- Hedström, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Shift work influences multiple sclerosis risk
- 2015
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 21:9, s. 1195-1199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:An association between working shift at a young age and subsequent risk for multiple sclerosis (MS) has been observed.Objective:To investigate whether this finding could be replicated, and to further explore the influence of age at first exposure to shift work.Methods:Using a Swedish population-based, case-control study (2337 cases and 4904 controls), the incidence of MS among subjects whom had worked shifts was compared with that of those whom had not, by calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by means of logistic regression.Results:The OR of developing MS was 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.8) among those whom started working shifts before age 20, whereas a less pronounced association was observed among those whom started working shifts at age 20 or later (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.4). The effect of shift work was more pronounced among subjects whom had been exposed at a young age, regardless of the duration between the start of shift work and disease onset.Conclusion:Some aspects of adolescence seem to be of great importance, regarding the impact of shift work on MS risk. Circadian disruption and sleep deprivation may contribute towards explaining the association; however, the exact mechanisms behind our observations remain to be elucidated.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hedström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction domains and suicides : A population-based panel study of suicides in the Stockholm metropolitan area, 1991-1999
- 2008
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Ingår i: Social Forces. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0037-7732 .- 1534-7605. ; 87:2, s. 713-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines how suicides influence suicide risks of others within two interaction domains: the family and the workplace. A distinction is made between dyad-based social-interaction effects and degree-based exposure effects. A unique database including all individuals who ever lived in Stockholm during the 1990s is analyzed. For about 5.6 years on average, 1.2 million individuals are observed, and 1,116 of them commit suicide. Controlling for other risk factors, men exposed to a suicide in the family (at work) are 8.3 (3.5) times more likely to commit suicide than non-exposed men. The social-interaction effect thus is larger within the family domain; yet work-domain exposure is more important for the suicide rate because individuals are more often exposed to suicides of coworkers than family members.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Kyllerman, Mårten, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and neurophysiological development of Unverricht-Lundborg disease in four Swedish siblings.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Epilepsia. - 0013-9580. ; 32:6, s. 900-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four siblings aged 12-18 years with progressive myoclonus epilepsy demonstrated a subclinical stage at the age of 9-11 years, with visual blackouts and polyspike electroencephalographic (EEG) activity on photic stimulation, an early myoclonic stage at the age of 12-15 years, with increasing segmental, stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, occasional nocturnal buildup myoclonic "cascade" seizures, slowing of EEG alpha-activity, episodic 4-6 Hz bilateral sharp waves and polyspikes with myoclonias on photic stimulation, and a disabling myoclonic stage at the age of 16-18 years, with periodic generalized myoclonias, nocturnal myoclonic "cascade" seizures, ataxia, dysarthria, mental changes, intermittent wheelchair dependency, and continuous EEG slow waves with polyspikes and intense myoclonias on photic stimulation. One of the siblings died at the age of 18 years with no apparent cause of death. Treatment with antiepileptic drugs other than valproate may have contributed but none of the siblings were ever treated with phenytoin. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations revealed no abnormalities and excluded other known possible causes of progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The diagnosis was consistent with Unverricht-Lundborg disease and rested on typical age of onset, clinical signs, EEG, and evoked response abnormalities. Buildup myoclonic seizures are typical in advanced stages of Unverricht-Lundborg disease. We have labeled these myoclonic "cascade" seizures. A typical seizure was studied with video-EEG and cardiorespiratory monitoring. Characteristics revealed were onset with continuous arrhythmic myoclonic jerks followed by intense rhythmic myoclonus with increasing muscle tone that successively reduced the amplitude of the jerks. The EEG during the whole seizure showed intense polyspike activity. Obstructive apnea was seen at the peak of the seizure. There were no cardiac dysrhythmias. Consciousness was normal or only slightly impaired. Postictal drowsiness was not observed. Myoclonic "cascade" seizures are easily confused with generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
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| 17. |
- Mangalaraja, R.V., et al.
(författare)
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Combustion synthesis of Y2O3 and Yb-Y2O3 : Part 1: Nanopowders and their characterization
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 208:1-3, s. 415-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanosized yttrium oxide and ytterbium doped yttrium oxide powders were prepared by ceramic combustion techniques such as flash combustion, citrate gel decomposition and glycine combustion using urea, citric acid and glycine respectively as fuels. As synthesized precursors and calcined powders were characterized for their structural, particle size and morphology, and the optimization of calcination process by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetry. The thermal analyses together with XRD results demonstrate the effectiveness of the combustion process for the synthesis of pure phase nanocrystalline powders. Nanocrystalline pure yttria powders were obtained by the calcination of as-prepared precursors at 1100 °C for 4 h.
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| 18. |
- Mattiasson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Nanoenvironmental Effects Dramatically Influence the Sensitivity of Immunoassays
- 2017
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799. ; 35:11, s. 1021-1024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is possible to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays by several orders of magnitude by exploiting nanoenvironmental effects. This approach can detect trace amounts of compounds and will better illuminate the presence of signal substances in biological systems. Here we describe a method for ultrasensitive immunoassays using 'normal' antibodies (Abs).
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Moreno, Maiara, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Strain and phase evolution in TiAlN coatings during high-speed metal cutting : An in operando high-energy x-ray diffraction study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on phase and strain changes in Ti1-xAlxN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.61) coatings on cutting tools during turning recorded in operando by high-energy x-ray diffractometry. Orthogonal cutting of AISI 4140 steel was performed with cutting speeds of 360–370 m/min. Four positions along the tool rake face were investigated as a function of time in cut. Formation of γ-Fe in the chip reveals that the temperature exceeds 727 °C between the tool edge and the middle of the contact area when the feed rate is 0.06 mm/rev. Spinodal decomposition and formation of wurtzite AlN occurs at the positions of the tool with the highest temperature for the x ≥ 0.48 coatings. The strain evolution in the chip reveals that the mechanical stress is largest closest to the tool edge and that it decreases with time in cut for all analyzed positions on the rake face. The strain evolution in the coating varies between coatings and position on the rake face of the tool and is affected by thermal stress as well as the applied mechanical stress. Amongst others, the strain evolution is influenced by defect annihilation and, for the coatings with highest Al-content (x ≥ 0.48), phase changes.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Nordvik, Monica K., 1974-
(författare)
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Contagious Interactions : Essays on social and epidemiological networks
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation has two overall aims; to explore and develop the use of SNA in sociology, and to demonstrate that sociology has much to give to other sciences. Interdisciplinary collaboration is necessary because we do not live in a world in which subject areas are strictly isolated. Human beings are social animals, and a sociological understanding is crucial in all human-related science. The examination in this thesis of different kinds of social networks and how they affect the lives of individuals (and vice versa) will provide knowledge both in the development of methods for analyzing social networks, and in their areas specific scientific areas.Paper I-III investigates sexual networks and how the number of sexual encounters involving intercourse in combination with the number of sexual partners affects the dynamics of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The results show that this relationship is non-linear, indicating that it may not be the individuals with the largest number of partners who have the most impact on the spread of STIs. One might also have to focus interventions on individuals who have a large number of sexual encounters involving intercourse per partner, and who have several (but not necessarily a very large number of) partners.In the fourth paper, we apply the theoretical concept of so-called small worlds to a sexual network. The spread of epidemics can be difficult to stop in such networks, and we show that the sexual network of individuals infected with chlamydia can be characterized as such.The fifth and last paper differs from the four first. In this paper, we focus on how individuals who committed suicide in Stockholm during the 1990s where connected to each other. The social-interaction exposure effect is larger for the individual within the family than at the workplace; yet work-domain exposure is more important for the overall suicide rate because individuals are more often exposed to suicides of co-workers than family members.
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| 23. |
- Ochala, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Preferential skeletal muscle myosin loss in response to mechanical silencing in a novel rat intensive care unit model : underlying mechanisms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 589:8, s. 2007-2026
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-technical summary Wasting and severely impaired function of skeletal muscle is frequently observed in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients, with negative consequences for recovery and quality of life. An experimental rat ICU model has been used to study the mechanisms underlying this unique wasting condition in neuromuscularly blocked and mechanically ventilated animals at durations varying between 6 h and 2 weeks. The complete 'mechanical silencing' of skeletal muscle (removal of both weight bearing and activation) resulted in a specific myopathy frequently observed in ICU patients and characterized by a preferential loss of the motor protein myosin. A highly complex and coordinated protein synthesis and degradation system was observed in the time-resolved analyses. It is suggested the 'mechanical silencing' of skeletal muscle is a dominating factor triggering the specific myopathy associated with the ICU intervention, and strongly supporting the importance of interventions counteracting the complete unloading in ICU patients.The muscle wasting and impaired muscle function in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients delay recovery from the primary disease, and have debilitating consequences that can persist for years after hospital discharge. It is likely that, in addition to pernicious effects of the primary disease, the basic life support procedures of long-term ICU treatment contribute directly to the progressive impairment of muscle function. This study aims at improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in ICU patients by using a unique experimental rat ICU model where animals are mechanically ventilated, sedated and pharmacologically paralysed for duration varying between 6 h and 14 days. Results show that the ICU intervention induces a phenotype resembling the severe muscle wasting and paralysis associated with the acute quadriplegic myopathy (AQM) observed in ICU patients, i.e. a preferential loss of myosin, transcriptional down-regulation of myosin synthesis, muscle atrophy and a dramatic decrease in muscle fibre force generation capacity. Detailed analyses of protein degradation pathways show that the ubiquitin proteasome pathway is highly involved in this process. A sequential change in localisation of muscle-specific RING finger proteins 1/2 (MuRF1/2) observed during the experimental period is suggested to play an instrumental role in both transcriptional regulation and protein degradation. We propose that, for those critically ill patients who develop AQM, complete mechanical silencing, due to pharmacological paralysis or sedation, is a critical factor underlying the preferential loss of the molecular motor protein myosin that leads to impaired muscle function or persisting paralysis.
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| 24. |
- Ramanujam, Ryan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of smoking cessation on multiple sclerosis prognosis
- 2015
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 21, s. 164-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Smoking tobacco is a well-established risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system usually characterized by bouts and remissions and typically followed by a secondary progressive (SP) course. However, it is not clear whether smoking after diagnosis is detrimental. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether smoking after MS diagnosis is associated with a change in time to SP disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study of patients with prevalent MS who smoked at diagnosis (n = 728) taken from the Genes and Environment in Multiple Sclerosis Study, which consists of patients from the Swedish National MS Registry. The study entrance date was at time of first-year smoking. The study was conducted between November 2008 and December 2011, with patient environmental data collected from November 2009 to March 2011 via questionnaire. Study participants were from all counties in Sweden diagnosed as havingMS at the time of the Genes and Environment in Multiple Sclerosis Study and registered in the Swedish National MS Registry. Patients with MS with relapsing-remitting disease course or SP were included. These patients' conditions were diagnosed according to the McDonald criteria and the patients responded to recruitment letters with detailed questionnaires. EXPOSURE: Smoking, considered yearly after diagnosis and combined into a time-invariant covariate before diagnosis. MAINOUTCOMES ANDMEASURES: Time to SPMS, measured using an accelerated failure time model, with smoking as a time-varying covariate. Other covariates included sex, age at diagnosis, snuff use, and smoking before diagnosis. RESULTS: The optimized model illustrated that each additional year of smoking after diagnosis accelerated the time to conversion to SPMS by 4.7% (acceleration factor, 1.047; 95% CI, 1.023-1.072; P <.001). Kaplan-Meier plots demonstrated that those who continued to smoke continuously each year after diagnosis converted to SPMS faster than those who quit smoking, reaching SP disease at 48 and 56 years of age, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides evidence that continued smoking is associated with an acceleration in time to SPMS and that those who quit fare better. Therefore, wepropose that patients withMS should be advised to stop smoking once a diagnosis has been made, not only to lessen risks for comorbidities, but also to avoid aggravating MS-related disability.
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| 25. |
- Renaud, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Sparing of muscle mass and function by passive loading in an experimental intensive care unit model
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 591:5, s. 1385-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The response to mechanical stimuli, i.e., tensegrity, plays an important role in regulating cell physiological and pathophysiological function and the mechanical silencing observed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients leads to a severe and specific muscle wasting condition. This study aims at unravelling the underlying mechanisms and the effects of passive mechanical loading on skeletal muscle mass and function at the gene, protein and cellular levels. A unique experimental rat ICU model has been used allowing long-term (weeks) time-resolved analyses of the effects of standardized unilateral passive mechanical loading on skeletal muscle size and function and underlying mechanisms. Results show that passive mechanical loading alleviated the muscle wasting and the loss of force-generation associated with the ICU intervention, resulting in a doubling of the functional capacity of the loaded vs. the unloaded muscles after a 2-week ICU intervention. We demonstrated that the improved maintenance of muscle mass and function is likely a consequence of a reduced oxidative stress revealed by lower levels of carbonylated proteins, and a reduced loss of the molecular motor protein myosin. A complex temporal gene expression pattern, delineated by microarray analysis, was observed with loading-induced changes in transcript levels of sarcomeric proteins, muscle developmental processes, stress response, ECM/cell adhesion proteins and metabolism. Thus, the results from this study show that passive mechanical loading alleviates the severe negative consequences on muscle size and function associated with the mechanical silencing in ICU patients, strongly supporting early and intense physical therapy in immobilized ICU patients.
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| 26. |
- Ryd, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of blood flow in the fetus with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging using Doppler ultrasound gating : validation against metric optimized gating
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6647. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is used clinically and for research, but has been previously limited due to lack of direct gating methods. A CMR-compatible Doppler ultrasound (DUS) gating device has resolved this. However, the DUS-gating method is not validated against the current reference method for fetal phase-contrast blood flow measurements, metric optimized gating (MOG). Further, we investigated how different methods for vessel delineation affect flow volumes and observer variability in fetal flow acquisitions.AIMS: To 1) validate DUS gating versus MOG for quantifying fetal blood flow; 2) assess repeatability of DUS gating; 3) assess impact of region of interest (ROI) size on flow volume; and 4) compare time-resolved and static delineations for flow volume and observer variability.METHODS: Phase-contrast CMR was acquired in the fetal descending aorta (DAo) and umbilical vein by DUS gating and MOG in 22 women with singleton pregnancy in gestational week 360 (265-400) with repeated scans in six fetuses. Impact of ROI size on measured flow was assessed for ROI:s 50-150% of the vessel diameter. Four observers from two centers provided time-resolved and static delineations. Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine agreement between both observers and methods.RESULTS: DAo flow was 726 (348-1130) ml/min and umbilical vein flow 366 (150-782) ml/min by DUS gating. Bias±SD for DUS-gating versus MOG were - 45 ± 122 ml/min (-6 ± 15%) for DAo and 19 ± 136 ml/min (2 ± 24%) for umbilical vein flow. Repeated flow measurements in the same fetus showed similar volumes (median CoV = 11% (DAo) and 23% (umbilical vein)). Region of interest 50-150% of vessel diameter yielded flow 35-120%. Bias±SD for time-resolved versus static DUS-gated flow was 33 ± 39 ml/min (4 ± 6%) for DAo and 11 ± 84 ml/min (2 ± 15%) for umbilical vein flow.CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of blood flow in the fetal DAo and umbilical vein using DUS-gated phase-contrast CMR is feasible and agrees with the current reference method. Repeatability was generally high for CMR fetal blood flow assessment. An ROI similar to the vessel area or slightly larger is recommended. A static ROI is sufficient for fetal flow quantification using currently available CMR sequences.
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| 27. |
- Sandberg, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Home-based interval training increases endurance capacity in adults with complex congenital heart disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Congenital Heart Disease. - : Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press). - 1747-079X .- 1747-0803. ; 13:2, s. 254-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe beneficial effects of exercise training in acquired heart failure and coronary artery disease are well known and have been implemented in current treatment guidelines. Knowledge on appropriate exercise training regimes for adults with congenital heart disease is limited, thus further studies are needed. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of home-based interval exercise training on maximal endurance capacity and peak exercise capacity. MethodsTwenty-six adults with complex congenital heart disease were recruited from specialized units for adult congenital heart disease. Patients were randomized to either an intervention group12 weeks of home-based interval exercise training on a cycle ergometer (n=16), or a control group (n=10). The latter was instructed to maintain their habitual physical activities. An incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test and a constant work rate cardiopulmonary exercise test at 75% of peak workload were performed preintervention and postintervention. ResultsTwenty-three patients completed the protocol and were followed (intervention n=13, control n=10). Postintervention exercise time at constant work rate cardiopulmonary exercise test increased in the intervention group compared to controls (median[range] 12[-4 to 52]min vs 0[-4 to 5]min, P=.001). At incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test, peak VO2 increased 15% within the intervention group (P=.019) compared to 2% within the control group (P=.8). However, in comparison between the groups no difference was found (285[-200 to 535] ml/min vs 17[-380 to 306] ml/min, P=.10). In addition, peak workload at incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test increased in the intervention group compared to controls (20[-10 to 70]W vs 0[-20 to 15]W, P=.003). ConclusionHome-based interval exercise training increased endurance capacity and peak exercise capacity in adults with complex congenital heart disease. Aerobic endurance might be more relevant than peak oxygen uptake with regard to daily activities, and therefore a more clinically relevant measure to evaluate.
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| 29. |
- Spaiser, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Complex Dynamics in Social Systems : A New Methodological Approach Applied to Study School Segregation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sociological Methods & Research. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0049-1241 .- 1552-8294. ; 47:2, s. 103-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely recognized that segregation processes are often the result of complex nonlinear dynamics. Empirical analyses of complex dynamics are however rare, because there is a lack of appropriate empirical modeling techniques that are capable of capturing complex patterns and nonlinearities. At the same time, we know that many social phenomena display nonlinearities. In this article, we introduce a new modeling tool in order to partly fill this void in the literature. Using data of all secondary schools in Stockholm county during the years 1990 to 2002, we demonstrate how the methodology can be applied to identify complex dynamic patterns like tipping points and multiple phase transitions with respect to segregation. We establish critical thresholds in schools' ethnic compositions, in general, and in relation to various factors such as school quality and parents' income, at which the schools are likely to tip and become increasingly segregated.
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| 31. |
- Teeparuksapun, Kosin, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasensitive Detection of HIV-1 p24 Antigen Using Nanofunctionalized Surfaces in a Capacitive Immunosensor.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 82:20, s. 8406-8411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The HIV-1 capsid protein, p24 antigen, is of considerable diagnostic interest because following HIV exposure it is detectable several days earlier than host-generated HIV antibodies (which are the target of almost all current tests used in the field) and can be used to design very sensitive assays without the need for PCR. Here, we present an ultrasensitive capacitive immunosensor that is capable of detecting subattogram per milliliter concentrations of p24 antigen, which to our knowledge is the lowest level of detection ever reported. Dilution studies using p24-spiked human plasma samples indicate that the immunosensor is robust against the interfering effects of a complex biological matrix. Moreover, the capacitive immunosensor assay is rapid (<20 min), label-free, and generates data in real-time, with a portable format in development. Additional optimization of the capture agents and/or surface chemistries may further improve performance, highlighting the potential of this platform to serve as a diagnostic tool for early detection of HIV in field settings.
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| 33. |
- Yildiz, Ahmet Bahadir, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis, structure, and stability of novel multi-principal element (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C ceramic with a miscibility gap
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 42:11, s. 4429-4435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we design a novel multi-principal element carbide system (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C with a miscibility gap using computational tools and report on the formation of a single-phase (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C after spark plasma sintering. The (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C shows high nanohardness (32.7 GPa) and fracture toughness (5 MPa·m1/2). Aging studies at 1350 °C for 100 h show that the single-phase carbide solid solution is quite stable even though this temperature is within the predicted miscibility gap of the system. Detailed electron microscopy characterization shows that phase separation has initiated with minor decomposition after aging by forming rock-salt (Ti,W)C- and (Zr,Hf)C-rich phases as well as hexagonal WC precipitates. We show that the (Ti,W)C- and (Zr,Hf)C-rich phases form a lamellar structure upon aging and the interlamellar spacing is considerably coarser than what has been previously found for the binary (Ti,Zr)C system. The decomposition kinetics, on the other hand, is sluggish due to the reduced driving force for phase decomposition.
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