| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Elderly persons in the risk zone: Design of a multidimensional, health-promoting, randomised three-armed controlled trial for "prefrail" people of 80+ years living at home
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC geriatrics. - 1471-2318. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The very old (80+) are often described as a "frail" group that is particularly exposed to diseases and functional disability. They are at great risk of losing the ability to manage their activities of daily living independently. A health-promoting intervention programme might prevent or delay dependence in activities of daily life and the development of functional decline. Studies have shown that those who benefit most from a health-promoting and disease-preventive programme are persons with no, or discrete, activity restrictions. The three-armed study "Elderly in the risk zone" is designed to evaluate if multi-dimensional and multi-professional educational senior meetings are more effective than preventive home visits, and if it is possible to prevent or delay deterioration if an intervention is made when the persons are not so frail. In this paper the study design, the intervention and the outcome measures as well as the baseline characteristics of the study participants are presented. METHODS: The study is a randomised three-armed single-blind controlled trial with follow-ups 3 months, 1 and 2 years. The study group should comprise a representative sample of pre-frail 80-year old persons still living at home in two municipalities of Gothenburg. To allow for drop-outs, it was estimated that a total of about 450 persons would need to be included in the study. The participants should live in their ordinary housing and not be dependent on the municipal home help service or care. Further, they should be independent of help from another person in activities of daily living and be cognitively intact, having a score of 25 or higher as assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). DISCUSSION: We believe that the design of the study, the randomisation procedure, outcome measurements and the study protocol meetings should ensure the quality of the study. Furthermore, the multi-dimensionality of the intervention, the involvement of both the professionals and the senior citizens in the planning of the intervention should have the potential to effectively target the heterogeneous needs of the elderly.
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| 3. |
- Andersen, Oluf, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment Options for Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Disorders of the Central Nervous System.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Infection and drug resistance. - 1178-6973. ; 16, s. 4599-4620
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a causative agent for several types of lymphomas and mucosal cancers, is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with the capacity to establish lifelong latent infection. More than 90% of the human population worldwide is infected. The primary infection is usually asymptomatic in childhood, whereas infectious mononucleosis (IM) is common when the infection occurs in adolescence. Primary EBV infection, with or without IM, or reactivation of latent infection in immunocompromised individuals have been associated with a wide range of neurologic conditions, such as encephalitis, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and cerebellitis. EBV is also involved in malignant lymphomas in the brain. An increasing number of reports on EBV-related disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) including the convincing association with multiple sclerosis (MS) have put in focus EBV-related conditions beyond its established link to malignancies. In this review, we present the clinical manifestations of EBV-related CNS-disorders, put them in the context of known EBV biology and focus on available treatment options and future therapeutic approaches.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Citizen Diversity in e-Government Research : Moving the Field Forward
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - : University of Hawai'i at Manoa. - 9780998133140 ; , s. 4828-4837
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas broad launch of public e-services ensures equal and homogenous treatment of citizens, citizen diversity is often set aside. By means of a literature study we describe how research has addressed diversity in the field of eGovernment. we analyzed the papers according to the following codes: group; application domain; unit of analysis; and technology in use or design. Results showed that the most common application domain was e-services with access and use as the most common units of analysis. The most frequently researched groups are based on classical socio-demographic variables such as economy, education and age. Also, the majority of papers discussed services in use. We conclude by suggesting that future research focuses underrepresented user groups; adds further granularity to the classical sociodemographic variables; identifies groups within groups; targets policies and policy implementation; and changes focus from use to development. We also call for conceptual clarity of the concept ‘diversity’.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus versus warfare – unveiling discourses in de jure information security standard development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computers & security (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4048 .- 1872-6208. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information security standards are influential tools in society today. The validity claim of standards is based on what is considered “best practice.” We unveil the negotiations that take place when “best practice” is constructed during standard development. By using dis- course analysis, we investigate how power operates in national and international contexts of de jure information security standard development work. As members of a standard- ization committee, we analyzed the language used by this committee. The results showed two discourses at play: the consensus discourse and the warfare discourse. We conclude by proposing six theoretical propositions on how power operates in the above-mentioned contexts of de jure standard development.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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How education professionals manage personal and professional boundaries when using social technologies
- 2024
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Ingår i: New technology, work and employment. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0268-1072 .- 1468-005X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates how education professionalsbalance their private and professional lives when usingsocial technologies. Based on boundary theory andinterviews with 57 education professionals, we identifywhich tactics they use to separate or integrate theirprivate and professional life. We identified twice asmany segmentation tactics compared to integrationtactics and found that the education professionalsstruggled most with finding segmentation tactics thatwork. We argue that this is because social technologiesare designed to support integration and thereforeteachers using these technologies must work harderto separate their private and professional roles. There isa need to further investigate how boundary theory canbe used, and segmentation tactics understood, whenthe object of study is social technology, which isspecifically built to integrate time and professional andprivate spaces. For practice, there is a need to bettersupport teachers in their use of social technologie
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning from e-learning : emerging constructive learning practices
- 2009
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Ingår i: Doing IT research that matters.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research is situated within the field of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) and asks if ICT use can make learning practices change. While constructive learning practices are critical to both individual and societal development, repetitive learning practices are the norm in many developing countries. The study is based on observations and in-depth interviews and uses a structurational approach to understand if and how students views of learning change during an e-learning program in Sri Lanka. We found four constructive learning practices that emerged through technology use; individual exploring, interaction with peers, interaction with teachers, and taking responsibility of the learning. Many constructive learning practices emerged outside the LMS used, in students’ voluntary uses of publicly available resources on the Internet. The study shows that technology use can play a positive role for development, provided an open environment is available; students learn constructive practicesfrom e-learning.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-
(författare)
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Learning to learn in e-Learning : constructive practices for development
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns technology use in distance educations and learning practices related to this use. The research was carried out over the period 2005 to 2009 in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and has been reported in 6 published papers. The research is situated within the field of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) and within this field e-learning. Education is important for development and for many students in developing countries distance education is often the only option to get educated. The research question is if the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in distance education can contribute to development, and if so, how?This question is explored through two case studies in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. A variety of data collection methods have been used: interviews, questionnaires, participant observations and document review. The research approach is interpretative and findings are analyzed using Structuration Theory.Initial findings showed that a major challenge for students was the change of learning practices that distance education required. Findings also showed that new constructive learning practices emerged through the use of ICT. For development to take place the learning practices of students are important. Students used to learning practices based on uncritical memorization of facts will not easily take initiatives for change, whereas students used to constructive learning practices will. Notwithstanding the fact that most students found this transition challenging, it was found that by introducing technology into long-established transmission structures, changes towards constructive learning practices occurred.A major contribution of this thesis is to increase the understanding of how ICT in distance education can facilitate constructive learning practices. By arguing that constructive learning practices are conducive to societal change this finding also has implications for development. The thesis also makes a theoretical contribution by extending Structuration Theory’s applicability in demonstrating its explanatory power in settings where researcher and informants are geographically and socially distant.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarskap för ett hållbart arbetsliv : Teknikstrategier och arbetslivets gränser
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Användning av allt mindre mobiler och mer lättflyttade datorer gör att gränsen mellan vårt hem och vårt arbete gradvis suddas ut. Användandet av digital teknik möjliggör för skolor att finnas på flera platser, en utveckling som tydliggjorts under pandemin. Sociala medier har för många skolanställda blivit en naturlig del både i det pedagogiska arbetet och i den dagliga kontakten med varandra, elever och vårdnadshavare. Hur skolan formeras i en digital verklighet är därför en nyckelfråga för framtiden.För att bidra till en bättre förståelse för digitaliseringens påverkan på arbetslivet och arbetsmiljön har vi genomfört ett forskningsprojekt med titel ”Ledarskap för ett hållbart digitalt arbetsliv: Teknikstrategier och arbetslivets gränser”. Projektet har finansierats av AFA Försäkring inom deras FoU-program “Digitaliseringens effekter på arbetsmiljön”.Projektets syfte har varit att analysera hur styrning och ledarskap kan utformas i skolan för att tillvarata nyttan hos sociala medier och samtidigt skapa en hållbar digital arbetsmiljö för medarbetare och chefer.Våra resultat bygger på ett omfattande empiriskt intervjumaterial, och ett mindre antal enkäter. Vi kan i våra resultat se att samtliga aktörer som är engagerade i skolan behöver diskutera hur man vill och bör använda sociala medier. I vissa fall kan det behövas en tydligare styrning, i andra fall kan det vara tillräckligt med en mjukare styrning med tydligt uttryckta förväntningar och levande diskussioner om hur man som lärare och skolledare ska förhålla sig till sociala medier. Sammantaget tecknas en bild där användandet av sociala medier inte bara suddar ut gränslinjerna mellan det privata och det offentliga, utan också utvidgar gränserna för den egna yrkesrollen. Berättelserna vi har fångat från olika aktörer visar på komplexiteten och svårigheten att styra sociala medier som befinner sig mellan privatlivet och arbetslivet. Vi måste därför förändra hur vi förstår skolan och skolans roll i en digital verklighet. Resultaten har spridits genom vetenskapliga artiklar, populärvetenskapliga artiklar i media och tidskrifter, samt genom möten med intressenter.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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“Standardizing information security – a structurational analysis”
- 2022
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Ingår i: Information & Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7206 .- 1872-7530. ; 59:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given that there are an increasing number of information security breaches, organizations are being driven to adopt best practice for coping with attacks. Information security standards are designed to embody best practice and the legitimacy of these standards is a core issue for standardizing organizations. This study uncovers how structures at play in de jure standard development affect the input and throughput legitimacy of standards. We participated as members responsible for standards on information security and our analysis revealed two structures: consensus and warfare. A major implication of the combination of these structures is that legitimacy claims based on appeals to best practice are futile because it is difficult to know which the best practice is.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers falling off the cliff affordances and constraints of social media in school
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - Honolulu : University of Hawaii at Manoa. - 9780998133140 ; , s. 2995-3004, s. 2995-3004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a digitalized society our work environment is highly integrated with our home environment making work boundless both in terms of time and space. The digital work environment risks increased stress. Based on a case study in Swedish schools we investigate how teachers experience the use of social media for work-related purposes. We do so by using the Technology Affordance and Constraints Theory to capture the affordances as well as constraints of this use. Findings show that affordances of social media in schools were increased opportunities for learning, transparency and community building. Constraints were distractions from learning, increased isolation, stress and, above all, lack of guidance in how and when to use social media. We end the paper arguing that lack of policies and guidelines governing the use of social media at work is risking an increase in boundary blurring and potentially more stress.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Terminologi och begrepp inom informationssäkerhet : Hur man skapar en språkgemenskap
- 2016
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syftet med den här studien är att utvärdera svensk terminologi på informationssäkerhetsområdet med fokus på frågor om målgrupper och grundläggande termer. Baserat på en Delphi-studie, där experter från olika yrkeskategorier har fått definiera en uppsättning grundläggande begrepp, har vi utvärderat både experternas definitioner och processen med att ta fram definitionerna. Vi har identifierat flera problem med svensk terminologi på informationssäkerhetsområdet. För att stödja arbetet med att utveckla svensk terminologi för informationssäkerhet beskriver vi i rapporten förslag på hur arbetet kan bedrivas vidare. De problem vi har identifierat är bl.a. att begrepp som inte finns med i rådande styrdokument blir otydliga och svårtolkade för experter inom området och att det är problematiskt med två olika styrdokument (HB550 och SIS-TR50:2015) i användning med delvis olika definitioner av samma begrepp. Vi har även sett att olika yrkeskategorier ofta definierar begreppen utifrån sin specifika profession, vilket kan innebära att det finns ett behov av att säkerhetsbegrepp kontextualiseras utifrån yrkesroller. Processen med att arbeta med experter enligt Delphi-metoden gav ett bra underlag för att analysera och diskutera olika definitioner av centrala begrepp inom informationssäkerhetsområdet. Dessutom har experterna varit mycket engagerade i processen. Vi föreslår att framtida begreppsutredningar använder sig av denna metod eller varianter av den och att det är experterna, de som i sitt dagliga yrke handhar informationssäkerheten, som ska vara de som skapar definitionerna. Vi ser också ett stort behov av större, effektivare och mer samordnade former för framtida begreppsutredningar.
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| 15. |
- Anna Karin, Hedström, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of bariatric surgery on disease activity and progression of multiple sclerosis : A nationwide matched cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 28:13, s. 2099-2105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Surgical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) following metabolic surgery appear to be similar compared to those of the general bariatric population.OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of metabolic surgery on the clinical course of MS.METHODS: Using data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis register, we compared disease outcomes in 122 cases of MS who had undergone metabolic surgery with those of 122 cases of MS without surgery, matched by a two-staged Propensity score match, including age at disease onset, sex, MS phenotype, body mass index, and preoperative severity of MS as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale.RESULTS: The time to 6-month confirmed disability progression during the first five years postbaseline was shorter among the surgical patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-4.90; p = 0.03). No differences were observed regarding postoperative annual relapse rate (p = 0.24) or time to first postoperative relapse (p = 0.52).CONCLUSION: Although metabolic surgery appears to be a safe and efficient treatment of obesity in patients with MS, the clinical course of the disease might be negatively affected. Long-term nutritional follow-up after surgery and supplementation maintenance are crucial, particularly among those with preoperative deficits.
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| 16. |
- Ask, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Taking initial steps towards enterprise architecture in local government
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronic government and the information systems perspective. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ; , s. 26-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of immature use of Enterprise Architectures (EAs). In this paper we present results from an eGovernment initiative in a Swedish local government. This longitudinal case study illustrates the problems of taking initial steps of moving towards an EA during the development and implementation an eGovernment initiative. Through an analysis of goal achievements, we develop a better understanding of the challenges of using EA frameworks for local eGovernment-projects. Our results show that the immature use of the EA framework resulted in parts of the organization deviating from plan where individual members began to implement individual solutions, instead of basing decisions on the overall architecture. This impaired project’s possibility to develop towards an EA in an efficient way.
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| 17. |
- Ask, Andreas, 1977-
(författare)
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The Role of Enterprise Architecture in Local eGovernment Adoption
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- eFörvaltning ses som ett medel för att göra kommunalt förvaltningsarbete mer effektivt och interoperabelt. Dock begränsas kommuner av oförmåga att uppnå det vilket försvårar genomförandet av deras uppdrag. En orsak till varför införandet av eFörvaltning inte ger de systematiska fördelar som efterfrågas beror på att införandet av informations och kommunikations teknologier (IKT) inte är tillräckligt. Förändringen som krävs kan inte ske över en natt utan är en gradvis förändring över tid som även kräver nya sätt att arbeta på. Kommuner behöver hantera sin eFörvaltningsutveckling på ett mer strukturerat sätt för att öka möjligheterna att förverkliga de fördelarna som sägs kunna erhållas. Enterprise Architecture (EA) har på senare tid kommit att ses som en möjlig lösning för att komma tillrätta med denna problematik. Genom att arbeta mot en EA skapas möjligheten att brygga IKT system med affärsprocesser och därigenom leda till effektivitet och interoperabilitet. Dock är EA inom offentlig sektor ifrågasatt. Forskare menar att EA saknar tydlig definierad omfattning och begreppsvärld, vilket gör användningen av EA inom förvaltningsarbete svår. De omfattande logiska EA ramverk som finns idag saknar innehåll som är specifikt relaterade till offentlig sektor. Vari det blir problematiskt att arbeta mot en EA inom offentlig sektor.Denna licentiatavhandling lägger följande forskningsfråga: ”Vilken roll har EA för införandet av eFörvaltning inom Svenska kommuner?” Samt följande underfrågor ”Vilka förutsättningar finns för att använda EA vid eFörvaltningsutveckling?” ”Vad har Örebro kommun uppnått genom att arbete mot en EA i deras eFörvaltningsutveckling?” Och ”Vilka problem har Örebro kommun upplevt av att arbeta mot en EA vid eFörvaltningsutvecklingen?”. En longitudinell fallstudie av ett eFörvaltningsutvecklingsprojekt i Örebrokommun genomfördes mellan 2007 och 2009 med syfte att utröna dessa frågor och för att skapa insikt om EAs roll för eFörvaltningsutveckling. Förutsättningar, resultat och upplevda problem vid eFörvaltningsutvecklingen studerades. I anslutning till detta empiriska arbete genomfördes även en jämförandestudie av eFörvaltningsmål såsom de anges i officiella statliga dokument inom så väl Sverige som i EU gentemot förmodade fördelarna med EA som diskuteras i samtida EA-litteratur.Studien visar att EA som fenomen ses som en förutsättning för att lyckas med eFörvaltning. 7 viktiga aspekter gällande förutsättningen för att lyckas med kommuners eFörvaltningsutveckling identifierades: Skillnaden mellan administrativa och politiska ansvaret, Politiskt mandat, Politisk timing, Resursfördelning, Samordning under NPM, Leverantörsberoende, Val av standard och bäst praxis. För att förbättra möjligheten att röna framgång i eFörvaltningsutveckling behöver dessa aspekter aktualiseras och hanteras. New Public Management (NPM) som styrmodell utgör ett strukturellt hinder för eFörvaltningsutveckling som förhindrar en mer explicit användning av EA-ramverk, vilket påverkar möjligheten att uppnå uppsatta mål negativt. Trots den strukturella problematik som föreligger, kan stöd erhållas genom att arbeta utifrån ett ”EA-tänk”. Ett ”EAtänk” kan här ses som ett medel för att påbörja förändringen mot en EA utan att för den delen explicit använda sig av ett EA-ramverk, eller -metod. Dock är det viktigt skapa en förståelse för att ”EA-tänk” som fenomen i sin tur ger upphov till strukturer och således kan leda till problem som även de måste hanteras för att eFörvaltningsutveckling skall lyckas. eFörvaltning, NPM och ett ”EA-tänk” skapar en strukturell triad där olika strukturella egenskaper i vissa fall sammanfaller med varandra vari de kan stödja kommuner i dess arbete och således bidra till positiv utveckling. Medan det i andra fall leder till negativ utveckling där administrationen upplever problem att ta till sig av de rekommendationer eFörvaltningsprojektet kan tänkas ge till organisationen som helhet. Paradoxalt nog skapar denna strukturella triad en situation där kommuner måste arbete runt sig själv för att komma framåt. Normer och befintliga strukturer i kommuner förhindrar effektiv samarbete både internt mellan olika förvaltningar och externt gentemot andra kommuner och landsting vilket leder till fragmentariska framsteg mot projektmålen och i slutänden även kommunens övergripande mål gällande eFörvaltningsutveckling. Givet de i många fall motstridiga strukturella egenskaper som finns mellan NPM och eFörvaltning innebär att det initiala arbetet mot EA i eFörvaltningsutveckling är ett ytterst komplext fenomen. För att öka möjligheten att eFörvaltningsutvecklingen blir lyckad krävs det att kommuner känner till och hantera den negativa inverkan NPM har på eFörvaltningsutveckling. Samtidigt behöver de känna till och hanterar problematiken som uppstår av att arbeta mot en EA genom ett ”EA-tänk”, Samt att som studien visat, EA ger inget stöd för mer politiseras mål, vari kommuner behöver annat sätt och andra strategier för sådant arbete. Detta är viktigt att beakta, speciellt med tanke på att mer politiserade mål i mångt och mycket är de mål som kommer premieras av politiker. Av just den enkla orsaken att politiker inte blir omvalda på grund av “effektiva IKT integrerade interna processer” utan blir omvalda utifrån förbättringar som är synliga och som gagnar medborgare positivt.Avhandlingen bidrar till forsknings genom att öka förståelse för och behovet av att hantera både positiva och negativa faktorer som påverkar möjligheten att lyckas med eFörvaltningsutveckling inom kommunalt arbete. Vilket inkluderar de 7 identifierade kritiska faktorer måste aktualiseras och hanteras för att öka möjligheten att lyckas. Den negativa effekt NPM har på eFörvaltningsutveckling och hur ett ”EA-tänk” kan leda till positiv utveckling, även om det som denna studie visat inte kan bidra till mer politiserade mål. Vad gäller denna licentiatavhandlings bidrag till praktiken så bidrar den med att belysa den problematiska situation som föreligger av att institutionaliserade strukturer i många fall verkar som ett hinder mot förändring. Studien möjliggör även till att kommuner kan skapa en förståelse för sin egna eFörvaltningsutveckling och möjligtvis kan verka för att inte uppleva samma problematik som identifierats i Örebros eFörvaltningsutveckling samt visa på hur en kommun kan arbeta för att hantera den problematik som inte kan förhindras alternativ som uppstår trots denna kunskap.
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| 18. |
- Bergvall, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Spline-based cardiac motion tracking using velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging.
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. - 1558-254X. ; 27:8, s. 1045-1053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the problem of tracking cardiac motion and deformation using velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging. We expand upon an earlier described method and fit a spatiotemporal motion model to measured velocity data. We investigate several different spatial elements both qualitatively and quantitatively using phantom measurements and data from human subjects. In addition, we also use optical flow estimation by the Horn-Schunk method as complementary data in regions where the velocity measurements are noisy. Our results show that it is possible to obtain good motion tracking accuracy in phantoms with relatively few spatial elements, if the type of element is properly chosen. The use of optical flow can correct some measurement artifacts but may give an underestimation of the magnitude of the deformation. In human subjects the different spatial elements perform quantitatively in a similar way but qualitative differences exists, as shown by a semiquantitative visual scoring of the different methods.
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| 19. |
- Bernhard, Iréne, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A digital society for all? : Meanings, practices and policies for digital diversity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019. - Honolulu, HI, USA. - 9780998133126 ; , s. 3067-3076
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of digital divides has been on the agenda in research and policy making for at least the last 20 years. But it is still, a challenge to grasp this concept that is so elusive and transforming. Inclusion, access and equality are still key values for democratic governance and must be addressed in particular when forming and contributing to a digital government. This paper seeks to intervene in current debates on digital divides and digital inclusion by analyzing two cases of responses among street-level public administration in relation to e-government services in Sweden. The case studies are strategically chosen and conducted in national agencies and in local public libraries. Three lines of contributions are discussed, firstly thei mportance to care for equality secondly the need to seethe non-users, and thirdly to discuss the potential of putting focus on digital diversity.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 24. |
- Denk, Thomas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Citizens' attitudes towards automated decision-making
- 2022
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Ingår i: Information Polity. - : IOS Press. - 1570-1255 .- 1875-8754. ; 27:3, s. 391-408
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public organisations are starting to show an interest in automated decision-making (ADM). So far, existing research focuses on the governmental perspective on this phenomenon. Less attention is paid to citizens' views on ADM. The aim of this study is to provide empirical insights into citizen awareness of and beliefs about ADM in public-sector services. To this end, we participated in an annual national survey in Sweden carried out by the SOM Institute at Gothenburg University concluding that a minority of the citizens know about the use of ADM in public-sector services. Furthermore, when computers instead of civil servants make decisions in the public-sector, citizens expect decisions by computers to become less legally secure but more impartial. They also expect ADM to take personal circumstances into account to a lesser degree and become less transparent. Finally, we found that citizens with that awareness expect decisions by computers to become more reliable and impartial. Based on our empirical findings in relation to previous research, we suggest four hypotheses on citizen's awareness and beliefs about public-sector ADM.
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| 25. |
- Denk, Thomas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Medborgarna och automatiserat beslutsfattande
- 2019. - 1
-
Ingår i: Storm och Stiltje. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet. - 9789189673441 ; , s. 183-196
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I allt större utsträckning införs automatiserat beslutsfattande i offentlig sektor. Det innebär att datorer ersätter handläggare som beslutsfattare. Flera av de ärenden som avgörs med automatiserat beslutsfattande berör medborgarna. Detta kapitel undersöker om medborgarna är medvetna om denna förändring och hur de tror att besluten förändras när datorer ersätter handläggare som beslutsfattare. Resultaten visar att det är en minoritet (20 procent) som har kännedom sedan tidigare om automatiserat beslutsfattande i offentlig sektor. En majoritet tror att besluten förvisso blir mer opartiska när datorer istället för handläggare fattar beslut, men inte att besluten blir mer tillförlitliga. De tror också att automatiska beslut kommer att ta mindre hänsyn till människornas situation och minska insynen i beslutsfattandet. De som har kännedom om automatiserat beslutsfattande är mer positiva när det gäller beslutens opartiskhet och tillförlitlighet, men anser i samma utsträckning som de utan kännedom att besluten medför mindre hänsynstagande till människors situation och minskad insyn i beslutsfattandet.
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| 26. |
- Denk, Thomas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Medborgarnas inställning till automatiserat beslutsfattande
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Digitala är vi allihopa?. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet, Göteborgs universitet. - 9789189673489 ; , s. 78-89
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Alltfler myndigheter inför automatiserat beslutsfattande, vilket innebär att en dator fattar beslut istället för handläggare och utredare. Detta kapitel undersöker med- borgarnas inställning till att öka det automatiserade beslutsfattandet i myndigheter. Kapitlets analyser visar att en majoritet (64 procent) anser att det är ett mycket dåligt eller ganska dåligt förslag att datorer ska få ta över fler beslut i myndigheter. Analyserna indikerar också att inställningen har samband med socio-demografisk bakgrund, politiska förhållningssätt och framtidsoro för AI, automatisering och robotisering. Den negativa inställningen återfinns i samtliga grupper. Det är dessutom så att det snarare är graden av negativ inställning som varierar mellan grupper än inställningen som sådan. Med dessa resultat framträder en möjlig spänning mellan utvecklingen inom myndigheter och medborgarnas inställning till automatiserat beslutsfattande.
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| 27. |
- Denk, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Medborgarnas inställning till automatiserat beslutsfattande
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Digitala är vi allihopa?. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet, Göteborgs universitet. - 9789189673489 ; , s. 79-89
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alltfler myndigheter inför automatiserat beslutsfattande, vilket innebär att en dator fattar beslut istället för handläggare och utredare. Detta kapitel undersöker medborgarnas inställning till att öka det automatiserade beslutsfattandet i myndigheter. Kapitlets analyser visar att en majoritet (64 procent) anser att det är ett mycket dåligt eller ganska dåligt förslag att datorer ska få ta över flera beslut i myndigheter. Analyserna indikerar också att inställningen har samband med socio-demografisk bakgrund, politiska förhållningssätt och framtidsoro för AI, automatisering och robotisering. Den negativa inställningen återfinns i samtliga grupper. Det är dessutom så att det snarare är graden av negativ inställning som varierar mellan grupper än inställningen som sådan. Med dessa resultat framträder en möjlig spänning mellan utvecklingen inom myndigheter och medborgarnas inställning till automatiserat beslutsfattande.
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| 28. |
- Dhillon, Gurpreet, et al.
(författare)
-
Ensuring Core Competencies for Cybersecurity Specialists
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cybersecurity Education for Awareness and Compliance. - Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA : IGI Global. - 9781522578475 - 9781522578482 ; , s. 121-133
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within an organization, it is critical that all employees possess a security awareness and thus play a part in the protection of said organization's information assets. Some employees will have key roles and responsibilities and require specific skills to support them. However, organizations can face challenges in regard to recognizing the required specialized skills as well as where to obtain them. For this reason, whether an organization chooses to hire new staff, developing existing staff, or outsource the activities altogether, it is necessary to know the type and level of expertise required. To this end, this chapter discusses the need for organizations to understand and identify the essential skills related to cybersecurity in order for their employees to develop core competencies in these areas.
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| 29. |
- Edvardsson, Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bankonstruktionens egenskaper och deras påverkansgrad på nedbrytningen av spårfunktionen
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trafikverket saknar idag övergripande underhållsstrategier för järnvägsanläggningen som beskriver hur underhållet ska bedrivas för bästa kostnadseffektivitet. Syftet med denna rapport är att identifiera de egenskaper som påverkar nedbrytningen av järnvägen. Det finns i Sverige idag ungefär 15 000 km järnväg, varav 13 600 km förvaltas av Trafikverket. Det finns ett behov av att förbättra möjligheten att bedöma tillståndet och förutspå framtida tillstånds-utveckling för olika anläggningstyper i ett livscykelperspektiv. Först och främst behövs underlag i form av de tillståndsdata som samlas in idag och en övergripande identifikation av de nedbrytande egenskaper som påverkar järnvägsanläggningen, deras grad av påverkan och effektsamband. Syftet med rapporten är att identifiera de egenskaper som påverkar nedbrytningen; definierat som tillståndsförändringen, hos banöverbyggnad och banunderbyggnad samt gradera påverkansgraden av dessa. I rapporten redogörs också för effektsamband. Identifierade nedbrytande egenskaper innefattar alltså sådana som påverkar banöverbyggnad och banunderbyggnad, däremot ingår inte spårväxlar, kanalisation, el, signal eller tele. För att kunna skapa tillförlitliga livscykelkostnadsmodeller som möjliggör prioritering och planering av underhållsåtgärder på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt behöver mycket fokus läggas på indata till modellen. Många komponenter i anläggningen har komplicerade nedbrytningsprocesser. Det är också viktigt, vid valet av underhållsstrategi, att titta på vilka delar som är förknippade med höga kostnader, där både kostnaden för åtgärd och frekvensen av åtgärd betraktas. Störst inverkan, av de faktorer som bedömts påverka nedbrytningen av bankonstruktionen, har trafikbelastningen, där både lasten och frekvensen av denna påverkar. Sedan följer, i fallande ordning, dränering, dräneringssystemet, ballast, räl och sliprar, ballastförorening, kurvor och övergångs-konstruktioner, förekomst av skarvar, undergrundens stabilitet och fordonsegenskaper med mera. Projektet har genomförts som en jämförande studie, där nedbrytande egenskaper och effektsamband som kunnat identifieras genom litteraturstudier har jämförts med motsvarande resultat erhållna genom kvalitativa studier, det vill säga djupintervjuer med experter inom området.
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| 30. |
- Eliason, Emma, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mediated values in Swedish Municipality Website Design
- 2005
-
Ingår i: The ethicomp decade 1995-2005.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Not only in Sweden are governments designing and maintaining web sites, this to be able to improve interaction with their citizens. It is therefore important to choose the best suiting website design, communicating the intended values. In this paper two Swedish municipality front pages are compared with respect to mediated user roles, user groups, action space (action possibilities and restrictions), and communicated producer intent. This highlights how values can be mediated in website design.
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| 31. |
- Eliason, Emma
(författare)
-
Value awareness in web site design
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims to develop knowledge about value-awareness in website design. To achieve the aim - this thesis investigates values in thedesign of Swedish municipality web sites through a perspective ofinherited values. It covers the designer perspectives’ intentions andreasons as well as user experiences and expectations. Value awarenessis influenced by theories where values and the creation of meaning arefocused. E.g., theories about: Genres; Use quality; Value sensitivedesign. The design process is seen as a decision process, wherequestions about prioritization of values have been considered.The study yields four main contributions. 1) A reflective concept ofvalue awareness; 2) Knowledge about genre-related design effects byusing the perspective of inherited values; 3) A method for value awareweb design; and 4) A guide to design by example. The empirical studyis a contribution for practical web site design for municipalities.A conclusion made in the study is that the perspective of inheritedvalues contributes to reflections on website design in several differentways. The perspective makes it possible to detect effects of designdecisions and it supports the identification of different designexamples which can be used to discuss design priorities,communicated values, and design effects. This study has shown that itis important to be value aware in web site design. Inspiration fromother designs, leads to inheritance of value prioritizations. Elements ofthe design process, such as technical and organizational arrangementsconvey prioritizations made elsewhere at earlier stages. These factorscreate expectations and experiences that might not be appropriate inthe context in which the web site is intended.
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| 32. |
- Engdahl, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased Serological Response Against Human Herpesvirus 6A Is Associated With Risk for Multiple Sclerosis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A or HHV-6B involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology has remained controversial mainly due to the lack of serological methods that can distinguish the two viruses. A novel multiplex serological assay measuring IgG reactivity against the immediate-early protein 1 from HHV-6A (IE1A) and HHV-6B (IE1B) was used in a MS cohort (8,742 persons with MS and 7,215 matched controls), and a pre-MS cohort (478 individuals and 476 matched controls) to investigate this further. The IgG response against IE1A was positively associated with MS (OR = 1.55, p = 9 × 10-22), and increased risk of future MS (OR = 2.22, p = 2 × 10-5). An interaction was observed between IE1A and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody responses for MS risk (attributable proportion = 0.24, p = 6 × 10-6). In contrast, the IgG response against IE1B was negatively associated with MS (OR = 0.74, p = 6 × 10-11). The association did not differ between MS subtypes or vary with severity of disease. The genetic control of HHV-6A/B antibody responses were located to the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region and the strongest association for IE1A was the DRB1*13:01-DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03 haplotype while the main association for IE1B was DRB1*13:02-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:04. In conclusion a role for HHV-6A in MS etiology is supported by an increased serological response against HHV-6A IE1 protein, an interaction with EBV, and an association to HLA genes.
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| 33. |
|
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| 34. |
- Gholiha, Alex Reza, et al.
(författare)
-
Checkpoint CD47 expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2022
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 197:5, s. 580-589
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glycoprotein CD47 regulates antiphagocytic activity via signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa). This study investigated CD47 expression on Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells in the classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) tumour microenvironment and its correlation with prognosis, programmed-death (PD) immune markers, and SIRPa+ leukocytes. We conducted immunohistochemistry with CD47 and SIRPa antibodies on diagnostic biopsies (tissue microarrays) from cHL patients from two cohorts (n = 178). In cohort I (n = 136) patients with high expression of CD47 on HRS cells (n = 48) had a significantly inferior event-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.78–11.20; p < 0.001] and overall survival (OS) (HR = 8.54; 95% CI, 3.19–22.90; p < 0.001) compared with patients with low expression (n = 88). The survival results remained statistically significant in multivariable Cox regression adjusted for known prognostic factors. In cohort II (n = 42) high HRS cell CD47 expression also carried shorter event-free survival (EFS) (HR = 5.96; 95% CI, 1.20–29.59; p = 0.029) and OS (HR = 5.61; 95% CI, 0.58–54.15; p = 0.136), although it did not retain statistical significance in the multivariable analysis. Further, high CD47 expression did not correlate with SIRPa+ leukocytes or PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. This study provides a deeper understanding of the role of CD47 in cHL during an era of emerging CD47 therapies.
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| 35. |
- Gholiha, Alex R., et al.
(författare)
-
High tumour plasma cell infiltration reflects an important microenvironmental component in classic Hodgkin lymphoma linked to presence of B-symptoms
- 2019
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 184:2, s. 192-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma cells are important prognostic actors in different malignancies. The tumour microenvironmental composition in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a major prognostic key element; however, clinicopathological studies regarding plasma cells in cHL are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate CD138+ (also termed SDC1+) plasma cell and IgG4 producing (IgG4+) plasma cells infiltration in the microenvironment of cHL. Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD138 and IgG4 antibodies was performed on diagnostic tumour biopsies from 124 patients with cHL, on tissue micro array (TMA). In 120 cases, CD138+ plasma cell-infiltration was associated with the presence of B-symptoms (P = 0·028) and advanced stage, IIB-IVB (P = 0·009). In multivariate analysis, CD138+ plasma cells correlated with eosinophil infiltration (P = 0·013). The subgroup of IgG4+ plasma cells was analysed in 122 cases and only correlated to CD138+ plasma cells (P = 0·004). Patients with high proportion of tumour infiltrating CD138+ plasma cells (defined as ≥10%), had a more inferior event-free survival (P = 0·007) and overall survival (P = 0·004) than patients with a low proportion of infiltrating CD138+ plasma cells (<10%), although significance was not maintained in multivariate analysis. In summary, a high proportion of tumour-associated plasma cells in cHL reflect an important component in the microenvironment of cHL.
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| 36. |
- Gholiha, Alex R., et al.
(författare)
-
Revisiting IL-6 expression in the tumor microenvironment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 5:6, s. 1671-1681
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can induce therapeutic resistance for several cancer agents currently used to treat classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We aimed to investigate whether the presence of IL-6(+) leukocytes and IL-6(+) Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was associated with adverse survival outcomes, expression of other immune markers, and serum IL-6 levels. We used a contemporarily treated cohort (n = 136), with a median follow-up of 13.8 years (range, 0.59-15.9 years). We performed immunohistochemistry with an IL-6 antibody on tissue microarrays from diagnostic biopsies of cHL patients. Patients with IL-6(+) leukocytes >= 1% (n = 54 of 136) had inferior event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-7.15) and overall survival (HR = 6.71; 95% CI, 2.51-17.99). The adverse survival was maintained in multivariate Cox regression and propensity score-matched analyses, adjusting for well-known poor-prognostic covariates. The presence of IL-6(+) HRS cells and high serum IL-6 levels were not associated with survival. IL-6(+) leukocytes correlated with increased proportions of IL-6(+) HRS cells (P < .01), CD138(+) plasma cells (P < .01), CD68(+) macrophages (P = .02), and tryptase-positive mast cells (P < .01). IL-6(+) HRS cells correlated with increased proportions of CD68+ macrophages (P = .03), programmed death-ligand 1-positive (PD-L1(+)) leukocytes (P = .04), and PD-L1(+) HRS cells (P < .01). Serum-IL-6 lacked correlation with IL-6 expression in the TME. This is the first study highlighting the adverse prognostic impact of IL-6(+) leukocytes in the TME in a cohort of contemporarily treated adult patients with cHL.
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| 37. |
- Granholm, Martina, 1969-
(författare)
-
Materialitetens roller och förutsättningar i kommunal krisledning
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetet med denna licentiatavhandling har skett inom ramarna för det Interregionalt finansierade projektet Gränslös samverkan för ökad säkerhet 2. Syftet med avhandlingen har varit att fördjupa kunskapen om kommunal krisledning genom att också inkludera materialitetens medverkan i krisledningen och vilka förutsättningarna är för att de ska brukas. Med perspektivet av hur analoga och digitala resurser används under krisledning och vilka förutsättningar som finns för att detta ska göras skapas insikter att ta i beaktande när övningar och IT-stöd för övningar. Studier har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats med litteraturstudier, intervjuer och observationer som datainsamlingsmetoder. Det empiriska materialet har därefter betraktats med meningsgivande (sensemaking) och affordans (affordance) som teoretiska perspektiv för att förstå materialitetens roll och förutsättning i kommunal krisledning.Avhandlingen visar att de förmågor som är återkommande under övningar är samverkan, kommunikation, informationsdelning och skapande av lägesbild. Ofta övas inte aktiviteterna i sin helhet då tekniska och analoga resurser inte innefattas i övningarna. Aktörerna övar därmed delar av görandet, att tänka kring exempelvis att skapa en lägesbild, och inte görandet som helhet som involverar materialitet. Aktörernas egna reflektioner från utvärderingarna är att de själva önskar mer övning med de tekniska resurser som de har till sitt förfogande. Artikel II visar att materialiteten tar en stor plats i det arbete som sker i krisledningsrummet. Materialiteten kan ses anta roller som strukturgivande, meningsgivande, tidsöverbryggande och distansöverbryggande. Den tredje ingående artikeln visar att förutsättningar för att kunna bedriva krisledning är att kunna hantera materialitetens roller och att det krävs flexibilitet då krisledningsgruppens sammansättning är beroende av krisens art och omfattning. Ytterligare en förutsättning är trygghet i den egna organisationen, att känna sin egen roll i krisledningsgruppen och att kunna hantera de analoga och digitala resurser som finns tillgängliga är även det en förutsättning för arbetet. Avslutningsvis visar arbetet också att tid är viktig. Tid att kunna öva de personer som ska ingå i krisledningsgruppen för att därmed kunna skapa den trygghet som behövs.
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| 38. |
- Grönlund, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Right on time : understanding eGovernment in developing countries
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Social inclusion. - New York : Springer. - 9780387345871 ; , s. 73-87
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many, if not most, developing countries today engage in Electronic Government (eGovernment) pojects. There are big hopes, not just modernizing government and making it more ffective and efficient, but also eGovernment is expected to drive the general development owards the information society, both by examples of good practice and by major investment. However, many sources claim project failure rate is high. Reasons are found in many places,but it is reasonable to summarize them by saying that project goals are too ambitious given existing production capacity. Hence there is need to find ways of choosing and defining projects in a way that meets the conditions in the country and sector where they are going to be implemented. To do so, this paper presents two tools, a checklist and a maturity model, for assessing the preconditions for eGovernment projects in developing countries. The underlying data sources are threefold: e-government readiness indexes, project experiences and assessments of social and political conditions. The checklist matches requirements for successful eGovernment against supply and demand side factors, hence providing a guide in choosing which of projects to initiate and which to avoid. The maturity model supports in mapping projects on a wider development agenda, hence helping avoiding dead ends such as investing in unused technology, supporting dysfunctional processes with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) instead of first redesigning them and then putting in ICT in support for the new and better processes etc. In particular, the tools show the close relation between eGovernment and other development agendas, for example education, investment policies or telecom (de)regulation – without alignment with such programmes, eGovernment is likely to fail. The two tools help making factors pertinent to success and failure more explicit and hence improve decision making.
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| 39. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term outcome for ADL following the health-promoting RCT : elderly persons in the risk zone
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Gerontologist. - 0016-9013 .- 1758-5341. ; 53:4, s. 654-663
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To examine independence in activities of daily living (ADL) at the 1- and 2-year follow-ups of the health-promoting study Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone.Design and Method: A randomized, three-armed, single-blind, and controlled study. A representative sample of 459 independent and community-dwelling older adults, 80 years and older, were included. A preventive home visit was compared with four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings including a follow-up home visit.Results: Analysis showed a significant difference in favor of the senior meetings in postponing dependence in ADL at the 1-year follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–3.10) and also in reducing dependence in three (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31–0.86) and four or more ADL (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22–0.72) at the 2-year follow-up. A preventive home visit reduced dependence in two (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24–0.68) and three or more ADL (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.17–0.80) after 1 year.Implications: A long-term evaluation of Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone showed that both senior meetings and a preventive home visit reduced the extent of dependence in ADL after 1 year. The senior meetings were superior to a preventive home visit since additional significant effects were seen after 2 years. To further enhance the long-term effects of the senior meetings and support the process of self-change in health behavior, it is suggested that booster sessions might be a good way of reinforcing the intervention.
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| 40. |
- Havstorm, Tanja Elina, 1991-
(författare)
-
Cargo Cult in Agile Software Development
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Software development (SD) projects are complex endeavors, and organizations employ software development methods (SDMs) both to add structure and to propel their projects. Nowadays, agile SDMs are the most used methods. Still, inefficient and ineffective use of SDMs is a challenge, and existing research shows cases of SD teams failing in their use of SDMs due to deviations made. Of course, methods should not be used in rigorous and textbook-like ways. Among practitioners, some of these deviations are referred to as cargo cult behavior; without, however, providing much of theoretical depth or any analytical tools to identify and characterize such behaviors. Although existing research has investigated SDM deviations, they have not been investigated as cargo cult behavior.Against this backdrop, the aim of this thesis is to understand the challenges in succeeding with SDM use by developing a theory called SDM cargo cult theory (SDMCCT), to identify, analyze, and describe the cargo cult phenomenon in agile SDM use. The journey of this thesis takes its starting point in practitioners’ use of the buzzwords “cargo cult” when referring to flawed SDM use. By returning to the field of social anthropology and its studies of cargo cult, a definition of SDM cargo cult and an analytical framework are iteratively crafted through a longitudinal ethnographic study to constitute the SDMCCT. The research approach has been abductive and the SDMCCT builds on social action theory and work motivation theory.The ethnographical study took place at an international industrial manufacturing company in Sweden that is using agile SDMs. This study includes three years of data collection, which includes observations, interviews, and gathering of business documents. The ethnographic study focused on three SD teams and their daily work using agile SDMs. The analysis using the analytical framework includes four agile SDM practices: daily scrum meeting, sprint demo, continuous integration, and visualization. In total, the analysis uncovered 36 deviations in the SD teams’ use of these practices, structured into 30 SDM cargo cult categories. In addition, this study shows that the framework is applicable to analyze and characterize effective SDM use as well, although it is not its main focus. The framework can be used by researchers to make similar analysis of cargo cult situations in other organizations, and the catalogue of cargo cult situations can serve as background knowledge for other organizations to study and improve their SD teams’ use of agile SDM practices.
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| 41. |
- Havstorm, Tanja Elina, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Uncovering Situations of Cargo Cult Behavior in Agile Software Development Method Use
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - : University of Hawai'i at Manoa. - 9780998133164 ; , s. 6486-6495
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Misinterpretations and faulty use of Software Development Method (SDM) practices and principles are identified pitfalls in Software Development (SD). Previous research indicates cases with method adoption and use failures; one reason could be the SDM Cargo Cult (CC) behavior, where SD organizations claim to be agile but not doing agile. Previous research has suggested the SDM CC framework as an analytical tool. The aim of this paper is to refine the SDM CC framework and empirically test this version of the framework. We use data from an ethnographical study on three SD teams’ Daily Scrum Meetings (DSM). The empirical material was collected through observations, interviews, and the organization’s business documents. We uncovered twelve CC situations in the SD teams’ use of the DSM practice, structured into seven categories of SDM deviations: bringing irrelevant information, canceling meetings, disturbing the team, receiving unclear information, bringing new requirements, problemsolving, and task distribution.
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| 42. |
- Hedenstierna, Louise, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on risk for RA : results from a Swedish prospective cohort study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: RMD Open. - : BMJ. - 2056-5933. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Several, but not all studies, have shown a dose-dependent inverse association with alcohol consumption and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whereas smoking is an established risk factor for RA. We aimed to study the association between alcohol consumption and RA incidence and investigate a potential interaction between alcohol and smoking habits, regarding RA incidence.Methods We used a prospective cohort study, based on 41 068 participants with detailed assessment of alcohol intake, smoking and potential confounders at baseline in 1997. We ascertained a total of 577 incident cases of RA during a mean of 17.7 years of follow-up through linkage to nationwide and essentially complete databases. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HR with 95% CI. Interaction on the additive scale between alcohol and smoking was estimated by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP).Results Overall, alcohol consumption was associated with a 30% reduced incidence of RA (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.86) with a dose-response relationship (p value for trend <0.001) which remained significant after stratification by age and smoking habits. The positive association between smoking and RA incidence was reduced with increasing alcohol consumption (p value for trend <0.001). A synergistic effect was observed between alcohol and smoking (AP 0.40, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.64), indicating that 40% of the cases among the double exposed are due to the interaction per se.Conclusions Our findings suggest an inverse association between alcohol consumption and RA incidence, and a synergistic effect between alcohol and smoking.
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| 43. |
- Hedenstierna, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Neither low social support nor low decision latitude at work is associated with disease remission among patients with rheumatoid arthritis : results from the Swedish EIRA study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : BioMed Central. - 1478-6362. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between psychosocial vulnerability, defined as either low social support or low decision latitude at work, and disease remission at 3, 12, and 60 months in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).METHODS: This cohort study included all patients enrolled in both the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) 1996-2015 and the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (SRQ, n = 2820). Information on social support and decision latitude at work at RA diagnosis were identified from the EIRA questionnaire. Indexes for levels of social support and decision latitude at work, respectively, were calculated based on the questionnaire. Low social support and low decision latitude at work, respectively, were identified by a score in the lowest quartile and compared with the three other quartiles (not low). Disease-activity parameters were retrieved from SRQ at 3, 12, and 60 months. The associations between social support or decision latitude at work, respectively, and Disease Activity Score 28 joint count with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) remission were analysed using logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking habits, alcohol habits, symptom duration, and educational level.RESULTS: Having low social support (n = 591) was not associated with DAS28-CRP remission at 3 (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.74-1.16), 12 (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.75-1.23), or 60 (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.72-1.10) months compared to not low social support (n = 2209). No association was observed for low (n = 212) versus not low (n = 635) decision latitude at work and DAS28-CRP remission at 3 (OR 0.84, 95%CI 0.54-1.31), 12 (OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.56-1.16), or 60 (OR 1.37, 95%CI 0.94-2.01) months.CONCLUSION: In a country with general access to healthcare, psychosocial vulnerability does not influence the likelihood of achieving remission in early RA.
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| 44. |
- Hedström, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Association between exposure to combustion-related air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 52:3, s. 703-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Smoking and occupational pulmonary irritants contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) development. We aimed to study the association between ambient air pollution and MS risk and potential interaction with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15:01 allele.Methods: Exposure to combustion-related air pollution was estimated as outdoor levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the participants’ residence locations, by spatially resolved dispersion modelling for the years 1990–18. Using two population-based case-control studies (6635 cases, 8880 controls), NOx levels were associated with MS risk by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression models. Interaction between high NOx levels and the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele regarding MS risk was calculated by the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). In addition, a register study was performed comprising all MS cases in Sweden who had received their diagnosis between 1993 and 2018 (n = 22 173), with 10 controls per case randomly selected from the National Population register.Results: Residential air pollution was associated with MS risk. NOx levels (3-year average) exceeding the 90th percentile (24.6 µg/m3) were associated with an OR of 1.37 (95% CI 1.10–1.76) compared with levels below the 25th percentile (5.9 µg/m3), with a trend of increasing risk of MS with increasing levels of NOx (P <0.0001). A synergistic effect was observed between high NOx levels (exceeding the lower quartile among controls) and the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele regarding MS risk (AP 0.26, 95% CI 0.13–0.29).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that moderate levels of combustion-related ambient air pollution may play a role in MS development.
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| 45. |
- Hedström, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Insomnia And Mortality Is Only Evident Among Long Sleepers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - 1179-1608. ; 11, s. 333-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies investigating the relationship between insomnia and mortality have been inconsistent. Purpose: We aimed to assess whether nocturnal insomnia symptoms and non-restorative sleep are associated with all-cause mortality and whether they modify the associations between short and long sleep duration and all-cause mortality. Patients and methods: The present report is based on a prospective cohort study of 39,139 participants with a mean follow-up time of 19.6 years. Cox proportional hazard models with attained age as timescale were used to estimate overall mortality hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different categories of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms. Results: Both difficulty initiating sleep and daytime sleepiness were independently associated with increased mortality among those with sleep duration of 9 hrs or more (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11-2.07 and HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.03-1.82). Mortality increased with increasing severity of difficulties initiating sleep (p for trend 0.04) and daytime sleepiness (p for trend 0.01) among the long sleepers. None of the insomnia symptoms were associated with mortality among those who reported sleep duration of 8 hrs or less. Conclusion: Long sleep in combination with difficulties initiating sleep and daytime sleepiness, possibly due to psychiatric or physical disorders, was thus associated with increased mortality, whereas long sleep without difficulties falling asleep or daytime sleepiness was not associated with mortality. Our study emphasizes the need to take nocturnal insomnia symptoms and daytime sleepiness into consideration when assessing the influence of sleep duration on mortality. Additional research is needed to elucidate the relationship between long sleep, insomnia and related psychiatric and physical disorders.
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| 46. |
- Hedström, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Complex Relationships of Smoking, HLA-DRB1 Genes, and Serologic Profiles in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis : Update From a Swedish Population-Based Case-Control Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : WILEY. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 71:9, s. 1504-1511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Smoking is associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in subsets of patients defined according to the presence or absence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factors (RFs). Moreover, an interaction between smoking and the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for seropositive RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between smoking and the HLA-DRB1 SE with regard to risk of RA in different patient subsets based on ACPA and RF status. Methods Incident cases of RA (3,645 cases, 5,883 matched controls) were divided into 4 subgroups based on the presence or absence of RF and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (anti-CCP2) antibodies. The influence of smoking on the risk of disease was determined in each RA subgroup, using logistic regression models with calculation of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The potential interaction between smoking and HLA-DRB1 SE genes was evaluated by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). Results In the RF+/anti-CCP2+ subset of RA patients, both smoking and the presence of the HLA-DRB1 SE conferred independent disease risks, and there was a strong interaction between the 2 risk factors (AP 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.5). In the RF-/anti-CCP2+ patient subset, the HLA-DRB1 SE conferred an increased risk of RA, whereas the independent influence of smoking was limited. However, there was a significant interaction between the HLA-DRB1 SE and smoking (AP 0.2, 95% CI 0.02, 0.5). In the RF+/anti-CCP2- patient subset, there was an increased risk of disease among smokers, which was only marginally affected by the presence of the HLA-DRB1 SE, and no interaction between the 2 factors was observed (AP 0.002, 95% CI -0.3, 0.3). In the RF-/anti-CCP2- patient subset, neither smoking nor the presence of the HLA-DRB1 SE conferred an increased risk of RA. Conclusion These findings demonstrate different effects of smoking and HLA-DRB1 in the 4 serologically defined RA subsets.
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| 47. |
- Hedström, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Insomnia in the context of short sleep increases suicide risk
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 44:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objectives: The relationship between insomnia and suicide risk is not completely understood. We aimed to investigate the influence of insomnia on suicide risk, taking both sleep duration and depression into consideration.Methods: The present study is based on a Swedish prospective cohort study of 38,786 participants with a mean follow-up time of 19.2 years. Cox proportional hazards models with attained age as time-scale were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death by suicide with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for participants categorized by frequency of insomnia symptoms. Causal mediation analysis was performed to assess to what extent the relationship between insomnia and suicide risk is mediated by depression.Results: Insomnia was only associated with suicide risk among short sleepers, whereas no significant association was observed among those who slept 7 h/night or more. The total effect of insomnia in the context of short sleep on suicide risk, expressed on the HR scale, was 2.85 (95% CI 1.42-5.74). The direct effect was 2.25 (95% CI 1.12-4.54) and the indirect effect, mediated by depression, was 1.27 (95% CI 1.05-1.53). Of the total effect, 32% was mediated by depression. The association between insomnia and suicide risk became more pronounced with decreasing depressive symptoms (p value for trend <0.05).Conclusions: Insomnia in the context of short sleep increases suicide risk, both directly and indirectly by affecting the risk of depression. Abnormalities of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms should be evaluated when assessing suicide risk.
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| 48. |
- Hedström, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Interplay between alcohol, smoking and HLA genes in RA aetiology
- 2019
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Ingår i: RMD Open. - : BMJ. - 2056-5933. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The relationship between alcohol consumption and risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the influence of alcohol on anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive and ACPA-negative RA and investigate potential interactions between alcohol consumption, smoking and the presence of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1-shared epitope (SE).Methods A Swedish population-based case-control study with incident cases of RA was used (3353 cases, 2836 matched controls). Subjects with different HLA-DRB1-SE status, smoking and alcohol consumption were compared regarding risk of ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA, by calculating OR with 95% CI employing logistic regression. Interaction on the additive scale between alcohol, HLA-DRB1-SE and smoking was estimated by calculating the attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction.Results Compared with non-drinking, low and moderate alcohol consumption was dose dependently associated with a reduced risk of ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA. Independent of smoking habits, non-drinking and the presence of HLA-DRB1-SE interacted to increase the risk of ACPA-positive RA. Among HLA-DRB1-SE positive subjects, there was also a significant interaction between non-drinking and smoking with regard to risk for ACPA-positive RA. A three-way interaction was observed between alcohol, smoking and HLA-DRB1-SE with regard to risk for ACPA-positive RA (AP 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8) that remained significant when the influence from the two-way interactions was removed (AP 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6).Conclusions Our findings emphasize the need to investigate complex interactions between several environmental and genetic factors in order to better understand the etiology of RA. Whereas of great interest in an aetiological perspective, the finding of a protective role of alcohol on risk for RA must, however, be interpreted with caution in a clinical and public health perspective.
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| 49. |
- Hedström, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Organic solvents and MS susceptibility Interaction with MS risk HLA genes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 91:5, s. E455-E462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We hypothesize that different sources of lung irritation may contribute to elicit an immune reaction in the lungs and subsequently lead to multiple sclerosis (MS) in people with a genetic susceptibility to the disease. We aimed to investigate the influence of exposure to organic solvents on MS risk, and a potential interaction between organic solvents and MS risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. Methods Using a Swedish population-based case-control study (2,042 incident cases of MS and 2,947 controls), participants with different genotypes, smoking habits, and exposures to organic solvents were compared regarding occurrence of MS, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression. A potential interaction between exposure to organic solvents and MS risk HLA genes was evaluated by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction. Results Overall, exposure to organic solvents increased the risk of MS (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2-1.8, p = 0.0004). Among both ever and never smokers, an interaction between organic solvents, carriage of HLA-DRB1*15, and absence of HLA-A*02 was observed with regard to MS risk, similar to the previously reported gene-environment interaction involving the same MS risk HLA genes and smoke exposure. Conclusion The mechanism linking both smoking and exposure to organic solvents to MS risk may involve lung inflammation with a proinflammatory profile. Their interaction with MS risk HLA genes argues for an action of these environmental factors on adaptive immunity, perhaps through activation of autoaggressive cells resident in the lungs subsequently attacking the CNS.
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| 50. |
- Hedström, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between shift work and the onset of rheumatoid arthritis
- 2017
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Ingår i: RMD Open. - : BMJ. - 2056-5933. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Environmental factors play a prominent role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) aetiology. Shift work has previously been associated with increased RA risk in females. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association, including a dose-response association, between permanent night shift work, rotating shift work and day-oriented shift work and risk of developing anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA)-positive and ACPA-negative RA.Methods The present report is based on a population-based, case-control study with incident cases of RA (1951 cases and 2225 controls matched by age, gender and residential area). Using logistic regression, occurrence of RA among subjects who have been exposed to different kinds of shift work was compared with that among those who have never been exposed by calculating the OR with a 95% CI.Results Rotating shift work and day-oriented shift work increased the risk of developing ACPA-positive RA (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.7 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.6), but not ACPA-negative RA. Permanent night shift work appeared to be a protective factor both against ACPA-positive RA (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.9) and ACPA-negative RA (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.0). For both subsets of RA, significant trends showed a lower risk of developing RA with increasing duration of permanent night shift work (p value for trend 0.002 vs 0.04).Conclusions Sleep restriction as a consequence of shift work is associated with several biological effects among which changes in melatonin production may be involved. The present epidemiological findings of a complex relationship between sleep patterns and different forms of RA may be of importance for increasing the understanding of the pathophysiology of RA.
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