| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Beaumont, Robin N, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86,577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 27:4, s. 742-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, while relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86,577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother-child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P<5x10-8. In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.
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| 3. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Platform Models for Agile Customization – What's Beyond Modularization?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering Methods for Social Innovation of Industry 4.0. - : IOS Press. - 9781614998976 - 9781614998983 ; , s. 371-380
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many manufacturing companies are suppliers that deliver unique solutions to different business customers. Intense quotation work, with a high demand on accuracy and quick response, and development projects executed in close collaboration with customers and other actors characterize these companies. The projects can run for years or a few weeks depending on the business. Changes of requirements are frequent and technology development required for improved functionality, sustainability and competitiveness. The use of a product platform has been acknowledged as a strategic enabler for product family development and mass customization. However, companies struggle with adopting the common platform approach building upon pre-defined modules and components as it constraints the fulfilment of unique customer requirements and the introduction of new technology at high pace. This work reports the results from case studies conducted in collaboration with four companies. They are in many ways different but face the same challenges when it comes to customization, fluctuating requirements and need of high pace in technology advancement. The focus of this paper is on their initial states; including how they work with their product concept before the customer entry point, the work that is initiated when an order is accepted, the character of requirements and the adoption of product platforms. Criteria on, and identification of, new platforms models, termed Design Assets, are presented followed by a mapping to the Design Platform concept pointing out areas upcoming work, both scientifically and at the companies.
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| 4. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Simulation Ready CAD Models in a Set Based Concurrent Engineering Context
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2016 14th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, May 16-19, 2016.. - : The Design Society. ; , s. 649-658
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Set-based concurrent engineering (SBCE) has been pointed out as a means of enabling customisation and easy adaptation to fluctuating requirements. A feature and script based automation method of Finite Element Analysis has been proposed and developed by [Johansson, 2014] to help support SBCE. This article presents an assessment of the purposed method with respect to its industrial need, scientific novelty, and further work required. Outcomes of which include a new CAD-model tagging technique, positive industrial feedback and further work suggestions.
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| 5. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Automated Producibility Assessment Enabling Set-Based Concurrent Engineering
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press. - 9781614997030 - 9781614997023 ; , s. 947-956
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aero-engine industry is continuously faced with new challenging cost and environmental requirements. This forces company's, active in the industry, to work toward more fuel efficient engines with less environmental impact at a lower cost. This paper presents a method for assessing producibility of large sets of components within aircraft engines to enable a Set-Based Concurrent Engineering development approach. A prototype system has been developed aimed at enabling weldability analysis at a sub-supplier within the aero-engine industry. It is a part of a multi-objective decision support tool used in early design stages. The tool produces sets of CAD-models reaching the hundreds for different analyses, mainly focusing on performance aspects within structural analysis, aerodynamics and thermodynamics.
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| 6. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Extended CAD-models – State of Practice within Three Companies
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEM2017, International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 10-13 December, 2017, Singapore. - : IEEE. ; , s. 1089-1093
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product platforms and product family design have been recognized as successful methods to enable masscustomization strategies. However, companies working with products where pre-defined product variants are not feasible require a more generic platform with re-usable components as well as engineering resources. Extended CAD-models is an approach where CAD-models are utilized as carriers of information to support re-usability of both geometric content and engineering activities, decreasing product development lead-time and enabling the definition of a product family within Engineer-To-Order business contexts. The following paper presents the approach in more detail and the results of a multi-case study where three Swedish industrial companies were interviewed. Results show that all companies store information within the CAD-models to support re-usability. Several challenges were expressed such as managing responsibilities and modeling flexible CAD-models. Future trends involve the concept, but to which extent is not clear.
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| 7. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Extended design assets enabling automated tool development as a part of a product platform approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: DS92: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference. - : The Design Society. - 9789537738594 ; , s. 757-768
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product platform development is a well-established approach for reusing product knowledge in the form of geometry and its configuration rules and constraints. Explicitly defining all platform components is not always possible however. This is why a product platform approach where the processes of realising platform components also are supported is needed, instead of exclusively relying on their results. The work presented here works toward this, with a focus on automated tool development enabled by extending design assets from different tools.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Heikkinen, Tim
(författare)
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Extended product models supporting multidisciplinary design automation
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Manufacturing organizations often pursue the ability to efficiently and effectively provide custom products for its competitive advantage. Research has shown product configuration to be an effective way of achieving this goal through a modularization, product platform, and product family development approach. A core assumption behind this approach is that the module variants and their constraints are explicitly pre-defined as product knowledge. This is not always the case, however. Many companies require extensive engineering to develop each module variant but cannot afford to do so proactively to meet potential customer requirements within a predictable future. Instead, they attempt to implicitly define the module variants in terms of the process in which they can be realized. In this way, manufacturing companies develop module variants on demand efficiently and effectively when customer requirements are better defined, as justified by the increased probability of profiting from the outcome.Design automation (DA), in its broadest definition, refers to computerized engineering support that efficiently and effectively utilizes pre-planned reusable assets to progress a design process. The literature has reported several successful implementations of DA, but especially widespread higher levels of automation are yet to be seen. One DA approach involves the explicit representation of engineering process and product knowledge in the engineers preferred formats, such as computer scripts, parametric geometry models, and template spreadsheets. These design assets are developed using various computer tools, maintained within the different disciplines involved, such as design, simulation, or manufacturing, and are dependent on each other through the product model. To implement, utilize, and manage DA systems in or across multiple disciplines, it is important to understand how the disciplinary design assets depend on each other throughout the product model and how these relations should be constructed to support users without negatively affecting other aspects, such as modeling flexibility, system transparency, and software tool independence.To support the successful implementation and management of DA systems, this work focuses on understanding how digital product model constituents are, can, and, to some extent, should be extended to concretize relations toward and between design assets from different tools and disciplines. This research consists of interviews with Swedish industrial companies, technical reviews, literature reviews, and prototype developments, resulting in an increased understanding and the consequent development of a framework that highlights aspects regarding the choice and development of extension techniques.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating Design for Additive Manufacturing in Multidisciplinary Design Automation – Challenges Identified
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computer-Aided Design and Applications. - : CAD Solutions. - 1686-4360. ; 17:5, s. 936-947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One interesting method to take advantage of the particular capabilities of Additive Manufacturing is to utilize a combination of lattice-structures and topology optimization. This paper presents the results and experiences from attempting to incorporate these in an existing multidisciplinary design automation system within the aerospace industry. A combined state of art and practice is outlined with discussions regarding challenges in current commercial CAD tools, multidisciplinary design automation, and with respect to aerospace requirements.
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| 12. |
- Heikkinen, Tim
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary design automation : Working with product model extensions
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Being able to efficiently and effectively provide custom products has been identified as a competitive advantage for manufacturing organizations. Product configuration has been shown to be an effective way of achieving this through a modularization, product platform and product family development approach. A core assumption behind product configuration is that the module variants and their constraints can be explicitly defined as product knowledge in terms of geometry and configuration rules. This is not always the case, however. Many companies require extensive engineering to develop each module variant and cannot afford to do so in order to meet potential customer requirements within a predictable future. Instead, they try to implicitly define the module variants in terms of the process for how they can be realized. In this way they can realize module variants on demand efficiently and effectively when the customer requirements are better defined, and the development can be justified by the increased probability of profiting from the outcome.Design automation, in its broadest definition, deals with computerized engineering support by effectively and efficiently utilizing pre-planned reusable assets to progress the design process. There have been several successful implementations reported in the literature, but a widespread use is yet to be seen. It deals with the explicit definition of engineering process knowledge, which results in a collection of methods and models that can come in the form of computer scripts, parametric CADmodels, template spreadsheets, etc. These methods and models are developed using various computer tools and maintained within the different disciplines involved, such as geometric modeling, simulation, or manufacturing, and are dependent on each other through the product model. To be able to implement, utilize, and manage design automation systems in or across multiple disciplines, it is important to first understand how the disciplinary methods and models are dependent on each other through the product model and then how these relations should be constructed to support the users without negatively affecting other aspects, such as modeling flexibility, minimum documentation, and software tool independence.To support the successful implementation and management of design automation systems the work presented here has focused on understanding how some digital product model constituents are, can, and, to some extent, should be extended to concretize relations between methods and models from different tools and disciplines. It has been carried out by interviewing Swedish industrial companies, performing technical reviews, performing literature reviews, and developing prototypes, which has resulted in an increased understanding and the consequent development of a conceptual framework that highlights aspects relating to the choice of extension techniques.
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| 13. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary design automation – A conceptual framework for working with product model extensions
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agile Systems and Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1741-9174 .- 1741-9182. ; 13:1, s. 28-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design automation can be used to support efficient information handling and knowledge processing in computer-based product modelling, as well as make possible new design exploration and optimisation capabilities. To be able to utilise and manage design automation systems over time, it is important to understand how the disciplinary methods and models are dependent on each other through the product model constituents and then how these relations should be built to support maintenance, leveraging and future reuse. Awareness of the concrete representation of relations could support the system's traceability and transparency, and depending on the chosen technique, comprehension and extendability can be affected. This paper presents a conceptual framework for how a set of product model constituents are, can and to some extent, should be extended to define relations in multidisciplinary design automation systems.
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| 14. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Review of CAD-model Capabilities and Restrictions for Multidisciplinary use
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of CAD'17. - : CAD Solutions. ; , s. 337-341
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product development is an iterative process, partially due to changes in both company internal and external product requirements, resulting in changes to the product under development. These changes might require recapitulation of design rationale and result in re-doing assessments and syntheses of different kinds. One way to support this work is to proactively model in such a way that as much as possible of the previous work can be re-used. Modelling for re-use can be done by documenting design rationale and formalising performed activities as design guidelines or computer scripts. To be able to find and effectively re-use design activities, the added support could be attached to or otherwise linked to the product features they relate to. This paper focuses on the native CAD-models which also has been utilized by others as carriers of information for different purposes. For instance, describes the use of annotations on CAD-models, an example is presented where both FEM and CAM specifics were added to the geometry enabling automatic FEA and blank casting geometry creation. The approach was later used to support both constraint based redesign activities and encapsulation of in-development/in-service information for throughout product lifecycle retrieval.
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| 15. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Review of CAD-model Capabilities and Restrictions for Multidisciplinary use
- 2018
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Ingår i: Computer-Aided Design and Applications. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1686-4360. ; 15:4, s. 509-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product development is an iterative process, partially due to changes in both company internal and external product requirements, resulting in changes to the product under development. These changes might require recapitulation of design rationale and result in re-doing assessments and syntheses of different kinds. One way to support this work is to proactively model in such a way that as much as possible of the previous work can be re-used. Not only within one product development project but also across and to future ones. Modelling for re-use can be done by documenting design rationale and formalising performed activities as design guidelines or computer scripts. To be able to find and re-use this information it could be attached to the product features which it relates to. Since geometry is such a core product characteristic, especially within the mechanical industry, and is often modelled as CAD-models, this paper presents a review of CAD-model capabilities and restrictions to serve as a carrier of multidisciplinary information. This is done by; enquiring three Swedish companies, exploring an automated Finite Element Analysis method utilising the CAD-model as a carrier of information, and reviewing different CAD software capabilities. Results show that there are at least seven extension techniques, out of which all are currently being used or considered to be in the future, by at least one company. Further, depending on the extension technique, extendibility and human-comprehension of the added information differ.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Heikkinen, Tim
(författare)
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Transparency of design automation systems using visual programming – within the mechanical manufacturing industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 3249-3258
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One challenge with design automation is system transparency with adjustable granularity because of the many different forms of representation from multiple disciplines. Previous research has focused on visualization through the generation of graphs, packaging into electronic books, and model highlighting. The research presented in this paper focuses instead on a visual programming approach, commonly applied in the building industry, where design assets and external references are wrapped into visual components and managed on a canvas with information input/output relations displayed. This entails additional documentation efforts, but the visualization is arguably more useful as groups and levels of granularity are adjusted by the engineers themselves as a part of the development work. To explore visual programming and its potential benefits as a way of enabling transparency with adjustable granularity of DA systems within mechanical manufacturing industry, an existing textual design automation system was transformed into a visual one using Grasshopper® (a visual programming environment) and discussed with respect to DA system transparency, feature-based CAD, and DA system development.
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| 18. |
- Horstkotte, Tim, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of norms and knowledge in customary reindeer herding units for resource governance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reindeer husbandry and global environmental change. - London : Routledge. - 9780367632670 - 9780367632687 - 9781003118565 ; , s. 133-149
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pastoralist societies have developed customary institutions to respond to an unpredictable environment and fluctuation in grazing resources for their livestock. This chapter describes how reindeer herders’ customary institutions, including laws, norms and rights embedded in social networks, as well as traditional knowledge, structure these responses. Furthermore, it analyses how reindeer herders’ customary institutions are integrated into state governance of natural resources or recognized in national legislation. Central to the chapter is the Sámi siida and the corresponding Finnish tokkakunta – both represent customary herding groups that seek to balance the relationship between human–reindeer units to the spatial and temporal availability of grazing resources. The need for revitalization and a better understanding of reindeer herders’ customary institutions is identified, as well as an increased recognition of their traditional knowledge in resource management and land use planning to increase the resilience of reindeer husbandry to the cumulative challenges of climate change and resource extraction.
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| 19. |
- Popovic, Djordje, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Configuration of flexible volumetric elements using product platforms : Information modeling method and a case study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Automation in Construction. - : Elsevier. - 0926-5805 .- 1872-7891. ; 126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrialized house building companies producing single-family housing must efficiently respond to customer needs and contingent requirements during product specification. These are the incentives for the adoption of high-level mass customization, addressed in this research, by exploring the information modeling of product platform use. Knowledge contributions are made through a proposed information modeling method and its application in a case study. The proposed method is a synthesis between the design platform and product-oriented information delivery manual. The scope of the information delivery manual is expanded from building systems to product platforms. Moreover, the design process is considered during both product predefinition and product specification. The theoretical construct of design modules is used to describe flexible volumetric elements and thereby apply the proposed information modeling method in a case study. The research demonstrates how design modules can be modeled using design assets throughout the design process of single-family industrialized house building.
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| 20. |
- Stolt, Roland, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Evaluation of Aerospace Components for SLM
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary engineering for complex socio-technical systems. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643680200 - 9781643680217 ; , s. 147-156
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, the additive manufacturing process SLM (selective laser melting) is of high interest in the aerospace industry for the manufacture of jet engine components. This is driven by several factors such as reducing weight and minimizing the variation in the manufacturing process. In the paper, the state of practice in designing SLM parts is examined showing that there is plenty of opportunity to adapt designs to the process. However, this is often too time consuming in the early stages. By examining the state of art in SLM part design, the paper and identifies the variant specific cost drives that are proposed to be used to rank the manufacturability of different design alternatives for turbine frame aerospace components.
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| 21. |
- Stolt, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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How to Challenge Fluctuating Requirements : Results from Three Companies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press. - 9781614997030 - 9781614997023 ; , s. 1061-1070
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results from a research project conducted by the research group Computer Supported Engineering Design (CSED) in Jonkoping University in Sweden. The project has the aim of increasing companies’ ability to respond to fluctuating requirements when developing new products and product variants. The companies participating in the project represents automotive, aerospace and production equipment industries. Three different cases of applications have been developed and implemented in the companies. Product models ranging from product to knowledge centered for use in the company’s product and technology platforms have been demonstrated and evaluated though interviews with professionals at the companies. To summarize, the results shows that the companies’ abilities to respond to fluctuating requirements have increased albeit concerns have been raised on the maintenance of knowledge in the implementations.
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| 22. |
- Stolt, Roland, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Additive Manufacturing in the Design of Aerospace Components
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering Methods for Social Innovation of Industry 4.0. - : IOS Press. - 9781614998976 - 9781614998983 ; , s. 145-154
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the aerospace industry, Additive Manufacturing (AM) is quickly gaining ground. When optimizing the design of an AM component, all life-cycle aspects need to be considered. It is by no means limited to the classic weight / stiffness optimization of the topology alone. The AM component design must comply with an array of requirements on for example assembly, maintenance and inspection. In addition, there are the manufacturability requirements and constraints of the printing procedure itself, including component orientation and support structures. In this paper, a proposal on how to integrate the AM design of components with the design of the complete engine structure is presented. To find how the current design process is conducted, an interview study involving design and manufacturing experts has been made at an aerospace company, forming a base for the proposal. The result is that a primary design procedure for the AM component must be made as a separate step involving a limited set of design considerations prior to making a multidisciplinary evaluation of the proposed engine structure.
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| 23. |
- Tyrrell, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Evidence for Causal Relationships Between Maternal Obesity-Related Traits and Birth Weight.
- 2016
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Ingår i: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 315:11, s. 1129-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neonates born to overweight or obese women are larger and at higher risk of birth complications. Many maternal obesity-related traits are observationally associated with birth weight, but the causal nature of these associations is uncertain.To test for genetic evidence of causal associations of maternal body mass index (BMI) and related traits with birth weight.Mendelian randomization to test whether maternal BMI and obesity-related traits are potentially causally related to offspring birth weight. Data from 30,487 women in 18 studies were analyzed. Participants were of European ancestry from population- or community-based studies in Europe, North America, or Australia and were part of the Early Growth Genetics Consortium. Live, term, singleton offspring born between 1929 and 2013 were included.Genetic scores for BMI, fasting glucose level, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, vitamin D status, and adiponectin level.Offspring birth weight from 18 studies.Among the 30,487 newborns the mean birth weight in the various cohorts ranged from 3325 g to 3679 g. The maternal genetic score for BMI was associated with a 2-g (95% CI, 0 to 3 g) higher offspring birth weight per maternal BMI-raising allele (P=.008). The maternal genetic scores for fasting glucose and SBP were also associated with birth weight with effect sizes of 8 g (95% CI, 6 to 10 g) per glucose-raising allele (P=7×10(-14)) and -4 g (95% CI, -6 to -2 g) per SBP-raising allele (P=1×10(-5)), respectively. A 1-SD (≈4 points) genetically higher maternal BMI was associated with a 55-g higher offspring birth weight (95% CI, 17 to 93 g). A 1-SD (≈7.2 mg/dL) genetically higher maternal fasting glucose concentration was associated with 114-g higher offspring birth weight (95% CI, 80 to 147 g). However, a 1-SD (≈10 mm Hg) genetically higher maternal SBP was associated with a 208-g lower offspring birth weight (95% CI, -394 to -21 g). For BMI and fasting glucose, genetic associations were consistent with the observational associations, but for systolic blood pressure, the genetic and observational associations were in opposite directions.In this mendelian randomization study, genetically elevated maternal BMI and blood glucose levels were potentially causally associated with higher offspring birth weight, whereas genetically elevated maternal SBP was potentially causally related to lower birth weight. If replicated, these findings may have implications for counseling and managing pregnancies to avoid adverse weight-related birth outcomes.
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| 24. |
- Vestin, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Systemintegration med hjälp av PLM-system i småhusindustrin : Problembild och pilot
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I det här projektet har problembilden med informationsflöden kartlagts för två företag inom småhusindustrin, Trivselhus och Eksjöhus. Tillsammans med PLM-utvecklarna YaPlm har en pilot av ett PLM-system utvecklats för att kunna hantera den problembild som kartlagts.Problembilden är att det finns mer eller mindre specialiserade men isolerade system som används i processen. Det ger upphov till många källor av produktinformation och manuell överföring. Problembilden medför konsekvenser som; tidskrävande, resurskrävande, och kvalitetsproblematisk administration. Projektet har tagit fram en generell pilot av ett PLM-system som fungerar mot ett centralt sådant problematiskt system, kallat Revit®. Med funktionerna i piloten kan projektet konstatera att ett PLM-system kan användas och hur det kan användas, givet de förutsättningar som råder för småhusindustrin, för att behandla en del av de utmaningarna som finns med systemintegration. PLM-system har potential att öka effektiviteten av informationsflödena hos företag i småhusindustrin.
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| 25. |
- Walker, Logan C, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for SMAD3 as a modifier of breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Breast cancer research : BCR. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-542X .- 1465-5411. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current attempts to identify genetic modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated risk have focused on a candidate gene approach, based on knowledge of gene functions, or the development of large genome-wide association studies. In this study, we evaluated 24 SNPs tagged to 14 candidate genes derived through a novel approach that analysed gene expression differences to prioritise candidate modifier genes for association studies.
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