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- Bergman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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When the River Began—The Formation of River Motala Ström and Human Presence in the Early Holocene, Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quaternary. - : MDPI AG. - 2571-550X. ; 3:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conjunction with the extensive archaeological projects conducted at the current outlet of Sweden’s second largest lake, Lake Vättern, macrofossil, pollen and diatom records have been studied from 14C-dated lake and river sediments from River Motala Ström in Motala and Lake Boren. These investigations have revealed sedimentary evidence of the Yoldia Sea regression, the Ancient Lake Vättern transgression, and the following stepwise river formation process. Around 9000 cal BC, two small kettlehole basins at Strandvägen and Kanaljorden became isolated from the Baltic basin. As the ice sheet retreated further north, the isostatic uplift isolated the Vättern basin from the Baltic basin. Due to the uneven isostatic uplift, the basin tilted toward the south, and the Ancient Lake Vättern transgression started in Motala. The threshold in Motala at 92.5 m a.s.l. was reached around 7200 cal BC, and River Motala Ström was formed. 14C-dated diatom records from Lake Boren, and shoreline deposits in Motala, confirm this event. The water level in Lake Vättern initially fell around 1.5 m, and around 5800 cal BC, a second erosional event cut down the threshold to modern day level. At this time, the Late Mesolithic settlements in Motala were established and expanded.
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- Heimdahl, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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A New Method for Urban Geoarchaeological Excavation, Example from Norrköping, Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Norwegian Archaeological Review. - : Routledge. - 0029-3652 .- 1502-7678. ; 38:2, s. 102-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban excavations often uncover complex stratigraphy that is difficult to interpret by archaeological experience alone. Versions of Single Context Recording can be useful tools, but this method is known to be demanding when co-employed by consulting geologists in the field. Are these difficulties caused by fundamental differences between the views of archaeologists and geologists, or are they mainly a result of lack of mutual understanding? What would happen to field methods and interpretations if a geologist worked alongside an archaeologist at an urban excavation throughout a whole excavation season? This approach was tested at a geoarchaeological excavation in the town of Norrkping, Sweden. The experiment led to the development of a new field procedure involving continuous pilot sampling and on-site analysis of plant macrofossils. It provided new ways of using natural sediments and redeposited layers in the interpretation of the sites development and clearly confirmed that mutual understanding is the key to interdisciplinary cooperation.
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- Heimdahl, Jens, 1972-
(författare)
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Urbanised Nature in the Past : Site formation and Environmental Developement in Two Swedish Towns, AD 1200-1800
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to explore site formations and reconstruct environmental development in Medieval and Post-Medieval towns, urban occupational strata in Norrköping and Karlstad were studied according to biostratigraphy, sedimentology and pedology. New field procedures including continuous pilot sampling, parallel archaeological and geological stratigraphic interpretation, and on-site analysis of plant macrofossils were developed and applied at archaeological excavations in both towns. Representation of both disciplines in the field during excavations greatly contributed to more complete field interpretations.Stratigraphical analyses indicate that geological processes have been active in both towns, and reveal similarities in site formation. The earliest proto-urban phase is represented by the presence of dark earths, formed by the combination of alluvial processes and cattle tramping. Alluvial processes were common in Karlstad due to the flooding of the river delta, and in Norrköping due to the sloping topography. Both situations were enhanced by human activity, which caused drainage problems. A significant change in composition and origin of house foundation fill was also noted. The oldest foundations contained fine-grained material of local origin in contrast to younger foundations, which contained coarser material, sometimes of regional origin. This is interpreted as a professionalisation of the urban building tradition, which in Norrköping occurred during the 16th century and in Karlstad during the 18th century. Site formations of urban strata are regulated by three major factors: deposition, post-depositional soil formation and erosion/truncation, which all may occur both culturally and naturally.Plant macrofossil analyses in Norrköping and Karlstad resulted in a fossil record with a total amount of 203 and 169 different types of plant species and taxa respectively. The records indicate that site formation processes seem to have been inhibited during wintertime. The results also confirm the idea of the early Scandinavian towns as rural, also during the Post-Medieval time. The finds of cultural plants in Karlstad indicate 18th century cultivation of Fragaria moscata and 17th century import of Pimento officinalis. In Norrköping remains of beer additives confirm that the tradition of combining Humulus lupulus and Myrica gale disappeared after the 15th century, but also indicate a the use of Filipendula ulmaria as a beer addative. Finds of seeds from Nicotiana rustica suggests that tobacco cultivation occurred in Norrköping 1560-1640, which is some decades earlier than known so far in Sweden.
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- Heimdahl, Jens, 1972-
(författare)
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Vad var laukr?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 117:4, s. 248-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The frequent use of the term laukaR (‘leek’/’onion’) in the oldest Nordic runictexts, and the context of laukr in the sagas, implies that this plant was central as a symbol and tool in Iron Age magic. Yet, our perception of the laukr, its function, use and meaning is dim. Moreover, the archaeobotanical record is scarce in leek and onion remains, and the few existing finds do not seem to cast any light on the problem. Obviously, different leeks and onions were cultivated, foraged andused, but we have not yet found traces of their strong connection to, or use in, magic and cult. A way around this problem might be to approach the term laukras a folk plant name, including a broad spectrum of plants with onion-like bulbs and tubers in general. New possibilities open up if bulbs and tubers of tuber oatgrass(Arrhenatherum elatius ssp. bulbosum) and dropwort (Filipendula vulgaris) are considered as some of the lost laukr, especially since those plants has a well-known record of being used in burials. This also creates possibilities for new ways of interpreting the role of those bulbs within the death cult.
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- Lundström, Maria, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analyses of Scandinavian desiccated, charred and waterlogged remains of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 22, s. 11-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., has been cultivated in Fennoscandia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland) since the start of the Neolithic around 4000 years BCE. Genetic studies of extant and 19th century barley landraces from the area have previously shown that distinct genetic groups exist with geographic structure according to latitude, suggesting strong local adaptation of cultivated crops. It is, however, not known what time depth these patterns reflect. Here we evaluate different archaeobotanical specimens of barley, extending several centuries in time, for their potential to answer this question by analysis of aDNA. Forty-six charred grains, nineteen waterlogged specimens and nine desiccated grains were evaluated by PCR and KASP genotyping. The charred samples did not contain any detectable endogenous DNA. Some waterlogged samples permitted amplification of endogenous DNA, however not sufficient for subsequent analysis. Desiccated plant materials provided the highest genotyping success rates of the materials analysed here in agreement with previous studies. Five desiccated grains from a grave from 1679 in southern Sweden were genotyped with 100 SNP markers and data compared to genotypes of 19th century landraces from Fennoscandia. The results showed that the genetic composition of barley grown in southern Sweden changed very little from late 17th to late 19th century and farmers stayed true to locally adapted crops in spite of societal and agricultural development.
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| 19. |
- Papmehl-Dufay, Ludvig, 1976-
(författare)
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I hövdingens kök? : Arkeologisk undersökning i Gamla Skogsby oktober 2019
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the results from an archaeological excavation of an Iron Age house foundation at Gamla Skogsby, Öland, Sweden. The investigated area is rich in prehistoric remains, not least from the mid-Iron Age which is the period of concern here (c. AD 400–550). The house investigated is part of a large farm, just next to an exceptionally large building usually regarded as a cheiftains hall. The finds and observations from the excavation suggest that the house concerned is not a small square building as was previously suggested, but is in fact a long house with finds of ”household” character and some emphasis on preparation of food. An elaborate fireplace construction involving a large limstone slab and two heavy posts possibly supporting a roasting spit was found, together with large amounts of carbonised organic remains possibly consisting of animal fats.
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| 20. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural Relict Plants in the Nordic Region
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sources to the history of gardening : Four interdisciplinary seminars 2010-2013 arranged by the Nordic Network for the Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Gardening - Four interdisciplinary seminars 2010-2013 arranged by the Nordic Network for the Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Gardening. - 9789187117862 ; 2014:25, s. 299-312
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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What’s in a name? : Exploring the definition of ‘Cultural Relict Plant’
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sources to the history of gardening : Four Interdisciplinary Seminars 2010–2013 Arranged By the Nordic Network for the Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Gardening (NTAA) - Four Interdisciplinary Seminars 2010–2013 Arranged By the Nordic Network for the Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Gardening (NTAA). - 9789187117862 ; 2014:25, s. 289-298
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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