| 1. |
- Aalto, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
The Nordic swan
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Foulds, Chris, et al.
(författare)
-
An agenda for future Social Sciences and Humanities research on energy efficiency : 100 priority research questions
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Humanities & Social Sciences Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-9992. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decades of techno-economic energy policymaking and research have meant evidence from the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH)-including critical reflections on what changing a societys relation to energy (efficiency) even means-have been underutilised. In particular, (i) the SSH have too often been sidelined and/or narrowly pigeonholed by policymakers, funders, and other decision-makers when driving research agendas, and (ii) the setting of SSH-focused research agendas has not historically embedded inclusive and deliberative processes. The aim of this paper is to address these gaps through the production of a research agenda outlining future SSH research priorities for energy efficiency. A Horizon Scanning exercise was run, which sought to identify 100 priority SSH questions for energy efficiency research. This exercise included 152 researchers with prior SSH expertise on energy efficiency, who together spanned 62 (sub-)disciplines of SSH, 23 countries, and a full range of career stages. The resultant questions were inductively clustered into seven themes as follows: (1) Citizenship, engagement and knowledge exchange in relation to energy efficiency; (2) Energy efficiency in relation to equity, justice, poverty and vulnerability; (3) Energy efficiency in relation to everyday life and practices of energy consumption and production; (4) Framing, defining and measuring energy efficiency; (5) Governance, policy and political issues around energy efficiency; (6) Roles of economic systems, supply chains and financial mechanisms in improving energy efficiency; and (7) The interactions, unintended consequences and rebound effects of energy efficiency interventions. Given the consistent centrality of energy efficiency in policy programmes, this paper highlights that well-developed SSH approaches are ready to be mobilised to contribute to the development, and/or to understand the implications, of energy efficiency measures and governance solutions. Implicitly, it also emphasises the heterogeneity of SSH policy evidence that can be produced. The agenda will be of use for both (1) those new to the energy-SSH field (including policyworkers), for learnings on the capabilities and capacities of energy-SSH, and (2) established energy-SSH researchers, for insights on the collectively held futures of energy-SSH research.
|
|
| 4. |
- Golub, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
-
Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 18:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%-58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions.
|
|
| 5. |
- Heiskanen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
A Map Is Not a Territory: Making Research More Helpful for Sustainable Consumption Policy
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-7034 .- 1573-0700. ; , s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need to make consumption patterns more sustainable is widely acknowledged, yet effective policies for sustainable consumption are lacking. This article examines Nordic policy makers' views on why sustainable consumption research is difficult to apply in policy practice. We draw on the knowledge brokering literature to outline how the challenges of knowledge utilization in policy are connected to knowledge communication practices and to the types and scales of policy problems. Our empirical material is based on in-depth interviews with Nordic civil servants working with sustainable consumption issues. Our findings identify problems in sustainable consumption policy that are well documented in other fields, such as policy makers' lack of time and the inconclusiveness of research findings. However, we also identify more fundamental problems, which relate to administrative fragmentation and to the status of social science in policy making, as well as to the linear model of knowledge use in policy making in which administrators are forced to serve as knowledge brokers between researchers and policy makers. Our research suggests that better forms of knowledge dissemination are not sufficient to overcome these problems. New forms of knowledge co-production are needed, in which researchers, administrators, politicians, and other stakeholders work together to solve real-life problems and build up a shared knowledge community. We conclude by highlighting the implications for researchers aiming to promote change toward more sustainable consumption patterns. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
|
|
| 6. |
- Heiskanen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Educating sustainability change agents : The importance of practical skills and experience
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 123, s. 218-226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability professionals are agents for change towards sustainable development. Such professionals require knowledge from a variety of disciplines, but also competencies to accomplish real-word change. This article evaluates an innovative course, Strategic Environmental Development, which immerses students in a real-life solution-oriented consultancy project in order to develop critical sustainability change agent skills and confidence in using them. Since 1996, students have worked in 127 projects in 28 countries. The evaluation builds on a post-graduation survey and personal interviews with graduates. Our findings indicate that the course, which is conducted as teamwork and often overseas, helps to prepare students for their challenges at work. It does so by requiring them to work with interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary situations, and to find, translate and combine information outside their own area of expertise, including knowledge from the field. We also argue that working in real-life contexts helps to build up the confidence and leadership that practicing sustainability professionals direly need. A real-life consultancy course helps students become professionals by helping them experience that they are able to access the necessary knowledge for problem-solving quickly and decisively. Moreover, students develop a sense of agency through the experience of being capable to accomplish change. Our findings contribute to a small but growing body of knowledge on the value of using real-world learning experiences in the education of sustainability professionals.
|
|
| 7. |
- Heiskanen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
From shadows to light: The role of latent networks in mainstreaming solar PV practices
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. - 2210-4232. ; 50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Practice theories have generated interest in sustainability transitions research as a means to study shared expectations, conventions and routines that maintain unsustainable consumption within the dominant regime. However, collective action to change practices, which is crucial for innovation, is seldom examined in practice theory research. This article applies practice theories to conceptualize the nature of collective action in shaping energy practices, using insights from a literature review on residential photovoltaic (PV) production by German citizens. We demonstrate the significance of latent networks, which refer to individuals involved in similar parallel practices, in promoting the adoption of solar power in homes. Our results show that both multi-actor and latent networks contributed to mainstreaming residential solar PV practices. Multi-actor networks encompassed households and various service providers, each integrated within larger latent networks.
|
|
| 8. |
- Heiskanen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning about and involving users in energy saving on the local level
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 48, s. 241-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European energy policy aims to shift the energy market towards an increased focus on energy services based on end-user needs. This requires a close understanding of the role of end-users and their needs and practices. Based on a European project called CHANGING BEHAVIOUR, we examine the interaction between energy users and energy efficiency practitioners. Using previous cases and our own pilots as data, we uncover the main difficulties in understanding and working with energy users. We argue that formal user research and interaction methods are helpful, yet insufficient for project success or even genuine user responsiveness. Additionally, methods and skills are needed for interacting with broader networks of stakeholders in the user context. Moreover, user responsiveness requires informal interaction with energy users, interpersonal skills and human judgment, which are difficult to develop merely by using better methods.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hyysalo, Sampsa, et al.
(författare)
-
DIVERSITY and CHANGE of USER DRIVEN INNOVATION MODES in COMPANIES
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - 1363-9196. ; 20:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- User driven innovation (UDI) is a popular term in policy and corporate circles. However, it is not clear exactly what UDI means and how such practices are used across the spectrum of companies and over the innovation life cycle. The present study compares 58 UDI showcases in Finnish companies in order to analyse the diversity of UDI practices and their evolution over time. We identify five main modes of UDI and show how the ways of using UDI develop over time in individual companies. In almost half of the examined cases, the dominant mode of UDI changes at least once, and in some cases, up to three changes in dominant mode are observed. We then proceed to identify six qualitatively different ways in which companies' orientation to UDI evolves over time. The study has implications for innovation management and policy: It calls for greater attention to UDI diversity and particularly to the management and support of the continuity of UDI efforts.
|
|
| 10. |
- Häuser, Winfried, et al.
(författare)
-
Is Europe also facing an opioid crisis? : A survey of European Pain Federation chapters
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 25:8, s. 1760-1769
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There is considerable public interest in whether Europe is facing an opioid crisis comparable to the one in the United States and the contribution of opioid prescriptions for pain to a potential opioid crisis. Methods A task force of the European Pain Federation (EFIC) conducted a survey with its national chapter representatives on trends of opioid prescriptions and of drug-related emergency departments and substance use disorder treatment admissions and of deaths as proxies of opioid-related harms over the last 20 years. Results Data from 25 European countries were received. In most European countries opioid prescriptions increased from 2004 to 2016. The levels of opioid consumption and their increase differed between countries. Some Eastern European countries still have a low opioid consumption. Opioids are mainly prescribed for acute pain and chronic noncancer pain in some Western and Northern European countries. There was a parallel increase in opioid prescriptions and some proxies of opioid-related harms in France, Finland and the Netherlands, but not in Germany, Spain and Norway. In United Kingdom, opioid overdose deaths, but not opioid prescriptions increased between 2016 and 2018. There are no robust data available on whether prescribed opioids for pain patients contributed to opioid-related harms. Conclusions There are marked differences between European countries in trends of opioid prescribing and of proxies for opioid-related harms. Europe as a whole is not facing an opioid crisis. Discussions on the potential harms of opioids should not obstruct their prescription for cancer pain and palliative care. Significance Europe as a whole is not facing an opioid crisis. Some Eastern European countries have limited access to opioid medicines. Discussions on the potential harms of opioid medicines for noncancer pain should not obstruct opioid therapy for cancer therapy and palliative care.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Matschoss, Kaisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy renovations of EU multifamily buildings: do current policies target the real problems?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Rethink, renew, restart. Proceedings of the eceee 2013 Summer Study. - 9789198048223
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) require ambitious policies for existing buildings. One important aspect of policy design is to understand the decision making of building owners and investors. Governments can support such decisions with grants, but public funds can only cover part of the investments. Hence, schemes need to be well-designed to stimulate the market and support sustainable market transformation. However, funding is not the only issue and there are other structural barriers. This is particularly the case for owner-occupied multifamily housing, where the governance and dynamics of collective decisions are major barriers to energy renovations. Our paper focuses on decision making on energy investments in owner-occupied multifamily housing (condominiums) in Europe. Condominium-type ownership is the dominant form of ownership of apartment buildings in most New Member States. It is also dominant in Southern Europe and widespread in other countries (Austria, Finland). We build on work done in the IEE project ENTRANZE (www.entranze.eu), which develops policy recommendations for increasing the number of near-zero energy renovations. Our data include a comprehensive review of the structures of decision making in nine European countries, expert interviews, and detailed analysis of the drivers and barriers of energy investments. We highlight similarities among countries, along with significant differences. These differences are further explored via 3 country studies on the legal, institutional, financial and social aspects of energy investments in condominiums. Finally, we assess the overall relevance of these barriers in selected EU Member States by combining the investigation of barriers with quantitative data on the structure of the building stock, the share of condominiums and related governance structures in different countries.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Mont, Oksana, et al.
(författare)
-
Nudging : Ett verktyg för hållbara beteenden?
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det blir alltmer märkbart att politiska åtgärder som utformas i syfte att lösa problemen med klimatförändringar, knappa resurser och negativ miljöpåverkan behöver kompletteras med åtgärder för att förändra individers beteenden. Ett relativt nytt sätt att påverka beteenden i hållbar riktning utan att påverka människors värderingar är nudging. Nudging kan till exempel användas för att få människor att fatta beslut som är bättre för miljön eller för deras hälsa. Politiker och beslutsfattare har börjat inse möjligheterna med nudging och strategier för beteendeförändring inom olika områden som till exempel trafiksäkerhet, kost och motion, pensionsplaner och privatekonomi, nedskräpning och återvinning. Men att påverka beteenden ställer också kritiska frågor om regeringens roll i samhället i omställningen till ett hållbart samhälle. Nudge betyder ”putta” och nudging handlar om att försiktigt leda människor i en önskvärd riktning, utan att använda varken morot eller piska. Istället arrangerar man en valsituation så att det önskvärda beslutet blir det som är lättast att fatta. Kunskap om nudging öppnar således möjligheter för att föreslå en ny typ av åtgärder och styrmedel som kan bidra till en mer hållbar konsumtion.I flera länder finns offentliga eller privata kunskapscenter som anlitas vid utformningen av nudgingstrategier och policyutveckling. I rapporten görs en internationell utblick där erfarenheter hämtas från USA, Storbritannien, Norge och Danmark. I USA infördes nudging av ”Office of Regulatory Affairs” (OIRA) i Vita huset, som använde beteendeekonomi i arbetet med att förbättra granskning av existerande regelverk och etablera uppföljningssystem för nya styrmedel. I Storbritannien inrättades år 2010 Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) under det brittiska regeringskansliet. I februari 2014 knoppades BIT av från regeringen och ombildades till ett företag. BIT arbetar fortfarande främst för regeringskansliet. I Danmark finns den ideella organisationen ”iNudgeYou”, som arbetat med uppdrag bland annat åt det danska miljöministeriet och den danska energimyndigheten. Även i Norge finns en oberoende organisation, GreeNudge, som bland annat tagit fram en rapport om möjligheterna med nudging i Norges klimatpolitik.Den stora frågan är om det är möjligt att hjälpa individer att fatta bättre beslut för egen del och för samhället i stort genom att övervinna begränsningarna i människans kognitiva förmåga och benägenhet att ändra sitt beteende? På vilket sätt kan beteendevetenskap hjälpa människor att överbrygga klyftan mellan goda avsikter och goda gärningar? Kan lärdomar från exempel på nudging användas för att forma beteenden i en mer hållbar riktning?Den här rapporten besvarar dessa frågor genom att: • analysera befintlig akademisk kunskap om nudge och valarkitektur • utreda lärdomar om effektiviteten av tillämpade nudgingverktyg i konsumtionsdomäner såsom energianvändning i hemmet, mat och personlig transport• presentera belägg för framgångsfaktorer för olika nudgingverktyg• beskriva konsekvenserna av dessa rön för politiska strategier inom hållbar konsumtionRapporten visar att tillämpningar av beteendevetenskap och beteendeekonomi, liksom nudging, på senare tid har hjälpt beslutsfattare i olika länder och sektorer i arbetet att integrera beteendeinsikter i styrmedelspaketens utformning och genomförande på ett mer systematiskt sätt. Här är några exempel:• Använda standardalternativ som är bra för miljön – t ex att ange standardalternativ i situationer med komplex information (t.ex. pensionsfonder eller finansiella tjänster)• Förenkla och rama in information – energimärkning, displayer • Förändra den fysiska miljön, t ex ändra layouter och funktioner i olika miljöer, visa med steg och skyltar, ge påminnelser och varningar av olika slag till individer• Uppmärksamma sociala normer – så här gör andra Slutsatsen är att det är svårt att mäta effekterna och de faktiska resultaten av nudgebaserade politiska insatser i specifika sammanhang. Resultat från ett experiment kan inte godtyckligt generaliseras till ett annat sammanhang eller till en bredare population. Det beror på komplexiteten av mänskligt beteende och mångfald av faktorer som påverkar den.Trots detta är nudging en användbar strategi för att främja förändringar i beteenden i specifika sammanhang. Nudging är dock ingen patentlösning utan dess potential ligger snarare i att kunna bidra till utformningen och implementeringen av andra politiska verktyg och kan på så sätt förbättra effekten av dessa. Nudging är ett kostnadseffektivt instrument som kan förstärka andra politiska verktyg och som riktar sig mot beteenden som inte omfattas av andra styrmedel, dvs.. individers automatiska, intuitiva och rutinmässiga handlingar.Nudging främjar ett mer empiriskt förhållningssätt till styrmedelspaketens utformning och utvärdering, med hjälp av exempelvis experiment, pilotstudier och slumpmässiga kontrollförsök, än de verktyg som vanligen tillämpas i policyutformningen och förhandsbedömningar.1 Det är viktigt att nudging ses som ett komplement till de traditionella politiska instrumenten och inte som en ersättning för lagar, förordningar eller ekonomiska styrmedel. Nudging i allmänhet och grön nudging i synnerhet utgör intressanta verktyg vilka kan användas tillsammans med andra instrument för beteendeförändring. Dock behövs mer forskning om deras effektivitet, teoretiska underbyggnad samt om de praktiska tillämpningarna speciellt inom konsumtionsdomänen.Rapporten är skriven för beslutsfattare, tjänstemän och företrädare för allmänheten, samt för alla som intresserar sig för beteendeförändringsmetoder och för vilken roll staten har i genomförandet av denna förändring.
|
|
| 17. |
- Mont, Oksana, et al.
(författare)
-
Nudging : A tool for sustainable behaviour?
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Success of strategies for solving problems of climate change, scarce resources and negative environmental impacts increasingly depends on whether changes in individual behaviour can and will supplement the technical solutions available to date.A relatively new way to influence behavior in a sustainable direction without changing values of people is nudging. Nudging can be used to help people make choices that are better for the environment or their health. The importance of the behaviour change strategies is being recognised in politics and among policy makers in diverse areas – from road safety to diet and physical activity; from pension plans to private economy and from littering to recycling. A renewed perspective on existing policy tools and potential strategies for behaviour change are entering public debate that have implications for behaviour of individuals, but that also raise critical questions about the role of the government in the society and transition to sustainability. Nudge means carefully guiding people behavior in desirable direction without using either carrot or whip. Instead when nudging one arranges the choice situation in a way that makes desirable outcome the easiest or the most attractive option. Knowledge about nudging opens up possibility to suggest new types of policy tools and measure that can contribute to sustainable consumption.In many countries, public or private knowledge centers are engaged in shaping nudging strategies and policy development. The report provides an international outlook with experiences from the USA, the UK, EU, Norway and Denmark. In the USA, nudging was institutionalised at the Office of Regulatory Affairs which develops and oversees the implementation of government-wide policies and reviews draft regulations in several areas. In the UK, nudge was firmly institutionalised when the Behavioural Insights Team (UK BIT) was established at the UK Cabinet Office in 2010. In February 2014, the team was ‘spun out’ of government and set up as a social purpose company but is still working primarily for the Cabinet Office. Instead of establishing a governmental unit, Denmark has an active non-profit organisation iNudgeYou outside the government that supports the use of nudges in policy making. Similarly to Denmark, Norway has an independent organisation promoting and supporting the use of nudges, GreeNudge, which has produced a report on the potential for nudging in Norway’s climate policy.The guiding question is whether it is possible to help individuals make better decisions for themselves and society at large by overcoming limitations of human cognitive capacity and behavioural biases? In what way can behavioural sciences help people bridge the gap between good intentions and good deeds? Can learnings from nudge examples be used to shape behaviour in a more sustainable direction? In order to answer these questions, the report:• analyses existing academic knowledge on nudging and choice architecture• investigates lessons about effectiveness and efficiency of applied nudging tools and approaches in consumption domains of energy use in the home, food and mobility• presents evidence of factors of success of different nudge-based approaches• outlines the implications of these findings for policy strategies on sustainable consumptionThe report shows that lately applications of behavioural sciences and behavioural economics, such as nudge, have been helping policy makers in different countries and sectors to more systematically integrate behavioural insights into policy design and implementation. Some examples of these tools are:• Use default options in situations with complex information, e.g. pension funds or financial services• Simplify and frame complex information making key information more salient – energy labelling, displays• Make changes in the physical environment making preferable options more convenient for people – e.g. change layouts and functions, showing with steps and signs, give remainders and warnings of different kinds to individuals• Use of social norms – provide information about what others are doingHowever, the size of the effects of policy interventions and the actual outcomes of interventions in specific contexts remain hard to measure. Results from one experiment cannot be indiscriminately generalised to a different context or to a wider population. The problem is the complexity of human behaviour and the diversity of factors that influence it.Despite that, nudging is a useful strategy for inducing changes in contextspecific behaviour. Rather than being seen as a silver bullet, the largest promise of nudge is perhaps in helping design other initiatives better and in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of policy tools and the speed of their implementation. Nudge is a cost effective instrument that can enhance other policy tools and that targets behaviours not addressed by other policy instruments because the behaviours are based on automatic, intuitive and non-deliberative thinking.Nudging promotes a more empirical approach to policy design and evaluation, e.g. through experiments, pilots and random control trials, than the tools usually applied in policy making and ex-ante evaluation. Nudge tools are seen as a complement to the traditional policy instruments rather than as a substitute for laws and regulations and economic tools. Nudging in general and green nudges in particular are interesting tools that can be used alongside other instruments for behaviour change, but more research is needed on their effectiveness and efficiency, as well as on their theoretical underpinnings and practical applications in consumption-relevant domains.The report is written for policy makers, civil servants and representatives of the public, interested in behaviour change methods and the role of the government in shaping and facilitating the change.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Neij, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Municipal climate mitigation policy and policy learning - A review
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 317
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities are expected to contribute to climate mitigation by providing effective climate policy actions in a multilevel governance context. Yet, it is unclear what we actually know about the strengths and weaknesses of urban climate policy measures and how municipal policy learning could be enhanced. In this article we present a comprehensive review on cities’ experience in climate mitigation policy and policy learning, focusing on research published in journal articles. We provide observations from the literature on municipal experience in policy practice and on how local governments manage learning in urban mitigation policy. The review provides valuable examples and reflections on individual policy initiatives, both in terms of policy framing and policy instruments, but finds sporadic evidence on systematically successful policy learning and capacity building processes in the scientific literature. The number of scientific articles on empirical assessments of local policy learning are few, and the research found, published in numerous journals, potentially addressing different research communities, provides limited knowledge on policy learning in terms of lessons learned, lessons drawing and capacity building. Moreover, the literature builds mostly on case studies within particular institutional contexts, which makes the transferability of findings problematic. While evidence on policy learning is still limited, there are indications that under the right conditions, cities can “learn to learn”.
|
|
| 20. |
- Neij, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
The deployment of new energy technologies and the need for local learning
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 101, s. 274-283
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to identify local aspects of technological learning in the deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV), a globally important form of distributed energy technology. We review literature in the economics of innovation and economic geography to identify the need for local learning when adopting new technologies and seek evidence on the local aspects of learning processes in the deployment of new (energy) technologies. The analysis focuses on the empirical evidence of learning processes in PV deployment. Our findings show that learning for PV deployment exhibits characteristics of local learning identified in the innovation literature (tacit knowledge, shared narratives, user relations and learning in interorganizational networks). In addition, we show that competencies in the deployment of PV rely on learning processes that are closely connected to the historically and geographically distinctive characteristics of the built environment. We also find evidence of the significance of proximity in (local) learning, as well as examples of knowledge being codified over time into national and global knowledge flows. We conclude with policy implications that acknowledge the importance of local learning for deployment.
|
|
| 21. |
- Plepys, Andrius, et al.
(författare)
-
European policy approaches to promote servicizing
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 97, s. 117-123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Servicizing is a business model that holds the potential to support a shift towards more sustainable production and consumption by selling to the consumer the product's function, rather than the material product itself. This can offer direct environmental benefits by reducing the material and energy intensity of market transactions. Servicizing based business offers are starting emerging on the market, but public policy support could accelerate this process. This article is a review of the state of the art in the field and of relevant policy initiatives addressing servicizing conducted for that project. It aims to explore where and how public policy supports or steers markets toward servicizing solutions. The article examines the development of the servicizing concept and identifies where and when policy support for servicizing is merited. It also reviews several existing policy instruments to support servicizing on European, national and local (municipal) levels. Policy initiatives include R&D support, energy efficiency obligation schemes, chemicals, waste and transportation policies. The conclusions focus on the possibilities and limits of public policy support and promotion of servicizing.
|
|
