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1.	Klionsky, Daniel J, et al. (författare) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). 2016 Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 12:1, s. 1-222 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
2.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV 2013 Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
3.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV 2012 Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
4.	Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare) Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density 2020 Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
5.	Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al. (författare) No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer 2016 Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
6.	Lozano, Rafael, et al. (författare) Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 2018 Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
7.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC 2012 Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
8.	Bellenguez, Celine, et al. (författare) Genome-wide association study identifies a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel ischemic stroke 2012 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:3, s. 141-328 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Genetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 x 10(-11); odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes.
9.	Gonçalves, Isabel, et al. (författare) Association between renin and atherosclerotic burden in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes 2016 Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261. ; 16:1, s. 1-10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) has been proposed to contribute to development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present study was to determine if plasma renin levels are associated with the severity of vascular changes in subjects with and without T2D. Methods: Renin was analyzed by the Proximity Extension Assay in subjects with (n = 985) and without (n = 515) T2D participating in the SUMMIT (SUrrogate markers for Micro- and Macro-vascular hard endpoints for Innovative diabetes Tools) study and in 205 carotid endarterectomy patients. Vascular changes were assessed by determining ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), carotid plaque area, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the reactivity hyperemia index (RHI). Results: Plasma renin was elevated in subjects with T2D and demonstrated risk factor-independent association with prevalent cardiovascular disease both in subjects with and without T2D. Renin levels increased with age, body mass index, HbA1c and correlated inversely with HDL. Subjects with T2D had more severe carotid disease, increased arterial stiffness, and impaired endothelial function. Risk factor-independent associations between renin and APBI, bulb IMT, carotid plaque area were observed in both T2D and non-T2D subjects. These associations were independent of treatment with RAAS inhibitors. Only weak associations existed between plasma renin and the expression of pro-inflammatory and fibrous components in plaques from 205 endarterectomy patients. Conclusions: Our findings provide clinical evidence for associations between systemic RAAS activation and atherosclerotic burden and suggest that this association is of particular importance in T2D.
10.	Goncalves, Isabel, et al. (författare) Elevated Plasma Levels of MMP-12 Are Associated With Atherosclerotic Burden and Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. 2015 Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 35:7, s. 1723-1731 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix proteins and play important roles in development and tissue repair. They have also been shown to have both protective and pathogenic effects in atherosclerosis, and experimental studies have suggested that MMP-12 contributes to plaque growth and destabilization. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between circulating MMPs, atherosclerosis burden, and incidence of cardiovascular disease with a particular focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus.
11.	Graham, Emily B., et al. (författare) Microbes as Engines of Ecosystem Function : When Does Community Structure Enhance Predictions of Ecosystem Processes? 2016 Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Microorganisms are vital in mediating the earth's biogeochemical cycles; yet, despite our rapidly increasing ability to explore complex environmental microbial communities, the relationship between microbial community structure and ecosystem processes remains poorly understood. Here, we address a fundamental and unanswered question in microbial ecology: 'When do we need to understand microbial community structure to accurately predict function?' We present a statistical analysis investigating the value of environmental data and microbial community structure independently and in combination for explaining rates of carbon and nitrogen cycling processes within 82 global datasets. Environmental variables were the strongest predictors of process rates but left 44% of variation unexplained on average, suggesting the potential for microbial data to increase model accuracy. Although only 29% of our datasets were significantly improved by adding information on microbial community structure, we observed improvement in models of processes mediated by narrow phylogenetic guilds via functional gene data, and conversely, improvement in models of facultative microbial processes via community diversity metrics. Our results also suggest that microbial diversity can strengthen predictions of respiration rates beyond microbial biomass parameters, as 53% of models were improved by incorporating both sets of predictors compared to 35% by microbial biomass alone. Our analysis represents the first comprehensive analysis of research examining links between microbial community structure and ecosystem function. Taken together, our results indicate that a greater understanding of microbial communities informed by ecological principles may enhance our ability to predict ecosystem process rates relative to assessments based on environmental variables and microbial physiology.
12.	Sartelli, Massimo, et al. (författare) Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action 2023 Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
13.	Schmittner, Andreas, et al. (författare) Calibration of the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of benthic foraminifera 2017 Ingår i: Paleoceanography. - 0883-8305. ; 32:6, s. 512-530 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of seawater provides valuable insight on ocean circulation, air-sea exchange, the biological pump, and the global carbon cycle and is reflected by the δ13C of foraminifera tests. Here more than 1700 δ13C observations of the benthic foraminifera genus Cibicides from late Holocene sediments (δ13CCibnat) are compiled and compared with newly updated estimates of the natural (preindustrial) water column δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDICnat) as part of the international Ocean Circulation and Carbon Cycling (OC3) project. Using selection criteria based on the spatial distance between samples, we find high correlation between δ13CCibnat and δ13CDICnat, confirming earlier work. Regression analyses indicate significant carbonate ion (-2.6 ± 0.4) × 10-3‰/(μmol kg-1) [CO3 2-] and pressure (-4.9 ± 1.7) × 10-3‰ m-1 (depth) effects, which we use to propose a new global calibration for predicting δ13CDICnat from δ13CCibnat. This calibration is shown to remove some systematic regional biases and decrease errors compared with the one-to-one relationship (δ13CDICnat = δ13CCibnat). However, these effects and the error reductions are relatively small, which suggests that most conclusions from previous studies using a one-to-one relationship remain robust. The remaining standard error of the regression is generally σ ≅ 0.25‰, with larger values found in the southeast Atlantic and Antarctic (σ ≅ 0.4‰) and for species other than Cibicides wuellerstorfi. Discussion of species effects and possible sources of the remaining errors may aid future attempts to improve the use of the benthic δ13C record.
14.	White, Helen E., et al. (författare) Standardization of molecular monitoring of CML : results and recommendations from the European treatment and outcome study 2022 Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Nature. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 36:7, s. 1834-1842 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Standardized monitoring of BCR::ABL1 mRNA levels is essential for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. From 2016 to 2021 the European Treatment and Outcome Study for CML (EUTOS) explored the use of secondary, lyophilized cell-based BCR::ABL1 reference panels traceable to the World Health Organization primary reference material to standardize and validate local laboratory tests. Panels were used to assign and validate conversion factors (CFs) to the International Scale and assess the ability of laboratories to assess deep molecular response (DMR). The study also explored aspects of internal quality control. The percentage of EUTOS reference laboratories (n = 50) with CFs validated as optimal or satisfactory increased from 67.5% to 97.6% and 36.4% to 91.7% for ABL1 and GUSB, respectively, during the study period and 98% of laboratories were able to detect MR4.5 in most samples. Laboratories with unvalidated CFs had a higher coefficient of variation for BCR::ABL1(IS) and some laboratories had a limit of blank greater than zero which could affect the accurate reporting of DMR. Our study indicates that secondary reference panels can be used effectively to obtain and validate CFs in a manner equivalent to sample exchange and can also be used to monitor additional aspects of quality assurance.
15.	Abels, Mia, et al. (författare) Overexpressed beta cell CART increases insulin secretion in mouse models of insulin resistance and diabetes 2022 Ingår i: Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-9781. ; 151 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Impaired beta cell function and beta cell death are key features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is necessary for normal islet function in mice. CART increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in vitro in human islets and CART protects beta cells against glucotoxicity-induced cell death in vitro in rats. Furthermore, beta cell CART is upregulated in T2D patients and in diabetic rodent models as a consequence of hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of upregulated beta cell CART on islet hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis in a transgenic mouse model. To this end, mice with beta cell-specific overexpression of CART (CARTtg mice) were generated. CARTtg mice challenged by aging, high fat diet feeding or streptozotocin treatment were phenotyped with respect to in vivo and in vitro insulin and glucagon secretion, glucose homeostasis, and beta cell mass. In addition, the impact of adenoviral overexpression of CART on insulin secretion was studied in INS-1 832/13 cells. CARTtg mice had a normal metabolic phenotype under basal conditions. On the other hand, with age CARTtg mice displayed increased insulin secretion and improved glucose elimination, compared with age-matched WT mice. Furthermore, compared with WT controls, CARTtg mice had increased insulin secretion after feeding a high fat diet, as well as lower glucose levels and higher insulin secretion after streptozotocin treatment. Viral overexpression of CART in INS-1 832/13 cells resulted in increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, these results imply that beta cell CART acts to increase insulin secretion when beta cell function is challenged. We propose that the increase in beta cell CART is part of a compensatory mechanisms trying to counteract the hyperglycaemia in T2D.
16.	Adamaki, Angeliki, et al. (författare) ENVRI-FAIR Project brief on implementation of Open Science and EOSC targets 2021 Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In the ENVRI-FAIR project brief on implementation of Open Science and EOSC targets the current achievements and planned activities in ENVRI-FAIR are summarised with regard to a) Integration with the EOSC infrastructure b) FAIR principles implementation and repositories c) Technical, semantic, legal and organisational interoperability d) Stewardship of data and e) Cross-cluster collaboration activities and achievements.
17.	Alsterholm, Mikael, 1977, et al. (författare) Establishment and utility of SwedAD : a nationwide Swedish registry for patients with atopic dermatitis receiving systemic pharmacotherapy 2023 Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 103 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract SwedAD, a Swedish nationwide registry for patients with atopic dermatitis receiving systemic pharmacotherapy, was launched on 1 September 2019. We describe here the establishment of a user-friendly registry to the benefit of patients with atopic dermatitis. By 5 November 2022, 38 clinics had recorded 931 treatment episodes in 850 patients with an approximate national coverage rate of 40%. Characteristics at enrolment included median Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) 10.2 (interquartile range 4.0, 19.4), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) 18.0 (10.0, 24.0), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) 11.0 (5.0, 19.0) and Peak Itch Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11) 6.0 (3.0, 8.0). At 3 months, median EASI was 3.2 (1.0, 7.3) and POEM, DLQI, and NRS-11 were improved. Regional coverage varied, reflecting the distribution of dermatologists, the ratio of public to private healthcare, and difficulties in recruiting certain clinics. This study highlights the importance of a nationwide registry when managing systemic pharmacotherapy of atopic dermatitis.
18.	Auffray, Charles, et al. (författare) Correction: Making sense of big data in health research: towards an EU action plan (vol 8, pg 71, 2016) 2016 Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1756-994X. ; 8 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract n/a
19.	Auffray, Charles, et al. (författare) Making sense of big data in health research: Towards an EU action plan 2016 Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1756-994X. ; 8:71 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Medicine and healthcare are undergoing profound changes. Whole-genome sequencing and high-resolution imaging technologies are key drivers of this rapid and crucial transformation. Technological innovation combined with automation and miniaturization has triggered an explosion in data production that will soon reach exabyte proportions. How are we going to deal with this exponential increase in data production? The potential of "big data" for improving health is enormous but, at the same time, we face a wide range of challenges to overcome urgently. Europe is very proud of its cultural diversity; however, exploitation of the data made available through advances in genomic medicine, imaging, and a wide range of mobile health applications or connected devices is hampered by numerous historical, technical, legal, and political barriers. European health systems and databases are diverse and fragmented. There is a lack of harmonization of data formats, processing, analysis, and data transfer, which leads to incompatibilities and lost opportunities. Legal frameworks for data sharing are evolving. Clinicians, researchers, and citizens need improved methods, tools, and training to generate, analyze, and query data effectively. Addressing these barriers will contribute to creating the European Single Market for health, which will improve health arid healthcare for all Europearis.
20.	Augustsson, Anna, et al. (författare) Challenges in assessing the health risks of consuming vegetables in metal-contaminated environments 2018 Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 113, s. 269-280 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A great deal of research has been devoted to the characterization of metal exposure due to the consumption of vegetables from urban or industrialized areas. It may seem comforting that concentrations in crops, as well as estimated exposure levels, are often found to be below permissible limits. However, we show that even a moderate increase in metal accumulation in crops may result in a significant increase in exposure. We also highlight the importance of assessing exposure levels in relation to a regional baseline. We have analyzed metal (Pb, Cd, As) concentrations in nearly 700 samples from 23 different vegetables, fruits, berries and mushrooms, collected near 21 highly contaminated industrial sites and from reference sites. Metal concentrations generally complied with permissible levels in commercial food and only Pb showed overall higher concentrations around the contaminated sites. Nevertheless, probabilistic exposure assessments revealed that the exposure to all three metals was significantly higher in the population residing around the contaminated sites, for both low-, medianand high consumers. The exposure was about twice as high for Pb and Cd, and four to six times as high for As. Since vegetable consumption alone did not result in exposure above tolerable intakes, it would have been easy to conclude that there is no risk associated with consuming vegetables grown near the contaminated sites. However, when the increase in exposure is quantified, its potential significance is harder to dismiss - especially when considering that exposure via other routes may be elevated in a similar way.
21.	Avelin, Helen, 1975- (författare) Computations of Automorphic Functions on Fuchsian Groups 2007 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This thesis consists of four papers which all deal with computations of automorphic functions on cofinite Fuchsian groups. In the first paper we develop an algorithm for numerical computation of the Eisenstein series. We focus in particular on the computation of the poles of the Eisenstein series. Using our numerical methods we study the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator as the surface is being deformed. Numerical evidence of the destruction of Γ0(5)-cusp forms is presented. In the second paper we use the algorithm described in the first paper. We present numerical investigations of the value distribution and distribution of Fourier coefficients of the Eisenstein series E(z;s) on arithmetic and non-arithmetic Fuchsian groups. Our numerics indicate a Gaussian limit value distribution for a real-valued rotation of E(z;s) as Re s=1/2, Im s → ∞ and also, on non-arithmetic groups, a complex Gaussian limit distribution for E(z;s) when Re s > 1/2 near 1/2 and Im s → ∞, at least if we allow Re s → 1/2 at some rate. Furthermore, on non-arithmetic groups and for fixed s with Re s ≥ 1/2 near 1/2, our numerics indicate a Gaussian limit distribution for the appropriately normalized Fourier coefficients.In the third paper we develop algorithms for computations of Green's function and its Fourier coefficients, Fn(z;s), on Fuchsian groups with one cusp. Also an analog of a Rankin-Selberg bound for Fn(z;s) is presented.In the fourth paper we use the algorithms described in the third paper. We present some examples of numerical investigations of the value distribution of the Green's function and of its Fourier coefficients on PSL(2,Z). We also discuss the appearance of pseudo cusp forms in a numerical experiment by Hejhal.
22.	Baker, Jillian M., et al. (författare) Postnatal intervention for the treatment of FNAIT : a systematic review 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Perinatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0743-8346 .- 1476-5543. ; 39:10, s. 1329-1339 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is associated with life-threatening bleeding. This systematic review of postnatal management of FNAIT examined transfusion of human platelet antigen (HPA) selected or unselected platelets, and/or IVIg on platelet increments, hemorrhage and mortality. Study design: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane searches were conducted until 11 May 2018. Result: Of 754 neonates, 382 received platelet transfusions (51%). HPA-selected platelets resulted in higher platelet increments and longer response times than HPA-unselected platelets. However, unselected platelets generally led to sufficient platelet increments to 30 × 10 9 /L, a level above which intracranial hemorrhage or other life-threatening bleeding rarely occurred. Platelet increments were not improved with the addition of IVIg to platelet transfusion. Conclusion: Overall, HPA-selected platelet transfusions were more effective than HPA-unselected platelets but unselected platelets were often effective enough to achieve clinical goals. Available studies do not clearly demonstrate a benefit for addition of IVIg to platelet transfusion.
23.	Baliakas, Panagiotis, 1977-, et al. (författare) Tailored approaches grounded on immunogenetic features for refined prognostication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia 2019 Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 104:2, s. 360-369 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with differential somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable genes, namely mutated or unmutated, display fundamental clinico-biological differences. Considering this, we assessed prognosis separately within mutated (M-CLL) and unmutated (U-CLL) CLL in 3015 patients, hypothesizing that the relative significance of relevant indicators may differ between these two categories. Within Binet A M-CLL patients, besides TP53 abnormalities, trisomy 12 and stereotyped subset #2 membership were equivalently associated with the shortest time-to-first-treatment and a treatment probability at five and ten years after diagnosis of 40% and 55%, respectively; the remaining cases exhibited 5-year and 10-year treatment probability of 12% and 25%, respectively. Within Binet A U-CLL patients, besides TP53 abnormalities, del(11q) and/or SF3B1 mutations were associated with the shortest time-to-first-treatment (5- and 10-year treatment probability: 78% and 98%, respectively); in the remaining cases, males had a significantly worse prognosis than females. In conclusion, the relative weight of indicators that can accurately risk stratify early-stage CLL patients differs depending on the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable genes of each patient. This finding highlights the fact that compartmentalized approaches based on immunogenetic features are necessary to refine and tailor prognostication in CLL.
24.	Ballantyne, Kaye N., et al. (författare) Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats 2014 Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 35:8, s. 1021-1032 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, greater than99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.
25.	Bark, Glenn, et al. (författare) Politikerna struntar i klimatforskningen : 420 forskare: Regeringens politik är katastrofal – nu måste fler svenskar kräva en omställning 2023 Ingår i: Aftonbladet Debatt. - 1103-9000. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract DEBATE. We researchers have long demanded that the government take climate research seriously and speed up the transition to a sustainable society.Instead, the government is pursuing a policy that deliberately increases emissions. Now more citizens need to raise their voices and show that we demand a knowledge-based climate transition, and it is urgent.
26.	Baykara-Krumme, Helen, et al. (författare) Viele Welten des Alterns? : Ältere Migrantinnen und Migranten in der Alter(n)s- und Migrationsforschung. Eine Einführung 2012 Ingår i: Viele Welten des Alterns?. - Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. - 9783531183183 - 9783531190112 ; , s. 11-42 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Bedeutung und Bedingungen des Alterns haben sich in den westlichen Industrieländern in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark gewandelt. Altern als Veränderung über den Lebensverlauf und Altern als Lebensphase sind vielfältiger geworden. Zu dieser wachsenden Heterogenität trägt auch die Zunahme von Älteren mit Migrationshintergrund bei. Während in Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit die Aufmerksamkeit für die Vielfalt der Wege in die Lebensphase Alter und die Verschiedenartigkeit der Lebenssituationen älterer Menschen in den vergangenen Jahren merklich zugenommen hat, rücken ältere Migrantinnen und Migranten bisher noch selten ins Zentrum des Interesses. Sie werden zwar aufgrund steigender Zahlen und Bevölkerungsanteile zunehmend wahrgenommen. Das Forschungsfeld ‚Ältere Migranten‘ im Schnittpunkt von Alter(n)s- und Migrationsforschung kann jedoch noch nicht als etabliert gelten – weder in Deutschland, noch in anderen europäischen Ländern, die eine ähnliche demografische Entwicklung erleben.
27.	Baykara-Krumme, Helen, et al. (författare) Viele Welten des Alterns? Ältere Migranten im alternden Deutschland 2012. - 1 Bok (refereegranskat)abstract In der Alternsforschung wurden Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund bisher weitgehend ausgeblendet und in der Migrationsforschung fanden ältere Menschen kaum Beachtung. Angesichts des zunehmenden Anteils Älterer in der Migrantenbevölkerung wird eine Verknüpfung der beiden Forschungszweige aber immer wichtiger. Das vorliegende Buch widmet sich der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Altern unter Migrationsbedingungen und der Lebensqualität älterer Migrantinnen und Migranten. Auf der Basis theoretischer Reflexionen, empirischer Befunde und politischer Überlegungen bietet der vorliegende Band erstmals einen fundierten Überblick über den aktuellen Kenntnis- und Diskussionsstand im Schnittfeld der beiden Forschungsgebiete.
28.	Brandl, Andreas, et al. (författare) Current practice in assessment and management of malnutrition in surgical oncology practice – An ESSO-EYSAC snapshot analysis 2024 Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 50:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: Malnutrition is common in patients suffering from malignant diseases and has a major impact on patient outcomes. Prevention and early detection are crucial for effective treatment. This study aimed to investigate current international practice in the assessment and management of malnutrition in surgical oncology departments. Material and methods: The survey was designed by European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO) and ESSO Young Surgeons and Alumni Club (EYSAC) Research Academy as an online questionnaire with 41 questions addressing three main areas: participant demographics, malnutrition assessment, and perioperative nutritional standards. The survey was distributed from October to November 2021 via emails, social media and the ESSO website to surgical networks focussing on surgical oncologists. Results were collected and analysed by an independent team. Results: A total of 156 participants from 39 different countries answered the survey, reflecting a response rate of 1.4%. Surgeons reported treating a mean of 22.4 patients per month. 38% of all patients treated in surgical oncology departments were routinely screened for malnutrition. 52% of patients were perceived as being at risk for malnutrition. The most used screening tool was the “Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool” (MUST). 68% of participants agreed that the surgeon is responsible for assessing preoperative nutritional status. 49% of patients were routinely seen by dieticians. In cases of severe malnutrition, 56% considered postponing the operation. Conclusions: The reported rate of malnutrition screening by surgical oncologists is lower than expected (38%). This indicates a need for improved awareness of malnutrition in surgical oncology, and nutritional screening.
29.	Bühne, Jan-André, et al. (författare) ASSESS deliverable D2.2, Socio-economic impact of safety systems 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
30.	Burchett, Helen E D, et al. (författare) Improving prescribing practices with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs): synthesis of 10 studies to explore reasons for variation in malaria RDT uptake and adherence. 2017 Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The overuse of antimalarial drugs is widespread. Effective methods to improve prescribing practice remain unclear. We evaluated the impact of 10 interventions that introduced rapid diagnostic tests for malaria (mRDTs) on the use of tests and adherence to results in different contexts.A comparative case study approach, analysing variation in outcomes across different settings.Studies from the ACT Consortium evaluating mRDTs with a range of supporting interventions in 6 malaria endemic countries. Providers were governmental or non-governmental healthcare workers, private retail sector workers or community volunteers. Each study arm in a distinct setting was considered a case.28 cases from 10 studies were included, representing 148461 patients seeking care for suspected malaria.The interventions included different mRDT training packages, supervision, supplies and community sensitisation.Analysis explored variation in: (1) uptake of mRDTs (% febrile patients tested); (2) provider adherence to positive mRDTs (% Plasmodium falciparum positive prescribed/given Artemisinin Combination Treatment); (3) provider adherence to negative mRDTs (% P. falciparum negative not prescribed/given antimalarial).Outcomes varied widely across cases: 12-100% mRDT uptake; 44-98% adherence to positive mRDTs; 27-100% adherence to negative mRDTs. Providers appeared more motivated to perform well when mRDTs and intervention characteristics fitted with their own priorities. Goodness of fit of mRDTs with existing consultation and diagnostic practices appeared crucial to maximising the impact of mRDTs on care, as did prior familiarity with malaria testing; adequate human resources and supplies; possible alternative treatments for mRDT-negative patients; a more directive intervention approach and local preferences for ACTs.Basic training and resources are essential but insufficient to maximise the potential of mRDTs in many contexts. Programme design should respond to assessments of provider priorities, expectations and capacities. As mRDTs become established, the intensity of supporting interventions required seems likely to reduce.
31.	Cernea, Daniel, 1983- (författare) User-Centered Collaborative Visualization 2015 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The last couple of years have marked the entire field of information technology with the introduction of a new global resource, called data. Certainly, one can argue that large amounts of information and highly interconnected and complex datasets were available since the dawn of the computer and even centuries before. However, it has been only a few years since digital data has exponentially expended, diversified and interconnected into an overwhelming range of domains, generating an entire universe of zeros and ones. This universe represents a source of information with the potential of advancing a multitude of fields and sparking valuable insights. In order to obtain this information, this data needs to be explored, analyzed and interpreted.While a large set of problems can be addressed through automatic techniques from fields like artificial intelligence, machine learning or computer vision, there are various datasets and domains that still rely on the human intuition and experience in order to parse and discover hidden information. In such instances, the data is usually structured and represented in the form of an interactive visual representation that allows users to efficiently explore the data space and reach valuable insights. However, the experience, knowledge and intuition of a single person also has its limits. To address this, collaborative visualizations allow multiple users to communicate, interact and explore a visual representation by building on the different views and knowledge blocks contributed by each person.In this dissertation, we explore the potential of subjective measurements and user emotional awareness in collaborative scenarios as well as support flexible and user-centered collaboration in information visualization systems running on tabletop displays. We commence by introducing the concept of user-centered collaborative visualization (UCCV) and highlighting the context in which it applies. We continue with a thorough overview of the state-of-the-art in the areas of collaborative information visualization, subjectivity measurement and emotion visualization, combinable tabletop tangibles, as well as browsing history visualizations. Based on a new web browser history visualization for exploring user parallel browsing behavior, we introduce two novel user-centered techniques for supporting collaboration in co-located visualization systems. To begin with, we inspect the particularities of detecting user subjectivity through brain-computer interfaces, and present two emotion visualization techniques for touch and desktop interfaces. These visualizations offer real-time or post-task feedback about the users’ affective states, both in single-user and collaborative settings, thus increasing the emotional self-awareness and the awareness of other users’ emotions. For supporting collaborative interaction, a novel design for tabletop tangibles is described together with a set of specifically developed interactions for supporting tabletop collaboration. These ring-shaped tangibles minimize occlusion, support touch interaction, can act as interaction lenses, and describe logical operations through nesting operations. The visualization and the two UCCV techniques are each evaluated individually capturing a set of advantages and limitations of each approach. Additionally, the collaborative visualization supported by the two UCCV techniques is also collectively evaluated in three user studies that offer insight into the specifics of interpersonal interaction and task transition in collaborative visualization. The results show that the proposed collaboration support techniques do not only improve the efficiency of the visualization, but also help maintain the collaboration process and aid a balanced social interaction.
32.	Clark, Andrew G., et al. (författare) Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny 2007 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
33.	Dealtry, Simone, et al. (författare) Cultivation-Independent Screening Revealed Hot Spots of IncP-1, IncP-7 and IncP-9 Plasmid Occurrence in Different Environmental Habitats. 2014 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract IncP-1, IncP-7 and IncP-9 plasmids often carry genes encoding enzymes involved in the degradation of man-made and natural contaminants, thus contributing to bacterial survival in polluted environments. However, the lack of suitable molecular tools often limits the detection of these plasmids in the environment. In this study, PCR followed by Southern blot hybridization detected the presence of plasmid-specific sequences in total community (TC-) DNA or fosmid DNA from samples originating from different environments and geographic regions. A novel primer system targeting IncP-9 plasmids was developed and applied along with established primers for IncP-1 and IncP-7. Screening TC-DNA from biopurification systems (BPS) which are used on farms for the purification of pesticide-contaminated water revealed high abundances of IncP-1 plasmids belonging to different subgroups as well as IncP-7 and IncP-9. The novel IncP-9 primer-system targeting the rep gene of nine IncP-9 subgroups allowed the detection of a high diversity of IncP-9 plasmid specific sequences in environments with different sources of pollution. Thus polluted sites are "hot spots" of plasmids potentially carrying catabolic genes.
34.	DeVita, Michael A., et al. (författare) "Identifying the hospitalised patient in crisis"-A consensus conference on the afferent limb of Rapid Response Systems 2010 Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1570 .- 0300-9572. ; 81:4, s. 375-382 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Most reports of Rapid Response Systems (RRS) focus on the efferent, response component of the system, although evidence suggests that improved vital sign monitoring and recognition of a clinical crisis may have outcome benefits. There is no consensus regarding how best to detect patient deterioration or a clear description of what constitutes patient monitoring. Methods: A consensus conference of international experts in safety, RRS, healthcare technology, education, and risk prediction was convened to review current knowledge and opinion on clinical monitoring. Using established consensus procedures, four topic areas were addressed: (1) To what extent do physiologic abnormalities predict risk for patient deterioration? (2) Do workload changes and their potential stresses on the healthcare environment increase patient risk in a predictable manner? (3) What are the characteristics of an "ideal" monitoring system, and to what extent does currently available technology meet this need? and (4) How can monitoring be categorized to facilitate comparing systems? The major findings include: (1) vital sign aberrations predict risk, (2) monitoring patients more effectively may improve outcome, although some risk is random, (3) the workload implications of monitoring on the clinical workforce have not been explored, but are amenable to study and should be investigated, (4) the characteristics of an ideal monitoring system are identifiable, and it is possible to categorize monitoring modalities. It may also be possible to describe monitoring levels, and a system is proposed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
35.	Edström, Helen, et al. (författare) Alloying and Oxidation of PdAu Thin Films 2024 Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090. ; 790 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The relation between catalytic activity and the presence of oxides on the catalyst’s surface has proven very complex, especially in the case of methane oxidation over Pd. While the metallic Pd surface and a thin, but at least two atomic layers thick, oxide film has been found catalytically active, a single-layer surface oxide or a too thick oxide film are both low-active. Unfortunately, under reaction conditions, the oxide tends to grow thick and deactivate. The reason for this deactivation is believed to be exposure of the PdO(100) surface, which does not have any suitable active sites for the methane adsorption and activation, in contrast to PdO(101), which is exposed for thin films. In an attempt to limit the thickness of the oxide film, and hence stabilise the active PdO orientation, we have investigated the oxidation of thin PdAu films. The effects of different mixtures (25%, 50%, and 75% Au, respectively) and treatments on the oxidation and orientation of the alloy and oxide films were investigated. As intended, PdAu turned out to be significantly more difficult to oxidise compared to pure Pd. This effect was even stronger than expected. Depending on the amount of Au present in the alloy, the orientation of the oxide is affected. At lower Au concentration, the desired (101) oxide orientation is favoured, while higher Au concentration favours the low-active (100) oxide orientation. Thus, PdAu might be a good candidate for methane oxidation if the Au concentration is low, probably below 25%. The larger lattice constant of Au compared to Pd might also affect the oxide orientation, so another choice of alloying material, e.g. PdPt, may also work to stabilise PdO(101).
36.	Edström, Helen, et al. (författare) Alloying and oxidation of PdAu thin films 2024 Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090. ; 790 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The relation between catalytic activity and the presence of oxides on the catalyst's surface has proven very complex, especially in the case of methane oxidation over Pd. While the metallic Pd surface and a thin, but at least two atomic layers thick, oxide film has been found catalytically active, a single-layer surface oxide or a too thick oxide film are both low-active. Unfortunately, under reaction conditions, the oxide tends to grow thick and deactivate. The reason for this deactivation is believed to be exposure of the PdO(100) surface, which does not have any suitable active sites for the methane adsorption and activation, in contrast to PdO(101), which is exposed for thin films. In an attempt to limit the thickness of the oxide film, and hence stabilise the active PdO orientation, we have investigated the oxidation of thin PdAu films. The effects of different mixtures (25%, 50%, and 75% Au, respectively) and treatments on the oxidation and orientation of the alloy and oxide films were investigated. As intended, PdAu turned out to be significantly more difficult to oxidise compared to pure Pd. This effect was even stronger than expected. Depending on the sample temperature and the amount of Au present in the alloy, the orientation of the oxide is affected. At lower temperatures and Au concentration, the desired [301] oxide orientation (corresponding to the (101) planes being parallel to the sample surface) is favoured, while higher Au concentration favours the low-active [100] oxide orientation. Thus, PdAu might be a good candidate for methane oxidation if the Au concentration is low, probably below 25%. The larger lattice constant of Au compared to Pd might also affect the oxide orientation, so another choice of alloying material, e.g. PdPt, may also work to stabilise PdO[301]. Independent of the alloy composition, the sample temperature during oxide growth should be optimised in order to achieve an active oxide film.
37.	Elholm, Jacob Lynge, et al. (författare) High throughput screening of norbornadiene/quadricyclane derivates for molecular solar thermal energy storage 2022 Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 24:47, s. 28956-28964 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present a procedure for performing high throughput screening of molecular compounds for molecular solar thermal energy storage devices using extended tight binding (xTB) methods. In order to validate our approach, we performed screening of 3230 norbornadiene/quadricyclane (NBD/QC) derivatives in terms of storage energies, activation barriers and absorption of solar radiation using our approach, and compared it to high level density functional theory (DFT) and cluster perturbation (CP) theory calculations. Our comparisons show that the xTB screening framework correlates very well with DFT and CP theory in that it predicts the same relative trends in the studied parameters although the storage energies and thermal reaction barriers are significantly offset. Utilizing the screening methodology, we have been able to locate compounds that would either be excellent candidates or compounds that should not be considered further for molecular solar thermal energy storage devices. This methodology can readily be extended and applied to screening other molecular motifs for molecular solar energy storage.
38.	Englund, Hans, 1971-, et al. (författare) Learning-Environment Uncertainty and Students' Approaches to Learning : A Self-Determination Theory Perspective 2023 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Routledge. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 67:4, s. 559-573 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the literature on the relationship between learning environments and students' approaches to learning, much attention has been directed to aspects that foster a deep approach. Considerably less attention has been directed to aspects that result in the opposite, namely a surface approach. Indeed, there is a small literature focusing on how learning environments can frustrate the basic psychological needs of individuals and, as a result, foster a surface approach. However, hitherto, this stream has focused on controlling elements in learning environments. We add to this latter literature, through focusing on learning-environment uncertainty. This notion emerged from a qualitative study of 19 students at a Swedish university, where we identified three types of learning-environment uncertainty, related to the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The findings suggest that a surface approach to learning can be understood as a coping strategy that students adopt to reduce such uncertainties.
39.	Eriksson, Helen, et al. (författare) Techniques for and consequences of using INSPIRE extensions : a case study with Swedish hydrological data 2018 Ingår i: International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research. - : Publication Office of the European Union. - 1725-0463. ; 13, s. 172-201 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The demand for easily available geographic information is increasing in society. Moreover, knowledge of spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) has increased in many European governmental agencies, in large part because of the implementation of the INSPIRE directive. Many countries, thus, recognise the need to provide more detailed geographic information as network services at the national level. One means of realising this goal is to create INSPIRE extensions, i.e., to extend the INSPIRE data specifications with more detailed and specific national information. This paper describes a study where a complex INSPIRE extension has been created to describe the national need of hydrography information in Sweden, based on the Swedish water system standard (SWSS). The study includes the creation of a UML application schema that extends the INSPIRE Hydrography (HY) theme, the transform from UML to an XSD schema, the creation of GML files, and finally, testing and evaluating the approach of using INSPIRE extensions. When evaluating the results, the consequences of replacing existing dataset/download services with one extended INSPIRE HY dataset/download service are evaluated from the perspectives of both users and data providers. The evaluation is carried out as quantitative tests of the resulting GML files, in a user-centric test where a user tests the applicability of the GML files in hydrological analyses, and by telephone interviews with personnel from Lantmäteriet, the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority. Beside these evaluations, the possible effects on the information modelling process when creating an INSPIRE extension are also examined. The study shows that it is possible to create complex INSPIRE extensions that include many object types, attributes and relations. From a user perspective, extended INSPIRE HY files do not differ substantially from SWSS files, and can be used in hydrological analyses. Data providers can relatively simply replace their current download services with one for the extended INSPIRE HY, but the specific economic consequences for this could not be drawn. It could be expected, though, that there can be both economic, administrative and maintenance advantages if today’s separate INSPIRE and national download services are replaced with services exposing datasets based on an extended INSPIRE data model for all adequate themes.
40.	Fazey, Ioan, et al. (författare) Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there 2020 Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
41.	Filipovic, Marko, 1985-, et al. (författare) Historical usage of aqueous film forming foam : A case study of the widespread distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids from a military airport to groundwater, lakes, soils and fish 2014 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 129, s. 39-45 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Historical usage of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) at military airports is a potential source of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to the nearby environment. In this study, the distribution of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in soil, groundwater, surface water, tap water well, and fish muscle was investigated at a closed down military airfield (F18) and its surroundings in Stockholm, Sweden. The presence of PFOS at AFFF training sites was inventoried.One major finding of the study is that a former airfield, abandoned since 1994, may still be a point source of PFAAs to nearby recipients. PFOS and PFOA were ubiquitous in the soil samples at former AFFF training sites with concentrations ranging from 2.18 to 8520 ng g−1 dry weight and <0.12–287 ng g−1 dry weight respectively. The sum of PFAAs in the groundwater and surface waters ranged from 738 to 51 000 ng L−1 and −1, respectively. PFOS in European perch ranged from 76.5 to 370 ng g−1 wet weight muscle tissue which is among the highest previously reported worldwide. Our results provide evidence that the historical use of AFFF at the site have contaminated an aquifer (7500 m3 d−1), that will require constant PFAA purification before being used for drinking water production. Despite the fact that the water turnover time in the investigated recipients (of 4–6 months) suggest a depletion of PFAA-contaminants over a quarter of a decade, abandoned airfields may still pose an environmental and human health concern.
42.	Gallego-Urrea, Julian A., 1977, et al. (författare) Transformation and behaviour of NMs in freshwater and coastal seawater in support of modelling. H2020 NanoFASE Project Deliverable D8.3-4. March 2019. 2019 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
43.	Galon, Jerome, et al. (författare) Cancer classification using the Immunoscore : a worldwide task force 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 10, s. 205- Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Prediction of clinical outcome in cancer is usually achieved by histopathological evaluation of tissue samples obtained during surgical resection of the primary tumor. Traditional tumor staging (AJCC/UICC-TNM classification) summarizes data on tumor burden (T), presence of cancer cells in draining and regional lymph nodes (N) and evidence for metastases (M). However, it is now recognized that clinical outcome can significantly vary among patients within the same stage. The current classification provides limited prognostic information, and does not predict response to therapy. Recent literature has alluded to the importance of the host immune system in controlling tumor progression. Thus, evidence supports the notion to include immunological biomarkers, implemented as a tool for the prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. Accumulating data, collected from large cohorts of human cancers, has demonstrated the impact of immune-classification, which has a prognostic value that may add to the significance of the AJCC/UICC TNM-classification. It is therefore imperative to begin to incorporate the ` Immunoscore' into traditional classification, thus providing an essential prognostic and potentially predictive tool. Introduction of this parameter as a biomarker to classify cancers, as part of routine diagnostic and prognostic assessment of tumors, will facilitate clinical decision-making including rational stratification of patient treatment. Equally, the inherent complexity of quantitative immunohistochemistry, in conjunction with protocol variation across laboratories, analysis of different immune cell types, inconsistent region selection criteria, and variable ways to quantify immune infiltration, all underline the urgent requirement to reach assay harmonization. In an effort to promote the Immunoscore in routine clinical settings, an international task force was initiated. This review represents a follow-up of the announcement of this initiative, and of the J Transl Med. editorial from January 2012. Immunophenotyping of tumors may provide crucial novel prognostic information. The results of this international validation may result in the implementation of the Immunoscore as a new component for the classification of cancer, designated TNM-I (TNM-Immune).
44.	Ghafouri, Bijar, 1972-, et al. (författare) Note: 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid instead of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for analyses of in-gel digests of silver-stained proteins : in Analytical Biochemistry(ISSN 0003-2697), vol 371, issue 1, pp 121-123 2007 Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 371:1, s. 121-123 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
45.	Ghafouri, Bijar, et al. (författare) Peptide mass fingerprint data from silver stained proteins can be improved by using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid instead of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as matrix in MALDI-TOF MS 2007 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
46.	Ghasemi, Shima, 1993, et al. (författare) Exploring the impact of select anchor groups for norbornadiene/quadricyclane single-molecule switches 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - 2050-7534 .- 2050-7526. ; 11:44, s. 15379-15776 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To achieve the ultimate limit of device miniaturization, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the structure–property relationship in functional molecular systems used in single-molecule electronics. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of norbornadiene derivatives capped with thioether and thioester anchor groups. Utilizing the mechanically controllable break junction technique, the impact of these capping groups on conductance across single-molecule junctions is investigated. Among the selection of anchor groups, norbornadiene capped with thioacetate and tert-butyl groups exhibits higher conductance (G ≈ 4 × 10−4 G0) compared to methyl thioether (G ≈ 2 × 10−4 G0). Electronic transmission through the considered set of single-molecule junctions has been simulated. The computational results for electron transport across these junctions align closely with the experimental findings, with the thioacetate- and tert-butyl-substituted systems outperforming the methyl thioether-capped derivative. In terms of junction stability, the methyl thioether-capped system is the most resilient, maintaining consistent conductance even after approximately 10 000 cycles. Meanwhile, the likelihood of observing molecular plateaus in both the thioacetate- and tert-butyl-substituted systems declines over time. These findings substantially advance both the design and understanding of functional molecular systems in the realm of single-molecule electronics, particularly in the context of molecular photoswitches.
47.	Ghasemi, Shima, 1993, et al. (författare) Pyrene Functionalized Norbornadiene-Quadricyclane Fluorescent Photoswitches: Characterization of their Spectral Properties and Application in Imaging of Amyloid Beta Plaques 2024 Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - 1521-3765 .- 0947-6539. ; 30:34 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study presents the synthesis and characterization of two fluorescent norbornadiene (NBD) photoswitches, each incorporating two conjugated pyrene units. Expanding on the limited repertoire of reported photoswitchable fluorescent NBDs, we explore their properties with a focus on applications in bioimaging of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. While the fluorescence emission of the NBD decreases upon photoisomerization, aligning with what has been previously reported, for the first time we observed luminescence after irradiation of the quadricyclane (QC) isomer. We deduce how the observed emission is induced by photoisomerization to the excited state of the parent isomer (NBD) which is then the emitting species. Thorough characterizations including NMR, UV-Vis, fluorescence, X-ray structural analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a comprehensive understanding of these systems. Notably, one NBD-QC system exhibits exceptional durability. Additionally, these molecules serve as effective fluorescent stains targeting Aβ plaques in situ, with observed NBD/QC switching within the plaques. Molecular docking simulations explore NBD interactions with amyloid, unveiling novel binding modes. These insights mark a crucial advancement in the comprehension and design of future photochromic NBDs for bioimaging applications and beyond, emphasizing their potential in studying and addressing protein aggregates.
48.	Gorbunov, Andrey V., et al. (författare) Switchable Charge Injection Barrier in an Organic Supramolecular Semiconductor 2016 Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 8:24, s. 15535-15542 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We disclose a supramolecular material that combines semiconducting and dipolar functionalities. The material consists of a discotic semiconducting carbonyl-bridged triarylamine core, which is surrounded by three dipolar amide groups. In thin films, the material self-organizes in a hexagonal columnar fashion through Jr-stacking of the molecular core and hydrogen bonding between the amide groups. Alignment by an electrical field in a simple metal/semiconductor/metal geometry induces a polar order in the interface layers near the metal contacts that can be reversibly switched, while the bulk material remains nonpolarized. On suitably chosen electrodes, the presence of an interfacial polarization field leads to a modulation of the barrier for charge injection into the semiconductor. Consequently, a reversible switching is possible between a high-resistance, injection-limited off-state and a low-resistance, space-charge-limited on-state. The resulting memory diode shows switchable rectification with on/off ratios of up to two orders of magnitude. This demonstrated multifunctionality of a single material is a promising concept toward possible application in lowcost, large-area, nonvolatile organic memories.
49.	Graff, Pål, 1973-, et al. (författare) Evaluating Measuring Techniques for Occupational Exposure during Additive Manufacturing of Metals : A Pilot Study 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 21:Suppl. 1, s. S120-S129 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Additive manufacturing that creates three-dimensional objects by adding layer uponlayer of material is a new technique that has proven to be an excellent tool for themanufacturing of complex structures for a variety of industrial sectors. Today, knowl-edge regarding particle emissions and potential exposure-related health hazards forthe operators is limited. The current study has focused on particle numbers, masses,sizes, and identities present in the air during additive manufacturing of metals. Mea-surements were performed during manufacturing with metal powder consisting es-sentially of chromium, nickel, and cobalt. Instruments used were Nanotracer (10 to300 nanometers [nm]), Lighthouse (300 nm to 10 micrometers), and traditional ﬁlter-basedparticle mass estimation followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Resultsshowed that there is a risk of particle exposure at certain operations and that particle sizestended to be smaller in recycled metal powder compared to new. In summary, nanosizedparticles were present in the additive manufacturing environment and the operators wereexposed speciﬁcally while handling the metal powder. For the workers’ safety, improvedpowder handling systems and measurement techniques for nanosized particles will possiblyhave to be developed and then translated into work environment regulations. Until then,relevant protective equipment and regular metal analyses of urine is recommended.
50.	Grahn, Anna, 1973, et al. (författare) Imported case of lassa fever in Sweden with encephalopathy and sensorineural hearing deficit 2016 Ingår i: Open Forum Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2328-8957. ; 3:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © The Author 2016.We describe an imported case of Lassa fever with both encephalopathy and bilateral sensorineural hearing deficit. Absence of fever during hospitalization, initially nonspecific symptoms, and onset of hearing deficit in a late stage of disease probably contributed to delayed diagnosis (14 days after admittance to hospital). The pathogenesis of neurological manifestations of Lassa fever is poorly understood and no specific treatment was given. A total of 118 personnel had close contact with the patient, but no secondary cases occurred. This case highlights the importance of considering Lassa fever as a differential diagnosis in patients with recent travel to endemic areas.

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