| 1. |
- Stackelberg, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle and Risk of Screening-Detected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Men
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Modifiable lifestyle-related factors associated with risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are rarely investigated with a prospective design. We aimed to study possible associations among such factors and comorbidities with mean abdominal aortic diameter (AAD) and with risk of AAA among men screened for the disease. Methods and Results-Self-reported lifestyle-related exposures were assessed at baseline (January 1, 1998) among 14 249 men from the population-based Cohort of Swedish Men, screened for AAA between 65 and 75 years of age (mean 13 years after baseline). Multivariable prediction of mean AAD was estimated with linear regression, and hazard ratios (HRs) of AAA (AAD >= 30 mm) with Cox proportional hazard regression. The AAA prevalence was 1.2% (n=168). Smoking, body mass index, and cardiovascular disease were associated with a larger mean AAD, whereas consumption of alcohol and diabetes mellitus were associated with a smaller mean AAD. The HR of AAA was increased among participants who were current smokers with >= 25 pack-years smoked compared with never smokers (HR 15.59, 95% CI 8.96-27.15), those with a body mass index >= 25 versus <25 ( HR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.22-2.93), and those with cardiovascular disease (HR 1.77, 95% CI, 1.13-2.77), and hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08-2.34). Walking or bicycling for >40 minutes/day (versus almost never) was associated with lower AAA hazard (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.97) compared with almost never walking or bicycling. Conclusions-This prospective study confirms that modifiable lifestyle-related factors are associated with AAD and with AAA disease.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Svensjö, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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Low prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm among 65-year-old Swedish men indicates a change in the epidemiology of the disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 124:10, s. 1118-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Screening elderly men with ultrasound is an established method to reduce mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; Evidence Level 1a). Such programs are being implemented and generally consist of a single scan at 65 years of age. We report the results from screening 65-year-old men for AAA in middle Sweden.METHODS AND RESULTS:All 65-year-old men (n=26,256), identified through the National Population Registry, were invited to an ultrasound examination. An AAA was defined as a maximum infrarenal aortic diameter of ≥30 mm. In total, 22 187 (85%) accepted, and 373 AAAs were detected (1.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 1.9). With 127 previously known AAAs (repaired/under surveillance) included, the total prevalence of the disease in the population was 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 2.4). Self-reported smoking (odds ratio, 3.4; P<0.001), coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 2.0; P<0.001), and hypertension (odds ratio, 1.6; P=0.001) were independently associated with AAA in a multivariate logistic regression model. Thirteen percent of the entire population reported to be current smokers, one third of the frequency reported in the 1980s. The observed low prevalence of AAA was explained mainly by this change in smoking habits.CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of the observed reduced exposure to risk factors, lower-than-expected prevalence of AAA among 65-year-old men, unchanged AAA repair rate, and significantly improved longevity of the elderly population, the current generally agreed-on AAA screening model can be questioned. Important issues to address are the threshold diameter for follow-up, the possible need for rescreening at a higher age, and selective screening among smokers.
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| 4. |
- Allan, Julie, et al.
(författare)
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Etiska perspektiv på specialpedagogers yrkesroll och värdepedagogiska praktik
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yrkesetik handlar om att hantera motstridiga värden på ett professionellt sätt. Olika dilemman är ständigt närvarande i skolans vardag och kan handla om att minimera risken för att elever ska exkluderas eller om att säkerställa att elever får möjlighet att visa sina kunskaper på rätt sätt. I sin yrkesroll ställs specialpedagogen inför mångfacetterade arbetsuppgifter som omfattar att stödja barn och elever i svårigheter, vara en kvalificerad samtalspartner i pedagogiska frågor och samverka med andra yrkesgrupper för att utveckla skolans verksamhet. Arbetet innebär val mellan olika handlingsalternativ som kräver både kunskap och förmåga att urskilja och värdera etiska aspekter i komplexa sammanhang. I boken diskuteras både dilemman och möjligheter där etiska perspektiv spelar en viktig roll. Kapitlen tar upp frågor med praktiknära innehåll som lämpar sig för såväl individuell reflektion som kollegiala samtal med syftet att skapa ett gemensamt yrkesetiskt språk. Boken vänder sig till blivande och praktiserande specialpedagoger samt andra yrkeskategorier med arbetsuppgifter inom det specialpedagogiska området.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergman, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Deglaciation and colonization : Pioneer settlements in northern Fennoscandia
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of world prehistory. - New York : Plenum. - 0892-7537 .- 1573-7802. ; 18:2, s. 155-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new data on Early Mesolithic settlements in northern Sweden and discuss the process of pioneer colonization. A new set of radiocarbon dates from archaeological sites push deglaciation of northern Fennoscandia further back in time and demonstrate the rapid arrival of pioneer settlers. Environmental data reveal a highly productive early postglacial setting with plant communities unmatched in present ecosystems. The chronological and technological setting supports immigration from the north and northwest with pioneers relying on a long history of enculturating northern subarctic landscapes.
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Isostatic land uplift and Mesolithic landscapes : lake tilting, a key to the discovery of Mesolithic sites in the interior of Northern Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 30:11, s. 1451-1458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently only a few Mesolithic sites were known from the interior of N. Sweden, although extensive archaeological surveys have been carried out since the 1950s. The lack of archaeological data made every attempt to interpret the process of pioneer colonization quite fruitless. In this paper we present a model of non-uniform glacio-isostatic uplift and lake-tilting used to identify potential areas of Mesolithic habitation. By reconstructing shoreline displacement of ancient lakes, archaeological, palaeoecological and geological studies have resulted in the discovery of a significant number of Mesolithic sites and of an early post-glacial landscape previously unknown.
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| 8. |
- Bohm, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 14:6, s. 391-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European XFEL is a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) based on a high-electron-energy superconducting linear accelerator. The superconducting technology allows for the acceleration of many electron bunches within one radio-frequency pulse of the accelerating voltage and, in turn, for the generation of a large number of hard X-ray pulses. We report on the performance of the European XFEL accelerator with up to 5,000 electron bunches per second and demonstrating a full energy of 17.5 GeV. Feedback mechanisms enable stabilization of the electron beam delivery at the FEL undulator in space and time. The measured FEL gain curve at 9.3 keV is in good agreement with predictions for saturated FEL radiation. Hard X-ray lasing was achieved between 7 keV and 14 keV with pulse energies of up to 2.0 mJ. Using the high repetition rate, an FEL beam with 6 W average power was created. The first operation of the European X-ray free-electron laser facility accelerator based on superconducting technology is reported. The maximum electron energy is 17.5 GeV. A laser average power of 6 W is achieved at a photon energy of 9.3 keV.
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| 9. |
- Boström, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Duplex scanning as the sole preoperative imaging method for infrainguinal arterial surgery
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 23:2, s. 140-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to evaluate preoperative duplex as the sole investigation prior to lower limb reconstruction. Design retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: between January 1995 and December 1999, 157 of 329 surgical interventions for chronic infrainguinal arterial or aneurysmal disease were performed without preoperative angiography. RESULTS: in patients undergoing femoral artery endarterectomy, the extent of the stenosis and the status of the distal deep femoral artery were correctly diagnosed with duplex scanning in all but one patient. Duplex scan findings in patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass procedures were in agreement with the findings obtained from on-table angiography in regard to the selection of optimal outflow anastomotic sites in 123 (98%). Duplex scanning correctly evaluated the status of runoff in 113 (90%). There were no significant differences in 30-day occlusion rate and patency at 12 months between reconstructions performed with and without preoperative angiography. CONCLUSION: in patients with conclusive duplex scan findings there is no need to perform angiography prior to lower limb reconstruction.
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| 10. |
- Boström Ardin, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of patients with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with duplex scanning
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 43:4, s. 391-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the role of duplex scanning in the selection of patients with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1995 through May 2000, 702 patients (952 limbs), with chronic lower extremity ischemia due to infrainguinal atherosclerotic disease diagnosed by duplex scanning, were retrospectively studied. Diagnostic angiography (130 limbs) or infrainguinal PTA (108 limbs) was performed in 238 limbs. Two investigators retrospectively analyzed the duplex examinations and angiographies in a blinded manner and used similar criteria for the interpretation of lesions suitable or not suitable for PTA. RESULTS: The superficial femoral, popliteal and crural artery lesions were correctly selected for PTA in 85%, 66% and 32%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of duplex scanning to appropriately categorize femoropopliteal lesions as suitable or unsuitable for PTA were 89%, 83%, 92%, 94% and 78%, respectively. The accuracy of duplex scanning for predicting the performance of infrainguinal PTA was 83%. CONCLUSION: Duplex scanning has an important impact on the selection of treatment modalities in limbs with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease. Femoropopliteal lesions can be reliably selected to PTA according to duplex scan findings.
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| 11. |
- Boström Ardin, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical reconstruction without preoperative angiography in patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-5096 .- 1615-5947. ; 16:3, s. 273-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of performing surgical reconstructions in patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease with findings obtained solely from duplex scanning. Between January 1995 through December 1999, among 112 patients who underwent surgical intervention due to aortoiliac occlusive disease, 44 were operated on with findings obtained solely from preoperative duplex scanning. Deviations from preoperatively planned surgical interventions according to duplex scan findings and the outcome were analyzed. Our results showed that surgical reconstructions for treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease can be safely performed by using duplex scanning as the sole preoperative diagnostic modality in patients with conclusive duplex scan findings.
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| 12. |
- Bredewold, Obbo W, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Risk Following Conversion to Belatacept From a Calcineurin Inhibitor in Kidney Transplant Recipients : A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Kidney Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0595. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen is associated with beneficial effects on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors compared with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimens. Our objective was to compare the calculated CV risk between belatacept and CNI (predominantly tacrolimus) treatments using a validated model developed for KTRs.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, investigator-initiated, international multicenter trial.SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: KTRs aged 18-80 years with a stable graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 20 mL/min/1.73 m2), 3-60 months after transplantation, treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine A, were eligible for inclusion.INTERVENTION: Continuation with a CNI-based regimen or switch to belatacept for 12 months.OUTCOMES: Comparison of the change in the estimated 7-year risk of major adverse CV events and all-cause mortality, changes in traditional markers of CV health, as well as measures of arterial stiffness.RESULTS: Among the 105 KTRs randomized, we found no differences between the treatment groups in the predicted risk for major adverse CV events or mortality. Diastolic blood pressure, measured both centrally by using a SphygmoCor device and peripherally, was lower after the belatacept treatment than after the CNI treatment. The mean changes in traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including kidney transplant function, were otherwise similar in both the treatment groups. The belatacept group had 4 acute rejection episodes; 2 were severe rejections, of which 1 led to graft loss.LIMITATIONS: The heterogeneous baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and time from transplantation to trial enrollment in the participants. A limited study duration of 1 year.CONCLUSIONS: We found no effects on the calculated CV risk by switching to the belatacept treatment. Participants in the belatacept group had not only lower central and peripheral diastolic blood pressure but also a higher rejection rate.FUNDING: The trial has received a financial grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT no. 2013-001178-20.
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| 13. |
- Christiansson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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A new method of intrathecal PO2, PCO2, and pH measurements for continuous monitoring of spinal cord ischemia during thoracic aortic clamping in pigs
- 2000
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Ingår i: Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 127:5, s. 571-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Impaired spinal cord circulation during thoracic aortic clamping may result in paraplegia. Reliable and fast responding methods for intraoperative monitoring are needed to facilitate the evaluation of protective measures and efficiency of revascularization.METHODS: In 11 pigs, a multiparameter PO2, PCO2, and pH sensor (Paratrend 7, Biomedical Sensors Ltd, United Kingdom) was introduced into the intrathecal space for continuous monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation during thoracic aortic cross-clamping (AXC) distal to the left subclavian artery. A laser-Doppler probe was inserted into the epidural space for simultaneous measurements of spinal cord flux. Registrations were made before and 30 minutes after clamping and 30 and 60 minutes after declamping. The same measuring points were used for systemic hemodynamic and metabolic data acquisition.RESULTS: The mean CSF PO2 readings of 41 mm Hg (5.5 kPa) at baseline decreased within 3 minutes to 5 mm Hg (0.7 kPa) during AXC (P < .01). Spinal cord flux measurement responded immediately in the same way to AXC. Both methods indicated normalization of circulation during declamping. Significant (P < .01) changes were also observed in the CSF metabolic parameters PCO2 and pH.CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model of spinal ischemia by AXC, online monitoring of intrathecal PO2, PCO2, and pH showed significant changes and correlated well with epidural laser-Doppler flowmetry (P < .01).
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| 14. |
- Christiansson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of the spinal cord circulation as assessed by intrathecal oxygen tension monitoring during various arterial interruptions in the pig
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5223 .- 1097-685X. ; 121:4, s. 762-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the effect of various modes of interruption of the spinal cord blood supply on intrathecal oxygenation.METHODS: In 24 pigs intrathecal PO (2), PCO (2), and pH were continuously monitored with a multiparameter catheter (Paratrend 7, Biomedical Sensors; Diametrics Medical, Inc, St Paul, Minn) during and after aortic crossclamping or selective interruption of segmental arteries and proximal collateral circulation.RESULTS: Proximal aortic clamping (n = 6) produced complete ischemia, whereas a second clamp close to the celiac trunk (n = 4) partly protected against spinal cord ischemia. This is explained by prevention of the steal phenomenon in the excluded part of the aorta. Adding clamps to the subclavian arteries (n = 6) created complete spinal ischemia as the collateral circulation was interrupted. In another group (n = 4) all segmental arteries below T5 were occluded with no reaction in the intrathecal variables. Additional selective clamping of supreme intercostal arteries (n = 4) showed the relative importance of the subclavian and vertebral collateral pathways.CONCLUSIONS: Continuous intrathecal PO (2) was monitored during various modes of interruption of the spinal cord blood supply. This provided insight into the ischemia mechanisms and relative importance of the segmental contribution and proximal collateral pathways of the spinal cord circulation in pigs. A short literature review is given, and aspects of comparative anatomy are discussed.
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| 15. |
- Christiansson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Increased FiO2 improves intrathecal oxygenation during thoracic aortic cross-clamping in pigs
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 35:2, s. 147-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of 100% oxygen ventilation on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation in 11 pigs during thoracic aortic cross-clamping.DESIGN: An aorto-aortic shunt was used for control of central hemodynamics and study of hypoperfusion by exsanguination. CSF PO2, PCO2 and pH were continuously monitored before and during clamping. The changes in hemodynamic parameters and intrathecal gas tensions in response to variations in proximal mean aortic pressure and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) were recorded.RESULTS: Baseline CSF PO2 decreased from 4.8 +/- 1.9 to 2.6 +/- 2.2 kPa following aortic occlusion. Increasing FiO2 to 1.0 resulted in a significant increase in CSF PO2 to 4.1 +/- 3.0 with a return to 2.7 +/- 2.1 kPa after reducing FiO2 to 0.4 again. The same variations in FiO2 did not induce any significant changes in CSF PO2 during hypotension.CONCLUSION: Increased FiO2 during experimental thoracic aortic cross-clamping with stable proximal arterial pressure helps to maintain CSF PO2, whereas severe hypotension could not be compensated for by hyperoxemia.
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| 16. |
- Christiansson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between intrathecal oxygen tension and ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord during experimental aortic clamping
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 19:4, s. 413-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate spinal cord ultrastructure related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation.DESIGN: experimental aortic occlusion model with intrathecal oxygen tension monitoring.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of pigs underwent proximal (P) or double (D) aortic occlusion for 30 min followed by 1 h of reperfusion. In a third group (I) segmental arteries distal to T3 were clamped for 90 min. A thin pO(2), pCO(2) and pH sensor was placed intrathecally for continuous monitoring of CSF. Spinal cord segments were studied by electron microscopy (EM).RESULTS: In group P, CSF-pO(2)rapidly decreased during clamping and major changes in pH and pCO(2)were seen. EM demonstrated neuronal degeneration with loss of cellular integrity and severe affection of organelles. In the group D, CSF oxygenation decreased to about half, but with only moderate changes in the metabolic parameters. Group I showed no significant changes in CSF measurements. The latter groups were similar at EM, showing only mild mitochondrial changes.CONCLUSIONS: The level of CSF oxygenation during aortic cross-clamping or segmental artery interruption seems to correlate with ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord. This online intrathecal monitoring technique may provide valuable information on spinal cord circulation during thoracoabdominal aortic surgery.
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| 17. |
- Danielsson, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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The cross-section and branching fractions for dissociative recombination of the diacetylene cation C4D2
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-3806 .- 1873-2798. ; 273:3, s. 111-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report the results of a study on the dissociative recombination (DR) of the diacetylene cation, C4D2+, which has been carried out at the ion storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm, Sweden. The energy-dependent absolute DR cross-section as well as the branching fractions at 0 eV collision energy were measured. The DR cross-section was best fitted using the expression σ(E) = (7.5 ± 1.5) × 10−16 × E−(1.29±0.03) cm2 over the collision energy range 1–100 meV. The thermal rate coefficient was deduced from the cross-section to be α(T) = (1.10 ± 0.15) × 10−6 × (T/300)−(0.79±0.03) cm3/s. The reported branching fractions for C4D2+ agree with previous experiments on the DR of C4H2+ performed at the ASTRID storage ring in Aarhus, Denmark, and furthermore, indicate that the DR of C4D2+ possesses only two channels leading to the following products: C4D + D (75%) and C2D + C2D (25%).
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| 18. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-century reconstruction of fire activity in Northern European boreal forest suggests differences in regional fire regimes and their sensitivity to climate
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 102:3, s. 738-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest fires are one of the main disturbance agents in boreal and temperate ecosystems. To decipher large-scale temporal and spatial patterns of past fire activity in Scandinavia, we analysed the synchronicity of dendrochoronologically reconstructed fire events in a large network of sites (n=62; 3296 samples, 392 individual fire years) covering a wide geographical gradient (56.5-67.0 degrees N and 9.3-20.5 degrees E) over AD 1400-1900. We identified large fire years (LFY) as years with regionally increased forest fire activity and located the geographical centres of climatic anomalies associated with synchronous LFY occurrence across the region, termed LFY centroids. The spatial pattern of LFY centroids indicated the presence of two regions with climatically mediated synchronicity of fire occurrence, located south and north from 60 degrees N. The return intervals of LFYs in Scandinavia followed a Weibull distribution in both regions. Intervals, however, differed: a period of 40years would carry a 0.93 probability of LFY occurrence in the southern region, but only a 0.48 probability of LFY occurrence in the northern region. Over 1420-1759, the northern region was characterized by significantly higher temporal variability in LFY occurrence than the southern region. Temporal correlation of LFYs with reconstructed average summer temperature and total precipitation was evident mainly for the northern region. LFYs in this region were associated with positive temperature and negative precipitation anomalies over Scandinavia and with colder and wetter conditions in more southern parts of the European subcontinent. Synthesis. Historical patterns of the occurrence of large fire years (LFY) in Scandinavia point towards the presence of two well-defined zones with characteristic fire activity, with the geographical division at approximately 60 degrees N. The northern and mid-boreal forests, although exhibiting lower LFY frequencies, appeared to be more sensitive to past summer climate, as compared to the southern boreal forests. This would imply that fire regimes across Scandinavia may show an asynchronous response to future climate changes.
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| 19. |
- Edman, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of oral status in an adult population 35-75 year of age in the county of Dalarna, Sweden in 1983 and 2008
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - Jönköping : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 36:2, s. 61-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to study the prevalence and distribution of number of teeth, number of intact and decayed teeth and prevalence and distribution of removable dentures and periodontal disease over 25 years 1983-2008. Two cross-sectional studies (EpiWux) were performed in the County of Dalarna, Sweden in 1983 and 2008. In the 1983 study a random sample of 1012 individuals were invited to participate in this epidemiological and clinical study and 1440 individuals in 2008. A total number of 1695 individuals, stratified into geographical areas (rural and urban areas), in the age groups 35, 50,65 and 75 answered a questionnaire and were also clinically and radiographically examined. The number of edentulous individuals decreased from 15% in 1983 to 3 % in 2008. Number of teeth increased from 22.7 in 1983 to 24.2 in 2008 and decayed surfaces per tooth showed a three-time reduction over this period of time. As a consequence of better oral status the prevalence of complete removable dentures in both jaws decreased from 15 % in 1983 to 2 % in 2008. Individuals with moderate periodontitis decreased from 45 % in 1983 to 16 % in 2008. Conclusion: Covering a period of 25 years the present study can report dramatic improvements in all aspects of dental status that were investigated. This is encouraging for dental care professionals, but will not necessarily lead to less demand for dental care in the future as the population is aging with a substantial increase in number of teeth.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Falowska-Pietrzak, Olga, 1995-
(författare)
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Absorbed dose and fluence measurements and simulations at EuXFEL undulator systems
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European X-Ray Free Electron Laser generates X-ray pulsesas GeV electrons progress in the beam pipe through periodic arrangements of magnets called undulators. An undesired scattered radiation (stray radiation) is also present outside the beam pipe. It may damage not only undulator magnets, but also diagnostic and correction equipment located near undulators. It results in decreased performance of the EuXFEL. As the severity of magnet damage differs for different particles and energies, it is of great importance to properly characterize the stray radiation field in the vicinity of the undulators. In this thesis, results of Gafchromic film dose measurements near EuXFEL undulators are presented. Films were placed at the entrance of the undulator segments, along the undulator permanent magnets and at the front of phase shifters located in the intersections separating two undulator segments. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations of absorbed dose and fluence were performed with Geant4 toolkit to characterize the composition and energy spectra of the radiation field near undulators. Comparison of film measurements and simulations show that theradiation field near the upstream undulator cells may be a result of high-energy electrons interactions with the beam pipe. Almost 99 % of the dose absorbed to the permanent magnets comes from electrons and positrons created through photon interactions with matter. However, the majority of particles are photons. In addition,simulations show that neutrons are also presented within the magnets. Significant doses were measured further away from thepermanent magnets, close to phase shifters installed in the intersections.
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| 22. |
- Falowska-Pietrzak, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the stray radiation origin and composition at the European XFEL undulators with gafchromic films measurements and Geant4 simulations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At EuXFEL, a stray field of ionizing radiation is present near undulator magnets which eventually can lead to their demagnetization and decreased efficiency of the Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) process. In this work we investigate both the origin and composition of the radiation field at the undulator magnets with gafchromic film measurements and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations. Both measurements and simulations suggest that the radiation field in the upstream undulator cells comes from high-energy electrons striking the beam pipe. In addition, horizontal dose distributions at the entrance of the undulator segments depend on where the electrons hit the beam pipe. Geant4 simulations show that the radiation fluence near magnets is dominated by photons, while charged secondary electrons and positrons contribute almost entirely to the ionizing dose absorbed by magnets.
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| 23. |
- Gatchell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning of the DESIREE storage rings - a new facility for cold ion-ion collisions
- 2014
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Ingår i: XXVIII International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC 2013). - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; 488:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the ongoing commissioning of the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE, at Stockholm University. Beams of atomic carbon anions (C-) and smaller carbon anion molecules (C-2(-), C-3(-), C-4(-) etc.) have been produced in a sputter ion source, accelerated to 10 keV or 20 keV, and stored successfully in the two electrostatic rings. The rings are enclosed in a common vacuum chamber cooled to below 13 Kelvin. The DESIREE facility allows for studies of internally relaxed single isolated atomic, molecular and cluster ions and for collision experiments between cat-and anions down to very low center-of-mass collision energies (meV scale). The total thermal load of the vacuum chamber at this temperature is measured to be 32 W. The decay rates of stored ion beams have two components: a non-exponential component caused by the space charge of the beam itself which dominates at early times and an exponential term from the neutralization of the beam in collisions with residual gas at later times. The residual gas limited storage lifetime of carbon anions in the symmetric ring is over seven minutes while the 1/e lifetime in the asymmetric ring is measured to be about 30 seconds. Although we aim to improve the storage in the second ring, the number of stored ions are now sufficient for many merged beams experiments with positive and negative ions requiring milliseconds to seconds ion storage.
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| 24. |
- Gatchell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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First results from the Double ElectroStatic Ion-Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE
- 2014
-
Ingår i: XXVIII International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC 2013). - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; 488
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have stored the first beams in one of the rings of the double electrostatic ion-storage ring, DESIREE at cryogenic and at room temperature conditions. At cryogenic operations the following parameters are found. Temperature; T= 13K, pressure; p <10(-13) mbar, initial number of stored ions; N > 10(7) and storage lifetime of a C-2(-) beam; tau = 450 S.
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| 25. |
- Geppert, W.D., et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative recombination of protonated methanol
- 2006
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Ingår i: Faraday discussions. - Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-6640 .- 1364-5498. ; 133, s. 177-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The branching ratios of the different reaction pathways and the overall rate coefficients of the dissociative recombination reactions of CH3OH2+ and CD3OD2+ have been measured at the CRYRING storage ring located in Stockholm, Sweden. Analysis of the data yielded the result that formation of methanol or deuterated methanol accounted for only 3 and 6% of the total rate in CH3OH2+ and CD3OD2+, respectively. Dissociative recombination of both isotopomeres mainly involves fragmentation of the C - O bond, the major process being the three-body break-up forming CH3, OH and H (CD3, OD and D). The overall cross sections are best fitted by sigma = 1.2 +/- 0.1 x 10(-15) E-1.15 +/- 0.02 cm(2) and sigma = 9.6 +/- 0.9 x 10(-16) E-1.20 +/- 0.02 cm(2) for CH3OH2+ and CD3OD2+, respectively. From these values thermal reaction rate coefficients of k(T) = 8.9 +/- 0.9 x 10(-7) (T/300) (- 0.59 +/- 0.02) cm(3) s(-1) (CH3OH2+) and k( T) = 9.1 +/- 0.9 x 10(-7) (T/ 300) (- 0.63 +/- 0.02) cm(3) s(-1)(CD3OD2+) can be calculated. A non-negligible formation of interstellar methanol by the previously proposed mechanism via radiative association of CH3+ and H2O and subsequent dissociative recombination of the resulting CH3OH2+ ion to yield methanol and hydrogen atoms is therefore very unlikely.
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| 26. |
- Hartman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
First storage of ion beams in the Double Electrostatic Ion-Ring Experiment : DESIREE
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 84:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the first storage of ion beams in the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE, at Stockholm University. We have produced beams of atomic carbon anions and small carbon anion molecules (Cn-, n = 1, 2, 3, 4) in a sputter ion source. The ion beams were accelerated to 10 keV kinetic energy and stored in an electrostatic ion storage ring enclosed in a vacuum chamber at 13 K. For 10 keV C2- molecular anions we measure the residual-gas limited beam storage lifetime to be 448 s +/- 18 s with two independent detector systems. Using the measured storage lifetimes we estimate that the residual gas pressure is in the 10-14 mbar range. When high current ion beams are injected, the number of stored particles does not follow a single exponential decay law as would be expected for stored particles lost solely due to electron detachment in collision with the residual-gas. Instead, we observe a faster initial decay rate, which we ascribe to the effect of the space charge of the ion beam on the storage capacity.
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| 27. |
- Hedberg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
-
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction in outpatients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease : prevalence and association with location of arterial disease
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 16:6, s. 625-632
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We aimed to determine the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in outpatients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease (PAVD). Further, the associations of stenotic internal carotid artery disease (SICAD) and lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) with LVSD were evaluated.Methods and results: In the Peripheral Artery Disease in Vastmanland study, consecutive outpatients with ultrasonographically identified mild to severe stenosis in the internal carotid artery or symptoms of claudication combined with either ankle brachial index of 0.90 or ultrasonographic occlusive findings were included (n=437). Population-based control subjects were matched to the patients (n=395). LVSD was defined as echocardiographically determined left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <55%, and moderate or greater LVSD was defined as LVEF <45%. The prevalence of LVSD was significantly greater in patients than in controls (13.7% vs. 6.1%, P<0.001). The prevalence of moderate or greater LVSD in participants not on treatment with a combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and beta-blocker was 2.3% in patients and 1.3% in controls (P=0.31). When LEAD and SICAD were analysed together, adjusted for potential confounders, SICAD [odds ratio (OR) 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-6.32], but not LEAD (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.80-3.18), was independently associated with LVSD.Conclusions: In outpatients with PAVD, we found a 13.7% prevalence of LVSD. However, the prevalence of at least moderate LVSD in patients not on treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a beta-blocker was only 2.3% and not significantly different from controls. Stenotic artery disease in the internal carotid artery, but not in the lower extremities, was independently associated with LVSD.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
A prolonged spinal cord ischaemia model in pigs. Passive shunting offers stable central haemodynamics during aortic occlusion
- 2000
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 19:3, s. 318-323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effect of a modified aortic shunt on central haemodynamic variables during experimental thoracic aortic occlusion in a prolonged spinal cord ischaemia model.MATERIAL AND METHODS: central haemodynamic variables were evaluated during aortic cross-clamping. In the shunt group (n=11), after the placement of proximal and distal aortic clamps, distal aortic perfusion was restored through an aortoiliac shunt via the left subclavian artery. In the no-shunt group (n=11), spinal cord ischaemia was achieved with only proximal aortic cross-clamping. The clamping time was 60 minutes in the shunt group and 30 minutes in the no-shunt group.RESULTS: in the no-shunt group, all animals needed inotropic support, vasodilators and buffers during the experiment. None of these drugs were needed in the shunt group. In the no-shunt group, cross-clamping caused a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and heart rate compared to baseline values. These variables were stable in the shunt group during aortic occlusion. In the reperfusion period cardiac output, heart rate and arterial pCO(2)were significantly higher in the no-shunt than in the shunt group.CONCLUSION: the present experimental spinal cord ischaemia model, using double aortic cross-clamping with shunt, offers improved central haemodynamics. This enables the study of prolonged selective spinal cord ischaemia without interaction from vasoactive drugs or systemic reperfusion.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of low proximal aortic pressure on spinal cord oxygenation in experimental thoracic aortic occlusion
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. - 0021-9509 .- 1827-191X. ; 42:2, s. 227-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of low proximal aortic pressure on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation in an experimental thoracic occlusion model. METHODS: In nine pigs, continuous intrathecal pO(2), pCO(2) and pH monitoring was used during double descending thoracic aortic clamping following insertion of an aorto-aortic shunt. In five pigs, the shunt was connected to a citrated bag adjusted at approximately 40-45 cm above the heart for partial exsanguination in order to decrease mean proximal aortic pressure (MPAP) to below 50 mmHg. In four animals, sodium nitroprusside infusion was used for this purpose. RESULTS: Intrathecal pO(2) demonstrated a significant decrease from 4.9+/-2.1 to 2.9+/-2.4 kPa after 10 minutes of aortic cross-clamping. Lowering proximal aortic pressure caused a further significant decrease to 1.2+/-1.7 kPa (p<0.05). In seven pigs (5 in the exsanguination and 2 in the vasodilator group), restoration of mean proximal aortic pressure to 94.0+/-27.7 caused a recovery of CSF pO(2) from 1.2+/-1.9 to 2.8+/-3.0 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that MPAP which provides spinal cord perfusion through subclavian-vertebral arteries are crucial for maintenance of spinal cord oxygenation during thoracic aortic occlusion in this pig model.
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| 32. |
- Hellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of segmental spinal cord perfusion on intrathecal oxygen tension during experimental thoracic aortic crossclamping
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - 0741-5214. ; 31:1 Pt 1, s. 164-170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of identifying alterations in blood supply to the spinal cord during thoracic aortic crossclamping.METHODS: In 17 pigs, a multiparameter PO(2), PCO(2,) and pH sensor was introduced into the intrathecal space for continuous monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation during aortic crossclamping. An epidural laser Doppler probe was used to measure spinal cord flux. After insertion of an aortic shunt from the left subclavian to the left iliac artery and interruption of the right subclavian and lumbar arteries (L2-L5), the thoracic aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery was clamped for 60 minutes. By placement of the distal aortic crossclamping below the level of L1 in group A (n = 9 animals), perfusion of only the abdominal visceral arteries was maintained. In group B (n = 8 animals), the distal aortic crossclamping was above the level of T12, and thus some spinal cord perfusion was maintained through the aortic shunt.RESULTS: The significant decrease in CSF PO(2) was observed within 3 minutes after the placement of the proximal aortic crossclamping and was normalized in all animals after establishment of the shunt flow. In group A, distal aortic crossclamping caused a decrease in CSF PO(2) with at least 50% of the preclamping values within 3 minutes. The mean CSF PO(2) of 2.99 +/- 0.70 kPa at 60 minutes of distal aortic crossclamping in group B was significantly higher than in group A (0.11 +/- 0.11 kPa; P <. 001). In group A, PCO(2) measurements showed no significant changes in 3 minutes after distal aortic crossclamping but revealed significantly higher values at 30 and 60 minutes compared with group B. Spinal cord flux values showed similar changes as CSF PO(2) during the whole experiment in both groups.CONCLUSION: In this experimental model of aortic crossclamping, continuous CSF oxygen tension monitoring allows rapid detection of alterations in spinal cord circulation.
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| 33. |
- Hellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Monitoring of intrathecal oxygen tension during experimental aortic occlusion predicts ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5223 .- 1097-685X. ; 121:2, s. 316-323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between intrathecal PO2 and ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord during thoracic aortic occlusion in pigs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 18 pigs, online intrathecal oxygenation was monitored by a multiparameter Paratrend catheter (Biomedical Sensors, High Wycombe, United Kingdom) during 60 minutes' clamping of the proximal and distal descending thoracic aorta. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups (A and B) depending on the level of distal aortic clamping. Distal aortic perfusion was restored through an aorto-iliac shunt, which also maintained low thoracic segmental perfusion of the spinal cord in group B. Perfusion-fixation technique was used before harvesting the spinal cord specimens, which later were evaluated with light and electron microscopy by an independent observer. Intrathecal parameters were interpreted as normal if PO2 was more than 0.8 kPa and PCO2 was less than 12 kPa, as intermediate ischemia if PO2 was 0.8 or less or PCO (2) was more than 12 kPa, and as absolute ischemia if PO2 was 0.8 or less and PCO2 was more than 12 kPa. RESULTS: Among 6 animals with ultrastructural changes of absolute spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, 5 also had absolute ischemia according to variables derived by the Paratrend catheter. The 2 methods were in agreement in 3 of 5 animals with intermediate ischemia-reperfusion changes and in 5 of 6 animals with normal findings. The accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid PO2 and PCO2 to predict electron microscopy-verified intermediate or absolute ischemia-reperfusion injury was 94%. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring of intrathecal PO2 after clamping of the descending aorta correlated with ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord in this pig model.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Hellberg, Anders
(författare)
-
Spinal cord oxygenation during thoracic aortic clamping in pigs
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite a dramatic reduction in the mortality associated with thoracoabdominal aorticreplacement during the past 40 years, spinal cord ischaemia that results in paraplegia remainsa serious complication. Simple and reliable intraoperative monitoring techniques are neededto detect impending neurological deficit in time to prevent permanent damage. The presentthesis covers several aspects of the monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid oxygen tension inexperiments involving clamping of the thoracic aorta, using a new method.Epidural laser Doppler flowmetry was used to validate online cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)PO2, PCO2 and pH measurements by Paratrend® catheter during thoracic aortic clamping inpigs. A new experimental prolonged spinal cord ischaemia model was established by using apassive aorto-aortic shunt. Influence of segmental spinal cord perfusion and manipulation ofproximal aortic pressure on CSF oxygenation were studied in this model. Finally, intrathecalvariables were correlated with ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord.Intrathecal oxygen tension was strongly correlated with laser Doppler registrations. Theprolonged selective spinal cord ischaemia model offered stable central haemodynamics duringaortic occlusion. Monitoring of CSF oxygen tension allowed rapid detection of alterations inthe circulation to the spinal cord. The importance of proximal aortic pressure on maintenanceof spinal cord oxygenation during aortic occlusion was shown. Paratrend®-derivedmeasurements correlated with electron microscopic evaluation of spinal cord changes. Inconclusion, continuous CSF PO2, PCO2 and pH monitoring may provide new possibilities forthe detection and management of neurological deficit during thoracoabdominal aortic replacement.
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| 36. |
- Hellberg, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Bacterial vaginosis and smoking
- 2000
-
Ingår i: International Journal of STD and AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 11:9, s. 603-606
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate if there is an association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and smoking. This cohort study included 956 randomly chosen, apparently healthy women at 2 family planning and one youth clinic. Of the 956 women, 131 women fulfilled the criteria for BV and the remaining 825 served as a control group. BV, BV-associated bacteria and gynaecological infections were diagnosed. Structured personal interviews concerning, smoking, alcohol and drug habits, sexual behaviour and reproductive history were made. Before and after adjustment for possible confounding factors, smoking, but not alcohol and drug use, was significantly associated with BV. Of the women with BV 52% were smokers versus 32% in the control group. Age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for smokers was 2.3 before, and 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.9) after adjustment for sexual risk behaviour, reproductive history, and alcohol use. There was also a significant dose-response relationship between BV and smoking habits. The data suggest that there might be a causal association between BV and smoking.
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| 37. |
- Hellberg, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexually transmitted diseases and gynecologic symptoms and signs in women with a history of induced abortion
- 1999
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. - 1537-4521. ; 26:4, s. 197-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PIP: This study examines the relationship between a history of induced abortion and current or previous sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and other gynecologic symptoms. Study participants consisted of a cohort of women attending 2 family planning and 1 youth clinic; 192 were admitted with history of induced abortion and 804 women served as controls. A structured interview to obtain data on previous genital infections and gynecologic symptoms was conducted and gynecologic examination was performed. Various types of STDs and gynecologic symptoms were diagnosed including chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, genital herpes, genital warts, cervical human papillomavirus infection, bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. The study found a high frequency of gynecologic symptoms in women with history of induced abortion such as abnormal vaginal discharges, pruritus, genital malodor, deep dyspareunia and urinary symptoms. Moreover, a history of gonorrhea, genital chlamydial infection, genital warts, and genital herpes were 1.5-5 times more common among women who experienced induced abortion. As a consequence of the 3-fold increase in the history of STDs, the study found a 4-fold increase of a history of pelvic inflammatory disease in women with induced abortion history. Considering these findings, women attending clinics for induced abortions could be a good target population for STD information programs and campaigns.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Hellberg, D, et al.
(författare)
-
The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal flora changes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0711 .- 0932-0067. ; 265:1, s. 11-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population of 956 women, attending for contraceptive advice, 131 (13.7%) were found to have BV acording to Amsel's criteria. Clue cells were detected in 200 (20.9%) women, a positive amine ('sniff') test in 191 (20.0%), a vaginal pH > or = 4.7 in 243 (25.4%) and a "characteristic" vaginal discharge in 104 (10.9%) women. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in relation to BV were calculated for each of these four criteria. The detection of clue cells, an increased pH and a positive sniff test showed excellent sensitivity (86-100%) values, but had a less satisfactory positive predictive value (52-68%). Vaginal discharge was found to be a poor predictor of BV. The vaginal flora in women with clue cells, increased vaginal pH or a positive sniff test was very similar to that of the women with BV, every after excluding concomitant cases of BV and the three respective criteria. Thus, a positive amine test, which is easily performed, strongly suggests BV and a vaginal flora predominated by Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus species and anaerobic species on one hand, and lack of lactobacilli on the other. When there is a clinical suspicion of BV, the sniff test is positive and differential diagnoses are excluded, one can safely treat a woman for bacterial vaginosis.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hellberg, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Design of reflectionless media for transient electromagnetic waves
- 1995
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Ingår i: Inverse Problems. - : IOP Publishing. - 0266-5611 .- 1361-6420. ; 11:1, s. 147-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for modelling reflectionless conductive dispersive media is presented. The media are either half-spaces or finite dispersive slabs with a spatially varying impedance. The problem of finding reflectionless media for plane waves at normal incidence is formulated as an inverse problem where the constitutive relation is to be determined as a function of depth given a reflection kernel which is zero. The inverse problem is solved by a time-domain Green function technique. It is seen that non-reflecting half-spaces can be constructed in a number of different ways, whereas non-reflecting slabs can only be found if the back-wall is non-conducting.
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| 42. |
- Hellberg, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Design of reflextionless slabs for transient electromagnetic waves
- 1994
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A method for modeling reflectionless conductive dispersive slabs is presented. The slabs are impedance matched to the surrounding half-spaces and are temporally dispersive with a spatially varying impedance. It is shown that the effects from the variation of the impedance can be matched by the temporal dispersive effects and the conductivity so that for a normally incident plane wave the slab does not reflect any field regardless of the shape of the incident transient field. The problem of finding reflectionless media is formulated as an inverse problem where the constitutive relation is to be determined as a function of depth given a reflection kernel which is zero. The inverse problem is solved by a time domain Green functions technique.
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| 43. |
- Hellberg, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Non-reflecting dispersive media
- 1992
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Ingår i: Smart Materials and Structures. - : IOP Publishing. - 0964-1726 .- 1361-665X. ; 1:4, s. 46-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modeling of non-reflecting one-dimensional dispersive media is discussed. The media are temporal dispersive with a spatially varying impedance. It is shown that the effects from the variation of the impedance can be matched by the temporal dispersive effects so that the media do not reflect any field regardless of the shape of the incident transient field. The problem of finding reflectionless media is formulated as an inverse problem where the constitutive relation is to be determined as a function of depth given a reflection kernel which is zero. A time-domain Green functions technique is used to solve the inverse problem.
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| 44. |
- Hellberg, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
-
The direct and inverse problem for obliquely incident transient elastodynamic waves
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The direct and inverse scattering problems for a plane-stratified viscoelastic medium excited by a transient plane wave of SH or P-SV type are treated. The viscoelastic medium is characterized by two time and space dependent memory functions and a spatially dependent density. The direct and inverse problems are solved by a time-domain wave propagator method that is related to the Green functions technique and the imbedding method. The definition of the wave-propagators is based upon a wave-splitting technique where the total wave is split into generalized left and right going components. A numerical algorithm for the inverse problem is presented for the P-SV case.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Karacagil, Sadettin, et al.
(författare)
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Anastomotic rupture at the site of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and distal vein cuff of femoropopliteal bypass : Two case reports
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 105:3, s. 245-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two female patients, 63 and 78 years of age, underwent femoropopliteal bypass with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft and distal vein cuff. They developed graft occlusion due to false aneurysm at the site of vein cuff during one and eight weeks after surgery, respectively. Improper suture technique or weak vein wall might lead to suture disruption leading to false aneurysm as presented in this article.
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| 47. |
- Liss, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Renal effects of CO2 and iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing renovascular intervention : a prospective, randomized study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. - 1051-0443 .- 1535-7732. ; 16:1, s. 57-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: CO2 gas has been proposed for use instead of iodinated contrast media in angiographic examinations in patients at risk of developing renal failure from contrast media. The influence of intraarterial injection of CO2 with small added amounts of ioxaglate (200 mgI/mL) or ioxaglate alone on renal function in patients with suspected renal artery stenosis was studied in a prospective, randomized study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients underwent renovascular intervention (n = 83) and/or renal angiography (n = 40) for suspected renal artery stenosis. Patients with a serum creatinine concentration less than 200 micromol/L (n = 82) were randomized prospectively to receive CO2 with small added amounts of ioxaglate (n = 37) or only ioxaglate (n = 45). Patients with serum creatinine levels greater than 200 micromol/L (n = 41) were not randomized and initially received CO2. Serum creatinine concentrations were measured within 1 day before and 1 day, 2 days, and 2-3 weeks after the procedure. RESULTS: The amount of injected CO2 did not relate to an increase in serum creatinine level. In the randomized groups, and also when the whole patient sample was considered, the amount of injected iodine was significantly correlated (P = .011) with an increase in serum creatinine level and a decrease in estimated creatinine clearance after 2 days. Among the randomized patients, one in the CO2 group and three in the ioxaglate group had a more than 25% increase in serum creatinine level within the first 2 days after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The risk of impairment of renal function is lower after injection of CO2 with small amounts of added ioxaglate compared with injection of a larger amount of ioxaglate alone. The larger the amount of administered iodinated contrast medium, the greater the risk of development of renal failure.
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| 48. |
- Logason, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid artery endarterectomy solely based on duplex scan findings
- 2002
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Ingår i: Vascular and endovascular surgery. - : SAGE Publications. - 1538-5744 .- 1938-9116. ; 36:1, s. 9-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to review experience with carotid artery surgery based on findings obtained solely from duplex scanning with special regard to unexpected findings during surgery and the early outcome. From January 1993 through December 1999, 271 consecutive patients underwent 287 carotid endarterectomies (CEAs), 229 (80%) of which were performed solely based on duplex scan findings. During the study period 5,932 carotid artery duplex scans were performed in 4,466 patients. Of 589 patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis 70%, 246 underwent CEA compared to 25 of 156 with 50-69% ICA stenosis. The indications for CEA were transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 88 (30.7%), amaurosis fugax in 60 (20.9%), previous stroke in 91 (31.7%) and asymptomatic disease in 48 (16.7%) cases. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups operated on with and without preoperative angiography with respect to the indications for surgery, associated risk factors, or the degree of stenosis on the contralateral side. In patients undergoing surgery without angiography, there were no unexpected findings that influenced the performance of surgery, in all except 1. There were no significant differences in perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery with and without conventional angiography. The combined mortality and major stroke rates were 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. It is concluded that CEA can safely be performed without preoperative angiography in cases with conclusive duplex scan findings.
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| 49. |
- Löfberg, Anne-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal arteries in limbs with chronic critical lower limb ischemia
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of vascular surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-5214. ; 34:1, s. 114-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of femoropopliteal arteries in patients with subcritical or critical lower limb ischemia. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two patients underwent 121 PTA procedures, 68 were of the superficial femoral artery (SFA), 13 of the popliteal and 40 of both arteries. Fifty-seven procedures were performed for treatment of occlusions. Eighty-four patients (94 procedures) were monitored with duplex scanning. RESULTS: Technical success rate was 88%. Primary success rates at 12 and 60 months in the whole series were 40% and 27%, respectively. The primary success rate in limbs with SFA occlusion of longer than 5 cm was only 12% after 5 years compared with 32% if the occlusion was CONCLUSION: The results of femoropopliteal PTA performed for treatment of subcritical or critical lower limb ischemia seemed to be inferior to the results of infrainguinal bypass grafting reported in literature. However, because the PTA procedure does not preclude the performance of bypass grafting, it might be an alternative to surgical intervention in limbs with stenotic femoropopliteal lesions. PTA might also be considered in patients with high surgical risk and limited life expectancy, having short occlusive lesions (< 5 cm).
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| 50. |
- Löfberg, Anne-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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The role of duplex scanning in the selection of patients with critical lower-limb ischemia for infrainguinal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0174-1551 .- 1432-086X. ; 24:4, s. 229-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the role of duplex scanning in the selection of patients with critical lower-limb ischemia (CLI) for infrainguinal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two limbs with CLI (150 patients) that underwent duplex scanning within 3 months prior to conventional diagnostic angiography (n = 88) or infrainguinal PTA (n = 74) were retrospectively studied. The findings obtained from duplex scanning and angiography were analyzed in a masked fashion by two different investigators. RESULTS: The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of duplex scanning in the selection of patients for infrainguinal PTA were 86%, 84%, 89%, 86%, and 87% respectively. Forty-two procedures (57%) were performed at multiple arterial segments. The accuracy of duplex scanning in the selection of femoropopliteal and crural lesions for PTA was over 85%. However, the sensitivity of duplex scanning in the selection of popliteal and crural lesions for PTA was 49% and 38% respectively, compared with 80% for superior femoral artery lesions. In 39% of patients who were correctly selected for PTA, duplex scanning misdiagnosed one of the multiple lesions treated by PTA. CONCLUSION: Duplex scanning can safely be used for the selection of patients for infrainguinal PTA. The sensitivity of duplex scanning in the selection of lesions for PTA was less satisfactory in the popliteal and crural arteries compared with the femoropopliteal arteries.
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