| 1. |
- Holmberg, Lars I, 1944-
(författare)
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Health, Risk-Taking Behavior and Sexuality in Swedish Adolescents
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aims of this research were to develop methods of identifying adolescents with unhealthy and/or risk-taking behavior with special reference to sexuality, and to evaluate support measures for young people in need of such interventions. A further aim was to assess strategies for preventing unhealthy and/or risk-taking behavior. Data were obtained by questionnaires (studies I, III, IV and V) and interviews (study II).The results showed that young men involved in unintended pregnancies would benefit from active participation in the decision making regarding continuation or termination of the pregnancy, and from support at Outpatient Clinics for Adolescents in Sweden, including information together with the partner (I).It was also concluded that consideration should be paid to questions and problems, e.g. feelings, apprehensions, moral issues and psychosocial factors, that require individual support from personnel with knowledge and resources to help young men in this difficult situation (II).Among the most important findings regarding young men who had been involved in an unplanned pregnancy were that in this group a high percentage had previously considered suicide and that anabolic steroids were frequently used, compared with young men without experience of pregnancy (III).The finding that unprotected intercourse occurred in a fairly high frequency among 13- to 18-year-olds, despite massive education and easy access to contraceptives, gives reason for further considerations regarding appropriate ways of providing information to young people (IV).Girls and boys in vocational programs in Swedish high schools exhibit more risk-taking behaviors than those in theoretical programs and these two groups differ in clustering and accumulation of these behaviors. This means that preventive interventional strategies need to be elaborated with regard to these differences, with the aim of improving health maintenance among adolescents (V).Child-and-youth centers with a developmental and research capacity need to be established with the broad purpose of drawing up health prevention programs for children and young people.
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| 2. |
- Lundin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Differential tyrosine phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-1 and receptor proximal signal transduction in response to FGF-2 and heparin.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Exp Cell Res. - 0014-4827. ; 287:1, s. 190-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sulfated regions in heparan sulfate and heparin are known to affect fibroblast growth factor (FGF) function. We have studied the mechanism whereby heparin directs FGF-2-induced FGF receptor-1 (FGFR-1) signal transduction. FGF-2 alone stimulated maximal phosphorylation of Src homology domain 2 tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) and the adaptor molecule Crk, in heparan sulfate-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) 677 cells expressing FGFR-1. In contrast, for phospholipase Cgamma(1) (PLCgamma(1)) and the adaptor molecule Shb to be maximally tyrosine-phosphorylated, cells had to be stimulated with both FGF-2 and heparin (100 ng/ml). Tyrosine residues 463 in the juxtamembrane domain and 766 in the C-terminal tail in FGFR-1 are known to bind Crk and PLCgamma(1), respectively. Analysis of tryptic phosphopeptide maps of FGFR-1 from cells stimulated with FGF-2 alone and FGF-2 together with heparin showed that FGF-2 alone stimulated a several-fold increase in tyrosine 463 in the juxtamembrane domain. In contrast, heparin had to be included in order for tyrosine 766 to be phosphorylated to the same fold level. Our data imply that tyrosine 463 is phosphorylated and able to transduce signals in response to FGF-2 treatment alone; furthermore, we suggest that FGFR-1 dimerization/kinase activation is stabilized by heparin.
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| 3. |
- Abid, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Factors affecting global supply chain design
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the limited existing knowledge pertaining to the factors which govern localization of operations and capabilities in a global supply chain, the purpose of the paper is to find out which factors and how they jointly affect the design of global supply chains. The relevant literature is reviewed and a concept matrix is developed. Five companies were selected in order to illustrate the issues of global supply chain design. Among them, three companies are considered to have efficient supply chain and less complex products, while the two others are considered to have responsive supply chain and more complex products. The issues discussed with the selected companies cover global sourcing, challenges, technological advancement and issues related to management control. The study identifies about fifty factors that affect global supply chain design, and specifically how theses relate to design decisions on location of factories and production, supplier selection and development, distribution of products and organisation of interfaces along the supply chain. The discrepancies between theory and practice as well as the implications for further research are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Abid, Muhammad, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Global supply chain design : Building a decision model
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The knowledge pertaining to the factors, which govern localization of operations and capabilities in a global supply chain, is limited. The purpose of the paper is to find out which factors and how they jointly affect the design of a global supply chain. The relevant literature is reviewed and a concept matrix is developed. The study identifies 30 factors that affect a global supply chain design and specifically how theses relate to the design decisions on location of factories and production, supplier selection and development, distribution logistics, organisation of interfaces/enterprise information infrastructure along the supply chain and human resource development. The decision model is developed and the description of the model is done with the help of an example (location of a factory) by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) (Saaty, 1990).
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Dag R., et al.
(författare)
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A molecular beam scattering apparatus for surface chemiluminescence studies. Preliminary results for emission of excited K atoms.
- 1989
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A molecular beam scattering apparatus has been constructed for the study of surface chemiluminescence, i.e. the emission of light during a molecule-surface reaction. The apparatus consists of a beam forming stage designed for molecular and atomic chlorine, and a scattering chamber. The scattering chamber houses the sample, an alkali evaporation source, and a rotatable flange which holds the detectors; (i) the imaging optics of the photon detector, (ii) a mass spectrometer detector and (iii) a charged particle collector. The performance of the apparatus is demonstrated for a beam of chlorine molecules impinging on continuously evaporated or freshly evaporated potassium films. Intensity versus chlorine exposure and angular intensity distributions are presented for the K(4p ->4s) atomic line emission of the K+Cl$_2$ surface chemiluminescence spectrum.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bredewold, Obbo W, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Risk Following Conversion to Belatacept From a Calcineurin Inhibitor in Kidney Transplant Recipients : A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Kidney Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0595. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen is associated with beneficial effects on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors compared with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimens. Our objective was to compare the calculated CV risk between belatacept and CNI (predominantly tacrolimus) treatments using a validated model developed for KTRs.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, investigator-initiated, international multicenter trial.SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: KTRs aged 18-80 years with a stable graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 20 mL/min/1.73 m2), 3-60 months after transplantation, treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine A, were eligible for inclusion.INTERVENTION: Continuation with a CNI-based regimen or switch to belatacept for 12 months.OUTCOMES: Comparison of the change in the estimated 7-year risk of major adverse CV events and all-cause mortality, changes in traditional markers of CV health, as well as measures of arterial stiffness.RESULTS: Among the 105 KTRs randomized, we found no differences between the treatment groups in the predicted risk for major adverse CV events or mortality. Diastolic blood pressure, measured both centrally by using a SphygmoCor device and peripherally, was lower after the belatacept treatment than after the CNI treatment. The mean changes in traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including kidney transplant function, were otherwise similar in both the treatment groups. The belatacept group had 4 acute rejection episodes; 2 were severe rejections, of which 1 led to graft loss.LIMITATIONS: The heterogeneous baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and time from transplantation to trial enrollment in the participants. A limited study duration of 1 year.CONCLUSIONS: We found no effects on the calculated CV risk by switching to the belatacept treatment. Participants in the belatacept group had not only lower central and peripheral diastolic blood pressure but also a higher rejection rate.FUNDING: The trial has received a financial grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT no. 2013-001178-20.
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| 8. |
- Christiansson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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A new method of intrathecal PO2, PCO2, and pH measurements for continuous monitoring of spinal cord ischemia during thoracic aortic clamping in pigs
- 2000
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Ingår i: Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 127:5, s. 571-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Impaired spinal cord circulation during thoracic aortic clamping may result in paraplegia. Reliable and fast responding methods for intraoperative monitoring are needed to facilitate the evaluation of protective measures and efficiency of revascularization.METHODS: In 11 pigs, a multiparameter PO2, PCO2, and pH sensor (Paratrend 7, Biomedical Sensors Ltd, United Kingdom) was introduced into the intrathecal space for continuous monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation during thoracic aortic cross-clamping (AXC) distal to the left subclavian artery. A laser-Doppler probe was inserted into the epidural space for simultaneous measurements of spinal cord flux. Registrations were made before and 30 minutes after clamping and 30 and 60 minutes after declamping. The same measuring points were used for systemic hemodynamic and metabolic data acquisition.RESULTS: The mean CSF PO2 readings of 41 mm Hg (5.5 kPa) at baseline decreased within 3 minutes to 5 mm Hg (0.7 kPa) during AXC (P < .01). Spinal cord flux measurement responded immediately in the same way to AXC. Both methods indicated normalization of circulation during declamping. Significant (P < .01) changes were also observed in the CSF metabolic parameters PCO2 and pH.CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model of spinal ischemia by AXC, online monitoring of intrathecal PO2, PCO2, and pH showed significant changes and correlated well with epidural laser-Doppler flowmetry (P < .01).
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| 9. |
- Christiansson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of the spinal cord circulation as assessed by intrathecal oxygen tension monitoring during various arterial interruptions in the pig
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5223 .- 1097-685X. ; 121:4, s. 762-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the effect of various modes of interruption of the spinal cord blood supply on intrathecal oxygenation.METHODS: In 24 pigs intrathecal PO (2), PCO (2), and pH were continuously monitored with a multiparameter catheter (Paratrend 7, Biomedical Sensors; Diametrics Medical, Inc, St Paul, Minn) during and after aortic crossclamping or selective interruption of segmental arteries and proximal collateral circulation.RESULTS: Proximal aortic clamping (n = 6) produced complete ischemia, whereas a second clamp close to the celiac trunk (n = 4) partly protected against spinal cord ischemia. This is explained by prevention of the steal phenomenon in the excluded part of the aorta. Adding clamps to the subclavian arteries (n = 6) created complete spinal ischemia as the collateral circulation was interrupted. In another group (n = 4) all segmental arteries below T5 were occluded with no reaction in the intrathecal variables. Additional selective clamping of supreme intercostal arteries (n = 4) showed the relative importance of the subclavian and vertebral collateral pathways.CONCLUSIONS: Continuous intrathecal PO (2) was monitored during various modes of interruption of the spinal cord blood supply. This provided insight into the ischemia mechanisms and relative importance of the segmental contribution and proximal collateral pathways of the spinal cord circulation in pigs. A short literature review is given, and aspects of comparative anatomy are discussed.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Christiansson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Increased FiO2 improves intrathecal oxygenation during thoracic aortic cross-clamping in pigs
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 35:2, s. 147-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of 100% oxygen ventilation on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation in 11 pigs during thoracic aortic cross-clamping.DESIGN: An aorto-aortic shunt was used for control of central hemodynamics and study of hypoperfusion by exsanguination. CSF PO2, PCO2 and pH were continuously monitored before and during clamping. The changes in hemodynamic parameters and intrathecal gas tensions in response to variations in proximal mean aortic pressure and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) were recorded.RESULTS: Baseline CSF PO2 decreased from 4.8 +/- 1.9 to 2.6 +/- 2.2 kPa following aortic occlusion. Increasing FiO2 to 1.0 resulted in a significant increase in CSF PO2 to 4.1 +/- 3.0 with a return to 2.7 +/- 2.1 kPa after reducing FiO2 to 0.4 again. The same variations in FiO2 did not induce any significant changes in CSF PO2 during hypotension.CONCLUSION: Increased FiO2 during experimental thoracic aortic cross-clamping with stable proximal arterial pressure helps to maintain CSF PO2, whereas severe hypotension could not be compensated for by hyperoxemia.
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| 12. |
- Christiansson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between intrathecal oxygen tension and ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord during experimental aortic clamping
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 19:4, s. 413-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate spinal cord ultrastructure related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation.DESIGN: experimental aortic occlusion model with intrathecal oxygen tension monitoring.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of pigs underwent proximal (P) or double (D) aortic occlusion for 30 min followed by 1 h of reperfusion. In a third group (I) segmental arteries distal to T3 were clamped for 90 min. A thin pO(2), pCO(2) and pH sensor was placed intrathecally for continuous monitoring of CSF. Spinal cord segments were studied by electron microscopy (EM).RESULTS: In group P, CSF-pO(2)rapidly decreased during clamping and major changes in pH and pCO(2)were seen. EM demonstrated neuronal degeneration with loss of cellular integrity and severe affection of organelles. In the group D, CSF oxygenation decreased to about half, but with only moderate changes in the metabolic parameters. Group I showed no significant changes in CSF measurements. The latter groups were similar at EM, showing only mild mitochondrial changes.CONCLUSIONS: The level of CSF oxygenation during aortic cross-clamping or segmental artery interruption seems to correlate with ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord. This online intrathecal monitoring technique may provide valuable information on spinal cord circulation during thoracoabdominal aortic surgery.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Clemens, Anna, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Water desorption from nanostructured graphite surfaces
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 15:47, s. 20456-20462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water interaction with nanostructured graphite surfaces is strongly dependent on the surface morphology. In this work, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) in combination with quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) has been used to study water ice desorption from a nanostructured graphite surface. This model surface was fabricated by hole-mask colloidal lithography (HCL) along with oxygen plasma etching and consists of a rough carbon surface covered by well defined structures of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The results are compared with those from pristine HOPG and a rough (oxygen plasma etched) carbon surface without graphite nanostructures. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The TPD experiments were conducted for H2O coverages obtained after exposures between 0.2 and 55 langmuir (L) and reveal a complex desorption behaviour. The spectra from the nanostructured surface show additional, coverage dependent desorption peaks. They are assigned to water bound in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) hydrogen-bonded networks, defect-bound water, and to water intercalated into the graphite structures. The intercalation is more pronounced for the nanostructured graphite surface in comparison to HOPG surfaces because of a higher concentration of intersheet openings. From the TPD spectra, the desorption energies for water bound in 2D and 3D (multilayer) networks were determined to be 0.32 +/- 0.06 and 0.41 +/- 0.03 eV per molecule, respectively. An upper limit for the desorption energy for defect-bound water was estimated to be 1 eV per molecule.
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| 16. |
- Danielsson, Kristina, 1961-
(författare)
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Beginners Read Aloud : High versus Low Linguistic Levels in Swedish Beginners' Oral Reading
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aims of this thesis were to examine the utilisation of various linguistic levels in the oral reading of running texts among Swedish beginning readers, and specifically to question the supposedly predominant role of lower (i.e. sub-lexical) linguistic levels by also examining possible evidence of the utilisation of information at the syntactic or semantic levels, as well as textual context. The investigation is based on a corpus constructed from the oral reading of running texts and includes a number of studies using both quantitative and qualitative error analyses.The analyses confirm that other linguistic levels than the sub-lexical have an impact on reading. This was shown both in the linguistic acceptability of errors and the extent to which errors were corrected depending on linguistic acceptability. Although the natural point of departure seemed to be the graphemic level, analyses revealed that graphemic complexity or word transparency alone could not explain error frequencies. In quite a few cases, qualitative analyses revealed, for instance, that higher linguistic levels or knowledge of the world could explain both why words did and did not result in reading errors. However, phonological quantity appeared to be a major difficulty throughout the study, which is clearly related to the graphemic or phonological level.Some differences regarding the developmental perspective were observed. One study indicated that the readers might develop stepwise regarding their utilisation of various linguistic levels, in the sense that they appeared to rely mainly on lower linguistic levels early in reading development. Later they seemed to be dependent on higher linguistic levels, and ultimately they seemed to be sensitive to, rather than dependent on, higher linguistic levels.An interesting result was that the readers seemed to use different strategies for different kinds of words throughout the investigation, using a direct decoding strategy for frequent words, but using a letter-by-letter decoding strategy for less frequent or graphemically complex words.
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| 17. |
- Essand, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and characterization of a novel splicing variant of vesicular monoamine transporter 1
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0952-5041 .- 1479-6813. ; 35:3, s. 489-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) is an integral protein in the membrane of secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine and endocrine cells that allows the transport of biogenic monoamines, such as serotonin, from the cytoplasm into the secretory vesicles. The full-length VMAT1 transcript is produced from 16 exons. We have identified and characterized an alternatively spliced form of VMAT1 that lacks exon 15, the next to last exon of VMAT1. The new form was therefore denoted VMAT1Delta15. Exon 15 does not contain an even multiple of three nucleotides. As a consequence, there is a shift of reading frame, and exon 16 is translated in an alternative reading frame, yielding a novel protein with a shorter and unrelated C-terminus compared with the native VMAT1 protein. VMAT1 and VMAT1Delta15 mRNAs are simultaneously expressed in normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells of the GI tract. However, VMAT1 expression is always higher than VMAT1Delta15 expression. We prove that VMAT1Delta15 is not localized in large, dense core vesicles as the native form but in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, while VMAT1 can take up serotonin, VMAT1Delta15 cannot, indicating different functions for the two forms of VMAT1.
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| 18. |
- Gatchell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning of the DESIREE storage rings - a new facility for cold ion-ion collisions
- 2014
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Ingår i: XXVIII International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC 2013). - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; 488:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the ongoing commissioning of the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE, at Stockholm University. Beams of atomic carbon anions (C-) and smaller carbon anion molecules (C-2(-), C-3(-), C-4(-) etc.) have been produced in a sputter ion source, accelerated to 10 keV or 20 keV, and stored successfully in the two electrostatic rings. The rings are enclosed in a common vacuum chamber cooled to below 13 Kelvin. The DESIREE facility allows for studies of internally relaxed single isolated atomic, molecular and cluster ions and for collision experiments between cat-and anions down to very low center-of-mass collision energies (meV scale). The total thermal load of the vacuum chamber at this temperature is measured to be 32 W. The decay rates of stored ion beams have two components: a non-exponential component caused by the space charge of the beam itself which dominates at early times and an exponential term from the neutralization of the beam in collisions with residual gas at later times. The residual gas limited storage lifetime of carbon anions in the symmetric ring is over seven minutes while the 1/e lifetime in the asymmetric ring is measured to be about 30 seconds. Although we aim to improve the storage in the second ring, the number of stored ions are now sufficient for many merged beams experiments with positive and negative ions requiring milliseconds to seconds ion storage.
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| 19. |
- Gatchell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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First results from the Double ElectroStatic Ion-Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE
- 2014
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Ingår i: XXVIII International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC 2013). - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; 488
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have stored the first beams in one of the rings of the double electrostatic ion-storage ring, DESIREE at cryogenic and at room temperature conditions. At cryogenic operations the following parameters are found. Temperature; T= 13K, pressure; p <10(-13) mbar, initial number of stored ions; N > 10(7) and storage lifetime of a C-2(-) beam; tau = 450 S.
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| 20. |
- Gustafsson, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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A validated gene regulatory network and GWAS identifies early regulators of T cell-associated diseases
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 7:313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early regulators of disease may increase understanding of disease mechanisms and serve as markers for presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment. However, early regulators are difficult to identify because patients generally present after they are symptomatic. We hypothesized that early regulators of T cell-associated diseases could be found by identifying upstream transcription factors (TFs) in T cell differentiation and by prioritizing hub TFs that were enriched for disease-associated polymorphisms. A gene regulatory network (GRN) was constructed by time series profiling of the transcriptomes and methylomes of human CD4(+) T cells during in vitro differentiation into four helper T cell lineages, in combination with sequence-based TF binding predictions. The TFs GATA3, MAF, and MYB were identified as early regulators and validated by ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) and small interfering RNA knockdowns. Differential mRNA expression of the TFs and their targets in T cell-associated diseases supports their clinical relevance. To directly test if the TFs were altered early in disease, T cells from patients with two T cell-mediated diseases, multiple sclerosis and seasonal allergic rhinitis, were analyzed. Strikingly, the TFs were differentially expressed during asymptomatic stages of both diseases, whereas their targets showed altered expression during symptomatic stages. This analytical strategy to identify early regulators of disease by combining GRNs with genome-wide association studies may be generally applicable for functional and clinical studies of early disease development.
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| 21. |
- Hartman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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First storage of ion beams in the Double Electrostatic Ion-Ring Experiment : DESIREE
- 2013
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 84:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the first storage of ion beams in the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE, at Stockholm University. We have produced beams of atomic carbon anions and small carbon anion molecules (Cn-, n = 1, 2, 3, 4) in a sputter ion source. The ion beams were accelerated to 10 keV kinetic energy and stored in an electrostatic ion storage ring enclosed in a vacuum chamber at 13 K. For 10 keV C2- molecular anions we measure the residual-gas limited beam storage lifetime to be 448 s +/- 18 s with two independent detector systems. Using the measured storage lifetimes we estimate that the residual gas pressure is in the 10-14 mbar range. When high current ion beams are injected, the number of stored particles does not follow a single exponential decay law as would be expected for stored particles lost solely due to electron detachment in collision with the residual-gas. Instead, we observe a faster initial decay rate, which we ascribe to the effect of the space charge of the ion beam on the storage capacity.
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| 22. |
- Hayashi, Makoto, et al.
(författare)
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VE-PTP regulates VEGFR2 activity in stalk cells to establish endothelial cell polarity and lumen formation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 1672-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) guides the path of new vessel sprouts by inducing VEGF receptor-2 activity in the sprout tip. In the stalk cells of the sprout, VEGF receptor-2 activity is downregulated. Here, we show that VEGF receptor-2 in stalk cells is dephosphorylated by the endothelium-specific vascular endothelial-phosphotyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP). VE-PTP acts on VEGF receptor-2 located in endothelial junctions indirectly, via the Angiopoietin-1 receptor Tie2. VE-PTP inactivation in mouse embryoid bodies leads to excess VEGF receptor-2 activity in stalk cells, increased tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and loss of cell polarity and lumen formation. Vessels in ve-ptp(-/-) teratomas also show increased VEGF receptor-2 activity and loss of endothelial polarization. Moreover, the zebrafish VE-PTP orthologue ptp-rb is essential for polarization and lumen formation in intersomitic vessels. We conclude that the role of Tie2 in maintenance of vascular quiescence involves VE-PTP-dependent dephosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2, and that VEGF receptor-2 activity regulates VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation, endothelial cell polarity and lumen formation.
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| 23. |
- Hellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A prolonged spinal cord ischaemia model in pigs. Passive shunting offers stable central haemodynamics during aortic occlusion
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 19:3, s. 318-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effect of a modified aortic shunt on central haemodynamic variables during experimental thoracic aortic occlusion in a prolonged spinal cord ischaemia model.MATERIAL AND METHODS: central haemodynamic variables were evaluated during aortic cross-clamping. In the shunt group (n=11), after the placement of proximal and distal aortic clamps, distal aortic perfusion was restored through an aortoiliac shunt via the left subclavian artery. In the no-shunt group (n=11), spinal cord ischaemia was achieved with only proximal aortic cross-clamping. The clamping time was 60 minutes in the shunt group and 30 minutes in the no-shunt group.RESULTS: in the no-shunt group, all animals needed inotropic support, vasodilators and buffers during the experiment. None of these drugs were needed in the shunt group. In the no-shunt group, cross-clamping caused a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and heart rate compared to baseline values. These variables were stable in the shunt group during aortic occlusion. In the reperfusion period cardiac output, heart rate and arterial pCO(2)were significantly higher in the no-shunt than in the shunt group.CONCLUSION: the present experimental spinal cord ischaemia model, using double aortic cross-clamping with shunt, offers improved central haemodynamics. This enables the study of prolonged selective spinal cord ischaemia without interaction from vasoactive drugs or systemic reperfusion.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of segmental spinal cord perfusion on intrathecal oxygen tension during experimental thoracic aortic crossclamping
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - 0741-5214. ; 31:1 Pt 1, s. 164-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of identifying alterations in blood supply to the spinal cord during thoracic aortic crossclamping.METHODS: In 17 pigs, a multiparameter PO(2), PCO(2,) and pH sensor was introduced into the intrathecal space for continuous monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation during aortic crossclamping. An epidural laser Doppler probe was used to measure spinal cord flux. After insertion of an aortic shunt from the left subclavian to the left iliac artery and interruption of the right subclavian and lumbar arteries (L2-L5), the thoracic aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery was clamped for 60 minutes. By placement of the distal aortic crossclamping below the level of L1 in group A (n = 9 animals), perfusion of only the abdominal visceral arteries was maintained. In group B (n = 8 animals), the distal aortic crossclamping was above the level of T12, and thus some spinal cord perfusion was maintained through the aortic shunt.RESULTS: The significant decrease in CSF PO(2) was observed within 3 minutes after the placement of the proximal aortic crossclamping and was normalized in all animals after establishment of the shunt flow. In group A, distal aortic crossclamping caused a decrease in CSF PO(2) with at least 50% of the preclamping values within 3 minutes. The mean CSF PO(2) of 2.99 +/- 0.70 kPa at 60 minutes of distal aortic crossclamping in group B was significantly higher than in group A (0.11 +/- 0.11 kPa; P <. 001). In group A, PCO(2) measurements showed no significant changes in 3 minutes after distal aortic crossclamping but revealed significantly higher values at 30 and 60 minutes compared with group B. Spinal cord flux values showed similar changes as CSF PO(2) during the whole experiment in both groups.CONCLUSION: In this experimental model of aortic crossclamping, continuous CSF oxygen tension monitoring allows rapid detection of alterations in spinal cord circulation.
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| 26. |
- Hellberg, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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The very obese woman and the very old woman : Tension-free vaginal tape for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Urogynecology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-3462 .- 1433-3023. ; 18:4, s. 423-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mailed questionnaire was sent to 970 consecutive women who underwent a tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure between 1995 and 2001 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Falun Hospital. Seven hundred and sixty (78.4%) women responded. The outcome was compared between women older than 75 years (n=113) and younger women, and between women with a body mass index (BMI) above 35 (n=61) and those who had normal weight. Mean follow-up was 5.7 years. Thirty-six elderly women and one of the obese women were deceased at the long-term follow-up. TVT was easy to perform and was a safe procedure for women in all groups. There was a sharp decrease in cure rate of any urinary incontinence problems among women aged 75 years or more (55.7%), as compared to those who were younger (79.7%). The cure rate moderately decreased from BMI groups 19–24 to 30–34. BMI ≥35 seemed to be the best explanatory cutoff level. The overall cure rate in women of normal weight was 81.2%, as compared to 52.1% in the very obese. The cure rate for urinary incontinence with tension-free vaginal tape in women above 75 years of age and in women with a BMI above 35 was acceptable, but lower as compared to the remaining study population.
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| 27. |
- Hellberg, Kristina
(författare)
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Elever på ett anpassat individuellt gymnasieprogram : skolvardag och vändpunkter
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to describe and research students roate into the programme, and what it means to students to follow a special secondary school course. The students attended a small specail needs teaching group based on the neuropsychiatric diagnosis of Asperger´s syndrome, which had been made during their years at school. In this connetction, the study will also clarify and analyse the interface between the organisation of a secondary school and the special needs students, from the players´persepctive where the student´attendance at school forms the basis of their education.The students already had a negative image of themselves as pupils before starting their secondary scool education and the learning environment in which they participated in secondary school. Attandance becomes another turning point in the students´statements about their time at school. The experience of being at school has changed.From their perspective- "an inner perspective"- both the courses they had taking, and the school environment, is emphasised as something positive. The fact that affiliation to the programme is positive is an ongoing feature in students´statements. Identification with friends of similar age, who have comparable experinces, above all in relation to school, is emphasised by most students as something positive. Studnets´feeling of communityis based on the knowledge that the reason why they are on programme is because they have had different problems in relation to school. For students, the environment is a type of identity- creating forum, where students with the same problems can undertake their education. The diagnosis plays a central part in how students perceive themselves in relation to school and the obstacles they face.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Hellberg, Lars, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Master students learning TRIZ at the University: past experiences, future plans, and best practices
- 2016
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Ingår i: 12th MATRIZ TRIZfest-2016 International Conference, July 28-30, Beijing, People’s Republic of China. - 2374-2275. - 9780692524183
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creating an efficient learning environment for TRIZ at a university is far from trivial. Although the TRIZ-tools for solving problems can appear simple at a glance, applying them to real world problems by beginners is not. In this paper we share our experiences teaching and developing a university course in TRIZ for Master students with different Engineering backgrounds. The syllabus of the course is presented, student results and feedback are analyzed, and plans for future course development are discussed.
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| 33. |
- Hellberg, Lars, 1960
(författare)
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Molecular beam study of non-adiabatic electron transfer in the Cl2+Ksurf surface reaction
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Halogen molecules impinging on alkali metal surfaces constitute model systems for studies of charge transfer, dissociation dynamics and non-adiabatic energy dissipation in molecule-surface reactions. This thesis reports emission of exo-electrons and photons from the surface as a result of strong non-adabaticity in the Cl2 gas on K$^{solid}$ reaction. The high electron affinity of chlorine and low work function of potassium results in unusually high yields of emitted particles.This thesis contains three parts: (i) The building of the experimental equipment, (ii) experiments using the equipment, (iii)) and theoretical and numerical modelling of the system .The first and major part of this work was the building of a molecular beam apparatus for scattering of halogens on evaporated alkali surfaces. A supersonic nozzle source plus a velocity selector provided Cl2 molecules from 460 m/s to 1360 m/s (0.08-0.68 eV) by He seeding. The scattering chamber has facilities for measurements of energy resolved photon and electron emission, negative ions, UPS spectra and sticking coefficient.In the second part experimental emission yields and energy distributions of exo-electrons and photons were measured as a function of Cl2 velocity and surface exposure. The exo-electron yield increases by a factor of 4 for the range of molecular velocities mentioned above, while the photon yield did not show any significant change. A small shift towards higher energy of both the exo-electrons and the photons was observed. >98% of the negative charge emitted in the reaction consists of electrons, but some Cl- ions were detected. The initial sticking coefficient was unity for all velocities.The model calculation, based on classical trajectory calculations, includes all the steps of the reaction, from an initial electron transfer from the surface to the molecule (harpooning) that causes dissociation of the molecule, to a second and final electron transfer that, with certain probability and branching ratio, causes emission of an electron or a photon.By comparing the results from the molecular beam experiments with the model calculations, we are able to propose a detailed picture of the dissociation dynamics and of the electron and photon emission processes.
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| 34. |
- Hellberg, Lars, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Surface chemiluminescence of Cl-2 on potassium
- 2002
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - 0039-6028. ; 502-503:399-404, s. 6-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured the initial (zero coverage) photon (1.5 ePhi, where ePhi is the work function of K (=2.25 eV), i.e. energies where electrons can also be emitted. (2) The photon spectrum is shifted towards shorter wavelengths at higher Cl, velocities. (3) The photon yield varies only weakly with increasing, Cl, velocities. The photon and exoelectron emission observations are generally consistent with the basic picture that both electrons and photons are created by energetic (non-adiabatic) transitions from valence band states of potassium to a Cl 3p(5) hole state shifted up to similar to4 eV below the Fermi energy. The third point above, the weak variation of the photon emission yield with v(CI2), is in stark contrast to the exoelectron results, where a strong yield increase with the molecular velocity is observed. Details of the velocity dependence of photon and electron emission are still not fully understood, and require advanced calculations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Hellberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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System oriented VLSI curriculum at KTH
- 1997
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Ingår i: ; , s. 57-59
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the restructuring of VLSI education at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). Changing needs of industry, advances in technology and design methodology has required a significant reorganization of VLSI education with combined emphasis on system issues and associated physical constraints. We present here a course structure which will address, in parallel fashion, the key design issues for future system products
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Holmberg, Lars I., et al.
(författare)
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Age-related gender differences of relevance for health in Swedish adolescents
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of adolescent medicine and health. - 0334-0139. ; 19:4, s. 447-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To compare different areas of adolescent behaviors and self-perceived health with the aim of identify'ing age and gender differences to facilitate planning of public health preventive measures. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey in ten Swedish schools covering all students between 13 and 18 years of age. A validated instrument, Q90, created for use in teenagers, was distributed in the classrooms to 3,216 teenagers. RESULTS: In all age groups, girls had significantly more problems regarding self-perceived health, i.e., general health, abdominal pain, headache, feeling depressed, and suicidal thoughts, than boys. Ingirls, proportion feelingdepressed increased from 28% inthe youngest group (11% in boys) to 51% in the oldest (20% in boys). Similar results were found for all health-related problems. Significant differences were found between both gender and age groups in experiences of being bullied. A significantly higher frequency of boys than girls admitted to committing vandalism (35% vs. 11% in the oldest age group). The frequency of girls feeling overweight increased moderately with age, from 35% at age 13 y to 50% at age 18 y. The proportion of boys feeling underweight increased more distinctly, from 8% at age 13 y to 29% at age 18 y. Tobacco use and alcohol habits were similar in gender comparisons. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates areas of normative development from early to late adolescence. The striking differences in health perception between girls and boys must be stressed. The results might form a basis for teachers, school health workers, and other health authorities working with adolescents.
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| 38. |
- Holmberg, Lars I., et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral and other characteristics of relevance for health in adolescents with self-perceived sleeping problems
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of adolescent medicine and health. - 0334-0139. ; 20:3, s. 353-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the associations between self-perceived sleeping problems and wide areas of adolescent life. METHODS: All eligible adolescents 13-18 years old (3216 pupils) in a medium-sized town in Sweden completed a validated in-depth questionnaire (Q90), with 165 questions. RESULTS: Nine hundred and thirty-two (29.3%) adolescents (36.3% among girls; 21.9% among boys) reported having poor sleep, combined with daytime tiredness in the vast majority. Significant independent associations in specific age and gender groups were found for 'feeling depressed', breakfast habits, 'I do well in school' (inverse), physical training (inverse), no adult to talk to, having bullied someone, shop-lifting, physical fighting, not feeling healthy, abdominal pain, headache, tobacco use, and sexual experience. CONCLUSIONS: Many of these adolescents feel very poorly, as is evident from the magnitude of the problems. Poor sleepers form an easily recognized group, but it seems unlikely that therapy for sleeping problems alone would be successful in a large proportion of these adolescents.
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| 39. |
- Holmberg, Lars I, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of relevance for health in Turkish and Middle Eastern adolescent immigrants compared to Finnish immigrants and ethnic Swedish teenagers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. - 0041-4301. ; 50:5, s. 418-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to compare sociodemographic conditions and risky/health behaviors affecting Turkish or Middle Eastern versus ethnic Swedes and Finnish immigrant adolescents, respectively. All eligible adolescents 13-18 years old (3,216 pupils) in a medium-sized town in Sweden completed a validated in-depth questionnaire (Q90), with 165 questions. One hundred and one adolescents were Turkish or Middle Eastern immigrants, while 73 were immigrants from Finland, a neighboring country to Sweden. Turkish/Middle Eastern immigrants were more likely to attend a theoretical program in school, were rarely bullied, as compared to ethnic Swedes and Finns. Turkish/Middle Eastern girls used alcohol at a lower frequency, and reported less depression and sexual experiences than ethnic Swedish girls and Finns. A higher frequency of Finnish adolescents had been bullied and had vandalized, and Finnish adolescents were also determined to have used tobacco and cannabis and to be heavy drinkers more frequently than boys from Turkey/the Middle East. We concluded that adolescent immigrants from Turkey and the Middle East seem to be well adapted to Sweden and also have ambitions for a higher education. Differences in risky behaviors were particularly pronounced in comparisons with immigrants from Finland for both boys and girls.
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| 40. |
- Holmberg, Lars I, et al.
(författare)
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Health, health-compromising behavior, risk-taking behavior and sexuality in female and male high school students in vocational compared with theoretical programs in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - 0334-0139. ; 19:4, s. 459-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to determine whether adolescents attending vocational high school programs in Sweden show unhealthy or risky behaviors to a higher extent than those attending theoretical programs, and whether there were gender differences. METHODS: All eligible adolescents 16-18 years old, after exclusion of first- and second-generation immigrants, attending high school (1,332 pupils) in a medium-sized town in Sweden completed a validated in-depth questionnaire (Q90) with 165 questions in the classroom. In comparisons, adjustments were made for socio-demographic variables. RESULTS: A significant difference was found for the variable having at least one parent with university education (odds ratio (OR 0.28) for those attending vocational programs). In girls: have bullied (OR 2.01), eat breakfast all school days (OR 0.31), have shoplifted (OR 3.46), smoking (OR 5.69), and have had more than five sexual partners (OR 4.74) all differed significantly. Some variables with significant differences in boys were; eat fruit or vegetables every day (OR 0.55), feeling depressed (OR 0.62), sports activity at least once a week (OR 0.56), vandalizing (OR 2.11), regular alcohol use (OR 1.44), and contraceptive use at latest sexual intercourse (OR 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that preventive interventional strategies, aimed at improving health maintenance among adolescents should take into consideration the differences between students in vocational and theoretical programs, including the cluster and accumulation of health-risk behaviors.
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| 41. |
- Holmberg, Lars I., et al.
(författare)
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Sexually abused children. Characterization of these girls when adolscents
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 22:2, s. 291-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study associations between sexual abuse of girls in childhood and variables affecting life in adolescence. METHODS: Anonymously, in the class room, all eligible female adolescents 13-18 years old (n = 1,428) in a medium-sized town completed a validated in-depth questionnaire (Q90) with 165 questions. A history of sexual offense was reported by 119 cases (8.3%, mean age 16.0 years). The remaining 1,309 girls (mean age 15.6 years) served as a comparison group. RESULTS: Questions included body perception, health, including psychosomatic symptoms, depression, suicidal thoughts, psychiatric medication, general questions about present life, peer relations, smoking, alcohol use, delinquent behaviors, and sexual behaviors. In most areas, adolescents with a history of sexual offense responded unfavorably compared with the comparison groups. Some examples were that despite a similar body mass index, 47% of the cases felt overweight as against 31% of the remaining adolescents (p = .0001). Among the sexually abused adolescents, self-perceived depression was more common (60% vs. 37%, p = .0001), as was psychiatric medication (10% vs. 2%, p = .0003). Loneliness was reported by 23% of the cases versus 13% (p = .005). Smoking, alcohol use, and minor criminality showed similar results. Sexual risk behaviors, i.e. multiple sexual partners, unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections did not differ between the two groups of girls. CONCLUSION: Many adolescents with a history of childhood sexual offense feel unhappy, as is evident from the magnitude of the problems. This includes many aspects of adolescent life. It seems likely that the problems are at least partially related to sexual abuse in childhood.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Holmgren, Corinne, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency of de novo urgency in 463 women who had undergone the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for genuine stress urinary incontinence-A long-term follow-up
- 2007
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-2115 .- 1872-7654. ; 132:1, s. 121-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To determine risk factors for the appearance of de novo urgency symptoms, and subsequent accompanying problems, after the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in women with stress urinary incontinence. Method A structured preoperative analysis of the incontinence symptoms was made. A mailed questionnaire was distributed to 970 women that underwent the TVT procedure between 1995 and 2001. Average follow-up was 5.2 years (range 2–8 years). The questionnaire included specific questions on current urinary symptoms and incontinence. The disease-specific quality of life instruments IIQ-7 and UDI-6 were used to compare women with, and those without de novo urgency. Results Seven hundred and sixty women (78.3%) responded and 463 of those were identified as genuine stress incontinence preoperatively. De novo urgency occurred in 67 (14.5%) of the women. The frequency was similar irrespective of duration since the TVT procedure. The women that reported de novo urgency symptoms were compared with those without symptoms. Risk factors for occurrence of de novo urgency symptoms were older age (64.7 years versus 60.9 years; p=0.01), parity (2.6 versus 2.3; p=0.05), history of cesarean section (9.5% versus 2.5%; odds ratio 5.4), and history of recurrent urinary infections (29.7% versus 18.8%; odds ratio 1.6, but non-significant. De novo urgency had a severe impact on quality of life, as compared to the remaining study population. Conclusion Old age, parity and history of cesarean section were risk factors for de novo urgency after TVT surgery. Postoperative de novo urgency symptoms are as bothersome for the patient as the preoperative stress urinary incontinence.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Hultcrantz, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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From evidence to policy on a national level : supporting the government’s role in a learning healthcare system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. - 1469-493X. ; 9, s. 190-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In August 2018, the Swedish government appointed a special investigator to support a national ecosystem for evidence-based healthcare. In November 2019, the inquiry received an additional task now focusing on follow-up to enable a more strategic, evidence-based and long-term sustainable management of health care on a national level. Since healthcare systems around the world face similar challenges, we believe the results of the investigation are highly relevant for a broader audience.Objectives: To analyze how governmental agencies can better support a comprehensive follow-up of health care and thereby create a learning system on a national level. This includes following the effects of the government’s initiatives and reforms and analyzing where future governmental interventions are needed.Methods: The investigator and her team have worked with an expert committee including representatives of governmental agencies, healthcare professions and healthcare providers, as well as a reference group of patient representatives. Additional information has been collected through questionnaires, workshops and meetings with stakeholders and other governmental inquiries working on related topics. Background information was collected from published research, governmental reports, existing regulations etc.Results: Although roughly estimated more than 1000 full-time government employees work with followup in Sweden, the quality, effectiveness and equity in health care is not improving at the anticipated rate. Our findings suggest that a co-ordination of the different initiatives is a prerequisite for creating a learning system on a national level. Key challenges arise in the interface between evidence and policy. At the Colloquium, we will present possible solutions to these challenges using the Swedish healthcare system as an example.Conclusions: Although a lot of efforts are made in conducting and developing methods for evidence generation, implementation and follow-up, it is apparent that the full value for patients is not reached. Facilitators are needed for a learning system on a national level, where the government’s initiatives efficiently contribute to an increased quality, effectiveness and equity in health care. Sharing experiences from national efforts can be one way of increasing the understanding of what these facilitators are. Patient or healthcare consumer involvement: We have received valuable input through regular meetings with a reference group of six representatives from different patient organizations throughout the work. The expert committee linked to the investigation also included a patient representative adding important perspectives to the discussions.
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| 46. |
- Karlsteen, Magnus, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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3D printing emphasizes and broadens university programs in physics
- 2017
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Ingår i: AAPT Meeting: 2017 Winter Meeting: Atlanta, Georgia WM17.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new development in our department is that students in physics and teacher training now learn CAD and 3D printing. The teaching is based on a very brief introduction, after which the students will create final products that are later shown to other students and teachers during an exhibition. To further deepen the understanding and maintain the creativity of the students, a room with 3D printers all day accessible is provided. The students learn CAD and 3D printing well. In addition, the students use CAD and 3D printing in advanced experimental courses in physics where they benefit from creating different accessories to experimental setups. The students have also formed their own club for 3D printing to support other students, to produce creative solutions, and to test business ideas. This development has provided the first steps toward a maker movement environment in the teaching lab. We strongly believe in this concept.
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| 47. |
- Liss, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Renal effects of CO2 and iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing renovascular intervention : a prospective, randomized study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. - 1051-0443 .- 1535-7732. ; 16:1, s. 57-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: CO2 gas has been proposed for use instead of iodinated contrast media in angiographic examinations in patients at risk of developing renal failure from contrast media. The influence of intraarterial injection of CO2 with small added amounts of ioxaglate (200 mgI/mL) or ioxaglate alone on renal function in patients with suspected renal artery stenosis was studied in a prospective, randomized study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients underwent renovascular intervention (n = 83) and/or renal angiography (n = 40) for suspected renal artery stenosis. Patients with a serum creatinine concentration less than 200 micromol/L (n = 82) were randomized prospectively to receive CO2 with small added amounts of ioxaglate (n = 37) or only ioxaglate (n = 45). Patients with serum creatinine levels greater than 200 micromol/L (n = 41) were not randomized and initially received CO2. Serum creatinine concentrations were measured within 1 day before and 1 day, 2 days, and 2-3 weeks after the procedure. RESULTS: The amount of injected CO2 did not relate to an increase in serum creatinine level. In the randomized groups, and also when the whole patient sample was considered, the amount of injected iodine was significantly correlated (P = .011) with an increase in serum creatinine level and a decrease in estimated creatinine clearance after 2 days. Among the randomized patients, one in the CO2 group and three in the ioxaglate group had a more than 25% increase in serum creatinine level within the first 2 days after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The risk of impairment of renal function is lower after injection of CO2 with small amounts of added ioxaglate compared with injection of a larger amount of ioxaglate alone. The larger the amount of administered iodinated contrast medium, the greater the risk of development of renal failure.
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| 48. |
- Liu, Su, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Plasmonic Nanospectroscopy of the CO Oxidation Reaction over Single Pt Nanoparticles
- 2019
-
Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 13:5, s. 6090-6100
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing quest to develop single-particle methods for the in situ study of heterogeneous catalysts is driven by the fact that heterogeneity in terms of size, shape, grain structure, and composition is a general feature among nanoparticles in an ensemble. This heterogeneity hampers the generation of a deeper understanding for how these parameters affect catalytic properties. Here we present a solution that in a single benchtop experimental setup combines single-particle plasmonic nanospectroscopy with mass spectrometry for gas phase catalysis under reaction conditions at high temperature. We measure changes in the surface state of polycrystalline platinum model catalyst particles in the 70 nm size range and the corresponding bistable kinetics during the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction via the peak shift of the dark-field scattering spectrum of a closely adjacent plasmonic nanoantenna sensor and compare these changes with the total reaction rate measured by the mass spectrometer from an ensemble of nominally identical particles. We find that the reaction kinetics of simultaneously measured individual Pt model catalysts are dictated by the grain structure and that the superposition of the individual nanoparticle response can account for the significant broadening observed in the corresponding nanoparticle ensemble data. In a wider perspective our work enables in situ plasmonic nanospectroscopy in controlled gas environments at high temperature to investigate the role of the surface state on transition metal catalysts during reaction and of processes such as alloying or surface segregation in situ at the single-nanoparticle level for model catalysts in the few tens to hundreds of nanometer size range.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Murphy, Colin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmonic Temperature-Programmed Desorption
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 21:1, s. 353-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) allows for the determination of the bonding strength and coverage of molecular mono- or multilayers on a surface and is widely used in surface science. In its traditional form using a mass spectrometric readout, this information is derived indirectly by analysis of resulting desorption peaks. This is problematic because the mass spectrometer signal not only originates from the sample surface but also potentially from other surfaces in the measurement chamber. As a complementary alternative, we introduce plasmonic TPD, which directly measures the surface coverage of molecular species adsorbed on metal nanoparticles at ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Using the examples of methanol and benzene on Au nanoparticle surfaces, the method can resolve all relevant features in the submonolayer and multilayer regimes. Furthermore, it enables the study of two types of nanoparticles simultaneously, which is challenging in a traditional TPD experiment, as we demonstrate specifically for Au and Ag.
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