| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Berts, Ida, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling adsorption of albumin with hyaluronan on silica surfaces and sulfonated latex particles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 504, s. 315-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polysaccharides are known to modify binding of proteins at interfaces and this paper describes studies of these interactions and how they are modified by pH. Specifically, the adsorption of human serum albumin on to polystyrene latex and to silica is described, focusing on how this is affected by hyaluronan. Experiments were designed to test how such binding might be modified under relevant physiological conditions. Changes in adsorption of albumin alone and the co-adsorption of albumin and hyaluronan are driven by electrostatic interactions. Multilayer binding is found to be regulated by the pH of the solution and the molecular mass and concentration of hyaluronan. Highest adsorption was observed at pH below 4.8 and for low molecular mass hyaluronan (<= 150 kDa) at concentrations above 2 mg ml(-1). On silica with grafted hyaluronan, albumin absorption is reversed by changes in solvent pH due to their strong electrostatic attraction. Albumin physisorbed on silica surfaces is also rinsed away with dilute hyaluronan solution at pH 4.8. The results demonstrate that the protein adsorption can be controlled both by changes of pH and by interaction with other biological macromolecules.
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| 4. |
- Boge, Lukas, et al.
(författare)
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Peptide-Loaded Cubosomes Functioning as an Antimicrobial Unit against Escherichia coli
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 11:24, s. 21314-21322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dispersions of cubic liquid crystalline phases, also known as cubosomes, have shown great promise as delivery vehicles for a wide range of medicines. Due to their ordered structure, comprising alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, cubosomes possess unique delivery properties and compatibility with both water-soluble and -insoluble drugs. However, the drug delivery mechanism and cubosome interaction with human cells and bacteria are still poorly understood. Herein, we reveal how cubosomes loaded with the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37, a system with high bacteria-killing effect, interact with the bacterial membrane and provide new insights into the eradication mechanism. Combining the advanced experimental techniques neutron reflectivity and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, a mechanistic drug delivery model for LL-37-loaded cubosomes on bacterial mimicking bilayers was constructed. Moreover, the cubosome interaction with Escherichia coli was directly visualized using super-resolution laser scanning microscopy and cryogenic electron tomography. We could conclude that cubosomes loaded with LL-37 adsorbed and distorted bacterial membranes, providing evidence that the peptide-loaded cubosomes function as an antimicrobial unit.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding interactions of plasticisers with a phospholipid monolayer
- 2024
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 20:13, s. 2892-2899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of DEHP (diethylhexyl phthalate) is now banned for most applications in Europe; the exception is for blood bags, where its toxicity is overshadowed by its ability to extend the storage life of red blood cells. Another plasticiser, BTHC (butanoyl trihexyl citrate), is used in paediatric blood bags but does not stabilise blood cells as effectively. Interactions between plasticisers and lipids are investigated with a phospholipid, DMPC, to understand the increased stability of blood cells in the presence of DEHP as well as bioaccumulation and identify differences with BTHC. Mixed monolayers of DMPC and DEHP or BTHC were studied on Langmuir troughs where surface pressure/area isotherms can be measured. Neutron reflection measurements were made to determine the composition and structure of these mixed layers. A large amount of plasticiser can be incorporated into a DMPC monolayer but once an upper limit is reached, plasticiser is selectively removed from the interface at high surface pressures. The upper limit is found to occur between 40–60 mol% for DEHP and 20–40 mol% for BTHC. The areas per molecule are also different with DEHP being in the range of 50–100 Å2 and BTHC being 65–120 Å2. Results indicate that BTHC does not fit as well as DEHP in DMPC monolayers which could help explain the differences observed with regards to the stability of blood cells.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding interactions of plasticisers with a phospholipid monolayer
- 2024
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 20:13, s. 2892-2899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of DEHP (diethylhexyl phthalate) is now banned for most applications in Europe; the exception is for blood bags, where its toxicity is overshadowed by its ability to extend the storage life of red blood cells. Another plasticiser, BTHC (butanoyl trihexyl citrate), is used in paediatric blood bags but does not stabilise blood cells as effectively. Interactions between plasticisers and lipids are investigated with a phospholipid, DMPC, to understand the increased stability of blood cells in the presence of DEHP as well as bioaccumulation and identify differences with BTHC. Mixed monolayers of DMPC and DEHP or BTHC were studied on Langmuir troughs where surface pressure/area isotherms can be measured. Neutron reflection measurements were made to determine the composition and structure of these mixed layers. A large amount of plasticiser can be incorporated into a DMPC monolayer but once an upper limit is reached, plasticiser is selectively removed from the interface at high surface pressures. The upper limit is found to occur between 40-60 mol% for DEHP and 20-40 mol% for BTHC. The areas per molecule are also different with DEHP being in the range of 50-100 Å2 and BTHC being 65-120 Å2. Results indicate that BTHC does not fit as well as DEHP in DMPC monolayers which could help explain the differences observed with regards to the stability of blood cells.
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| 7. |
- Hellsing, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of Aerosol-OT to Sapphire : Lamellar Structures Studied with Neutrons
- 2011
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 27:8, s. 4669-4678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of sodium bis 2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate, NaAOT, to a sapphire surface from aqueous solution has been studied by neutron reflection at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Complementary measurements of the bulk structure were made with small-angle neutron scattering and grazing incidence small-angle neutron scattering. At a concentration of about 1% wt (10 X cmc), lamellar phase NaAOT was observed both at the surface and in the bulk. The structure seen at the interface for a solution of 2% wt NaAOT is a 35 +/- 2 angstrom thick bilayer adsorbed to the sapphire surface at maximum packing density, followed by an aligned stack of fluctuating bilayers of thickness 51 +/- 2 angstrom and with an area per molecule of 40 +/- 2 angstrom(2). Each bilayer is separated by a water: at 25 degrees C, this layer is 148 +/- 2 angstrom. A simple model for the reflectivity from fluctuating layers is presented, and for 2.0% wt NaAOT the fluctuations were found to have an amplitude of 25 +/- 5 angstrom. The temperature sensitivity of the structure at the surface was investigated in the range 15-30 degrees C. The effect of temperature was pronounced, with the solvent layer becoming thinner and the volume occupied by the NaAOT molecules in a bilayer increasing with temperature. The amplitude of the fluctuations, however, is approximately temperature independent in this range. The adsorption of NaAOT at the sapphire surface resembles that previously found at hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica surfaces. The coexisting bulk lamellar phase has a spacing of layers similar to that observed at the surface. These observations are an indication that the major driving force for adsorption is self-assembly, independent of the chemical nature of the interface.
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| 8. |
- Hellsing, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Charged Polystyrene Nanoparticles Near a SiO2/Water Interface
- 2019
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5827 .- 0743-7463. ; 35:1, s. 222-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring is used to investigate the adsorption processes at liquid-solid interfaces and applied increasingly to characterize viscoelastic properties of complex liquids. Here, we contribute new insights into the latter field by using QCM-D to investigate the structure near the interface and the high-frequency viscoelastic properties of charge-stabilized polystyrene particles (radius 37 nm) dispersed in water. The study reveals changes with increasing ionic strength and particle concentration. Replacing water with a dispersion is usually expected to give rise to a decrease in frequency, f. Increases in both f and dissipation, D, were observed on exchanging pure water for particle dispersions at a low ionic strength. The QCM-D data are well-represented by a viscoelastic model, with viscosity increasing from 1.0 to 1.3 mPa s as the particle volume fraction changes from 0.005 to 0.07. This increase, higher than that predicted for noninteracting dispersions, can be explained by the charge repulsion between the particles giving rise to a higher effective volume fraction. It is concluded that the polystyrene particles did not adhere to the solid surface but rather were separated by a layer of pure dispersion medium. The QCM-D response was successfully represented using a viscoelastic Kelvin-Voigt model, from which it was concluded that the thickness of the dispersion medium layer was of the order of the particle-particle bulk separation, in the range of 50-250 nm, and observed to decrease with both particle concentration and addition of salt. Similar anomalous frequency and dissipation responses have been seen previously for systems containing weakly adherent colloidal particles and bacteria and understood in terms of coupled resonators. We demonstrate that surface attachment is not required for such phenomena to occur, but that a viscoelastic liquid separated from the oscillating surface by a thin Newtonian layer gives rise to similar responses.
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| 9. |
- Hellsing, Maja S., 1975-
(författare)
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Adsorption and Ordering of Surface Active Molecules and Particles at Solid Interfaces and in the Bulk
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Factors that influence the process of adsorption and order of dilute and concentrated systems of molecules and particles are explored in this thesis. The results are based largely on neutron scattering techniques. Study of the adsorption from dilute solutions of a common surfactant, AOT (sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate), at a solid/liquid interface showed that AOT molecules adsorbed to the interface in a bilayer structure, with the hydrocarbon tails at maximum packing density even at very low concentrations. At higher AOT concentrations, a stack of fluctuating layers each separated by large amounts of water next to the dense bilayer was seen. The driving force for adsorption is dominated by self-assembly of AOT. It was found that an oriented lamellar phase wets the interface below the bulk concentration for formation of this phase.Proteins can be viewed as polymeric surfactants. The adsorption of proteins from seeds of the Moringa oleifera tree to a silicon oxide surface was studied to elucidate the mechanism of the protein as a flocculent in water treatment processes. The protein was found to adsorb at the interface as dense layers with a thickness suggestive of co-adsorption rather than single isolated molecules. The strong adsorption and tendency to associate in solution suggest mechanisms for flocculating particulate impurities in water.As with surfactants, dispersions of colloidal particles can assemble in regular structures by self-assembly. Polystyrene latex particles were studied and could form large three-dimensional crystals of about 1×1 cm2 in a 2 mm path cell. The diffraction pattern indicated a close packed structure with the 110 axis perpendicular to the container wall. The crystal was well-aligned and oriented by the direction of flow. At the solid interface large two-dimensional domains of about 20 cm2 of highly oriented particles were formed. The particle-particle separation at the surface and in the bulk was determined by the charge repulsion of the particles.
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| 10. |
- Hellsing, Maja S., et al.
(författare)
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Crystalline order of polymer nanoparticles over large areas at solid/liquid interfaces
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 100:22, s. 221601-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the formation of large two-dimensional domains (about 20 cm2) of oriented and ordered structures of polystyrene particles dispersed in water at a solid/liquid interface. Gentle flow of the dispersed sample into the holder at a shear strain rate of about 0.1 s−1 caused particles at the air/latex meniscus to self-assemble in a regular structure on both solid silica or alumina surfaces. Scattering experiments show that the particle separation at the surface was the same as in the bulk and determined by repulsion arising from the charges on the particles. Close-packed planes formed parallel to the interface.
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| 11. |
- Hellsing, Maja S., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Concentration and Addition of Ions on the Adsorption of Aerosol-OT to Sapphire
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:18, s. 14567-14573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerosol-OT (sodium bis 2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate or NaAOT) adsorbs to hydrophilic sapphire solid surfaces The structure of the formed bilayer has been determined over the concentration range 0 2-7 4mM NaAOT It was found that the hydrocarbon tails pack at maximum packing limit at very low concentrations, and that the thickness of the bilayer was concentration-independent The adsorption was found to increase with concentration, with the surfactant molecules packing closer laterally The area per molecule was found to change from 138 +/- 25 to 51 +/- 4 angstrom(2) over the concentration range studied, with the thickness of the layer being constant at 33 2 A Addition of small amounts of salt was found to increase the surface excess, with the bilayer being thinner with a slightly larger area per molecule Addition of different salts of the same valency was found to have a very similiar effect, as had the addition of NaOH and HCl Hence, the effects of adding acid or base should be considered an effect of ionic strength rather than an effect of pH Adsorption of NaAOT to the sapphire surface that carries an opposite charge to the anionic surfactant is similar in many respects to the adsorption reported previously for hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica surfaces This suggests that the adsorption of NaAOT to a sui face is driven primarily by NaAOT self-assembly rather than effects of electrostatic at to the interface
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| 12. |
- Hellsing, Maja S., et al.
(författare)
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Scattering from Dilute and Lamellar Phase Solutions of Aerosol-OT Simultaneous Probe of Surface Structures and Bulk
- 2011
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Ingår i: Trends in colloid andinterface science XXIV. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642190377 ; , s. 139-142
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The benefits of simultaneous studies of adsorbed layers and bulk structures are shown for solutions of the surfactant Aerosol-OT. Above the critical micelle concentration, Aerosol-OT forms an aligned lamellar phase at the sapphire/solution interface which is in equilibrium with a bulk phase that consists of coexisting micellar solution and dispersed lamellar phase. Measurements of the aligned surface layers and the bulk scattering from a 2% wt solution by grazing incidence and small-angle neutron scattering show that the bulk consist of lamellar structures with the same d-spacing as seen at the surface but without the surface induced alignment. The surface lamellar structure corresponds to a 10% volume fraction for a 2% wt bulk which implies that there must be coexistence of regions of different concentration. Scattering patterns measured in grazing incidence geometry clearly show the relative contributions from small-angle scattering and specular reflectivity.
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| 13. |
- Hellsing, Maja S., et al.
(författare)
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Sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances to two types of minerals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 159, s. 385-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) was investigated for two model soil mineral surfaces, alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2), on molecular level using neutron scattering. The PFASs were selected (i.e. perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)) to examine the role of hydrophobic chain length and hydrophilic functional group on their sorption behaviour. All four PFASs were found to sorb to alumina surface (positively charged) forming a hydrated layer consisting of 50% PFASs. The PFAS solubility limit, which decrease with chain length, was found to strongly influence the sorption behaviour. The sorbed PFAS layer could easily be removed by gentle rinsing with water, indicating release upon rainfall in the environment. No sorption was observed for PFOA and PFOS at silica surface (negatively charged), showing electrostatic interaction being the driving force in the sorption process.
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| 14. |
- Hellsing, Maja S., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of a large colloidal crystal : controlling orientation and three-dimensional order
- 2012
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 2:18, s. 7091-7098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three-dimensional crystal structure of charge stabilised polystyrene latex in deionised water was investigated by small-angle neutron diffraction. Crystallisation with a grain size of approximately 1 x 1 cm(2) was observed when the sample was flowed gently in to a 2 mm path cell. Bragg scattering peaks arising from the structure were observed under rotation about three perpendicular axes of the sample. The diffraction patterns indicate clearly that there is a cubic close packed structure with a 110 axis perpendicular to the cell wall. Rotations in small steps show large changes and indicate that the crystal is well oriented and has three-dimensional order. The crystal orientation was controlled by the meniscus and direction of flow when filling the cell.
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| 15. |
- Hellsing, Maja S., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of flocs of latex particles formed by addition of protein from Moringa seeds
- 2014
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 460, s. 460-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteins extracted from the seeds of Moringa trees are effective flocculents for particles dispersed in water and are attractive as a natural and sustainable product for use in water purification. Studies with a model system consisting of polystyrene latex particles have shown that the protein adsorbs to the surface and causes flocculation as unusually dense aggregates. Small-angle neutron scattering that exploits contrast matching of deuterated latex particles dispersed in D2O to highlight bound protein has shown that the adsorbed amount reaches about 3 mg m(-2). The particles form very compact flocs that are characterized by fractal dimensions that approach the theoretical maximum of 3. Ultra small-angle neutron scattering allows these flocs to be characterized for a range of particle and protein concentrations. Proteins from two species of Moringa trees were investigated. The protein from Moringa stenopetala seeds gave rise to slightly lower fractal dimensions compared to Moringa oleifera, but still much larger than values observed for conventional ionic or polymeric flocculents that are in the range 1.75-2.3. Compact flocs are desirable for efficient separation of impurities and dewatering of sludge as well as other applications. A trend of increasing fractal dimension with particle concentration was observed when M. stenopetala seed protein was used and this resembles the behaviour predicted in Brownian dynamics simulation of flocculation. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Kwaambwa, Habauka M., et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of a Water Treatment Protein from Moringa oleifera Seeds to a Silicon Oxide Surface Studied by Neutron Reflection
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:6, s. 3902-3910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extract from the seeds of the Moringa oleifera tree that is principally a low molecular mass protein is known to be efficient as a coagulating agent for water treatment. The present paper investigates the adsorption of the purified protein to silica interfaces in order to elucidate the mechanism of its function as a flocculent. Neutron reflection permits the determination of the structure and composition of interfacial layers at the solid/solution interface. Dense layers of protein with about 5.5 mg m(-2) were found at concentrations above 0.025% wt. The overall thickness with a dense layer in excess of 60 angstrom at 0.05 wt % suggests strong co-operative binding rather than single isolated molecules. All ionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, was also seen to coadsorb. This strong adsorption of protein in combination with the tendency for the protein to associate suggests a mechanism for destabilizing particulate dispersions to provide filterable water. This call occur even for the protein that has previously been identified as being of low mass (about 7 kDaltons) and thus is unlikely to be efficient in bridging or depletion flocculation.
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| 18. |
- Kwaambwa, Habauka M., et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of Moringa oleifera seed protein with a mineral surface and the influence of surfactants
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 448, s. 339-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper describes the adsorption of purified protein from seeds of Moringa olelfera to a sapphire interface and the effects of addition of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SOS) and the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Neutron reflection was used to determine the structure and composition of interfacial layers adsorbed at the solid/solution interface. The maximum surface excess of protein was found to be about 5.3 mg m(-2). The protein does not desorb from the solid/liquid interface when rinsed with water. Addition of SDS increases the reflectivity indicating co-adsorption. It was observed that CTAB is able to remove the protein from the interface. The distinct differences to the behavior observed previously for the protein at the silica/water interface are identified. The adsorption of the protein to alumina in addition to other surfaces has shown why it is an effective flocculating agent for the range of impurities found in water supplies. The ability to tailor different surface layers in combination with various surfactants also offers the potential for adsorbed protein to be used in separation technologies.
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| 19. |
- Kwaambwa, Habauka M., et al.
(författare)
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Salt induced polystyrene latex flocs investigated by neutron scattering
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 505, s. 9-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies with a model system consisting of polystyrene latex particles showed that the protein from seeds of Moringa trees adsorbs to the surface and causes flocculation as unusually dense aggregates. In this study, electrolytes sodium chloride (NaCI), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and aluminium sulfate (Al-2(SO4)(3)) have been used to aggregate model polystyrene particles. The study augments previous work using neutron scattering on the flocculation of polystyrene latex with protein from seeds of Moringa trees that had indicated higher floc dimension, df, values as the concentration of particles increased. The measurements were made using ultra small-angle neutron scattering. Generally the fractal dimension, and thus the floc density, increased with particle concentration and salt concentration. Flocculation was apparent at much lower concentrations of FeCl3 and Al-2(SO4)(3) than of NaCI. The values of df were found not to simply scale with ionic strength for the three electrolytes studied with FeCl3 being the most effective flocculating agent.
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| 20. |
- Nouhi, Shirin, et al.
(författare)
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Grazing-Incidence Small Angle Neutron Scattering from Structures below an Interface
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of applied crystallography. - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 50:4, s. 1066-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes of scattering are observed as the grazing angle of incidence of an incoming beam increases and probes different depths in samples. A model has been developed to describe the observed intensity in grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering (GISANS) experiments. This includes the significant effects of instrument resolution, the sample transmission, which depends on both absorption and scattering, as well as the sample structure. The calculations are tested with self-organised structures of two colloidal samples with different size particles that were measured on two different instruments. The model allows calculations for various instruments with defined resolution and can be used to design future improved experiments. The possibilities and limits of GISANS for different studies are discussed using the model calculations.
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| 21. |
- Nouhi, Shirin, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of perfluoroalkyl substances with a phospholipid bilayer studied by neutron reflectometry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 511, s. 474-481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactions between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and a phospholipid bilayer (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) were investigated at the molecular level using neutron reflectometry. Representative PFASs with different chain length and functional groups were selected in this study including: perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA). All PFASs were found to interact with the bilayer by incorporation, indicating PFAS ability to accumulate once ingested or taken up by organisms. The interactions were observed to increase with chain length and vary with the functional group as SO2NH2" role="presentation">(FOSA) > SO2O−" role="presentation">(PFOS) > COO−(PFNA). The PFAS hydrophobicity, which is strongly correlated with perfluorocarbon chain length, was found to strongly influence the interactions. Longer chain PFASs showed higher tendency to penetrate into the bilayer compared to the short-chain compounds. The incorporated PFASs could for all substances but one (PFNA) be removed from the lipid membrane by gentle rinsing with water (2 mL min−1). Although short-chain PFASs have been suggested to be the potentially less bioaccumulative alternative, we found that in high enough concentrations they can also disturb the bilayer. The roughness and disorder of the bilayer was observed to increase as the concentration of PFASs increased (in particular for the high concentrations of short-chain substances i.e. PFHxA and PFBS), which can be an indication of aggregation of PFASs in the bilayer.
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| 22. |
- Nouhi, Shirin, et al.
(författare)
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Sticking particles to solid surfaces using Moringa oleifera proteins as a glue
- 2018
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 168, s. 68-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental studies have been made to test the idea that seed proteins from Moringa oleifera which are novel, natural flocculating agents for many particles could be used to promote adhesion at planar interfaces and hence provide routes to useful nanostructures. The proteins bind irreversibly to silica interfaces. Surfaces that had been exposed to protein solutions and rinsed were then exposed to dispersions of sulfonated polystyrene latex. Atomic force microscopy was used to count particle density and identified that the sticking probability was close to 1. Measurements with a quartz crystal microbalance confirmed the adhesion and indicated that repeated exposures to solutions of Moringa seed protein and particles increased the coverage. Neutron reflectivity and scattering experiments indicate that particles bind as a monolayer. The various results show that the 2S albumin seed protein can be used to fix particles at interfaces and suggest routes for future developments in making active filters or improved interfaces for photonic devices.
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| 23. |
- Nouhi, Shirin, 1987-
(författare)
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Structure formation at solid/liquid interfaces : Understanding self-assembly and environmental challenges
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work described in the present dissertation has explored the structure of particles and molecules at solid/liquid interfaces, aiming to understand the physics of self-organizing systems and use this knowledge to address some environmental issues. Surface-sensitive neutron scattering techniques, such as reflectometry and grazing incidence small angle scattering, have been used as the primary tool to investigate structures in proximity to an interface. Some of the challenges in the interpretation of neutron scattering data are discussed, and new methods for analyzing the signal have been proposed.It was shown that charged stabilized colloidal particles can self-assemble and form large areas (20 cm2) of crystalline structures, close to a smooth solid surface extending to depths of several micrometers, while orienting themselves into smaller crystallites in the bulk of the suspension. The adsorption of proteins from the seeds of different species of Moringa trees on alumina, silica and polystyrene surfaces was studied, as a means for using proteins from different sources and with different properties, for the water clarification step in the purification process. The seed proteins also showed to enable locking the structure of colloidal particles at the solid/liquid interface, acting as a molecular glue.Perfluorinated surfactants (PFASs), widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical and food packing products, have been identified as emerging pollutants, raising a global concern for the environment and wildlife. The present study has shown how PFASs molecules of different fluorocarbon chain length and with different functional groups, create defects in model membranes by partitioning and removing phospholipids from the bilayer, making the bilayer thin and less dense.The effect of interface roughness was studied on the lamellar structure of a non-ionic surfactant. Concentrated solutions of the surfactant have been shown to form well-ordered and well-aligned structures at a smooth interface, which could be modified further by simply heating the sample. However it was found that even small roughness, of the same order as the bilayer thickness, can distort the structure to a depth of several micrometers from the interface. Heating the sample could improve the alignment but not as much as that formed at a smooth surface.
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| 24. |
- Olsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A holder to rotate sample cells to avoid sedimentation in small-angle neutron scattering and ultra small-angle neutron scattering experiments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Measurement science and technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 24:10, s. 105901-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sedimentation, or creaming, of samples can significantly alter the amount of material in the beam during small-angle scattering experiments. Simple rotating mounts that ameliorate this effect are described and the design criteria are carefully discussed. A modular design permits simple adaptation to various instruments and different sample cells. Temperature control in the range 10 degrees C below ambient to about +40 degrees C has been implemented using air flow and a Peltier device. Example ultra small-angle neutron scattering data are shown that exploit the simplicity of the mounts and the capability to position several samples close together on a translation stage.
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| 25. |
- Olsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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New possibilities using additive manufacturing with materials that are difficult to process and with complex structures
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 92:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (or 3D printing) opens the possibility of creating new designs and manufacturing objects with new materials rapidly and economically. Particularly for use with polymers and polymer composites, simple printers can make high quality products, and these can be produced easily in offices, schools and in workshops and laboratories. This technology has opened a route for many to test ideas or to make custom devices. It is possible to easily manufacture complex geometries that would be difficult or even impossible to create with traditional methods. Naturally this technology has attracted attention in many fields that include the production of medical devices and prostheses, mechanical engineering as well as basic sciences. Materials that are highly problematic to machine can be used. We illustrate process developments with an account of the production of printer parts to cope with polymer fillers that are hard and abrasive; new nozzles with ruby inserts designed for such materials are durable and can be used to print boron carbide composites. As with other materials, complex parts can be printed using boron carbide composites with fine structures, such as screw threads and labels to identify materials. General ideas about design for this new era of manufacturing customised parts are presented.
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| 26. |
- Rennie, Adrian, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Note: Sample cells to investigate solid/liquid interfaces with neutrons
- 2015
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 86:1, s. 016115-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of sample cells to study solid/liquid interfaces by neutron reflection is presented. Use of standardized components and a modular design has allowed a wide range of experiments that include grazing incidence scattering andconventional small-angle scattering. Features that reduce background scattering are emphasized. Various flow arrangements to fill and replenish the liquid in the cell as well as continuous stirring are described.
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| 27. |
- Rennie, Adrian R., et al.
(författare)
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Learning about SANS instruments and data reduction from round robin measurements on samples of polystyrene latex
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of applied crystallography. - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 46:5, s. 1289-1297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of a well-characterized `standard' sample can verify the performance of an instrument. Typically, small-angle neutron scattering instruments are used to investigate a wide range of samples and may often be used in a number of configurations. Appropriate `standard' samples are useful to test different aspects of the performance of hardware as well as that of the data reduction and analysis software. Measurements on a number of instruments with different intrinsic characteristics and designs in a round robin can not only better characterize the performance for a wider range of conditions but also, perhaps more importantly, reveal the limits of the current state of the art of small-angle scattering. The exercise, followed by detailed analysis, tests the limits of current understanding as well as uncovering often forgotten assumptions, simplifications and approximations that underpin the current practice of the technique. This paper describes measurements of polystyrene latex, radius 720 Å, with a number of instruments. Scattering from monodisperse, uniform spherical particles is simple to calculate and displays sharp minima. Such data test the calibrations of intensity, wavelength and resolution as well as the detector response. Smoothing due to resolution, multiple scattering and polydispersity has been determined. Sources of uncertainty are often related to systematic deviations and calibrations rather than random counting errors. The study has prompted development of software to treat modest multiple scattering and to better model the instrument resolution. These measurements also allow checks of data reduction algorithms and have identified how they can be improved. The reproducibility and the reliability of instruments and the accuracy of parameters derived from the data are described.
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| 28. |
- Urimi, Dileep, et al.
(författare)
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Structural Characterization Study of a Lipid Nanocapsule Formulation Intended for Drug Delivery Applications Using Small-Angle Scattering Techniques
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 19:4, s. 1068-1077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) are increasingly being used for various drug delivery applications due to their versatile nature and ability to carry a wide variety of therapeutic drug molecules. In the present investigation, small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS) techniques were used to elucidate the structure of LNCs. Overall, size measurements obtained from SAXS and SANS techniques were complemented with dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy measurements. The structural aspects of LNCs can be affected by drug loading and the properties of the drug. Here, the impact of drug loading on the overall structure was evaluated using DF003 as a model drug molecule. LNCs with varying compositions were prepared using a phase inversion method. Combined analysis of SAXS and SANS measurements indicated the presence of a core-shell structure in the LNCs. Further, the drug loading did not alter the overall core-shell structure of the LNCs. SANS data revealed that the core size remained unchanged with a radius of 20.0 +/- 0.9 nm for unloaded LNCs and 20.2 +/- 0.6 nm for drug-loaded LNCs. Furthermore, interestingly, the shell becomes thicker in an order of similar to 1 nm in presence of the drug compared to the shell thickness of unloaded LNCs as demonstrated by SAXS data. This can be correlated with the strong association of hydrophilic DF003 with Kolliphor HS 15, a polyethylene glycol-based surfactant that predominantly makes up the shell, resulting in a drug-rich hydrated shell.
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