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- Bangsbo, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Copenhagen Consensus statement 2019 : physical activity and ageing
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 53:14, s. 856-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 19th to 22nd November 2018, 26 researchers representing nine countries and a variety of academic disciplines met in Snekkersten, Denmark, to reach evidence-based consensus about physical activity and older adults. It was recognised that the term ‘older adults’ represents a highly heterogeneous population. It encompasses those that remain highly active and healthy throughout the life-course with a high intrinsic capacity to the very old and frail with low intrinsic capacity. The consensus is drawn from a wide range of research methodologies within epidemiology, medicine, physiology, neuroscience, psychology and sociology, recognising the strength and limitations of each of the methods. Much of the evidence presented in the statements is based on longitudinal associations from observational and randomised controlled intervention studies, as well as quantitative and qualitative social studies in relatively healthy community-dwelling older adults. Nevertheless, we also considered research with frail older adults and those with age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and in a few cases molecular and cellular outcome measures from animal studies. The consensus statements distinguish between physical activity and exercise. Physical activity is used as an umbrella term that includes both structured and unstructured forms of leisure, transport, domestic and work-related activities. Physical activity entails body movement that increases energy expenditure relative to rest, and is often characterised in terms of intensity from light, to moderate to vigorous. Exercise is defined as a subset of structured physical activities that are more specifically designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, cognitive function, flexibility balance, strength and/or power. This statement presents the consensus on the effects of physical activity on older adults’ fitness, health, cognitive functioning, functional capacity, engagement, motivation, psychological well-being and social inclusion. It also covers the consensus on physical activity implementation strategies. While it is recognised that adverse events can occur during exercise, the risk can be minimised by carefully choosing the type of activity undertaken and by consultation with the individual’s physician when warranted, for example, when the individual is frail, has a number of co-morbidities, or has exercise-related symptoms, such as chest pain, heart arrhythmia or dizziness. The consensus was obtained through an iterative process that began with the presentation of the state-of-the-science in each domain, followed by group and plenary discussions. Ultimately, the participants reached agreement on the 30-item consensus statements.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hellsten, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Halter av baskatjoner, fosfor och kväve i stubbar i Sverige, Finland och Danmark
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intresset för stubbskörd har ökat kraftigt på senare år, i takt med att efterfrågan på förnyelsebar energi ökat. Idag saknas det information om näringshalter i stubbar för att utröna effekten av stubbuttag på näringsbalans och försurning. Denna studie syftar till att ta fram ett större dataunderlag för halter i stubbar i Sverige, Finland och Danmark. Lokalerna representerar olika nedfallsnivåer, olika markförhållanden samt olika beståndsdata. Studien omfattar granstubbar från Sverige, Finland och Danmark, samt tall- och björkstubbar från Sverige. Följande näringsämnen ingick i studien: kväve (N), fosfor (P), kalcium (Ca), kalium (K), magnesium (Mg) och Natrium (Na). Resultaten indikerade att näringshalten i björkstubbar är högre jämfört med gran och tall. I Sverige och Finland noterades generellt sett högre näringshalter i stubbarna i södra delen av landet jämfört med norra delen, med undantag av fosfor. Näringshalterna är betydligt högre i stubbens och rötternas bark jämfört med veden. Halterna i rötterna ökade signifikant med minskad rotdiameter. För tallstubbarna i Jädraås noterades signifikant minskande näringshalter i stubbarna med åldern upp till 65 år för kväve, kalium, magnesium och fosfor. För Jädraås, som har den största representationen av ståndortsindex, noterades ökande halter med ståndortsindex för fosfor och kalium. Studien har medfört att dataunderlaget för halter i stubbar har ökat väsentligt vilket kan bidra till att minska osäkerheterna i beräkningar av näringsbalansen i skogsmark vid stubbskörd.
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| 4. |
- Hellsten, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrient concentrations in stumps and coarse roots of Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch in Sweden, Finland and Denmark
- 2013
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7042 .- 0378-1127. ; 290, s. 40-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of nutrients in stumps and coarse roots in Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch in Sweden, Finland and Denmark, and to assess how nutrient concentrations vary with site characteristics, stand age and root size. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) in spruce, pine and birch stumps were assessed in eight sites across Scandinavia. Nutrient concentrations were higher in birch than in spruce and pine. In Sweden and Finland, the nutrient concentrations were generally higher at the southern sites than at the sites located in the northern part of the countries, except for P. For all nutrients, concentrations were significantly higher in the bark of the stump and roots than in the wood. Furthermore, nutrient concentrations increased significantly with decreasing root diameter. This study did not demonstrate any correlations with stand age. Further studies are needed to provide a broader picture of how the stump nutrient contents vary with site characteristics and forest management practices to provide a better foundation for nutrient balance calculations when setting up recommendations for stump removal. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Jeppesen, Jan S., et al.
(författare)
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Low energy availability increases immune cell formation of reactive oxygen species and impairs exercise performance in female endurance athletes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Redox Biology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-2317. ; 75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The effects of low energy availability (LEA) on the immune system are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of 14 days of LEA on immune cell redox balance and inflammation at rest and in response to acute exercise, and exercise performance in female athletes. Methods: Twelve female endurance athletes (age: 26.8 +/- 3.4 yrs, maximum oxygen uptake ((V) over dotO(2max)): 55.2 +/- 5.1 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1)) were included in a randomized, single-blinded crossover study. They were allocated to begin with either 14 days of optimal energy availability diet (OEA, 52 +/- 2 kcal x kg fat free mass (FFM)(-1) x day(-1)) or LEA diet (22 +/- 2 kcal x kg FFM-1 x day(-1)), followed by 3 days of refueling (OEA) with maintained training volume. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and plasma obtained at rest before and after each dietary period. The PBMCs were used for analysis of mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission and specific proteins. Exercise performance was assessed on cycle by a 20-min time trial and time to exhaustion at an intensity corresponding to similar to 110 % (V) over dotO(2max)). Results: LEA was associated with a 94 % (P = 0.003) increase in PBMC NADPH oxidase 2 protein content, and a 22 % (P = 0.013) increase in systemic cortisol. LEA also caused an alteration of several inflammatory related proteins (P < 0.05). Acute exercise augmented H2O2 emission in PBMCs (P < 0.001) following both OEA and LEA, but to a greater extent following LEA. LEA also reduced the mobilization of white blood cells with acute exercise. After LEA, performance was reduced in both exercise tests (P < 0.001), and the reduced time trial performance remained after the 3 days of refueling (P < 0.001). Conclusion: 14 days of LEA in female athletes increased cortisol levels and had a pronounced effect on the immune system, including increased capacity for ROS production, altered plasma inflammatory proteome and lowered exercise induced mobilization of leukocytes. Furthermore, LEA resulted in a sustained impairment in exercise performance.
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| 6. |
- Krustrup, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Neuromuscular blockade of slow twitch muscle fibres elevates muscle oxygen uptake and energy turnover during submaximal exercise in humans.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 586:Pt 24, s. 6037-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested the hypothesis that a greater activation of fast-twitch (FT) fibres during dynamic exercise leads to a higher muscle oxygen uptake (VO2 ) and energy turnover as well as a slower muscle on-kinetics. Subjects performed one-legged knee-extensor exercise for 10 min at an intensity of 30 W without (CON) and with (CUR) arterial injections of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent cisatracurium. In CUR, creatine phosphate (CP) was unaltered in slow twitch (ST) fibres and decreased (P < 0.05) by 28% in FT fibres, whereas in CON, CP decreased (P < 0.05) by 33% and 23% in ST and FT fibres, respectively. From 127 s of exercise, muscle VO2 was higher (P < 0.05) in CUR compared to CON (425 +/- 25 (+/- S.E.M.) versus 332 +/- 30 ml min(-1)) and remained higher (P < 0.05) throughout exercise. Using monoexponential fitting, the time constant of the exercise-induced muscle VO2 response was slower (P < 0.05) in CUR than in CON (55 +/- 6 versus 33 +/- 5 s). During CUR and CON, muscle homogenate CP was lowered (P < 0.05) by 32 and 35%, respectively, and also muscle lactate production was similar in CUR and CON (37.8 +/- 4.1 versus 35.2 +/- 6.2 mmol). Estimated total muscle ATP turnover was 19% higher (P < 0.05) in CUR than in CON (1196 +/- 90 versus 1011 +/- 59 mmol) and true mechanical efficiency was lower (P < 0.05) in CUR than in CON (26.2 +/- 2.0 versus 30.9 +/- 1.5%). In conclusion, the present findings provide evidence that FT fibres are less efficient than ST fibres in vivo at a contraction frequency of 1 Hz, and that the muscle VO2 kinetics is slowed by FT fibre activation.
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| 7. |
- Oxfeldt, Mikkel, et al.
(författare)
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Low Energy Availability Followed by Optimal Energy Availability Does Not Benefit Performance in Trained Females
- 2024
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 56:5, s. 902-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Short periods of reduced energy availability are commonly undertaken by athletes to decrease body mass, possibly improve the power-to-mass ratio, and enhance physical performance. Our primary aim was to investigate the impact of 10 d of low energy availability (LEA) followed by 2 d of optimal energy availability (OEA) on physical performance parameters in trained females. Second, physiological markers at the whole-body and molecular level related to performance were evaluated. Methods: Thirty young trained eumenorrheic females were matched in pairs based on training history and randomized to a 10-d intervention period of LEA (25 kcal.fat-free mass (FFM)(-1).d(-1)) or OEA (50 kcal.FFM-1.d(-1)) along with supervised exercise training. Before the intervention, participants underwent a 5-d run-in period with OEA + supervised exercise training. After the LEA intervention, 2 d of recovery with OEA was completed. Participants underwent muscle biopsies, blood sampling, physical performance tests, body composition measurements, and resting metabolic rate measurements. A linear mixed model was used with group and time as fixed effects and subject as random effects. Results: Compared with OEA, LEA resulted in reduced body mass, muscle glycogen content, repeated sprint ability, 4-min time-trial performance, and rate of force development of the knee extensors (absolute values; P < 0.05). Two days of recovery restored 4-min time-trial performance and partly restored repeated sprint ability, but performance remained inferior to the OEA group. When the performance data were expressed relative to body mass, LEA did not enhance performance. Conclusions: Ten days of LEA resulted in impaired performance (absolute values), with concomitant reductions in muscle glycogen. Two days of recovery with OEA partially restored these impairments, although physical performance (absolute values) was still inferior to being in OEA. Our findings do not support the thesis that LEA giving rise to small reductions in body mass improves the power-to-mass ratio and thus increases physical performance.
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| 8. |
- Stefansdottir, Halla Steinunn, et al.
(författare)
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The Degree Project: An Evaluation from Within
- 2024
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Ingår i: Konstuniversitetet-högskolepedagogiska betraktelser. - 9789188409348 ; , s. 113-133
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter builds on a quality assessment of my teaching during the preparation seminars for the ‘degree project’ at the Malmö Academy of Music (hereafter: MAM). The evaluation is extended to review the way the course functioned on the basis of John Biggs’ (2003) theories on ‘constructive alignment’. As a result, this chapter also problematises the design of such coursework at a broader structural level while at the same time suggesting future initiatives for the ongoing development of Higher Music Education (hereafter: HME).
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