| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Adolfsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 2005 : Data from the national prostate cancer register in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - Stockholm : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 456-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. Material and methods. Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. Results. In total, 72 028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of >100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score ≤6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged ≥75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. Conclusions. All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
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| 3. |
- Adolfsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 2005
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 456-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. RESULTS: In total, 72,028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of > 100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score <6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged > or =75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. CONCLUSIONS: All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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| 4. |
- Guzzi, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Pseudouridylation of tRNA-Derived Fragments Steers Translational Control in Stem Cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 173:5, s. 26-1216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pseudouridylation (Ψ) is the most abundant and widespread type of RNA epigenetic modification in living organisms; however, the biological role of Ψ remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a Ψ-driven posttranscriptional program steers translation control to impact stem cell commitment during early embryogenesis. Mechanistically, the Ψ “writer” PUS7 modifies and activates a novel network of tRNA-derived small fragments (tRFs) targeting the translation initiation complex. PUS7 inactivation in embryonic stem cells impairs tRF-mediated translation regulation, leading to increased protein biosynthesis and defective germ layer specification. Remarkably, dysregulation of this posttranscriptional regulatory circuitry impairs hematopoietic stem cell commitment and is common to aggressive subtypes of human myelodysplastic syndromes. Our findings unveil a critical function of Ψ in directing translation control in stem cells with important implications for development and disease. Translational control in stem cells is orchestrated by pseudouridylation of specific tRNA-derived fragments, impacting stem cell commitment during key developmental processes.
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| 5. |
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Tron är mitt lokalbatteri : religion och religiositet i August Strindbergs liv och verk
- 2012
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tron är mitt lokalbatteri skriver August Strindberg i boken Ensam - ett av de sista verken. Tron tar sig många uttryck och strömkällan ger kraft till en mängd olika texter. Citatet ger en ingång till flera av dessa berättelser, och till berättelsen om Strindberg som sökare, mystiker, ateist och kristen. Bilden är mångskiftande.Till Damaskus, En Blå bok, Påsk, Mäster Olof, Giftasnovellerna, Sagospelen och Kammarspelen är några av de texter som betraktas ur detta perspektiv, men även hans tid i Frankrike, hans relation till den katolska kyrkan och till andra författare såsom Emanuel Swedenborg och Carl von Linne.Ett flertal författare och forskare som under lång tid arbetat med Strindbergs verk och liv medverkar. Avslutar gör biskop em Caroline Krook med en personlig betraktelse över det religiösa sökande som ses i August Strindbergs verk.
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| 6. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 7. |
- Aksyutina, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Lithium isotopes beyond the drip line
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 666:5, s. 430-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unbound isotopes 10Li, 12Li and 13Li have been observed after nucleon-knockout reactions at relativistic energies with 11Li and 14Be beams impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. The channels , and were analysed in the ALADIN-LAND setup at GSI. The 10Li data confirm earlier findings, while the 12Li and 13Li nuclei were observed for the first time. The relative-energy spectrum shows that the ground state of 12Li can be described as a virtual s-state with a scattering length of -13.7(1.6) fm. A broad energy spectrum was found for the channel. Based on the assumption that the relative-energy spectrum is dominated by a correlated background presumably stemming from initial correlations in the 14Be ground-state, evidence for a 13Li resonance at 1.47(31) MeV above the threshold with a width around 2 MeV has been found.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, C G, et al.
(författare)
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Islands of high-spin yrast isomers
- 1978
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics, Section A. - 0375-9474. ; 309, s. 141-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Henrik
(författare)
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Development of Process Technology for Photon Radiation Measurement Applications
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents work related to new types of photo detectors and their applications. The focus has been on the development of process technology and methods by means of experimentation and measurements. The overall aim has been to develop and improve photon radiation measurement applications which are possible to manufacture using standard Si processing technology. A new type of position sensitive detector that has switching possibilities based on the MOS principle has been fabricated and characterized. The influence of mechanical stress on the linearity of position sensitive detectors has been investigated. The results show that mechanical stress arising, for example, by the mounting of detectors in capsules can have an impact on device performance. Under normal circumstances these effects are rather small, but are considered to be worthwhile taking into account. Electroless deposition of Nickel including various dopants in porous silicon was performed to manufacture electrical contacts for this interesting material. After heat treatment it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction that Nickel silicide had been formed and I-V measurements show that different contacts exhibit Ohmic and rectifying behaviour. Spectrometers are used extensively in the process and food industry to measure both the chemical content and the amount of substances used during manufacturing. These instruments are often rather bulky and costly, though the trend is towards smaller and more portable equipment. A spectrometer based on an array of Fabry-Perot interferometers mounted close to an array detector is shown to be a viable option for the manufacture of a very compact device. Such a device has minimal intermediate optics and it may be possible, in the future, for it to be developed and completely integrated with a detector array into a single unit.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Heating and cooling with UTES in Sweden : current situation and potential market development
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Warszawa : PW Publishing House. - 8372074356 ; , s. 207-215
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Underground Thermal Energy Storage (UTES) applications have slowly gained acceptance on the Swedish energy market. Two UTES concepts are successfully implemented; the ATES (aquifer storage) and the BTES (borehole storage) systems. Also snow storage in pits or caverns has reached a commercial status. The number of ATES has steadily grown to 40 large-scale plants at the end of 2002. The systems are usually designed for cold storage in district cooling application, but industrial process cooling is also common. The economical potential in terms of straight payback time is usually very favourable. However, there is still a certain risk for operational problems that might jeopardize the calculated profit. Well clogging problems and system control remain as R&D issues to be solved. From a legislation point of view any ATES application needs a permit. The process of obtaining a permit has become complex and time-consuming since a new act on environmental assessment was put into effect in 1999.BTES systems are normally used in smaller applications. At the end of 2002 there were more than 200 installations comprising more than 10 boreholes. The majority of these are applied for space cooling of commercial or institutional buildings and for process cooling within the telecommunication sector. From a technical point of view, BTES are much simpler to construct and operate than ATES. Furthermore, they can be applied in almost any kind of geology. Another advantage compared to ATES is that the permitting procedure is much simpler. The major market obstacle is that the profitability is not always acceptable if calculated as a straight payback time. To increase the market potential, there is a need for further R&D on improvement of borehole heat exchangers and of more effective drilling methods.Snow storage is still a new technology though the Sundsvall snow storage plant has been operated successfully for several years. This good example has inspired several pre-studies of new snow storage plants. These have shown that snow storage is feasible in various sizes and in different applications.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, O., et al.
(författare)
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Recent UTES development in Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Stuttgart : Universität Stuttgart. - 3980527417 ; , s. 75-80
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bru, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of the mechanical and fracture properties of a uni-weave carbon fibre/epoxy non-crimp fabric composite
- 2016
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 6, s. 680-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A complete database of the mechanical properties of an epoxy polymer reinforced with uni-weave carbon fibre non-crimp fabric (NCF) is established. In-plane and through-the-thickness tests were performed on unidirectional laminates under normal loading and shear loading. The response under cyclic shear loading was also measured. The material has been characterised in terms of stiffness, strength, and failure features for the different loading cases. The critical energy release rates associated with different failure modes in the material were measured from interlaminar and translaminar fracture toughness tests. The stress–strain data of the tensile, compressive, and shear test specimens are included. The load–deflection data for all fracture toughness tests are also included. The database can be used in the development and validation of analytical and numerical models of fibre reinforced plastics (FRPs), in particular FRPs with NCF reinforcements.
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| 15. |
- Chaesson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Conformal flow models for warm and cold storage in aquifers
- 1992
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. - 0146-955X. ; 4, s. 125-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents the thermohydraulic models for aquifer thermal energy storage developed by the Lund Group for Ground Heat. The basic assumption is that the aquifer is horizontally homogeneous and that the groundwater flow is two-dimensional without a vertical component. The groundwater flow field is then given by an analytical function, or conformal transformation, which is obtained from the positions of the well, the pumping rates, and the regional flow. The first set of PC models concerns the groundwater flow and the motion of thermal fronts for any set of wells and a regional flow. The flow field, with streamlines and stagnation points, is presented graphically on the screen. The motion of the thermal fronts is determined by particle tracking. These interactive models have proven to be very convenient and useful design tools. The complete three-dimensional thermal process is solved in the second set of PC models. The groundwater flow is again given by the explicit analytical formulas, while the thermal process is solved numerically. The coupled groundwater and the heat flow process in the aquifer is dealt with using a new entropy-conservation technique. The models are carefully documented and available on PC. They have been validated against a few field experiments and they are used extensively for design studies
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| 16. |
- Claesson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical Studies of the Influence of Regional Groundwater Flow by on the Performance of Borehole Heat Exchangers
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings : TERRASTOCK 2000, 8th International Conference on Thermal Energy Storage.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a new analytical solution for the influence of regional groundwater flow on the performance of borehole heat exchangers. The solution concerns a vertical borehole. The transient thermal response for the fundamental case of a step-change in heat injection rate is given. The solution is remarkably simple and the formulas quite handy considering the complexity of the convective-diffusive heat flow process. The influence on the required borehole length for a ground-coupled heat pump is discussed.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Claesson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Forced convective-diffusive heat flow in insulations : a new analytical technique applied to air leakage through a slit
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Thermal Insulation and Building Envelopes. - : SAGE Publications. - 1065-2744. ; 18:3, s. 216-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forced convective-diffusive heat flow in porous insulation materials is governed by an equation for the air pressure distribution with an ensuing air flow and a heat equation with convection and diffusion. The pressure equation for a homogeneous material may be solved analytically with simple geometries and boundary conditions. The new technique uses a transformed form of the convective-diffusive equation for which the awkward first-order derivatives of the temperature (the convective part) are removed. New explicit solutions for certain two-dimensional, steady-state cases may be derived. The considered example concerns air leakage through an insulation which is open on one side and airtight on the other except for an open slit. Air infiltrates through the slit and leaves through the open side. The solution gives the complete pressure and temperature fields. The extra heat loss due to air leakage is given by an explicit expression which contains only a single, dimensionless parameter.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Claesson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Markvärme en handbok om termiska analyser: en handbok om termiska analyser : Del 1-3
- 1985
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Handbok i 3 delar (1. Allmän del. 2. Värmelager. 3. Naturvärmekällor) som behandlar termiska analyser av markvärmesystem - energikälla eller energilager. Värmesystemet kan vara jord, berg eller grundvatten. Värmeförluster och andra termiska prestanda, temperaturpåverkan på omgivningen, lämpliga röravstånd, brunnskonfigurationer, återladdning m m behandlas.
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| 23. |
- Claesson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Multipole method to calculate borehole thermal resistances in a borehole heat exchanger
- 2011
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Ingår i: HVAC&R Research. - 1078-9669. ; 17:6, s. 895-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground-source heat pump systems use borehole heat exchangers to transfer heat to and from the ground. An important feature is the local thermal resistances between the heat carrier flow channels in the borehole and the surrounding ground. The counter-flow heat exchange between the pipes is also important, particularly for the axial temperature variation. These resistances can be represented by a thermal network between the pipes and the ground. The borehole thermal resistance is readily obtained from the network. A fairly intricate mathematical algorithm, the multipole method, to compute the temperature fields and, in particular, the thermal resistances is presented. This article focuses on the application of the model, leaving the detailed mathematics to a background report. The formulas and methodology required for any particular case are presented in detail. The multipole method gives a solution with very high, and easily verified, accuracy for the steady-state heat conduction in a region perpendicular to the borehole axis. It is fairly straightforward to implement the algorithm in any design software. The computational time requirements are negligible.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Dalenbäck, J-O, et al.
(författare)
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Solar heated residential area Anneberg
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings Third ISES Europe Solar Congress. - : International Solar Energy Society.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A solar heated area comprising 50 residential units is under construction. The system includes low-temperature space heating with seasonal ground storage of solar heat. Heating is supplied by 2 400 m{sup 2} of solar collectors and individual electrical heaters for supplementary heating. During the summer part of collected heat is stored in a borehole store with 100 boreholes drilled to 65 m depth. The groundwater-filled boreholes are fitted with double U-tubes. The average temperature of the seasonal store, about 60,000 m{sup 3} of crystalline rock, varies between 30 and 45 deg. C over the year. A floor heating system designed for a supply temperature of 32 deg. C provides space heating. The system is also equipped with buffer tanks for pre-heating of domestic hot water. The collectors will have favourable working conditions but the store is rather small and the estimated heat loss from the heat store is about 40% of collected solar heat. The average solar fraction is estimated to 70% and the resulting total heating cost is estimated to about 1 000 SEK/MWh ({approx}120{open_square}/MWh).
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| 29. |
- Doughty, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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A dimensionless parameter approach to the thermal behavior of an aquifer thermal energy storage system
- 1982
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Ingår i: Water resources research. - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 18:3, s. 571-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To predict the performance of an aquifer thermal energy system, an understanding of the system`s hydrothermal behavior is needed.^ One possibility is to run a detailed numerical simulation of the system.^ However, for a single-well system in which fluid flow is limited to steady radial flow, a characterization scheme based on a set of four dimensionless parameter groups allows production temperatures and energy recovery factors to be read from graphs.^ The assumption of radial fluid flow is valid when buoyancy flow can be neglected and a well is fully screened in a horizontal aquifer which is confined above and below by impermeable layers.^ Criteria for little buoyancy flow include a low permeability or vertically stratified aquifer, a small temperature difference between injected and ambient water, and short cycle length.^ The basic energy transport equations for the aquifer-confining layer system with steady radial fluid flow in the aquifer are nondimensionalized to derive the key parameter groups.^ Next a numerical model which calculates the heat transfer in the aquifer and confining layers for an injection-storage-production cycle is run for a range of values of these groups.The calculated production temperatures and energy recovery factors are then presented graphically as a function of the parameter groups.^ Comparisons between results of field experiments and recovery factors read from the graphs show good agreement.
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| 30. |
- Doughty, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Steady flow model user`s guide
- 1984
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sophisticated numerical models that solve the coupled mass and energy transport equations for nonisothermal fluid flow in a porous medium have been successfully used to match analytical results as well as field data for aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems.^Generally these models are expensive and time-consuming to use.^Typically an ATES study is concerned primarily with energy balances and heat flows.^Often the fluid flow field is simple and reaches steady-state rapidly.^As an alternative for this sort of ATES problem the Steady Flow Model (SFM), a simplified but fast numerical model, has been developed.^Rather than solving the mass transport equation to obtain a fluid flow field that varies with time, a steady purely radial flow field is prescribed in the aquifer, and incorporated into the heat transport equation which is then solved numerically.^While the radial flow assumption limits the range of ATES systems that can be studied using the SFM, it greatly simplifies use of this code.^The preparation of input is quite simple compared to that for a sophisticated coupled mass and energy model, and the cost of running the SFM is far cheaper as well.^Furthermore, the simple flow field allows use of a special calculational mesh that eliminates the numerical dispersion usually associated with the numerical solution of convection problems.^The present report defines the problem considered, briefly outlines the algorithm used to solve it, then describes the input and output for the SFM.
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| 31. |
- Ehrsson, Ylva Tiblom, et al.
(författare)
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Explorative study on the predictive value of systematic inflammatory and metabolic markers on weight loss in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 18:11, s. 1385-1391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study aimed to explore the predictive value of systematic inflammatory and metabolic markers in head and neck (H&N) cancer patients during radiotherapy (RT). Methods Twenty-seven patients were evaluated. The protocol included serial blood tests [highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), albumin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and ghrelin], measurements of body weight and assessment of oral mucositis. Results The mean nadir of weight loss was observed at the end of RT. At the time of diagnosis, mean hsCRP was 5.2 +/- 1.0 mg/L. HsCRP significantly increased during RT and decreased during the post-RT period. Mean maximum hsCRP was 35.8 +/- 8.5 mg/L, with seven patients reaching >40 mg/L. A numerical decrease of albumin (by 18.2%) and only small changes in IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and ghrelin levels were observed. None of the metabolic parameters was significantly associated with weight loss. Conclusions HsCRP increased in response to RT for H&N cancer as a sign of irradiation-induced inflammation. Weight loss was not preceded by changes of the metabolic parameters, indicating that assessment of the blood markers used in this study is of little value. Regular body weight measurement and assessment of oral mucositis are feasible, cheap and important procedures to control the metabolic homeostasis during RT.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Erlandsson, Bitte, et al.
(författare)
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Installation av filter mot surt brunnsvatten : en bra åtgärd?
- 1993
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Ingår i: Grundvatten. - 0282-0102. ; :1, s. 14-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avsyrningsfilter tar i allmänhet bort de problem som orsakas av surt brunnsvatten. Detta trots att pH-värdet ofta inte höjs tillräckligt enligt de gränsvärden som finns. Det visar en undersökning som SGU genomfört på ett sjuttiotal filter som är installerade i hushåll med egna brunnar.
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| 35. |
- Fransson, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Ett klimatneutralt Kiruna 2025 med hjälp av spillvärme
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den pågående stadsomvandlingen i Kiruna, att en stor del av staden måste flyttastill följd av LKAB:s fortsatta gruvverksamhet, skapar möjligheter att etablera etteffektivare energisystem och bidra till att uppnå stadens klimatmål. I dag tillgodosescirka 15% av stadens fjärrvärmebehov med restvärme från LKAB och målsättningenpå sikt är att nå 100% restvärme i systemet. Investeringsbeslut som togs 2021kommer att resultera i en ökning av restvärmeandelen på upp mot 70% till 2024 dåLKAB frigör högvärdig restvärme genom att internt ta tillvara på lågtempereradvärme. För att öka andelen restvärme ytterligare finns ett behov av att lagra värmefrån sommarperioden då det finns ett överskott till vinterperioden när behovet ärsom störst.I projektet skapas en helhetsbild av restvärmelösningen i Kiruna frånsamspel mellan aktörer till teknik vilket genererar ny kunskap om effektivenergiomställning till hållbara städer med restvärmeåtervinning.Det finns flera alternativ för termiska säsongslager vars tillämplighet baseras påtermogeologisk förutsättningar. Borrhålslager och bergrumslager valdes ut förvidare analys givet förutsättningarna i Kiruna. Genom energisystemmodelleringoptimerades Kirunas fjärrvärmesystem fram till år 2040 genom scenarioanalys. Medett energilager i systemet möjliggörs att en större mängd restvärme kan användastotalt sett över året och särskilt minskar det behovet av värmeproduktion underperioden med störst värmebehov (vintermånaderna), vilket innebär minskadanvändning av spetslastpannor. En nyttokostnadsanalys genomfördes på tvåmodellscenarier.Båda scenarierna resulterar i ekonomiska kostnadsbesparingar ochminskade externa kostnader (förbättrad folkhälsa som minskar till exempel uteblivetarbete, sjukvårdskostnader och förtidiga dödsfall) jämfört med referensscenariet, attinte uppföra ett energilager.Ett energilager, borrhålslager och bergrumslager, i storleksordningarna 30 GWh och20 MW simulerades i Kirunas fjärrvärmesystem. Baserat på det värmebehov ochrestvärmeleverans som ligger till grund för lagersimuleringar visar resultaten pågod prestanda framför allt för ett borrhålslager kombinerat med värmepumpar. Förde simulerade alternativen, samt ett jämförelsealternativ med en biobränslepanna,togs investeringskalkyler fram som visade på en övervägande positiv kalkyl för ettborrhålslager med värmepumpar.Totalinvesteringen för alternativet med borrhåloch värmepump uppgår till ca. 300 Mkr. Borrhål och värmeväxlare är ungefär 1/3 avinvestering, värmepumpskostnad 1/3 och resterande projektkostnader ochinstallation. Återbetalningstiden är drygt 9 år. Investeringskostnaden för anläggningav bergrumslager är hög vilket försämrar lönsamheten. Troligen skulle investeringskostnaden vara betydligt lägre om befintlig geologisk formation finnstillgänglig att konvertera till energilager. Sådan formation har inte identifierats idetta projekt men givet Kirunas långa gruvverksamhet är det möjligt att fleralternativ finns som skulle kunna utredas.Underlaget som är framtaget inom ramarna för detta projekt pekar på att ettsäsongsenergilager för att ta tillvara på mer restvärme är den långsiktigt optimala lösningen för Kirunas värmeförsörjning. En initial uppskattning av tidplan visar påatt ett sådant lager skulle kunna tas i drift 2028. För det valda energilagret har enhandlingsplan tagits fram som visar nästa steg som behöver tas i Kiruna för attkomma närmare att realisera energilagret och därmed kunna nyttja mer restvärme.Lågtempererad fjärrvärme har diskuterats länge i Kiruna. Kombination med ettenergilager och lägre framledningstemperatur skulle vara gynnsamt eftersomurladdningstemperaturen från energilagret inte skulle behöva höjas lika mycket.Skulle Kiruna i ett senare skede, efter att energilagret har uppförts, sänkatemperaturen i nätet skulle det för ett borrhålslager med värmepumpar innebära etteffektivare och lönsammare system. Framför allt skulle mindre el behövas tillvärmepumparna vilket är gynnsamt givet Kiruna Krafts ambitioner om att minskaandelen el som går åt till värmeförsörjningen.Det finns en stor outnyttjad restvärmepotential i Sverige och Europa. Genom enfallstudie av Kiruna har lärdomar för andra städer om effektiv integrering avrestvärme genererats. Framgångsfaktorerna i Kiruna och lösningar påförekommande hinder kan hjälpa andra städer att etablera ett effektivt ochlångvarigt samspel kring industriell restvärme. Att initialt fokusera på att bygga enrelation mellan parterna och etablera förtroende är en viktig nyckel för att kunnaidentifiera lösningar på andra förekommande barriärer. Flera ekonomiska barriärerhar haft stor påverkan och de har lösts genom transparens i kalkylerna, med ettgemensamt uppsatt mål att samarbetet inte ska påverka stadens invånareekonomiskt och genom statligt finansieringsstöd.En viktig framgångsfaktor har varit etablerandet av en strategisk samarbetsplattform som garanterat enkontinuerlig dialog. En kontinuerlig dialog krävs dels under etablerandet avsamarbetet men är lika viktig under pågående leverans för att inte riskera att tappabort relationen och förtroenden.För att identifiera vilka faktorer som kan påverka att innovativa energilösningarimplementeras för restvärmeåtervinning har projektet gjort en jämförande analys avbeslutsprocessen vid valet av fjärrvärmeteknik i Nya Kiruna Centrum ochBrunnshög i Lund. Beslutsprocessen resulterade i konventionell fjärrvärmeteknik tillNya Kiruna Centrum och ett lågtempererat fjärrvärmesystem i Brunnshög. Eninnovativ målsättning, särskilt i de externa direktiven, kunskap omrestvärmeåtervinning, antingen internt eller hos en långvarig samarbetspartner ochen holistisk syn på staden där många aktörer engageras för att man bättre ska kunnaförutse förändringar på lång sikt har identifierats som viktiga. För effektivenergiomställning av städer med restvärmeintegrering behöverrestvärmepotentialen kartläggas och inkluderas i stadens energiplanering i ett tidigtskede och i samverkan med relevanta aktörer. Energiplaneringen bör ske samtidigtsom, och i samråd med, andra större förändringar i staden för att undvikasuboptimala system där energieffektiviseringsprincipen inte tillämpas.
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| 36. |
- Gehlin, Signhild, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of four models for thermal response test evaluation
- 2003
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Ingår i: ASHRAE Transactions. - 0001-2505. ; 109, s. 135-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four two-variable parameter estimation models for evaluation of thermal response test data are compared when applied on the same temperature response data. Two models are based on line-source theory, the third model is a cylinder-source-based solution, and the fourth is a numerical one-dimensional finite difference model. The data sets contain measured temperature response, heat load, and undisturbed ground temperature from three thermal response tests, together with physical data of the tested borehole heat exchangers (BHE). The models estimate ground thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of the BHE and are compared regarding test length and data interval used. For the three defined data sets, the line source approximation model shows the closest agreement with the measured temperature response. The cylinder source and numerical models show sensitivity to the inclusion of early data. A recommended minimum response test duration of 50 hours is concluded from the model comparison
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| 37. |
- Gehlin, S E A, et al.
(författare)
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Influence on thermal response test by groundwater flow in vertical fractures in hard rock
- 2003
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 28:14, s. 2221-2238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper different approaches to groundwater flow and its effect in the vicinity of a borehole ground heat exchanger are discussed. The common assumption that groundwater flow in hard rock may be modelled as a homogeneous flow in a medium with an effective porosity is confronted and models for heat transfer due to groundwater flow in fractures and fracture zones are presented especially from a thermal response test point of view. The results indicate that groundwater flow in fractures even at relatively low specific flow rates may cause significantly enhanced heat transfer, although a continuum approach with the same basic assumptions would suggest otherwise. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Gehlin, S E A, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of the thermosiphon effect on the thermal response test
- 2003
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 28:14, s. 2239-2254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The issue of natural and forced groundwater movements, and its effect on the performance of ground heat exchangers is of great importance for the design and sizing of borehole thermal energy systems (BTESs). In Scandinavia groundwater filled boreholes in hard rock are commonly used. In such boreholes one or more intersecting fractures provide a path for groundwater flow between the borehole and the surrounding rock. An enhanced heat transport then occurs due to the induced convective water flow, driven by the volumetric expansion of heated water. Warm groundwater leaves through fractures in the upper part of the borehole while groundwater of ambient temperature enters the borehole through fractures at larger depths. This temperature driven flow is referred to as thermosiphon, and may cause considerable increase in the heat transport from groundwater filled boreholes. The thermosiphon effect is connected to thermal response tests, where the effective ground thermal conductivity is enhanced by this convective transport. Strong thermosiphon effects have frequently been observed in field measurements. The character of this effect is similar to that of artesian flow through boreholes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Grudén, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Safety of a Novel Weight Loss Combination Product Containing Orlistat and Acarbose.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2160-763X .- 2160-7648. ; 10:10, s. 1242-1247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safety of a novel modified-release oral capsule with orlistat and acarbose (MR-OA) was investigated in 67 obese middle-aged White men with a body mass index of 32 to 40 kg/m2 or 30 to 32 kg/m2 plus waist circumference >102 cm. The purpose of this investigation was to compare MR-OA with the existing conventional orlistat regarding systemic safety defined as plasma orlistat concentration at the end of the treatment period of 14 days. Participants took the MR-OA fixed-dose combination formulation 3 times a day together with a major meal. Three different doses of MR-OA were evaluated-60/20, 90/30, and 120/40 (mg orlistat/mg acarbose)-as well as 1 reference group who received the conventional orlistat, Xenical, with 120 mg of orlistat. Blood plasma was sampled on days 1 and 14. The orlistat plasma concentrations of the MR-OA dose showed a delayed absorption and were lower compared with conventional orlistat at the end of the study. All doses were safe and well tolerated without any unexpected adverse events and no serious adverse events. The delay in the rise of orlistat plasma concentration indicates that the modified-release properties of the MR-OA formulation are effective. The systemic exposure of orlistat resulting from MR-OA was similar, albeit a bit lower than the conventional orlistat with 120 mg of orlistat. We can therefore assume that the safety profile regarding the orlistat moiety of MR-OA is comparable to the conventional orlistat and a promising approach for weight control in obese patients. Further clinical evaluation is underway.
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| 41. |
- Grönqvist, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Association between visual impairment and functional and morphological cerebral abnormalities in full-term children
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 79:2, s. 140-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To characterise the nature and degree of ocular disorders and cerebral morphological and functional abnormalities in a population-based group of visually impaired full-term pre-school children. Methods: Forty-five children who were born at full-term between 1989 and 1995 in Varmland, Sweden, were reported as being visually impaired. An ophthalmological examination was performed and clinical data regarding mental development and neurological disease were obtained for all children. Cerebral imaging was performed in 35 children, Results: Twenty-six per cent of the children were found to have ocular disorders only. Forty-two per cent had cerebral morphological abnormalities, verified by cerebral imaging, and 65% had signs of cerebral functional abnormalities. In total, 74% were found to have cerebral morphological and/or cerebral functional abnormalities. Conclusion: The majority of children with visual impairment, including children with ocular disorders, were found to have cerebral morphological and/or cerebral functional abnormalities. We suggest that any child with visual impairment should therefore undergo cerebral imaging and be examined by a paediatrician in order to establish the correct diagnosis.
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| 42. |
- Gustafsson, Anna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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CFD-modelling of natural convection in a groundwater-filled borehole heat exchanger
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 30:6-7, s. 683-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In design of ground-source energy systems the thermal performance of the borehole heat exchangers is important. In Scandinavia, boreholes are usually not grouted but left with groundwater to fill the space between heat exchanger pipes and borehole wall. The common U-pipe arrangement in a groundwater-filled BHE has been studied by a three-dimensional, steady-state CFD model. The model consists of a 3 m long borehole containing a single U-pipe with surrounding bedrock. A constant temperature is imposed on the U-pipe wall and the outer bedrock wall is held at a lower constant temperature. The occurring temperature gradient induces a velocity flow in the groundwater-filled borehole due to density differences. This increases the heat transfer compared to stagnant water. The numerical model agrees well with theoretical studies and laboratory experiments. The result shows that the induced natural convective heat flow significantly decreases the thermal resistance in the borehole. The density gradient in the borehole is a result of the heat transfer rate and the mean temperature level in the borehole water. Therefore in calculations of the thermal resistance in groundwater-filled boreholes convective heat flow should be included and the actual injection heat transfer rate and mean borehole temperature should be considered. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hellström, Göran
(författare)
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Borehole heat exchangers : state of the art 2001
- 2002
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Ingår i: Implementing Agreement on Energy Conservation through Energy Storage. - : International Energy Agency (IEA).
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Hellström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Buoyancy flow at a two-fluid interface in a porous medium : analytical studies
- 1988
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Ingår i: Water resources research. - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 24:4, s. 493-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analytical solutions for the pressure distribution and the flow field are derived for several idealized situations involving an injection well and a vertical plane or cylindrical interface between two fluids of different density and viscosity in an infinite anisotropic aquifer bounded by two horizontal planes. The interface, or transition zone, between the two fluids may be either sharp or of finite width. The buoyancy flow induced by the density difference will cause the two-fluid interface to tilt. A characteristic time scale for the buoyancy tilting rate is deduced. The conditions at the well are found to have only a small influence on the buoyancy flow except very close to the well. The buoyancy flow decreases with increasing width of the transition zone.
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