| 1. |
- Nakao, S., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of high-energy Si+ ion irradiation on microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina films
- 2002
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 158-159, s. 534-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous alumina films, approximately 600 nm in thickness, prepared on Si(100) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering were irradiated with 2.0 MeV Si ions at a dose of 1 × 1017 ions/cm2 and the influence on the composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties was examined by Rutherford backscattering. X-ray diffraction and nano-indentation measurements. It was found that the O/Al ratio in the films was approximately 1.5, and there was no significant alteration in this ratio after ion irradiation. However, a structural change from amorphous to the crystalline ?-alumina was observed. Hardness and elastic modulus of the irradiated film were significantly increased from approximately 11 and 181 GPa up to approximately 25 and 246 GPa, respectively. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Waikar, Sushrut S, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship of proximal tubular injury to chronic kidney disease as assessed by urinary kidney injury molecule-1 in five cohort studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 31:9, s. 1460-1470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The primary biomarkers used to define CKD are serum creatinine and albuminuria. These biomarkers have directed focus on the filtration and barrier functions of the kidney glomerulus even though albuminuria results from tubule dysfunction as well. Given that proximal tubules make up ∼90% of kidney cortical mass, we evaluated whether a sensitive and specific marker of proximal tubule injury, urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), is elevated in individuals with CKD or with risk factors for CKD.METHODS: We measured urinary KIM-1 in participants of five cohort studies from the USA and Sweden. Participants had a wide range of kidney function and were racially and ethnically diverse. Multivariable linear regression models were used to test the association of urinary KIM-1 with demographic, clinical and laboratory values.RESULTS: In pooled, multivariable-adjusted analyses, log-transformed, creatinine-normalized urinary KIM-1 levels were higher in those with lower eGFR {β = -0.03 per 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.05 to -0.02]} and greater albuminuria [β = 0.16 per unit of log albumin:creatinine ratio (95% CI 0.15-0.17)]. Urinary KIM-1 levels were higher in current smokers, lower in blacks than nonblacks and lower in users versus nonusers of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.CONCLUSION: Proximal tubule injury appears to be an integral and measurable element of multiple stages of CKD.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Xiangjun, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and characterization of Na0.5K0.5NbO3 thin films on polycrystalline Pt80Ir20 substrates
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research. - 0884-2914 .- 2044-5326. ; 17:5, s. 1183-1191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Na0.5K0.5NbO3 thin films have been deposited onto textured polycrystalline Pt80Ir20 substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Films were grown in off- and on-axis positions relative to the target at growth temperatures of 500-700 degreesC and sputtering pressures of 1-7 Pa. The deposited films were found to be textured, displaying a mixture of two orientations (001) and (101). Films grown on-axis showed a prefered (001) orientation, while the off-axis films had a (101) orientation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the films was dependent on the substrate position and sputtering pressure. The low-frequency (10 kHz) dielectric constants of the films were found to be in the range of approximately 490-590. Hydrostatic piezoelectric measurements showed that the films were piezoelectric in the as-deposited form with a constant up to 14.5 pC/N.
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| 4. |
- Abadei, S., et al.
(författare)
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Microwave properties of tunable capacitors basee on magnetron sputtered ferroelectric Na0.5K0.5NbO3 film on low and high resistivity silicon substrates
- 2001
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Ingår i: Integrated Ferroelectrics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1058-4587 .- 1607-8489. ; 39:1-4, s. 359-366
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work, small signal DC voltage dependent dielectric permittivity, loss tangent, and tuneability of magnetron sputtered epitaxial Na0.5K0.5NO3 films are studied experimentally. (100)-oriented Na0.5K0.5NbO3 films are deposited onto SiO2-buffered CMOS grade low resistivity (p = 10-20 cm) and high resistivity (p = 15-45 kcm) silicon substrates. Planar capacitors with 2 or 4 m gaps between electrodes have been fabricated on top of ferroelectric films. These devices have been characterized in the frequency range 1.0 MHz to 50 GHz at temperatures 30 - 300K. Na0.5K0.5NbO3/SiO2/Si structures on high resistivity silicon substrate exhibit C-V performances typical for Metal-Insulator- Semiconductor (MIS) capacitors. At low frequencies, f 1.0 GHz, the large tuneability and large losses are associated with the MIS structure, while at higher microwave frequencies the tuneability is mainly associated with the ferroelectric, film. At 1.0 MHz and room temperature, the tuneability of Na0.5K0.5NbO3/SiO2/Si structures more than 90%, reducing to 10-15 % at 50 GHz. The losses decrease with increasing the DC bias and frequency. A Q-factor more than 15 at 50 GHz is observed. The dielectric permittivity of the Na0.5K0.5NbO3 film is in the range 50-150 at frequencies 0.045-50 GHz. On low resistivity substrate the performance of Na0.5K0.5NbO3 films is completely screened by the high losses in silicon, and the tuneability is negligible. © 2001 Taylor and Francis.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Garcia-Rodriguez, Cruz E., et al.
(författare)
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Does Consumption of Two Portions of Salmon Per Week Enhance the Antioxidant Defense System in Pregnant Women?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 16:12, s. 1401-1406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salmon is a rich source of marine n-3 fatty acids, which may increase oxidative stress and, in turn, could affect the antioxidant defense system in blood plasma and erythrocytes of pregnant women. The Salmon in Pregnancy Study provided two meals of salmon per week to pregnant women from week 20 of gestation; the control group maintained their habitual diet low in oily fish. Higher selenium and retinol plasma concentrations were observed after dietary salmon supplementation. Besides, a concomitant increase in selenium and glutathione concentration as well as glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities were detected as pregnancy progressed. However, tocopherols, retinol, beta-carotene, and coenzyme Q(10) decreased in late pregnancy. Collectively, our findings lead to the hypothesis that increased farmed salmon intake may increase antioxidant defenses during pregnancy.
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| 7. |
- Garcia-Rodriguez, Cruz E., et al.
(författare)
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Does Increased Intake of Salmon Increase Markers of Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women? : The Salmon in Pregnancy Study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 15:11, s. 2819-2823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Salmon in Pregnancy Study provided two meals of salmon per week to pregnant women from week 20 of gestation; the control group maintained their habitual diet low in oily fish. Salmon is a rich source of marine n-3 fatty acids. Since marine n-3 fatty acids may increase oxidative stress, we investigated whether increased salmon consumption could affect markers of oxidative stress in mid and late pregnancy. Urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha), urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and plasma lipid peroxide concentrations did not change from week 20 to 38 of pregnancy and were not altered by increased consumption of salmon. Thus, increased intake of salmon during pregnancy does not increase oxidative stress, as judged by the markers of oxidative damage to lipids and DNA measured herein.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Helmersson-Karlqvist, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced prostaglandin F(2α) formation in human pregnancy and the effect of increased oily fish intake : Results from the Salmon in Pregnancy Study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0952-3278 .- 1532-2823. ; 86:1-2, s. 35-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oily fish intake during pregnancy may reduce the risk of allergic diseases in infancy possibly by shifts in the fatty acid balance and subsequent altered prostaglandin (PG) formation. This intervention is the first study to evaluate if increased oily fish intake affects in vivo PGF(2α) formation during pregnancy. British pregnant women were randomised to two portions of farmed salmon weekly (n=47), or maintenance of their normal diet low in fish (n=41), from pregnancy week 20 until parturition. The concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were higher and the concentration of arachidonic acid in plasma PC was lower in the salmon group than the control group at weeks 34 and 38 of pregnancy. PGF(2α) formation was evaluated by urinary measurement of 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2α), a major PGF(2α) metabolite, at 20, 34 and 38 weeks. In both the salmon and control groups urinary 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2α) concentrations increased significantly during pregnancy, which may be of physiological importance. Oily fish intervention altered fatty acid concentrations but did not affect urinary 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2α) concentrations in pregnant women.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Jin, P., et al.
(författare)
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Epitaxial growth of W-doped VO2/V2O3 multilayer on a-Al2O3(110) by reactive magnetron sputtering
- 2000
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 375:1-2, s. 128-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multilayer epitaxy with a W-VO2 top layer over a bottom layer of which the crystal phase depends on the starting oxygen flow, was done on a-Al2O3(110) by reactively sputtering a V-W (1.6 at.% wt.) alloy target at linearly increasing oxygen flow without interrupting film growth. For the film deposited in the oxygen flow from 10 to 26 sccm, a W-VO2/W-V2O3 multilayer was formed on a-Al2O3(110) with the epitaxial relationship being (001)f?(110)s, (110)f?(001)s for W-V2O3, and (010)f?(110)s, (100)f?(001)s for W-VO2 where f and s denote the film and substrate, respectively. The formation of a triple domain structure was confirmed in the W-VO2 top layer due to the strong influence from the symmetry of the substrate. The multilayer shows phase transition behavior differing from the single layer film, which was presumably due to the effects of W-doping, compositional gradient, and strain.
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| 14. |
- Miles, Elizabeth A, et al.
(författare)
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The Salmon in Pregnancy Study : study design, subject characteristics, maternal fish and marine n-3 fatty acid intake, and marine n-3 fatty acid status in maternal and umbilical cord blood
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 94:6, s. 1986S-1992S
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Oily fish provides marine n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids that are considered to be important in the growth, development, and health of the fetus and newborn infant. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to increase salmon consumption among pregnant women and to determine the effect on maternal and umbilical cord plasma marine n-3 fatty acid content. DESIGN: Women (n = 123) with low habitual consumption of oily fish were randomly assigned to continue their habitual diet or were provided with 2 portions of farmed salmon/wk to include in their diet from week 20 of pregnancy until delivery. RESULTS: Median weekly consumption frequency of study salmon in the salmon group was 1.94 portions, and total fish consumption frequency was 2.11 portions/wk in the salmon group and 0.47 portions/wk in the control group (P < 0.001). Intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the diet, from seafood, and from oily fish were higher in the salmon group (all P < 0.001). Percentages of EPA and DHA in plasma phosphatidylcholine decreased during pregnancy in the control group (P for trend = 0.029 and 0.008, respectively), whereas they increased in the salmon group (P for trend for both < 0.001). EPA and DHA percentages were higher in maternal plasma phosphatidylcholine at weeks 34 and 38 of pregnancy and in umbilical cord plasma phosphatidylcholine in the salmon group (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION: If pregnant women, who do not regularly eat oily fish, eat 2 portions of salmon/wk, they will increase their intake of EPA and DHA, achieving the recommended minimum intake; and they will increase their and their fetus' status of EPA and DHA. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00801502.
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| 15. |
- Music, Denis, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and mechanical properties of boron suboxide thin films
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 20:2, s. 335-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis and mechanical properties of boron suboxide thin films deposited on silicon and graphite substrates was discussed. The deposition was performed using reactive magnetron sputtering technique, and amorphous films were obtained. The affect of varying O2 partial pressure on film composition and microstructure was studied using spectroscopic techniques. It was found that variation of partial pressure from 0.02 to 0.21 resulted in a decrease in elastic modulus from 272 to 109 GPa.
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| 16. |
- Nyberg, T., et al.
(författare)
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Eliminating the hysteresis effect for reactive sputtering processes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 86:16, s. 164106-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive sputter processes frequently exhibit stability problems. The cause of this is that these processes normally exhibit hysteresis effects in the processing curves. Eliminating the hysteresis would significantly simplify the use of reactive sputtering processes. So far the only known way of eliminating the hysteresis is to increase the pumping speed to unrealistically high values. By an increased understanding of the process we have realized a fully realistic technique to eliminate the hysteresis for reactive sputtering processes. By simply reducing the size of the target sputter erosion zone below a critical value, simulations predicted that hysteresis should be eliminated. This has been experimentally verified for reactive sputtering of Al in an Ar O2 atmosphere. The fundamental explanation to this behavior as well as the experimental verification are presented.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Selinder, TI, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and microwave loss studies on epitaxial YBa2Cu3Ox thin films
- 1992
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Ingår i: High Tc superconductor thin films. - 0444893539 ; , s. 219-224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin YBa2Cu3Ox films were grown on SrTiO3 or LaAlO3 single crystals by dc-magnetron reactive sputtering in argon/oxygen gas mixtures. Deposition temperatures ranged from 540 °C to 780 °C. After deposition and subsequent cool down, films grown above 680 °C are superconducting below 86–88 K. All films are oriented with the [001] direction parallel to the [001] substrate normal. The best films have critical current densities well above 106 A/cm2, and effective 6 GHz surface resistance values below 300 μω, at 77 K. Despite good electrical properties, the films are littered with copper rich particles on a smooth and epitaxial single crystalline surface. Cross-section Transmission Electron Microscopy (X-TEM) was used to study the crystalline quality on a microscopic level, and the nature of particles occurring on/in the as grown film. Small misaligned YBa2Cu3Ox grains often occur in the films. The large copper rich particles on the film surface seem to have nucleated at such grains on the film surface. Their occurrence can, at least partly, be explained by a nonstoichiometric flow to the substrate. The number density of the particles decreased with increasing growth temperature but the volume density seemed to be constant in the investigated temperature interval.
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| 19. |
- Skårman, B, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of intermittent contact mode AFM probes by HREM and using atomically sharp CeO2 ridges as tip characterizer
- 2000
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 16:15, s. 6267-6277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The imaging process of the atomic force microscope (AFM) in contact, noncontact, and intermittent contact mode is still debated after more than a decade of widespread use, in particular when imaged features are approaching atomic dimensions. Several models for the interaction between the tip and the surface have been suggested, but generally they all need an exact description of the geometry of either the tip, the surface, or both. We present here a tip characterizer with close to reproducible geometry, exactly known angles of all surfaces, and sharp features with close to atomic dimension. It has been tested on three commercial AFM probes and a laboratory-made electron-beam-deposited tip, sharpened by oxygen plasma etching. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy has been used to unambiguously verify the tip shapes down to atomic dimensions, both before and after imaging in intermittent contact mode. The effect on the recorded AFM images is shown of tip shape, tip wear, spallation, and accumulation on the tip of amorphous and crystalline debris. The imaging is shown to be a dynamic event, with a continuously changing tip and occasional catastrophic events that give abrupt changes in imaging conditions. The tips are severely worn down already after scanning a few centimeters, but accumulated amorphous material may still give it imaging capabilities in the nanometer range, even with having a tip radius exceeding 130 nm. Accumulated amorphous material seems to be more important than previously believed. Procedures for tip in situ characterization and reliable imaging are suggested.
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| 20. |
- Svavarsson, HG, et al.
(författare)
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Electrostatic powder impact deposition (EPID) of Ge on Si and Cu substrates, microstructure and morphology study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 33:10, s. 1155-1160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrostatic powder impact deposition (EPID) is a novel method to deposit thin films by electrostatic acceleration of powder material between charged plates in vacuum. The EPID method has been used to deposit Ce films on Si and Cu substrates at room temperature. Surface morphology and microstructure as studied by SEM showed a very rough surface. XRD and RES measurements revealed that the films were mostly nanocrystalline or amorphous ae oxide. The grain size distribution of the Ge powder was measured before and after deposition. Initial distribution showed a median grain size of 32 mu m and distribution width of 80 mu m. After the deposition the median grain size had decreased to 16 mu m acid the width decreased to 55 mu m. The grain size of the deposited film was less than 1 mu m.
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| 21. |
- Tham, Wilhelm, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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More than one variant of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from each of two human cases of invasive listeriosis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 135:5, s. 854-856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two variants of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from blood cultures from each of two patients with listeriosis. Each variant displayed a two-band difference in DNA profile from the other by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although this difference in profile is insufficient to distinguish clearly between the variants, the possibility of co-infection with different strains of L. monocytogenes needs to be considered. We suggest that more than one colony should be selected for molecular typing to aid interpretation during investigation of the sources and routes of Listeria infection.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Wang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of SrTiO3 thin films on LaAlO3(001) substrates, the influence of growth temperature on composition, orientation, and surface morphology
- 2000
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 360:1-2, s. 181-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SrTiO3 films have been grown on LaAlO3(001) single crystal substrates using rf-sputtering. The substrates were held at temperatures ranging from 100 to 850°C. For growth temperatures as low as 350°C epitaxial growth is observed. Below 350°C the films are polycrystalline and three different orientations (100), (110), and (111) can be observed using X-ray diffraction. Atomic force microscopy shows that films deposited at temperatures below 350°C and above 650°C are smooth while the surfaces of the films made at intermediate temperatures are rough and faceted. As growth temperatures decrease below 250°C, the films show decreasing amount of Sr.
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| 25. |
- Wang, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of SrTiO3 thin films deposited on Si by rf magnetron sputtering at various substrate temperatures
- 2002
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Ingår i: Philosophical Magazine B. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-2812 .- 1463-6417. ; 82:8, s. 891-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SrTiO3 (STO) thin films were deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates by rf magnetron sputtering at various substrate temperatures, and their structural and electrical properties were investigated without post-deposition annealing. The thickness of the films was in the range from 300 to 500 nm while the deposition temperature was varied between room temperature and 550°C. Compositional and structural characterizations included X-ray diffraction, Rutherford back-scattering spectroscopy and variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes with the configuration of Al/STO/p-Si/Al were fabricated and characterized by capacitance-voltage, current voltage and admittance spectroscopy measurements. Depending on the substrate temperatures, the dielectric constant of the films varied between 60 and 120 and the loss factor between 0.019 and 0.051 at 100 kHz. All films showed high charge storage capacity, varying between 1.9 and 3 µm cm-2. However, the films deposited at 200°C showed the lowest density of bulk trapped charges (150nC cm-2) and interface states ((1.2-6.1) × 1011 cm-2 eV-1), and are therefore considered to be the most suitable for device applications.
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| 26. |
- Wang, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Electrical properties of SrTiO3 thin films on Si deposited by magnetron sputtering at low temperature
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 79:10, s. 1513-1515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deposition of SrTiO3 (STO) thin films by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering in an ultrahigh vacuum system at a low substrate temperature (~200°C) was performed in order to produce high-quality STO/p-Si (100) interfaces and STO insulator layers with dielectric constants of high magnitude. The STO films were identified as polycrystalline by x-ray diffraction, and were approximated with a layered structure according to the best fitting results of raw data from both Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Room-temperature current-voltage and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements on Al/STO/p-Si diodes clearly revealed metal-insulator-semiconductor behavior, and the STO/p-Si interface state densities were of the order of 1011 eV-1 cm-2. The dielectric constant of the STO film was 65, and the dielectric loss factor varied between 0.05 and 0.55 for a frequency range of 1 kHz-10 MHz. For a 387 nm thick STO film, the dielectric breakdown field was 0.31 MV cm-1, and the charge storage capacity was 2.1 µC cm-2. These results indicate that STO films are suitable for applications as insulator layers in dynamic random access memories or as cladding layers in electroluminescent devices. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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| 27. |
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