| 1. |
- Lam, Yat-Yin, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular and ascending aortic function after stenting of native coarctation of aorta.
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 105:9, s. 1343-1347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with surgically corrected aortic coarctation have increased proximal aortic stiffness that might contribute to the known worse cardiovascular outcomes. We examined the effect of stenting on the mid-term ascending aortic elastic properties and its relation to cardiac structure and function in adults with native coarctation of the aorta. A total of 20 consecutive patients (13 men, age at stenting 30 + or - 8 years) were prospectively studied before and 14 + or - 2 months after coarctation stenting. The aortic stiffness index was calculated using the ascending aortic diameters and right arm blood pressure values. The ventricular long-axis function was assessed using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging at the septal site. The results were compared to those from 31 normal controls. Statistically significant improvement was found in aortic narrowing (catheter-derived gradient 32 + or - 11 vs 10 + or - 6 mm Hg), left ventricular mass index (132.8 + or - 50.1 vs 114.7 + or - 47.7 g/m(2)), long-axis function, and left atrial volume index (26.5 + or - 5.3 vs 23.7 + or - 5.6 mm(3)/m(2)). The patients continued to have a thicker left ventricle, reduced long-axis function, and larger left atrium after intervention than did the controls. They also had impaired proximal aortic function with respect to the controls that remained unchanged after stenting (aortic stiffness index 10.7 + or - 4.5 to 10.1 + or - 3.0). The poststenting aortic stiffness index correlated modestly with the left ventricular mass index and reduced long-axis velocity. In conclusion, aortic stenting resulted in partial mid-term improvement in cardiac structure and function in adults with coarctation of aorta but the ascending aortic elastic properties remained abnormal. Such a degree of impairment was related to residual left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. Early identification of such patients and optimum management might avoid these irreversible ventriculoaortic disturbances and their known consequences.
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| 2. |
- Lam, Y-Y, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular long axis dysfunction in adults with "corrected" aortic coarctation is related to an older age at intervention and increased aortic stiffness.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 95:9, s. 733-739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) long axis dysfunction (LAD, septal annulus pulsed-wave (PW) tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) early diastolic velocity < or =8 cm/s) in patients with "corrected" aortic coarctation and its relationship to patient demographics and aortic elastic properties. METHODS: A retrospective study of 80 consecutive patients with "corrected" aortic coarctation (aged 27 (SD 6) years, seven postballoon aortoplasty, 41 poststenting and 32 postsurgical repair) was carried out. Patients' ages at intervention, comorbidities and medications were recorded. The LV long axis motions were recorded by M-mode and PW TDI. Aortic stiffness indices were calculated from the aortic diameters and pulse pressures. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients (59%) had LAD. They were older (28 (5) vs 9 (6) years) at treatment, had stiffer aorta (stiffness index 18.4 (6.0) vs 9.2 (2.3)), thicker LV walls (146.7 (59.7) vs 103.8 (44.9) g/m2), higher wall stress (80 (6) vs 70 (7) 10(3) dynes/cm2), larger left atria (31.7 (4.6) vs 24.5 (5.3) ml/m2) and higher LV filling pressures (p<0.01 for all) compared with those without LAD, despite a similar prevalence of antihypertensive use and bicuspid aortic valves. The age at intervention (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.29 to 6.60, p<0.01) and aortic stiffness index (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.79, p<0.001) were the two independent predictors for LAD in patients on multivariate analysis. A cut-off age of > or =25 year at intervention was 89% sensitive and 76% specific in predicting LAD (AUC = 0.90, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LAD is common in adults with aortic coarctation despite apparently successful treatment. Its presence is related to older age at intervention and increased aortic stiffness.
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| 3. |
- Babu-Narayan, Sonya V, et al.
(författare)
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Dyssynchrony and electromechanical delay are associated with focal fibrosis in the systemic right ventricle - Insights from echocardiography.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 220, s. 382-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Systemic right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and sudden cardiac death remain problematic late after Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. The exact mechanism for that relationship is likely to be multifactorial including myocardial fibrosis. Doppler echocardiography gives further insights into the role of fibrosis shown by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in late morbidity.METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-two consecutive patients, mean age 28±8years, were studied with 2D echocardiography, and also assessed by LGE CMR. The presence of LGE in 13/22 patients (59%) was related to delayed septal shortening and lengthening (P=0.002 &P=0.049), prolonged systemic RV isovolumic contraction time (P=0.024) and reduced systemic RV free wall and septal excursion (P=0.027 &P=0.005). The systemic RV total isovolumic time was prolonged but not related to extent of LGE. LGE extent was related to markers of electromechanical delay and dyssynchrony (delayed onset of RV free wall shortening and lengthening; r=0.73 &P=0.004 and r=0.62 &P=0.041, respectively, and QRS duration r=0.68, P<0.01) and was inversely related to systolic RV free wall shortening velocity (r=-0.59 &P=0.042). The presence of LGE was also related to lower exercise capacity, ≥mild tricuspid regurgitation and more arrhythmia (P=0.008, P=0.014 and P=0.040). RV free wall excursion and systolic tissue Doppler velocity were related to CMR derived RV ejection fraction (r=0.51, P=0.015, and r=0.77, P=<0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION: Post Mustard repair, myocardial fibrosis is related to dyssynchrony, RV long axis dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiographic measurements of systemic RV function can be confidently used in serial follow-up following Mustard operation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Henein, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Atrial fibrillation (mechanistic view point)
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 134:2, s. 270-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Henein, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Atrial interaction in the form of 'cross talk' in patients with ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 17:147(3), s. 388-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Bernheim 'a' wave in the jugular venous pulse of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy has been shown to reflect accentuated right atrial activity. OBJECTIVE: To study possible atrial interaction in patients with right and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to significant pulmonary (PS) and aortic valvular stenosis (AS) respectively. METHODS: We studied 41 PS patients (age 36+/-10 year) and 41 AS patients (age 35+/-12 year) and their results were compared with those of 27 controls (age 30+/-7 year). RV and LV filling were recorded by conventional PW Doppler. Biventricular segmental function was studied using the PW tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and M-mode techniques. RESULTS: The 2 patient groups had similar degree of ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Long axis function was impaired while global systolic function was preserved in the pressure-overloaded ventricle. Patients had higher peak late filling (A wave) and TDI late diastolic (Aa) velocities recorded in the disease-free ventricles despite having similar peak early filling velocities (E wave), E wave deceleration time and E/Ea ratios were not different from controls (p>0.05 for all). Such accentuation of atrial activity (A wave) was moderately correlated with the degree of contralateral ventricular outflow tract obstruction (p<0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Long axis function is more sensitive than global function in revealing myocardial dysfunction in the pressure-overloaded ventricles. The increased contralateral atrial systolic activity suggests an evidence for atrial interaction in the form of 'cross talk'.
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| 7. |
- Henein, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbed left atrial mechanical function in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation : a speckle tracking study
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 155:3, s. 437-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess left atrial (LA) intrinsic myocardial function and its relationship to left ventricular (LV) filling pattern in a group of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients. METHODS: Twenty-three PAF patients (age 68±7year, 10 males) were studied using speckle tracking echocardiography and compared with 18 age and sex matched controls. LA segmental longitudinal strain (S), strain rate (SR) and myocardial velocities during atrial systole were measured as were LA diameters. E/A and E/Em were also measured. RESULTS: LA longitudinal diameter was larger in patients (5.5±0.6 vs. 4.8±0.6cm, p<0.01) and global LA S (-9.2±4.3 vs. -12.9±4.6%, p=0.01) and SR (-1.1±0.5 vs. -1.6±0.7 1/s, p<0.01) were reduced and correlated with E/A (r=0.52, p=0.01 and r=0.43, p<0.05, respectively). LA lateral S and SR were uniformly reduced compared with controls (p<0.05 for all). Both septal and lateral wall SR correlated with E/A (p<0.05 for all), only septal S correlated with E/A (p<0.05). LA myocardial velocities were highest at the annular level and lowest at the rear in both patients and controls (p<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION: In PAF patients, LA systolic function is suppressed and is directly related to the pattern of LV filling which itself may suggest raised pressures. While intrinsic global and segmental function can reproducibly be studied by S and SR, myocardial velocities reflect only regional motion, thus less sensitive in demonstrating localize dysfunction.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Henein, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Suppressed left atrial function in PAF
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 157:2, s. 272-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Henein, Michael Y., et al.
(författare)
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Aortic valve
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Clinical echocardiography. - London : Springer. - 9781848825215 - 9781848825208 ; , s. 33-62
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aortic valve is a passive valve made up of three leaflets which assume the shape of half moons (semi-lunar). Opposite to the mitral valve, there is no true aortic fibrous annulus but a complex root made up of the aortic wall sinuses, left ventricular myocardium, and interleafletfibrous triangles. The ostia of the coronary arteries are located within the aortic sinuses. The sinotubular junction is an important anatomic landmark for surgical procedures. It may be that the leaflets of the aortic valve are not passive as they are rich in different types of nerve endings. The function and role of these “nerves” remain obscure.
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| 12. |
- Henein, Michael Y., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac tumors
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Clinical echocardiography. - London : Springer. - 9781848825215 - 9781848825208 ; , s. 239-250
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac tumors are rarely suspected clinically but usually appear as unexpected fi ndings when patients are investigated for syncope, breathlessness, thromboembolism, or constitutional manifestations such as congestive heart failure or pulmonary hypertension [1]. Transthoracic echocardiography provides a great opportunity to identify tumors that are clinically silent [2], although extension to extra cardiac structures should be further investigated by transesophageal echocardiography [3], CT scanning, or CMR. Benign tumors form approximately 80% of all cardiac tumors, 70% of which are myxomas [4].
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| 13. |
- Henein, Michael Y., et al.
(författare)
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Coronary artery disease
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Clinical echocardiography. - London : Springer. - 9781848825215 - 9781848825208 ; , s. 115-147
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk usually presents in early infancy with congestive cardiac failure due to ischemic myocardial dysfunction. The diagnosis can usually be made by parasternal short axis sections of the great arteries. The most characteristic finding is reversed flow in the left coronary artery demonstrated by color flow Doppler. Usually the anomalous coronary artery connects to the pulmonary trunk at one of the sinuses, but in some cases the connection may be to the more distal pulmonary arteries. A less common presentation of this condition is in late childhood or early adult life, usually with left ventricular dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. There is almost always reversed blood flow in the left coronary artery representing a left to right shunt from the right coronary artery into the pulmonary trunk.
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| 14. |
- Henein, Michael Y., et al.
(författare)
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Mitral valve
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Clinical echocardiography. - London : Springer. - 9781848825215 - 9781848825208 ; , s. 1-32
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mitral valve is composed of two leaflets, an annulus, chordae tendineae, and two papillary muscles. The anterior (aortic) leaflet is attached to the root of the aorta in direct continuity with the aortic valve and the membranous septum, and has a rectangular shape involving one-third of the circumference of the annulus. The posterior leaflet is continuous with the posterior wall of the left atrium and is longer than the anterior leaflet occupying two-thirds of the circumference of the mitral annulus.
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| 15. |
- Henein, Michael Y., et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary valve
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Clinical echocardiography. - London : Springer. - 9781848825215 - 9781848825208 ; , s. 81-92
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pulmonary valve lies anterior and to the left of the aortic valve. The three pulmonary leafl ets assume the shape of half moons (semi-lunar) and are similar but usually not equal in size. The right and left coronary sinuses of the aorta always face the pulmonary valve. The leafl ets are thinner and more delicate than the aortic leafl ets. Unlike the aortic valve, the pulmonary valve sits on a complete muscular ring of the infundibulum and is not in direct continuity with the tricuspid valve. It is thickest along the closing edge. The delicate pocket-like leaflets are formed primarily of collagen, and they, therefore, open and close passively, with little elastic recoil. In the middle of the free edge of each leafl et is a fi brous mound, the nodule of Arrantius. Coaption of the three nodules ensures complete central closure of the valve orifi ce during ventricular diastole.
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| 16. |
- Henein, Michael Y., et al.
(författare)
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Tricuspid valve
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Clinical echocardiography. - London : Springer. - 9781848825215 - 9781848825208 ; , s. 63-79
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphologically right atrioventricular valve has three leaflets (tricuspid): septal, inferior (mural), and anterosuperior which are separated from each other by anteroseptal, superoinferior, and inferoseptal commissures, respectively. The inferior leaflet takes its origin exclusively from the diaphragmatic parietal wall of the ventricle and is often called the mural leaflet. Each commissure is usually supported by the corresponding papillary muscle. The most characteristic and distinguishing feature of the tricuspid valve is the direct attachment of the cords from the septal leaflet to the septum.
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| 17. |
- Karaye, Kamilu M., et al.
(författare)
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Disparities in clinical features and outcomes of peripartum cardiomyopathy in high versus low prevalent regions in Nigeria
- 2021
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Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2055-5822. ; 8:4, s. 3257-3267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The prospective, multicentre Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry originally demonstrated a high prevalence of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) among patients originating from Kano, North-West Nigeria. In a post hoc analysis, we sought to determine if this phenomenon was characterized by a differential case profile and outcome among PPCM cases originating elsewhere.Methods and results: Overall, 199 (81.6%) of a total 244 PPCM patients were recruited from three sites in Kano, compared with 45 patients (18.4%) from 11 widely dispersed centres across Nigeria. Presence and extent of ventricular myocardial remodelling during follow-up, relative to baseline status, were assessed by echocardiography. During median 17 months follow-up, Kano patients demonstrated significantly better myocardial reverse remodelling than patients from other sites. Overall, 50.6% of patients from Kano versus 28.6% from other regions were asymptomatic (P = 0.029) at study completion, with an accompanying difference in all-cause mortality (17.6% vs. 22.2% respectively, P = 0.523) not reaching statistical significance. Alternatively, 135/191 (84.9%) of Kano patients had selenium deficiency (<70 μg/L), and 46/135 (34.1%) of them received oral selenium supplementation. Critically, those that received selenium supplementation demonstrated better survival (6.5% vs. 21.2%; P = 0.025), but the supplement did not have significant impact on myocardial remodelling.Conclusions: This study has shown important non-racial regional disparities in the clinical features and outcomes of PPCM patients in Nigeria, that might partly be explained by selenium supplementation.
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| 18. |
- Ramzy, Ihab S., et al.
(författare)
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Ventricular endocrine and mechanical function following thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 117:1, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The objective of this study was to assess natriuretic peptide release following acute myocardial infarction, and its relationship with ventricular function. Methods A total of 44 patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied; 13 anterior, age (57 ± 12 years) and 31 inferior, age (58 ± 12 years). Peptide levels and left ventricular function by echocardiography were assessed at admission and on days 7 and 30 after thrombolysis. Healthy volunteers (n = 21) served as controls. Results Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels rose from admission to day 7 (p = 0.002). While ANP remained elevated at day 30 in both groups, BNP levels fell in patients with anterior myocardial infarction (p = 0.03). Left ventricular fractional shortening was reduced at admission in the two groups (p = 0.01) but returned towards normal in 7 days (p = 0.001) in inferior myocardial infarction and in 30 days in anterior myocardial infarction (p = 0.02). Left ventricular long axis amplitude was universally reduced at admission (p = 0.01) and remained abnormal at day 30 (p = 0.01) in both groups. At day 7, BNP and ANP levels inversely correlated with long axis amplitude of lateral wall in anterior myocardial infarction; (r = − 0.7, p = 0.01). BNP correlated inversely with fractional shortening in anterior myocardial infarction (r = − 0.7, p = 0.01) at day 30. Conclusion The elevated peptide levels at 7 days post-myocardial infarction correlate with reduced mechanical activity of the adjacent noninfarcted segment. Natriuretic peptides release seem to be related to failure of compensatory hyperdynamic activity of the noninfarcted area rather than directly from the injured myocardial segments.
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| 19. |
- Renna, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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Remifentanil plus low-dose midazolam for outpatient sedation in transesophageal echocardiography.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The search for optimal sedation for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) continues. We hypothesized that the ultra-short acting opioid remifentanil combined with very low-dose midazolam would provide a better sedation and recovery profile compared to midazolam alone. METHODS: 41 consecutive outpatients scheduled for TEE received either IV midazolam (group M, 2.5 mg bolus plus 1 mg increments repeated as needed, n=18) or a combination of a low-dose IV bolus of midazolam (0.5 mg) plus an infusion of remifentanil (group RM, 0.1 mcg/kg/min, reduced to 0.08 mcg/kg/min after probe insertion, n=23). All patients received topical pharyngeal anesthesia with 2 puffs of lidocaine 4% spray. We recorded BP, SpO(2), HR, time-to-discharge (modified Aldrete score of 13), duration of procedure, resource utilization, complications, ease of probe introduction, ease and quality of the procedure. Patients' satisfaction with sedation was assessed using the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale (ISAS). RESULTS: Mean dose of midazolam in group M was 3.7+/-1.3 mg. Median time-to-discharge was significantly reduced in the RM group compared with the M group (5 (5-10) vs. 30 (5-240) min, p<0.0001), with 22 of the 23 group RM patients ready for "street discharge" within 5 min of removal of the TEE probe. Ease of probe insertion (p=0.001), resource utilization (p=0.0001), patient satisfaction (p=0.03) and overall ease and quality of the procedure (p=0.0001) were significantly better in the RM group than in the M group. No episodes of desaturation were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the use of an ultra-short acting opioid, remifentanil, combined with a low-dose of midazolam, as a sedative technique for outpatient TEE. In this pilot, non-randomized prospective study, remifentanil plus low-dose midazolam provided better sedation than our current practice of higher bolus doses of midazolam alone. This novel approach is associated with improved procedure tolerance, faster recovery and minimal resource utilization. A randomized, controlled study is under way to verify our preliminary results.
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| 20. |
- Abdelsayed, Mena, et al.
(författare)
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Left Ventricular Contraction Duration Is the Most Powerful Predictor of Cardiac Events in LQTS : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 9:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is primarily an electrical disorder characterized by a prolonged myocardial action potential. The delay in cardiac repolarization leads to electromechanical (EM) abnormalities, which adds a diagnostic value for LQTS. Prolonged left ventricular (LV) contraction was identified as a potential risk for arrhythmia. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the best predictor of all EM parameters for cardiac events (CEs) in LQTS patients. Methods: We systematically searched all electronic databases up to March 2020, to select studies that assessed the relationship between echocardiographic indices—contraction duration (CD), mechanical dispersion (MD), QRS onset to peak systolic strain (QAoC), and the EM window (EMW); and electrical indices— corrected QT interval (QTC), QTC dispersion, RR interval in relation to CEs in LQTS. This meta-analysis included a total of 1041 patients and 373 controls recruited from 12 studies. Results: The meta-analysis showed that LQTS patients had electrical and mechanical abnormalities as compared to controls—QTC, WMD 72.8; QTC dispersion, WMD 31.7; RR interval, WMD 91.5; CD, WMD 49.2; MD, WMD 15.9; QAoC, WMD 27.8; and EMW, WMD −62.4. These mechanical abnormalities were more profound in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic patients in whom disturbances were already manifest, compared to controls. A CD ≥430 ms had a summary sensitivity (SS) of 71%, specificity of 84%, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) >19.5 in predicting CEs. EMW and QTC had a lower accuracy. Conclusions: LQTS is associated with pronounced EM abnormalities, particularly prolonged LV myocardial CD, which is profound in symptomatic patients. These findings highlight the significant role of EM indices like CD in managing LQTS patients.
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| 21. |
- Ahmeti, Artan, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic value of left atrial volume index in acute coronary syndrome : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; , s. 128-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the absence of mitral valve disease, increased left atrial volume (LAV) is a marker of diastolic dysfunction and long-standing elevated left ventricle (LV) pressure. The aim of this study was to assess the role of increased baseline LAV in predicting clinical outcome of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods: We systematically searched all electronic databases up to September 2020 in order to select clinical trials and observational studies, which assessed the predictive role of LAV indexed (LAVI) on clinical outcome in patients with ACS. Primary clinical endpoints were as follows: major adverse cardiac events (MACE), all-cause mortality and hospitalization. Secondary endpoints were in-hospital complications.Results: A total of 2,705 patients from 11 cohort studies with a mean follow-up 18.7 +/- 9.8 months were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with low LAVI had low risk for MACE (15.9% vs. 33.7%; p < .01), long-term all-cause mortality (9.14% vs. 18.1%; p < .01), short-term mortality (3.31% vs. 9.38%; p = .02) and lower hospitalization rate (11.6% vs. 25.5%; p < .01) compared to patients with increased LAVI. Atrial fibrillation and cardiogenic shock as in-hospital events were lower (p < .05 for all) in patients with low LAVI but ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia was not different between groups (p = .14).Conclusion: Increased LAVI is an independent predictor of outcome in patients with ACS. Thus, assessment of LA index in these patients is important for better risk stratification and guidance towards optimum clinical management.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ahmeti, Artan, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life questionnaire predicts poor exercise capacity only in HFpEF and not in HFrEF
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) is the most widely used measure of quality of life (QoL) in HF patients. This prospective study aimed to assess the relationship between QoL and exercise capacity in HF patients.Methods: The study subjects were 118 consecutive patients with chronic HF (62 +/- 10 years, 57 females, in NYHA I-III). Patients answered a MLHFQ questionnaire in the same day of complete clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic assessment. They also underwent a 5 min walk test (6-MWT), in the same day, which grouped them into; Group I: <= 300 m and Group II: > 300 m. In addition, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), divided them into: Group A, with preserved EF (HFpEF) and Group B with reduced EF (HFrEF).Results: The mean MLHFQ total scale score was 48 (+/- 17). The total scale, and the physical and emotional functional MLHFQ scores did not differ between HFpEF and HFpEF. Group I patients were older (p = 0.003), had higher NYHA functional class (p = 0.002), faster baseline heart rate (p = 0.006), higher prevalence of smoking (p = 0.015), higher global, physical and emotional MLHFQ scores (p < 0.001, for all), larger left atrial (LA) diameter (p = 0.001), shorter LV filling time (p = 0.027), higher E/e' ratio (0.02), shorter isovolumic relaxation time (p = 0.028), lower septal a' (p = 0.019) and s' (p = 0.023), compared to Group II. Independent predictors of 6-MWT distance for the group as a whole were increased MLHFQ total score (p = 0.005), older age (p = 0.035), and diabetes (p = 0.045), in HFpEF were total MLHFQ (p = 0.007) and diabetes (p = 0.045) but in HFrEF were only LA enlargement (p = 0.005) and age (p = 0.013. A total MLHFQ score of 48.5 had a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 63% (AUC on ROC analysis of 72%) for limited exercise performance in HF patients.Conclusions: Quality of life, assessment by MLHFQ, is the best correlate of exercise capacity measured by 6-MWT, particularly in HFpEF patients. Despite worse ejection fraction in HFrEF, signs of raised LA pressure independently determine exercise capacity in these patients.
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| 24. |
- Arvidsson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Right ventricular involvement in transthyretin amyloidosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Amyloid. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1350-6129 .- 1744-2818. ; 25:3, s. 160-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The extent of right ventricular (RV) involvement in transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is unknown.Objectives: This study sought to establish the degree of RV involvement in ATTR amyloidosis, and compare findings with RV involvement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Methods: Forty-two patients with ATTR amyloidosis and echocardiographic evidence of cardiac amyloidosis (cardiac ATTR), 19 ATTR patients with normal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (non-cardiac ATTR), 25 patients with diagnosed HCM and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. Echocardiographic measurements for conventional parameters, as well as RV global and segmental strain, were recorded.Results: When comparing RV structure and function between cardiac ATTR amyloidosis and HCM patients, only segmental strain differed between the two groups. In cardiac ATTR amyloidosis, we found an RV apex-to-base strain gradient with highest deformation in the apex. This pattern was reversed in patients with HCM.Conclusions: RV involvement is common in cardiac ATTR patients. The present study also detected an RV apical sparing pattern in patients with ATTR cardiomyopathy, similar to what has previously been described for the left ventricle in these patients. This pattern was not seen in HCM patients. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical importance of these findings.
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| 25. |
- Ayad, Sherif, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of COVID-19 on In-Hospital Outcomes of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is one of the important clinical procedures that have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence and impact of COVID-19 on in-hospital clinical outcome of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients managed with PPCI. This observational retrospective study was conducted on consecutive STEMI patients who presented to the International Cardiac Center (ICC) hospital, Alexandria, Egypt between 1 February and 31 October 2020. A group of STEMI patients presented during the same period in 2019 was also assessed (control group) and data was used for comparison. The inclusion criteria were established diagnosis of STEMI requiring PPCI.A total of 634 patients were included in the study. During the COVID-19 period, the number of PPCI procedures was reduced by 25.7% compared with previous year (mean 30.0 +/- 4.01 vs. 40.4 +/- 5.3 case/month) and the time from first medical contact to Needle (FMC-to-N) was longer (125.0 +/- 53.6 vs. 52.6 +/- 22.8 min, p = 0.001). Also, during COVID-19, the in-hospital mortality was higher (7.4 vs. 4.6%, p = 0.036) as was the incidence of re-infarction (12.2 vs. 7.7%, p = 0.041) and the need for revascularization (15.9 vs. 10.7%, p = 0.046). The incidence of heart failure, stroke, and bleeding was not different between groups, but hospital stay was longer during COVID-19 (6.85 +/- 4.22 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.3 day, p = 0.0025). Conclusion: At the ICC, COVID-19 pandemic contributed significantly to the PPCI management of STEMI patients with decreased number and delayed procedures. COVID-19 was also associated with higher in-hospital mortality, rate of re-infarction, need for revascularization, and longer hospital stay.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Backman, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual arrhythmogenic myocardial disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Cardiovascular Forum Journal. - : Barcaray International Publishing. - 2410-2636 .- 2409-3424. ; 1:4, s. 195-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Bajraktari, Artan, et al.
(författare)
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High Coronary Wall Shear Stress Worsens Plaque Vulnerability : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Angiology. - : Sage Publications. - 0003-3197 .- 1940-1574. ; 72:8, s. 706-714
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the impact of wall shear stress (WSS) severity on arterial plaque vulnerability.Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases and selected studies which assessed the relationship between WSS measured by intravascular ultrasound and coronary artery plaque features. In 7 studies, a total of 615 patients with 28 276 arterial segments (median follow-up: 7.71 months) were identified. At follow-up, the pooled analysis showed high WSS to be associated with regression of plaque fibrous area, weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.11 (95% CI: −0.20 to −0.02, P = .02) and fibrofatty area, WMD −0.09 (95% CI: −0.17 to −0.01, P = .02), reduction in plaque total area, WMD −0.09 (95% CI: −0.14 to −0.04, P = .007) and increased necrotic core area, and WMD 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01-0.09, P = .03) compared with low WSS. Dense calcium deposits remained unchanged in high and low WSS (0.01 vs 0.02 mm2; P > .05). High WSS resulted in profound remodeling (40% vs 18%, P < .05) and with more constructive remodeling than low WSS (78% vs 40%, P < .01).Conclusions: High WSS in coronary arteries is associated with worsening plaque vulnerability and more profound arterial wall remodeling compared with low WSS.
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| 29. |
- Bajraktari, Artan, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship between Coronary Artery Wall Shear Strain and Plaque Morphology : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diagnostics (Basel). - : MDPI. - 2075-4418. ; 10:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: Arterial wall shear strain (WSS) has been proposed to impact the features of atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the impact of different types of WSS on plaque features in coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: We systematically searched PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Registry, from 1989 up to January 2020 and selected clinical trials and observational studies which assessed the relationship between WSS, measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and plaque morphology in patients with CAD.Results: In four studies, a total of 72 patients with 13,098 coronary artery segments were recruited, with mean age 57.5 +/- 9.5 years. The pooled analysis showed that low WSS was associated with larger baseline lumen area (WMD 2.55 [1.34 to 3.76, p < 0.001]), smaller plaque area (WMD 1.16 [-1.84 to -0.49, p = 0.0007]), lower plaque burden (WMD -12.7 [-21.4 to -4.01, p = -0.04]), and lower necrotic core area (WMD -0.32 [-0.78 to 0.14, p = 0.04]). Low WSS also had smaller fibrous area (WMD -0.79 [-1.88 to -0.30, p = 0.02]) and smaller fibro-fatty area (WMD 0.22 [-0.57 to 0.13, p = 0.02]), compared with high WSS, but the dense calcium score was similar between the two groups (WMD -0.17 [-0.47 to 0.13, p = 0.26]). No differences were found between intermediate and high WSS.Conclusions: High WSS is associated with signs of plaque instability such as higher necrotic core, higher calcium score, and higher plaque burden compared with low WSS. These findings highlight the role of IVUS in assessing plaque vulnerability.
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| 30. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Combined electrical and global markers of dyssynchrony predict clinical response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 48:5, s. 304-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To assess potential additional value of global left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony markers in predicting cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response in heart failure (HF) patients. METHODS: We included 103 HF patients (mean age 67 +/- 12 years, 83% male) who fulfilled the guidelines criteria for CRT treatment. All patients had undergone full clinical assessment, NT-proBNP and echocardiographic examination. Global LV dyssynchrony was assessed using total isovolumic time (t-IVT) and Tei index. On the basis of reduction in the NYHA class after CRT, patients were divided into responders and non-responders. RESULTS: Prolonged t-IVT [0.878 (range, 0.802-0.962), p = 0.005], long QRS duration [0.978 (range, 0.960-0.996), p = 0.02] and high tricuspid regurgitation pressure drop [1.047 (range, 1.001-1.096), p = 0.046] independently predicted response to CRT. A t-IVT >= 11.6 s/min was 67% sensitive and 62% specifi c (AUC 0.69, p = 0.001) in predicting CRT response. Respective values for a QRS >= 151 ms were 66% and 62% (AUC 0.65, p = 0.01). Combining the two variables had higher specifi city (88%) in predicting CRT response. In atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, only prolonged t-IVT [0.690 (range, 0.509 -0.937), p = 0.03] independently predicted CRT response. CONCLUSION: Combining prolonged t-IVT and the conventionally used broad QRS duration has a significantly higher specifi city in identifying patients likely to respond to CRT. Moreover, in AF patients, only prolonged t-IVT independently predicted CRT response.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of drug-eluting balloon versus drug-eluting stent treatment of drug-eluting stent in-stent restenosis : A meta-analysis of available evidence
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 218, s. 126-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains an important concern despite the recent advances in the drug-eluting stent (DES) technology. The introduction of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) offers a good solution to such problem.OBJECTIVES: We performed a meta-analysis to assess the clinical efficiency and safety of DEB compared with DES in patients with DES-ISR.METHODS: A systematic search was conducted and all randomized and observational studies which compared DEB with DES in patients with DES-ISR were included. The primary outcome measure-major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)-as well as individual events as target lesion revascularization (TLR), stent thrombosis (ST), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death (CD) and all-cause mortality, were analyzed.RESULTS: Three randomized and 4 observational studies were included with a total of 2052 patients. MACE (relative risk [RR]=1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 1.46, P=0.99), TLR (RR=1.15 [CI 0.79 to 1.68], P=0.44), ST (RR=0.37[0.10 to 1.34], P=0.13), MI (RR=0.97 [0.49 to 1.91], P=0.93) and CD (RR=0.73 [0.22 to 2.45], P=0.61) were not different between patients treated with DEB and with DES. However, all-cause mortality was lower in patients treated with DEB (RR=0.45 [0.23 to 0.87, P=0.019) and in particular when compared to only first generation DES (RR 0.33 [0.15-0.74], P=0.007). There was no statistical evidence for publication bias.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis showed that DEB and DES have similar efficacy and safety for the treatment of DES-ISR.
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| 34. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Complete revascularization for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after the COMPLETE trial : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: IJC Heart & Vasculature. - : Elsevier. - 2352-9067. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The recently published COMPLETE trial has demonstrated that patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD), who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of both culprit and non-culprit (vs. culprit-only) lesions had a reduced risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), but not of cardiovascular or total mortality. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of complete revascularization on cardiovascular or total mortality reduction using available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including the COMPLETE trial, in hemodynamically stable STEMI patients with MVD. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov databases search identified 10 RCTs of 7033 patients with STEMI and MVD which compared complete (n = 3420) vs. only culprit lesion (n = 3613) PCI for a median 27.7 months follow-up. Random effect risk ratios were used to estimate for efficacy and safety outcomes. Results: Complete revascularization reduced the risk of MACE (10.4% vs.16.6%; RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.74, p < 0.0001), CV mortality (2.87% vs. 3.72%; RR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.95, p = 0.02), reinfarction (5.1% vs. 7.1%; RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.86, p = 0.002), urgent revascularization (7.92% vs.17.4%; RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.73, p < 0.001), and CV hospitalization (8.68% vs.11.4%; RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44to 0.96, p = 0.03) compared with culprit only revascularization. All-cause mortality, stroke, major bleeding events, or contrast induced nephropathy were not affected by the revascularization strategy. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that in patients with STEMI and MVD, complete revascularization is superior to culprit-only PCI in reducing the risk of MACE outcomes, including cardiovascular mortality, without increasing the risk of adverse safety outcomes.
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| 35. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Complete revascularization for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease : a meta-analysis of randomized trials
- 2018
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Ingår i: Coronary Artery Disease. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0954-6928 .- 1473-5830. ; 29:3, s. 204-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Despite the recent findings in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with limited sample sizes and the updates in clinical guidelines, the current available data for the complete revascularization (CR) in hemodynamically stable patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are still contradictory.Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis of the existing RCTs was to assess the efficacy of the CR versus revascularization of infarct-related artery (IRA) only during primary PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease (MVD).Patients and methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases aiming to find RCTs for patients with STEMI and MVD which compared CR with IRA-only. Random effect risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for efficacy and safety outcomes.Results: Ten RCTs with 3291 patients were included. The median follow-up duration was 17.5 months. Major adverse cardiac events (RR=0.57; 0.43-0.76; P<0.0001), cardiac mortality (RR=0.52; 0.31-0.87; P=0.014), and repeat revascularization (RR=0.50; 0.30-0.84; P=0.009) were lower in CR compared with IRA-only strategies. However, there was no significant difference in the risk of all-cause mortality, recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, major bleeding events, and contrast-induced nephropathy.Conclusion: For patients with STEMI and MVD undergoing primary PCI, the current evidence suggests that the risk of major adverse cardiac events, repeat revascularization, and cardiac death is reduced by CR. However, the risk for all-cause mortality and PCI-related complications is not different from the isolated culprit lesion-only treatment. Although these findings support the cardiac mortality and safety benefit of CR in stable STEMI, further large trials are required to provide better guidance for optimum management of such patients.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Gender related predictors of limited exercise capacity in heart failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: IJC Heart & Vessels. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7632. ; 1, s. 11-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gender on the prediction of limited exercise capacity in heart failure (HF) patients assessed by 6 minute walk test (6-MWT).Methods In 147 HF patients (mean age 61 ± 11 years, 50.3% male), a 6-MWT and a Doppler echocardiographic study were performed in the same day. Conventional cardiac measurements were obtained and global LV dyssynchrony was indirectly assessed using total isovolumic time − t-IVT [in s/min; calculated as: 60 − (total ejection time − total filling time)] and Tei index (t-IVT/ejection time). Patients were divided into two groups according to gender, which were again divided into two subgroups based on the 6-MWT distance (Group I: ≤ 300 m, and Group II: > 300 m).Results Female patients were younger (p = 0.02), and had higher left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction — EF (p = 0.007) but with similar 6-MWT distance to male patients (p = 68). Group I male patients had lower hemoglobin level (p = 0.02) and lower EF (p = 0.03), compared with Group II, but none of the clinical or echocardiographic variables differed between groups in female patients. In multivariate analysis, only t-IVT [0.699 (0.552–0.886), p = 0.003], and LV EF [0.908 (0.835–0.987), p = 0.02] in males, and NYHA functional class [4.439 (2.213–16.24), p = 0.02] in females independently predicted poor 6-MWT distance (< 300 m).Conclusion Despite similar limited exercise capacity, gender determines the pattern of underlying cardiac disturbances; ventricular dysfunction in males and subjective NYHA class in female heart failure patients.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Left atrial structure and function predictors of recurrent fibrillation after catheter ablation : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 40:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Catheter ablation (CA) has become a conventional treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), but remains with high recurrence rate. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine left atrial (LA) structure and function indices that predict recurrence of AF.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Registry, up to September 2017 in order to select clinical trials and observational studies which reported echocardiographic predictors of AF recurrence after CA. Eighty-five articles with a total of 16 126 patients were finally included.Results: The pooled analysis showed that after a follow-up period of 21 +/- 12 months, patients with AF recurrence had larger LA diameter with weighted mean difference (WMD: 2 center dot 99 ([95% CI 2 center dot 50-3 center dot 47], P<0 center dot 001), larger LA volume index (LAVI) maximal and LAVI minimal (P<0 center dot 0001 for both), larger LA area (P<0 center dot 0001), lower LA strain (P<0 center dot 0001) and lower LA total emptying fraction (LA EF) (P<0 center dot 0001) compared with those without AF recurrence. The most powerful LA predictors (in accuracy order) of AF recurrence were as follows: LA strain <19% (OR: 3 center dot 1[95% CI, -1.3-10 center dot 4], P<0 center dot 0001), followed by LA diameter >= 50 mm (OR: 2 center dot 75, [95% CI 1 center dot 66-4 center dot 56,] P<0 center dot 0001), and LAVmax >150 ml (OR: 2 center dot 25, [95% CI, 1.1-5 center dot 6], P = 0 center dot 0002).Conclusions: Based on this meta-analysis results, a dilated left atrium with diameter more than 50 mm and volume above 150 ml or myocardial strain below 19% reflect an unstable LA that is unlikely to hold sinus rhythm after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
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| 40. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular asynchrony and raised filling pressure predict limited exercise performance assessed by 6 minute walk test
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 146:3, s. 385-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Six minute walking test (6-MWT) may serve as a reproducible test for assessing exercise capacity in heart failure (HF) patients and can be clinically predicted. We aimed in this study to ascertain if global markers of ventricular asynchrony can predict 6MWT distance in a group of patients with HF and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) <45%.METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 77 consecutive patients (60+/-12 years) with stable HF. LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions, shortening fraction (SF), EF, myocardial velocities, t-IVT, and Tei index were measured, as well as 6-MWT distance. Patients with limited exercise performance (CONCLUSIONS: In heart failure patients, the higher the filling pressures and the more asynchronous the left ventricle, the poorer is the patient's exercise capacity. These findings highlight specific LV functional disturbances that should be targeted for better optimization of medical and/or electrical therapy.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular global dyssynchrony is exaggerated with age
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Cardiovascular Forum. - : Barcaray International Publishing. - 2410-2636. ; 1:1, s. 47-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim. Total isovolumic time (t-IVT) and Tei index both reflect global left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. They have been shown to be sensitive in responding to myocardial revascularization and in predicting clinical outcome in heart failure patients. Since most these patients are senior, determining the exact effect of age on such parameters remains mandatory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on LV t-IVT and Tei index compared with conventional systolic and diastolic parameters in normal individuals.Methods. We studied 47 healthy individuals, mean age 62±12 years (24 female), who were arbitrarily classified into three groups: M (middle age), S (seniors), and E (elderly), using spectral Doppler echocardiography and tissue-Doppler imaging. We studied the interrelation between age, LV systolic and diastolic function parameters as well as t-IVT [60 – (total ejection time + total filling time) in s/min], and Tei index (T-IVT/ejection time).Results. LV ejection fraction was 68±6%, E/A ratio 1±0.4, filling time 538±136ms, ejection time 313±26ms, t-IVT 7.7±2.6 s/min and Tei index 0.41±0.14. Age strongly correlated with t-IVT (r=0.8, p<0.001) and with Tei index (r=0.7, p<0.001) but not with QRS duration. Age also correlated with E/A ratio (r=-0.6, p<0.001), but not with global or segmental systolic function measurements. Mean values for t-IVT were 5.5 (95% CI, 4.6-6.3 s/min) for M, 6.9 (95% CI, 6.0-7.8 s/min) for S and 9.5 (95% CI, 8.4-10.6 s/min) for E groups. The corresponding upper limit of the t-IVT 95% normal CI (calculated as mean ±2SD) for the three groups was 8.3 s/min, 10.5 s/min and 14.5 s/min, respectively. The upper limit of normal t-IVT 95% CI was significantly shorter in the S compared with the E group (p=0.001). T-IVT correlated with A wave (r=0.66, p<0.001), E/A ratio (r=-0.56, p<0.001), septal e’ (r=-0.49, p=0.001) and septal a’ (r=0.4, p=0.006), but not with QRS.Conclusions. In normals, age is associated with exaggerated LV global dyssynchrony and diastolic function disturbances, but systolic function remains unaffected. The strong relationship between age and t-IVT supports its potential use as a marker of global LV dyssynchrony. In addition, variations in the upper limit of normal values, particularly in the elderly may have significant clinical applications in patients recommended for CRT treatment.
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| 43. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular markers of global dyssynchrony predict limited exercise capacity in heart failure, but not in patients with preserved ejection fraction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : BioMed Central. - 1476-7120. ; 10, s. 36-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to prospectively examine echocardiographic parameters that correlate and predict functional capacity assessed by 6 min walk test (6-MWT) in patients with heart failure (HF), irrespective of ejection fraction (EF).Methods: In 147 HF patients (mean age 61 +/- 11 years, 50.3% male), a 6-MWT and an echo-Doppler study were performed in the same day. Global LV dyssynchrony was indirectly assessed by total isovolumic time - t-IVT [in s/min; calculated as: 60 - (total ejection time + total filling time)], and Tei index (t-IVT/ejection time). Patients were divided into two groups based on the 6-MWT distance (Group I: <= 300 m and Group II: > 300 m), and also in two groups according to EF (Group A: LVEF >= 45% and Group B: LVEF <45%).Results: In the cohort of patients as a whole, the 6-MWT correlated with t-IVT (r = -0.49, p < 0.001) and Tei index (r = -0.43, p < 0.001) but not with any of the other clinical or echocardiographic parameters. Group I had lower hemoglobin level (p = 0.02), lower EF (p = 0.003), larger left atrium (p = 0.02), thicker interventricular septum (p = 0.02), lower A wave (p = 0.01) and lateral wall late diastolic myocardial velocity a' (p = 0.047), longer isovolumic relaxation time (r = 0.003) and longer t-IVT (p = 0.03), compared with Group II. In the patients cohort as a whole, only t-IVT ratio [1.257 (1.071-1.476), p = 0.005], LV EF [0.947 (0.903-0.993), p = 0.02], and E/A ratio [0.553 (0.315-0.972), p = 0.04] independently predicted poor 6-MWT performance (< 300 m) in multivariate analysis. None of the echocardiographic measurements predicted exercise tolerance in HFpEF.Conclusion: In patients with HF, the limited exercise capacity, assessed by 6-MWT, is related mostly to severity of global LV dyssynchrony, more than EF or raised filling pressures. The lack of exercise predictors in HFpEF reflects its multifactorial pathophysiology.
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| 44. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Percutaneous Angioplasty versus Bypass Grafting : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: Treatment of patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCA) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with unprotected LMCA treated randomly by PCI or CABG. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov database searches identified five randomized trials (RCTs) including 4499 patients with unprotected LMCA comparing PCI (n= 2249) vs. CABG (n= 2250), with a minimum clinical follow-up of five years. Random effect risk ratios were used for efficacy and safety outcomes. The study was registered in PROSPERO. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction or stroke. Results: Compared to CABG, patients assigned to PCI had a similar rate of MACE (risk ratio (RR): 1.13; 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.36;p= 0.19), myocardial infarction (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.97 to 2.25;p= 0.07) and stroke (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.23;p= 0.42). Additionally, all-cause mortality (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.28;p= 0.48) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.43;p= 0.31) were not different. However, the risk of any repeat revascularization (RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.15;p< 0.00001) was higher in patients assigned to PCI. Conclusions: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that the long-term survival and MACE of patients who underwent PCI for unprotected LMCA stenosis were comparable to those receiving CABG, despite a higher rate of repeat revascularization.
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| 45. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Non-inferiority of 1 month versus longer dual antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. - : Sage Publications. - 2040-6223 .- 2040-6231. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety of 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by aspirin or a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES), based on the available evidence.Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov database search identified four RCTs of 26,431 patients who underwent PCI with DES and compared 1-month versus >1-month DAPT. The primary endpoint was major bleeding and co-primary endpoint stent thrombosis, and secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and major adverse clinical events (MACE).Results: Compared with >1-month DAPT, the 1-month DAPT was associated with a similar rate of major bleeding (OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.51–1.07, p = 0.11, I2 = 67%), stent thrombosis (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.82–1.47, p = 0.53, I2 = 0.0%), similar risk for all-cause mortality (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.77–1.04, p = 0.14, I2 = 0%), CV death (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.55–1.60, p = 0.24, I2 = 0.0%), MI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.88–1.19, p = 0.78, I2 = 0.0%), and stroke (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.54–1.08, p = 0.13, I2 = 29%). The risk of MACE was lower (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.98, p = 0.02, I2 = 39%) in the 1-month DAPT compared with the >1-month DAPT. Only patients with stable CAD had lower risk of MACE with 1-month DAPT (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.98, p = 0.03, I2 = 21%) compared with >1-month DAPT.Conclusion: This meta-analysis proved the non-inferiority of 1-month DAPT followed by aspirin or a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor compared with long-term DAPT in patients undergoing PCI with DES.
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| 46. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent Ventricular Asynchrony after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Predicts Cardiac Events
- 2010
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Ingår i: Echocardiography. - : Wiley. - 0742-2822 .- 1540-8175. ; 27:1, s. 32-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to identify echocardiographic LV systolic and diastolic measurements that predict clinical events post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: We collected data from 27 patients (age 70 +/- 7 years) who underwent elective CABG, before and within 6 weeks after surgery. LV systolic function was assessed by conventional echocardiographic parameters. A number of LV filling measurements were also made, which included total isovolumic time (t-IVT), Tei index, and restrictive filling pattern. Postoperative cardiac events were death or hospitalization for chest pain, breathlessness, or arrhythmia. Results: Patient's follow-up period was 17 +/- 10 months. Of the 27 patients (age 70 +/- 7 years, 22 male), 10 had postoperative cardiac events. LV ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were lower (P = 0.01, and P = 0.007, respectively), t-IVT longer (P < 0.001), and Tei index was higher (P < 0.001) preoperatively in patients with events compared to those without. The same differences between groups remained after surgery; EF (P = 0.002), FS (P = 0.002), t-IVT (P < 0.001), and Tei index (P < 0.001). T-IVT was the only preoperative predictor of events (P = 0.038) but its postoperative value as well as that of FS predicted events (P = 0.034, and P = 0.042, respectively). T-IVT of 12.2 s/min and FS of 26% were 80% sensitive and 88% specific for predicting postoperative events. Conclusion: Despite successful surgical revascularization residual impairment of LV systolic function and persistent asynchrony in the form of prolonged t-IVT are associated with postoperative events. Since these abnormalities remained despite full medical therapy, they may thus suggest a need for electrical resynchronization therapy.
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| 47. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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Radial Access for Coronary Angiography Carries Fewer Complications Compared with Femoral Access : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: In patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), the benefits associated with radial access compared with the femoral access approach remain controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the short-term evidence-based clinical outcome of the two approaches. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing radial versus femoral access for CA and PCI. We identified 34 RCTs with 29,352 patients who underwent CA and/or PCI and compared 14,819 patients randomized for radial access with 14,533 who underwent procedures using femoral access. The follow-up period for clinical outcome was 30 days in all studies. Data were pooled by meta-analysis using a fixed-effect or a random-effect model, as appropriate. Risk ratios (RRs) were used for efficacy and safety outcomes.Results: Compared with femoral access, the radial access was associated with significantly lower risk for all-cause mortality (RR: 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61 to 0.88; p = 0.001), major bleeding (RR: 0.53; 95% CI:0.43 to 0.65; p ˂ 0.00001), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)(RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.91; p = 0.0002), and major vascular complications (RR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.48; p ˂ 0.00001). These results were consistent irrespective of the clinical presentation of ACS or STEMI. Conclusions: Radial access in patients undergoing CA with or without PCI is associated with lower mortality, MACE, major bleeding and vascular complications, irrespective of clinical presentation, ACS or STEMI, compared with femoral access.
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| 48. |
- Bajraktari, Gani, et al.
(författare)
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The clinical dilemma of quantifying mechanical left ventricular dyssynchrony for cardiac resynchronization therapy : segmental or global?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Echocardiography. - : Wiley. - 0742-2822 .- 1540-8175. ; 32:1, s. 150-155
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart failure (HF) represents a serious clinical and public cause of mortality, morbidity, as well as healthcare expenditures. Guidelines for treatment of HF join in recommending multimedical regimen at targeted doses as the best medical strategy, despite that a significant percentage of patients remain symptomatic. Studies have shown that these patients might benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), particularly those presenting with broad QRS duration, >135 msec. Trials have already shown that CRT results in improved morbidity and survival of these patients particularly those in New York Heart Association class III-IV HF, but almost 30% do not show any symptomatic or survival benefit, hence are classified as nonresponders. Exhaustive efforts have been made in using noninvasive methods of assessing left ventricle (LV) dyssynchrony in predicting nonresponders to CRT, including Doppler echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and even single photon emission computed tomography analysis, but only with modest success. In this report, we aimed to review the available evidence for assessing markers of mechanical LV dyssynchrony by various echocardiographic modalities and their respective strength in predicting favorable response to CRT treatment, comparing global with segmental ones. While the accuracy of segmental markers of dyssynchrony in predicting satisfactory response to CRT remains controversial because of various technical limitations, global markers seem easier to measure, reproducible, and potentially accurate in reflecting overall cavity response and its clinical implications. More studies are needed to qualify this proposal.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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