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| 2. |
- Almung, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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I solitärens skugga : Nyttobyggnadens kreativa restaurering
- 2015
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ekonomibyggnader har alltid behövts för de huvudbyggnader som finns inom våra bevarade kulturmiljöer. Några nyttobyggnader uppskattas och används fortfarande, andra betraktas som problematiska överloppsbyggnader, många rivs. Alltför få har dokumenterats eller fått sin historia klarlagd vilket undanhållit viktig kunskap om samhällets framväxt. Vi vill synliggöra och betona vikten av att bevara och utveckla hela bebyggelsemiljöer, ofta med ett antal hus utöver huvudbyggnaden och tillhörande yttre miljö i staden eller på landet. Denna rapport visar kursdeltagarnas projektarbeten om nyttobyggnader. De har dokumenterat med traditionella och nya arbetsmetoder, inventerat och intervjuat, läst och besökt arkiv, värderat, analyserat och därefter föreslagit hur man ska ta hand om och utveckla nyttobyggnaderna i sina kulturmiljöer.
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| 3. |
- Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, 1978-
(författare)
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Practice makes perfect? : Sustainable practices with ICT and daily travel
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis shows how practice theory can be applied in different ways when exploring how daily life can be supported to become more environmentally sustainable. Ultimately the thesis aims to contribute to new knowledge on how to design policies and interventions that aim at facilitating environmentally sustainable practices. This thesis argues that practice theory is useful in the field of sustainability research since it offers as point of departure a perspective on human everyday life which decentres focus from individual behaviour and instead looks at how social practices are constructed by integrating and combining material, bodily and mental elements.The thesis discusses the following questions: i) How can the role of ICT in everyday life be conceptualized from a practice perspective?, ii) How can practice theory be used in order to describe and assess second order environmental effects? and iii) What are the key considerations from a practice perspective when designing social/physical interventions for sustainable mobility?The papers in this thesis all use practice theory as point of departure but with different outcomes. Practice theory is thus used conceptually, methodologically and analytically. The main conclusions of the thesis are: Changes in practices due to ICT usage will inevitably have environmental impacts, both negative and positive, and for policy-makers it is imperative to take this into consideration when planning for the future and actively support and facilitate sustainable social practices. Looking at changes in practices due to new ICT usage can be one way to include second order effects in environmental assessments, in this way contributing to a discussion of potential environmental impacts from implementing a new product, application or service.Interventions, such as a cargo bike pool or restrictive work travel policies, have the potential to change existing practices. However, the potential of these changes, depend on a variety of different factors which are more or less difficult to influence for the individual practitioner such as work location, time schedules, availability of transportation means and modes. Further, it is difficult to foresee exactly how such changes will look and if they sustain in the long run. Finally, it is not necessarily so that an intervention will have the desired outcome that was intended, the outcome might be something else, consequently this means that interventions need to be analysed and assessed from other perspectives, one being a practice perspective.
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| 4. |
- Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, 1978-
(författare)
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What is a sustainable everyday life? : Exploring and assessing the sustainability of everyday travel, sharing and ICT.
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a world where the general trend is unsustainable consumption patterns, can sustainable everyday life be enabled? This thesis sought to expand the knowledge base for policies and measures for sustainability, based on the assumption that consumption can be viewed as the outcome of practices in which people engage in their day-to-day life. The thesis addressed the overall aim by examining the following questions: How can information and communication technology (ICT) practices contribute to sustainable everyday practices? How can sharing practices, ICT-based and other, contribute to sustainable everyday practices? and How can travel practices, ICT-based and other, contribute to sustainable everyday practices?Empirical and conceptual studies revealed that ICT has become a fundamental and integral part of everyday practices and that digitalisation is a tangible material companion with implications for sustainability. ICT changes practices in ways that can be both positive and negative from a sustainability perspective. These second-order effects need to be addressed early when developing ICT solutions/services.ICT has also contributed to development of the sharing economy, by making sharing easier and scalable. However, although some sharing practices can contribute to overall sustainability, others could display a high potential and risk, simultaneously. It is therefore important to identify and mitigate negative effects and exploit the full potential of sustainable sharing activities from a policy perspective.Everyday travel is the outcome of people’s social practices. Travel practices are therefore ultimately interlocked with other practices and spatially and temporally structured. It can thus be quite difficult for city dwellers, although not impossible, to fit in new ways of carrying out everyday city travel rather than existing travel practices. New travel practices should be viewed as complementary if there are no other enabling factors at play, such as convenience, pricing, policies and/or infrastructural changes. If some form of policy and/or infrastructural change is introduced, it is possible to change travel patterns and ultimately reduce travel. Here too, ICT could enable changes in travel practices, e.g. through mediated meetings or vehicle sharing. However, for sustainable everyday travel to become widespread, urban planning issues are important. Policy documents and environmental targets can be used proactively to legitimise new policies that enable more sustainable travel practices.This thesis shows that everyday practices, in a relatively affluent European urban context, contribute greatly to environmental impacts. Hence, how everyday practices are structured, or could be re-structured, is critical for sustainable development. Practices shape, and are shaped, by their socio-material context. This requires an overall, holistic approach, as offered by practice theory and actor-network theory. A holistic approach is crucial from a sustainability policy perspective, as it enables measures that target some, or all, of the different elements (material, meaning, skills) that constitute practice. It may also be crucial for policies addressing temporal and spatial aspects that structure practices, e.g. societal schedules and people’s homes in relation to their workplace. This presents an opportunity that policymakers could further explore and exploit.
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| 5. |
- Herraiz-Adillo, Ángel, et al.
(författare)
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Life’s Essential 8 in relation to self-rated health and health-related quality of life in a large population-based sample : the SCAPIS project
- 2024
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 33, s. 1003-1014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To monitor cardiovascular health, in 2022, the American Heart Association (AHA) updated the construct “Life’s Simple 7” (LS7) to “Life’s Essential 8” (LE8). This study aims to analyze the associations and capacity of discrimination of LE8 and LS7 in relation to self-rated health (SRH) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods: This study from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) included 28 731 Swedish participants, aged 50–64 years. Three different scores were derived from the SF-12 questionnaire: 1-item question SRH (“In general, would you say your health is …?”), mental-HRQoL and physical-HRQoL. Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and ROC analysis were used to study the associations between the AHA scores in relation to SRH and HRQoL.Results: Compared to those with a LE8 score of 80, participants with a LE8 score of 40 were 14.8 times more likely to report poor SRH (OR: 14.8, 95% CI: 13.0–17.0), after adjustments. Moreover, they were more likely to report a poor mental-HRQoL (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 4.2–5.6) and a poor physical-HRQoL (OR: 8.0, 95% CI: 7.0–9.3). Area under curves for discriminating poor SRH were 0.696 (95% CI: 0.687–0.704), 0.666 (95% CI: 0.657–0.674), and 0.643 (95% CI: 0.634–0.651) for LE8, LS7 (0–14), and LS7 (0–7), respectively, all p values < 0.001 in the DeLong’s tests.Conclusion: LE8 and LS7 had strong and inverse associations with SRH, mental-HRQoL, and physical-HRQoL, though LE8 had a somewhat higher capacity of discrimination than LS7. The novel LE8, a construct initially conceived to monitor cardiovascular health, also conveys SRH and HRQoL.
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| 6. |
- Higueras-Fresnillo, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of psychological factors with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular health in middle-age : the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study (SCAPIS)
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health issue, primarily caused by atherosclerosis. Psychological factors may play a role in the development and progression of CVD. However, the relationship between psychological factors and atherosclerosis is complex and poorly understood. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the association of psychological factors with (i) coronary and carotid atherosclerosis and (ii) cardiovascular health according to Life’s Essential 8, in a large Swedish cohort.Methods: This study utilized data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), a large population-based project including individuals aged 50 to 65 years. Several psychological factors were analysed: general stress, stress at work, financial stress, major adverse life events, locus of control, feeling depressed, and depression. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed as the degree of stenosis by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores. Carotid atherosclerosis was examined using ultrasound. In addition, cardiovascular health was examined using the Life’s Essential 8 concept created by the American Heart Association, which includes four health behaviors and four health factors. Associations were examined through binomial logistic regression (atherosclerosis variables) and linear regression (Life’s Essential 8).Results: A total of 25,658 participants were included in the study. The presence of financial stress, higher locus of control, and depression was weakly associated with increased odds of CCTA stenosis, CAC ≥ 1 and the presence of carotid plaques (all odds ratios: 1.10–1.21, 95% CI: 1.02–1.32) after adjusting for sex, age, and study site. However, these associations were attenuated and not statistically significant after additional adjustments for socioeconomic factors and health behaviors. Conversely, we observed inverse associations between the worst category for all psychological factors and cardiovascular health according to Life’s Essential 8 score (all standardized β-Coefficient ≤-0.033, p < 0.001).Conclusion: While there were no strong and consistent associations between psychological factors and atherosclerosis, the consistent associations of psychological factors with cardiovascular health by Life’s Essential 8 may have relevance for future CVD risk. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the long-term effects of psychological factors on atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular health.
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| 7. |
- Higueras-Fresnillo, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of psychological factors with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular health in middle-age: the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study (SCAPIS)
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BMC. - 1471-2458. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health issue, primarily caused by atherosclerosis. Psychological factors may play a role in the development and progression of CVD. However, the relationship between psychological factors and atherosclerosis is complex and poorly understood. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the association of psychological factors with (i) coronary and carotid atherosclerosis and (ii) cardiovascular health according to Life's Essential 8, in a large Swedish cohort. Methods This study utilized data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), a large population-based project including individuals aged 50 to 65 years. Several psychological factors were analysed: general stress, stress at work, financial stress, major adverse life events, locus of control, feeling depressed, and depression. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed as the degree of stenosis by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores. Carotid atherosclerosis was examined using ultrasound. In addition, cardiovascular health was examined using the Life's Essential 8 concept created by the American Heart Association, which includes four health behaviors and four health factors. Associations were examined through binomial logistic regression (atherosclerosis variables) and linear regression (Life's Essential 8). Results A total of 25,658 participants were included in the study. The presence of financial stress, higher locus of control, and depression was weakly associated with increased odds of CCTA stenosis, CAC >= 1 and the presence of carotid plaques (all odds ratios: 1.10-1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.32) after adjusting for sex, age, and study site. However, these associations were attenuated and not statistically significant after additional adjustments for socioeconomic factors and health behaviors. Conversely, we observed inverse associations between the worst category for all psychological factors and cardiovascular health according to Life's Essential 8 score (all standardized beta-Coefficient <=-0.033, p < 0.001). Conclusion While there were no strong and consistent associations between psychological factors and atherosclerosis, the consistent associations of psychological factors with cardiovascular health by Life's Essential 8 may have relevance for future CVD risk. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the long-term effects of psychological factors on atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular health.
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| 8. |
- Högström, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Performing Sustainability : Institutions, Inertia, and the Practices of Everyday Life
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sustainable Stockholm<em></em>. - New York and London : Routledge. ; , s. 147-167
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WHEN DAGENS NYHETER, Sweden’s biggest newspaper, reported that a Stockholm urban development project planned to educate future residents about how to live an environmentally sound and healthy everyday life, the article caused an upsurge of protest and debate. The project under discussion was the Stockholm Royal Seaport, a high-profile sustainable urban redevelopment project and the new flagship in Sweden’s and Stockholm’s green-tech armada. To many, the project represented an unwanted revival of the social engineering type of public health promotional programs popular in Sweden during the 1930s and 1940s.1 Others went so far as to deride the project as an example of “eco-fascism.” However, at the very same time as debate onthe return of social engineering raged, the glass and steel building GlashusEtt (Glass House One) continued its practice of educating and promoting sustainable lifestyles, as it had been doing for 11 years. GlashusEtt is the environmental information center of the Hammarby Sjöstad project, a renowned example of sustainable urban development which attracts study delegations from all over the world. The mission of GlashusEtt is to educate the neighborhood’s inhabitants and visitors on environmental matters; in comparison to the Royal Seaport project, this mission was accepted without protest or questioning. Indeed, the Hammarby Sjöstad project had also seen its share of conflicts regarding environmental measures, but here these took the shape of power struggles over issues such as the number of parking spaces, the placement of windows, and the preservation of an endangered beetle.
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| 9. |
- Krämer, David Kitz, et al.
(författare)
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Direct activation of glucose transport in primary human myotubes after activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - Alexandria, USA : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 54:4, s. 1157-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma have been studied intensively for their insulin-sensitizing properties and antidiabetic effects. Recently, a specific PPARdelta activator (GW501516) was reported to attenuate plasma glucose and insulin levels when administered to genetically obese ob/ob mice. This study was performed to determine whether specific activation of PPARdelta has direct effects on insulin action in skeletal muscle. Specific activation of PPARdelta using two pharmacological agonists (GW501516 and GW0742) increased glucose uptake independently of insulin in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. In cultured primary human skeletal myotubes, GW501516 increased glucose uptake independently of insulin and enhanced subsequent insulin stimulation. PPARdelta agonists increased the respective phosphorylation and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase 1.9-fold (P < 0.05) and 1.8-fold (P < 0.05), of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 2.2-fold (P < 0.05) and 1.7-fold (P < 0.05), and of p38 MAPK 1.2-fold (P < 0.05) and 1.4-fold (P < 0.05). Basal and insulin-stimulated protein kinase B/Akt was unaltered in cells preexposed to PPARdelta agonists. Preincubation of myotubes with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reduced insulin- and PPARdelta-mediated increase in glucose uptake, whereas the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 was without effect. PPARdelta agonists reduced mRNA expression of PPARdelta, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1a, and SREBP-1c (P < 0.05). In contrast, mRNA expression of PPARgamma, PPARgamma coactivator 1, GLUT1, and GLUT4 was unaltered. Our results provide evidence to suggest that PPARdelta agonists increase glucose metabolism and promote gene regulatory responses in cultured human skeletal muscle. Moreover, we provide biological validation of PPARdelta as a potential target for antidiabetic therapy.
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| 10. |
- Planting-Bergloo, Sara, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera undersökningsbara frågor i naturvetenskap : Mangling av en didaktisk modell
- 2021
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Ingår i: LUMAT. - : LUMA Centre Finland. - 2323-7112. ; 9:1, s. 774-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En viktig målsättning för naturvetenskaplig undervisning är att utveckla förmågan att formulera undersökningsbara frågor. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur undervisning som utformats med hjälp av metoden Question Formulation Technique (QFT) kan stödja utveckling av elevers förmåga att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. QFT är en modell för att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera och värdera sina egna frågor i allmänhet. I studien prövas QFT i en svensk skolkontext och inom ramen för naturvetenskaplig undervisning. Studien genomfördes som en interventionsstudie i gymnasieskolan och inom ramen för kursen Gymnasiearbete. I kursen ska eleverna genomföra en egen naturvetenskaplig undersökning. QFT användes för att utforma undervisning som del av introduktionen till kursen. Data består av videoinspelningar av elevsamtal från undervisning som har analyserats utifrån ett pragmatiskt ramverk med organiserande syften och praktisk epistemologisk analys. Resultaten visar vilka närliggande syften som etableras i elevernas samtal om undersökningsbara frågor i undervisningen: (A) att producera så många frågor som möjligt, (B) att bedöma vilka frågor som är mest relevanta, (C) att kategorisera frågor, (D) att hitta och specificera ett undersökningsobjekt och (E) att planera för att genomföra en undersökning. Slutsatsen är att QFT kan fungera som stöd för lärares planering av undervisning om naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor under förutsättning att läraren aktivt stödjer eleverna i att uppmärksamma centrala kvaliteter avseende undersökningsbarhet och genom att binda samman närliggande syften med det övergripande syftet.
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