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- Sayeed, A., et al.
(författare)
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Handwashing with soap : A concern for overuse of water amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
- 2021
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 13, s. 100561-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Handwashing is one of the vital public health measures. It helps to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, water overuse during hand scrubbing with soap keeping the tap on may put enormous pressure on the already overstretched groundwater resources and households’ economic well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the overuse of water while scrubbing hands with soap for handwashing when the tap is on amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Sociodemographic data were collected using a web-based survey tool among 1980 participants and an experiment was conducted among 126 participants to estimate the overuse of water during hand scrubbing while the tap is on. A total of 80% of the participants washed their hands regularly after returning home from outside. About 57.3% of participants did not turn off their tap throughout the handwashing process. A single participant, who kept his tap on throughout the handwashing process, overused approximately 1.7 L of water per handwash and 14.9 L of water per day. Hand scrubbing with soap keeping the tap on, raised the overuse of water 13-fold during this pandemic compared to the non-pandemic situation which cost an extra 225.0 BDT (2.7$) per day for 1980 participants. Minimize the speed of tap, using automatic taps, and using taps operated by legs might be an effective solution to reduce the water overuse. Furthermore, behavioral change interventions are needed to aware people turn off the tap during hand scrubbing with soap.
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- Herath, I., et al.
(författare)
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Geochemical processes for mobilization of arsenic in groundwater
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability - Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016. - : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138029415 ; , s. 23-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an overview of natural geochemical processes that can mobilize arsenic (As) from aquifer sediments into groundwater. The primary source of As in groundwater is pre-dominantly natural (geogenic), and can be mobilized via complicated biogeochemical interactions within various aquifer solids and water. Oxidation of sulfide minerals such as arsenopyrite, As-substituted pyrite and other sulfide minerals are susceptible to oxidation in near surface environment, and release significant quantities of As from sediments. Reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) oxides/hydroxides 2and sulfide oxidation are the most common and significant geochemical triggers that tend to release As from aquifer sediments into groundwater. Hence, strengthening direct action and implementation of the best practices to target the safe groundwater sources for installing safe drinking water wells are an urgent necessity for sustainable As mitigation on a global scale.
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- Herath, I., et al.
(författare)
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Sulfur-arsenic interactions and formation of thioarsenic complexes in the environment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Arsenic in a ChangingWorld - 7th International Congress and Exhibition Arsenic in the Environment, 2018. - London : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138486096 ; , s. 210-211
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thiolated arsenic compounds are the sulfur analogous substructures of oxo-arsenicals as the arsinoyl (As=O) is substituted by an arsinothioyl (As=S) group. Relatively brief history of thioarsenic research, mostly in the current decade has endeavored to understand their consequences in the natural environment. However, thioarsenic related aspects have by far not attached much research concern on global scale compared to other arsenic species. This paper provides a critical overview on formation mechanisms of thioarsenicals and their chemistry aiming to direct future research towards thioasenic mitigation strategies. Sulfur-arsenite/arsenate interactions and dissolution of arsenic sulfide minerals are the main mechanisms that involve in the formation of different thioarsenic species in the natural environment. The formation and chemical analysis of thioarsenicals in soil and sediments are highly unknown. Future research needs to be more inclined towards in determining the molecular structure of unknown thioarsenic complexes in various environmental suites.
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- Ilankoon, I.M.S.K, et al.
(författare)
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E-waste in the international context : A review of trade flows, regulations, hazards, waste management strategies and technologies for value recovery
- 2018
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 82, s. 258-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- E-waste, or waste generated from electrical and electronic equipment, is considered as one of the fastest-growing waste categories, growing at a rate of 3–5% per year in the world. In 2016, 44.7 million tonnes of e-waste were generated in the world, which is equivalent to 6.1 kg for each person. E-waste is classified as a hazardous waste, but unlike other categories, e-waste also has significant potential for value recovery. As a result it is traded significantly between the developed and developing world, both as waste for disposal and as a resource for metal recovery. Only 20% of global e-waste in 2016 was properly recycled or disposed of, with the fate of the remaining 80% undocumented – likely to be dumped, traded or recycled under inferior conditions. This review paper provides an overview of the global e-waste resource and identifies the major challenges in the sector in terms of generation, global trade and waste management strategies. It lists the specific hazards associated with this type of waste that need to be taken into account in its management and includes a detailed overview of technologies employed or proposed for the recovery of value from e-waste. On the basis of this overview the paper identifies future directions for effective e-waste processing towards sustainable waste/resource management. It becomes clear that there is a strong divide between developed and developing countries with regard to this sector. While value recovery is practiced in centralised facilities employing advanced technologies in a highly regulated industrial environment in the developed world, in the developing world such recovery is practiced in a largely unregulated artisanal industry employing simplistic, labour intensive and environmentally hazardous approaches. Thus value is generated safely in the hi-tech environment of the developed world, whereas environmental burdens associated with exported waste and residual waste from simplistic processing remain largely in developing countries. It is argued that given the breadth of available technologies, a more systematic evaluation of the entire e-waste value chain needs to be conducted with a view to establishing integrated management of this resource (in terms of well-regulated value recovery and final residue disposal) at the appropriately local rather than global scale.
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