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- Hofäcker, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
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From Early Retirement to Active Ageing: Social Inequalities in the Transition from Work to Retirement
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sociological Problems. - 0324-1572. ; :49, s. 8-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European pension policies have undergone a fundamental change throughout the last 20 years from promoting early retirement to extending working lives. Following recent labour market data, it seems as if the efforts are successful in delaying older workers’ labour force exit and increasing their employment rate. Although this development is found across Europe, its extent varies largely by the country context. In addition, it also differs between social groups, hinting at a persistence (or even re-emergence) of social inequalities in the transition to retirement. Comparative evidence from the European labour force survey for fours elected country case studies suggests that already privileged groups benefit most from the policy shift, while low-skilled workers are struggling to extend their working lives in often hard working conditions.
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- Hofäcker, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
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Globalization and the transition from work to retirement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research Handbook on the Sociology of Globalization. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781839101564 ; , s. 319-327
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Retirement transitions are changing in many modern industrialised countries. The acceleration of globalisation changed the demands on labour markets and resulted in an expansion of early retirement policies. However, aging populations are increasingly posing a threat to the financial sustainability of pension systems, leading to efforts and reforms to restrict early retirement and encourage prolonged work. This chapter outlines the policy shift and changing trends from early retirement to extended working lives. It describes late careers and retirement patterns with a focus on social inequalities. The aim is to report the developments of retirement patterns in changing pension systems, reflect on the potential risks in terms of increasing social inequalities and shed light on most recent reaction to counteract these inequalities.
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- Hofäcker, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
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Wandel von Ruhestandsübergängen im politischen Paradigmenwechsel Europas: Späte Erwerbsphase und Rentenübergang in Deutschland, Österreich, Schweden und Estland : Change of retirement transition in the political paradigm shift in Europe: Late career and retirement transitions in Germany, Austria, Sweden and Estonia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-6704 .- 1435-1269. ; 52:Supplement 1, s. 40-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature. Background: In the last two decades labor market participation for older employees has undergone agradual political paradigm shift in many European countries from apolicy of early retirement to one of extending working lives and active aging. Objective: This study investigated if this political paradigm shift is causing new social inequalities in retirement transition due to restricted financial possibilities for early retirement. Material and methods: Data were derived from the European Union Labor Force Survey from the years 2006 and 2012 and selected European countries (Germany, Austria, Sweden and Estonia) were analyzed. Results: Associations between the specific implementation of the policy of active aging, the freedom of choice in retirement timing and retirement transition were found. It seems that voluntary retirement transitions are highest in those countries where the labor market and social policies are most coherent and aimed at supporting older workers’ employability. Conclusion: The reduction of early retirement incentives should be supported by active labor market policies and apolicy of extensive age-independent further training measures in order to minimize social inequalities.
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- Russo, Stefania, et al.
(författare)
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The value of human data annotation for machine learning based anomaly detection in environmental systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354. ; 206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anomaly detection is the process of identifying unexpected data samples in datasets. Automated anomaly detection is either performed using supervised machine learning models, which require a labelled dataset for their calibration, or unsupervised models, which do not require labels. While academic research has produced a vast array of tools and machine learning models for automated anomaly detection, the research community focused on environmental systems still lacks a comparative analysis that is simultaneously comprehensive, objective, and systematic. This knowledge gap is addressed for the first time in this study, where 15 different supervised and unsupervised anomaly detection models are evaluated on 5 different environmental datasets from engineered and natural aquatic systems. To this end, anomaly detection performance, labelling efforts, as well as the impact of model and algorithm tuning are taken into account. As a result, our analysis reveals the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches in an objective manner without bias for any particular paradigm in machine learning. Most importantly, our results show that expert-based data annotation is extremely valuable for anomaly detection based on machine learning.
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- Thurner, Lorenz, et al.
(författare)
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B-cell receptor reactivity against Rothia mucilaginosa in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2023
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation. - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 108:12, s. 3347-3358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a Hodgkin lymphoma expressing functional B-cell receptors (BCR). Recently, we described a dual stimulation model of IgD+ lymphocyte-predominant cells by Moraxella catarrhalis antigen RpoC and its superantigen MID/hag, associated with extralong CDR3 and HLA-DRB1*04 or HLA-DRB1*07 haplotype. The aim of the present study was to extend the antigen screening to further bacteria and viruses. The fragment antibody-binding (Fab) regions of seven new and 15 previously reported cases were analyzed. The reactivity of non-Moraxella spp.-reactive Fab regions against lysates of Rothia mucilaginosa was observed in 5/22 (22.7%) cases. Galactofuranosyl transferase (Gltf) and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh) of R. mucilaginosa were identified by comparative silver-and immuno-staining in two-dimensional gels, with subsequent mass spectrometry and validation by western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both R. mucilaginosa Gltf and Bdh induced BCR pathway activation and proliferation in vitro. Apoptosis was induced by recombinant Gltf/ETA'-immunotoxin conjugates in DEV cells expressing recombinant R. mucilaginosa-reactive BCR. Reactivity against M. catarrhalis RpoC was confirmed in 3/7 newly expressed BCR (total 10/22 reactive to Moraxella spp.), resulting in 15/22 (68.2%) cases with BCR reactivity against defined bacterial antigens. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of bacterial trigger contributing to subsets of NLPHL.
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