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Sökning: WFRF:(Hilaire Vincent)

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1.
  • Sirami, Clélia, et al. (författare)
  • Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:33, s. 16442-16447
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production.
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2.
  • Tchappi, Igor H., et al. (författare)
  • A critical review of the use of holonic paradigm in traffic and transportation systems
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Engineering applications of artificial intelligence. - : Elsevier. - 0952-1976 .- 1873-6769. ; 90
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper presents a critical review of the use of holonic paradigm in order to model and simulate traffic and transportation systems. After an introduction presenting the principles of this paradigm as well as its frameworks and concepts, the paper surveys existing works using the holonic paradigm for traffic and transportation applications. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the results of the survey. In particular, the relevance, the design approaches and the holonification orientation methodologies are investigated. Finally, based on this extensive review, open issues of holonic paradigm in modeling and simulation of traffic and transportation models are highlighted.
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3.
  • 2019
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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