| 1. |
- Bennet, Tova, et al.
(författare)
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A Swedish Perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Safeguarding the Quality of Forensic Assessment in Sentencing. - New York : Routledge. - 9781138577640 - 9781351266482 ; , s. 175-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Berlin, Johan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the psychometric properties of the externalizing spectrum inventory-brief form in a Swedish forensic psychiatric inpatient sample
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory-Brief Form (ESI-BF) [1] is a 160-item self-report instrument designed for the assessment of externalizing psychopathology, yet few studies to date have evaluated its psychometric properties, structural fit, and criterion validity in forensic psychiatric settings. Methods Here, we investigated these aspects in a sample of forensic psychiatric inpatients (n = 77) from a maximumsecurity forensic psychiatric hospital in Sweden. We firstly investigated the reliability. Secondly, using confirmatory factor analysis, the structure of the ESI-BF. And thirdly, using a Bayesian approach, assessed how the three ESI-BF subfactors relate to criterion measures of antisocial behaviors, substance use, and lifetime externalizing spectrum diagnoses. Results The ESI-BF demonstrated good to adequate reliability and internal consistency, with all but four facet scales exhibiting a and. values = 0.80. Average inter-item correlations for the facet scales ranged from 0.31 to 0.74. However, all structural models exhibited poor to mediocre fit, with model fit values for the CFI being 0.66, 0.79 and 0.87 and RMSEA values of 0.14, 0.12 and 0.09. for the unidimensional correlated factors and bifactor model, respectively. Regarding criterion validity, all subscales of the item-based ESI-BF three-factor model exhibited robust correlations with the Life History of Aggression total, aggression and antisocial/consequences subscales, with correlations ranging from 0.29 to 0.55. All ESI-BF subfactors demonstrated robust associations, yet with different externalizing outcomes, lending tentative support to its criterion validity. Conclusion Despite remaining ambiguities regarding its structural fit, the ESI-BF may be promising for assessing externalizing psychopathology in forensic psychiatric populations. However, further investigation of the ESI-BF is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn about its appropriateness in forensic psychiatric settings.
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| 3. |
- Bolund Lauenstein, Emma, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying associations between TCI personality dimensions and PCL-R psychopathy facets in young male offenders
- 2019
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Ingår i: The International Academy of Law and Mental Health (IALMH).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The psychopathy construct includes prominent maladaptive personality traits and behaviors. One of the most widely used instruments to asses this construct is the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). However, little empirical evidence exists regarding how this construct, according to PCL-R, can be understood in relation to theories of personality. Aim: To examine the relationships between components of psychopathy according to PCL-R, and personality dimensions as defined by Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Method: Young violent incarcerated offenders (n = 270) aged 18-25 years were assessed with both PCL R and TCI. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA), a multivariate analysis model, was used to obtain latent covariation between the four components of psychopathy from PCL-R and the seven personality dimensions of TCI to identify the variables that most strongly contributed to an association between these constructs. Results: The CCA resulted in two pairs of significant canonical variates (Rc2 = 0.32 and 0.17), where the full model was significant, Wilk’s λ = 0.51, F(28, 488.17) = 3.61, p < 0.001, indicating that a substantial proportion (i.e., 49 %) of the shared variance between PCL-R and TCI was explained. Overall the latent shared construct between TCI and PCL-R was construed of the temperament dimension Novelty seeking, and the character dimensions Self-directedness and Cooperativeness, and by the psychopathy facets Interpersonal, Lifestyle and Antisocial. Conclusion: Within the present sample, results suggest strong associations between TCI personality dimensions and psychopathy, indicating that psychopathy is possible to describe in more general personality terms. Moreover, the PCL-R psychopathy concept seemed to be more influenced by character than temperament dimensions, a finding important to investigate in future research since character have emerged as susceptible to influence by psychological interventions.
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| 4. |
- Bolund Lauenstein, Emma, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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PERSONALITY and PSYCHOPATHY – Identifying associations between Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) dimensions and PCL-R psychopathy facets in young male offenders
- 2019
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Ingår i: 13th Nordic Symposium on Forensic Psychiatry.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Personality is a wide concept and how to best capture and describe personality depends on the purpose of the investigation. When to investigate whether an individual has psychopathic features, use of Hare Psychopathic Checklist-Revised (PCL‑R) is common. However, this kind of instrument emphasizes personality traits and socially deviant behaviors which together may form maladaptive characteristics, but leaves other personality traits unspecified. Evidence-based personality assessments recommends to use a comprehensive design, collecting data from multiple theoretical perspectives and data sources to prevent bias and trawling for supporting evidence (Bornstein, 2017). This is especially problematic when it comes to differential diagnosis within personality disorders, due to the considerable overlap of traits between these disorders (Ryder et al., 2007) as well as poor interrater reliability (Kotov et al., 2017). The aim was to investigating the extent of construct overlap between dimensional personality traits according to TCI and psychopathy according to PCL-R among young violent offenders. The study cohort consists of male offenders, aged 18-25 years, convicted for hands-on violent and/or sexual criminality and sentenced to prison in western Sweden between March 2010 and July 2012. The response rate was 71% (n=270, mean age: 22.3 years), and of all these had 148 given valid answers to Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), while 146had been assessed with the PCL-R. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to explore how personality traits (TCI) were related to psychopathic traits (PCL-R) in this sample. The CCA entails three steps: 1) zero-order correlations; 2) unique associations based on regression, and 3) investigating the multivariate shared relationship between the different PCL-R facets and TCI-traits with a CCA. The overlap found in the CCA consisted of four functions, but only two were significant. Since only the first two functions were significant only these were interpreted, and shared approximately 49% of the variance. Function 1. Illustrated a conceptual overlap consisting of being intolerant, selfish and vindictive, being practical, distanced, cold and socially insensitive, as well as having a proneness to violate society’s rules and norms and the propensity for unethical behaviour. Function 2. Illustrated a conceptual overlap consisting of being superficially charming, grandiose, having an inflated ego and being voluble, deceitful and manipulative but also being grounded, strong, determined, purposeful, bold and exploratory. Both temperamental and character dimensions contributed to the observed overlap with psychopathy, of which Harm Avoidance and Novelty Seeking stood out among the former and Cooperativeness and Self-Directedness among the latter. However, compared to the considerably larger overlap found between personality disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and PCL-R facets (89%, see Daver, 2018), the results imply that a broader and not only pathological focus when assessing personality can contribute with important information. The results supports the importance of a broad focus in personality assessments, and to use a dimensional approach when describing personality features. The former can lead to a more complete picture of the assessed person, and the latter to a more versatile interpretation. Together, it can diminish stigma and may open up for more treatment options.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Green, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A latent class analysis of mental disorders, substance use, and aggressive antisocial behavior among Swedish forensic psychiatric patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients in the forensic mental health services (FMHS) with a mental disorder, a co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD), and high risk of aggressive antisocial behavior (AAB) are sometimes referred to as the ‘triply troubled’. They suffer poor treatment outcomes, high rates of criminal recidivism, and increased risk of drug related mortality. To improve treatment for this heterogeneous patient group, more insight is needed concerning their co-occurring mental disorders, types of substances used, and the consequent risk of AAB. Methods: A three-step latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify clinically relevant subgroups in a sample of patients (n = 98) from a high-security FMHS clinic in Sweden based on patterns in their history of mental disorders, SUD, types of substances used, and AAB. Results: A four-class model best fit our data: class 1 (42%) had a high probability of SUD, psychosis, and having used all substances; class 2 (26%) had a high probability of psychosis and cannabis use; class 3 (22%) had a high probability of autism and no substance use; and class 4 (10%) had a high probability of personality disorders and having used all substances. Both polysubstance classes (1 and 4) had a significantly more extensive history of AAB compared to classes 2 and 3. Class 3 and class 4 had extensive histories of self-directed aggression. Conclusions: The present study helps disentangle the heterogeneity of the ‘triply troubled’ patient group in FMHS. The results provide an illustration of a more person-oriented perspective on patient comorbidity and types of substances used which could benefit clinical assessment, treatment planning, and risk-management among patients in forensic psychiatric care.
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| 7. |
- Green, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing clinical guidelines for co-occurring substance use and major mental disorders in Swedish forensic psychiatry: An exploratory, qualitative interview study with mental health care staff
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0740-5472 .- 1873-6483. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Patients with substance use disorders (SUD) and co-occurring mental disorders (COD) within forensic psychiatric care often suffer poor treatment outcomes and high rates of criminal recidivism, substance use, and psychiatric problems. This study aimed to describe the conditions for, and mental health care staff's experiences with, implementing integrated SUD-focused clinical guidelines, including assessment and treatment for patients with COD at a high-security forensic mental health services (FMHS) facility in Sweden. Methods: Study staff conducted nineteen semi-structured interviews with health care staff experienced in administering the new SUD assessment and treatment. The study conducted a thematic analysis to describe the health care staff's experiences with these guidelines and suggestions for improvement. Results: Most participants reported appreciation for the implementation of clinical guidelines with an SUD focus, an area they considered to have previously been neglected, but also noted the need for more practical guidance in the administration of the assessments. Participants reported the dual roles of caregiver and warden as difficult to reconcile and a similar, hindering division was also present in the health care staff's attitudes toward SUD. Participants' reports also described an imbalance prior to the implementation, whereby SUD was rarely assessed but treatment was still initiated. One year after the implementation, an imbalance still existed, but in reverse: SUD was more frequently assessed, but treatment was difficult to initiate. Conclusions: Despite indications of some ambivalence among staff regarding the necessity of the assessment and treatment guidelines, many participants considered it helpful to have a structured way to assess and treat SUD in this patient group. The imbalance between frequent assessment and infrequent treatment may have been due to difficulties transitioning patients across the “gap” between assessment and treatment. To bridge this gap, mental health services should make efforts to increase patients' insight concerning their SUD, flexibility in the administration of treatment, and the motivational skills of the health care staff working with this patient group. Participants considered important for enhancing treatment quality a shared knowledge base regarding SUD, and increased collaboration between different professions and between in- and outpatient services.
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| 8. |
- Göranson, Lizel, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-Making Within Forensic Psychiatric Investigations: The Use of Various Information Sources by Different Expert Groups to Reach Conclusions on Legal Insanity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Which type of information experts use to make decisions regarding legal insanity within forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) is relatively unknown, both in general and when considering variations due to case context. It is important to explore this area to be able to counteract the effects of various kinds of cognitive bias. Method: The aim was to explore whether FPI expert groups differed regarding case-specific as well as general use of information types required to make decisions on severe mental disorder (SMD). Three FPI case vignettes were presented to three professional groups involved in FPIs in Sweden (n = 41): forensic psychiatrists (n = 15), psychologists (n = 15), and social workers (n = 11). The participants reported which types of information they required to reach conclusions regarding SMD in each case. They also reported which types of information they had used within general FPI praxis during the previous year and the information types’ perceived usefulness. Results: The expert groups differed somewhat regarding what type of information they required for the cases (e.g., results from cognitive testing), but some information was required in all cases (e.g., client’s self-report). Regarding the preliminary assessment of SMD in the three cases, minor differences were found. Within the general FPI praxis, experts reported using several information types, while the general perceived usefulness of these sources varied. Discussion: The professional groups relied partly on a “core” of information sources, but some case-specific adaptations were found. The professional groups’ inclination to suspect SMD also varied somewhat. This indicates a need to explore the potential consequences of these similarities and differences.
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| 9. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Alkoholpåverkade vittnens minne
- 2014
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Ingår i: Rättspsykologiskt symposium - Känslor och minne i rättsprocessen. Arrangerad av forskargruppen Criminal, Leval, and Investigative Psychology (CLIP), 2014-11-28, Göteborg. Symposium for domare m.m..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta föredrag presenterade vi hur kunskapsfältet ser ut gällande alkoholpåverkade vittnen.
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| 10. |
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Handbok i missbruks- och beroendepsykologi
- 2023
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I boken beskrivs hur begreppen missbruk och beroende har utvecklats över tid i interaktion med samhällsförändringar. Grundläggande neurobiologiska och beteendemässiga aspekter av missbruks- och beroendetillstånd presenteras, liksom det aktuella forskningsläget för klinisk utredning och bemötande av missbruks- och beroendetillstånd. Flera kapitel berör både teoretiska och kliniska aspekter av samsjuklighet och hur missbruks- och beroendebehandling kan behöva anpassas till olika former av samtidig psykiatrisk problematik. Handboken ger en översikt över rekommenderade behandlingsinsatser vid substansbruksyndrom utifrån aktuell forskning, och hur man inom missbruks- och beroendevård kan förhålla sig till begreppet evidensbaserad psykologisk praktik. Författarna behandlar missbruks- och beroendepsykologiska frågor på en samhälls- och organisatorisk nivå, och diskuterar hur vården kan organiseras för att optimera utredning och behandling. Denna bok vänder sig till studenter på alla utbildningsnivåer inom högre utbildning, särskilt till studerande inom psykologi, medicin och socialt arbete. Boken är också aktuell för personer som av personliga eller yrkesmässiga skäl är intresserade av missbruks- och beroendefrågor.
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| 11. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A bad start: The combined effects of early onset substance use and adhd and cd on criminality patterns, substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidity among young violent offenders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - : Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - 2002-0244 .- 2003-0177. ; 6:1, s. 39-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020, Lundh Research Foundation. All rights reserved. Substance abuse, conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are all known risk factors for developing aggressive behaviors, criminality, other psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders (SUD). Since early age of onset is important for aggravating the impact of several of these risk factors, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether young adult violent offenders with different patterns of early onset externalizing problems (here: substance use < age 15, ADHD, CD) had resulted in different criminality profiles, substance use problem profiles and psychiatric comorbidity in young adult age. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a variable-oriented approach (with Kruskal Wallis tests) and a person-oriented approach (with Configural frequency analysis). Overall, this combined approach indicated that persons with combined ADHD+CD and persons with CD + early onset of substance use had a more varied history of violent crimes, a more comprehensive history of aggressive behaviors in general, and more psychiatric comorbidity, as well as more varied SUD and destructive substance abuse in adult age, than persons without ADHD, CD or early SU. Results are in line with previous variable-oriented research, but also indicate that individuals in this group with heavy problem aggregation early in life have a wider spectrum of problems in young adult age. Importantly, among these young violent offenders, problem aggregation was the overwhelming norm, and not the exception, as in studies of the general population. This emphasizes the need for early coordinated interventions, but also that treatment within correctional facilities in adult age needs to be comprehensive and take individual patterns of comorbidity into account.
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| 12. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses’ memory of intimate partner violence
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X. ; 21:2, s. 156-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol affects memory in many, and mostly negative, ways. This is a problem in legal contexts as many witnesses are alcohol intoxicated when taking part of the critical event. However, research is sparse regarding how, and under what circumstances, the reports of alcohol intoxicated witnesses differ from those of sober witnesses. This study investigated if alcohol intoxicated and sober eyewitnesses differ regarding completeness, accuracy, and type of information reported, as well as if gender influenced these variables. Eighty-seven healthy men (n=44) and women (n=43) received either an alcoholic beverage (0.7g/kg) or a control (juice) in a laboratory setting before viewing a film picturing intimate partner violence. Ten minutes after viewing the film, they were interviewed. Reports by alcohol intoxicated women were less complete, but as accurate, as sober women’s. In contrast, intoxicated and sober men did not differ regarding completeness or accuracy. Furthermore, compared to sober women, intoxicated women reported fewer actions but no difference was found between the groups regarding reported objects. At this moderate dose, alcohol affected women’s reports more than men’s, which may be because alcohol affects attention and memory consolidation more clearly at a lower dose for women than for men.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol intoxicated witnesses' interpretation of social behavior in intimate partner violence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 33:4, s. 468-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Alcohol intoxication affects social information processing, though research is scarce regarding how alcohol affected eyewitnesses' perception of social interaction within an applied forensic context. In the present study, the effects of alcohol intoxication on eyewitnesses' perception of interaction in intimate partner violence (IPV) were investigated. The participants (n=152) were randomized to an experimental (alcohol) or control group (juice). After consumption, they viewed a filmed IPV scenario where both interacting parties were confrontational. Afterwards, they rated the involved parties' behavior. Several behaviors were perceived in a similar manner by intoxicated and sober participants, but intoxicated participants perceived both parties' attacking behaviors and some of the man's prosocial behaviors differently than sober participants. Hence, alcohol affected some, but not all, kinds of social behaviors investigated in the present study. This would be of interest to legal praxis and to future studies on intoxicated witnesses to interpersonal violence.
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| 15. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Intoxicated Witnesses: Perception of Aggression and Guilt in Intimate Partner Violence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 32:22, s. 3448-3474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many witnesses to violent crimes are alcohol intoxicated, but research is lacking regarding how alcohol affects their perception of aggression and guilt. This study investigated to what extent alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses differed from sober witnesses regarding how aggressive and guilty they perceived the involved parts in an intimate partner violence (IPV) situation. Eighty-seven healthy men (n = 44) and women (n = 43) were randomized to an alcohol group (0.7 g/kg) or a non-alcohol group. In a laboratory setting, alcoholic/non-alcoholic drinks were consumed before viewing a film depicting IPV between a man and a woman. Ten min after viewing, in an interview, the participants rated how aggressive and guilty they perceived the involved parts to be. Alcohol intoxicated participants perceived both parts’ physically aggressive behavior as comparatively less severe, but their neutral behavior as more hostile. Sober witnesses perceived the man to be the most guilty part, whereas intoxicated witnesses distributed guilt more evenly. Alcohol had a strong but complex impact on the perception of aggression in IPV (i.e., heightened during the neutral interaction and lowered during physical aggression). These results may be explained by the cognitive consequences of alcohol’s anxiety-dampening effects. Regarding the asymmetric difference in perceived guilt, stereotypical expectations of gender-appropriate behavior in an IPV situation may need to be considered.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Autistic Personality Traits and Treatment Outcome for Alcohol Use Disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 209:9, s. 665-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of personality traits for the outcome of psychiatric treatment, including treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), has been widely acknowledged. Also, research on autism spectrum disorders has evolved in recent years, emphasizing that the behavioral traits within these neuropsychiatric disorders exist on a dimension both within and outside the boundaries of psychopathology. In the present study, the relationship between personality traits associated with autistic functioning and level of alcohol use among patients before and after concluded AUD treatment was investigated. The participants (n = 165, diagnosed with AUD) were part of a longitudinal project on AUD treatment. Data from personality questionnaires (Structured Clinical Interview of Personality Disorders II and Temperament and Character Inventory) were used to assess autistic personality traits (APTs) based on behavior within Wing's triad, which were related to background and treatment outcome. The chosen APT items illustrated a personality functioning with an emphasis on social interaction and rigidity. Only certain included questions were indicative of still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry, which adhered to phobic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizoid personality traits, as well as rigidity/stubbornness. Albeit with modest influence, the degree of APTs was associated with heavier drinking at treatment entry, and symptoms relating to social interaction and rigidity were associated with still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry. A higher degree of such traits may result in having problems taking advice from others and establishing treatment alliance, important parts of treatment efficacy, making assessment of such traits relevant to clinicians.
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| 19. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Autistic Personality Traits and Treatment Outcome for Alcohol Use Disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 209:9, s. 665-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of personality traits for the outcome of psychiatric treatment, including treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), has been widely acknowledged. Also, research on autism spectrum disorders has evolved in recent years, emphasizing that the behavioral traits within these neuropsychiatric disorders exist on a dimension both within and outside the boundaries of psychopathology. In the present study, the relationship between personality traits associated with autistic functioning and level of alcohol use among patients before and after concluded AUD treatment was investigated. The participants (n = 165, diagnosed with AUD) were part of a longitudinal project on AUD treatment. Data from personality questionnaires (Structured Clinical Interview of Personality Disorders II and Temperament and Character Inventory) were used to assess autistic personality traits (APTs) based on behavior within Wing's triad, which were related to background and treatment outcome. The chosen APT items illustrated a personality functioning with an emphasis on social interaction and rigidity. Only certain included questions were indicative of still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry, which adhered to phobic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizoid personality traits, as well as rigidity/stubbornness. Albeit with modest influence, the degree of APTs was associated with heavier drinking at treatment entry, and symptoms relating to social interaction and rigidity were associated with still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry. A higher degree of such traits may result in having problems taking advice from others and establishing treatment alliance, important parts of treatment efficacy, making assessment of such traits relevant to clinicians.
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| 20. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984
(författare)
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Interviewing intoxicated witnesses: Memory performance in theory and practice
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564. ; 59:2, s. 113-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Memory encoding and recall involving complex, effortful cognitive processes are impaired by alcohol primarily due to impairment of a select few, but crucial, cortical areas. This review shows how alcohol affects some, but not all, aspects of eyewitnesses' oral free recall performance. The principal results, so far, are that: a) free recall reports by intoxicated witnesses (at the investigated BAC-levels) may contain less, but as accurate, information as reports by sober witnesses; b) immediate reports given by intoxicated witnesses may yield more information compared to reports by sober witnesses given after a one week delay; c) an immediate interview may enhance both intoxicated and sober witnesses' ability to report information in a later interview; and d) reminiscence seems to occur over repeated interviews and the new information seems to be as accurate as the previously reported information. Based on this, recommendations are given for future research to enhance understanding of the multifaceted impact of alcohol on witnesses' oral free recall of violent crimes.
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| 21. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Personlighetssyndrom och substansbruksyndrom
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbok i missbruks- och beroendepsykologi. - Stockholm : Liber AB. - 9789147147762
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I boken beskrivs hur begreppen missbruk och beroende har utvecklats över tid i interaktion med samhällsförändringar. Grundläggande neurobiologiska och beteendemässiga aspekter av missbruks- och beroendetillstånd presenteras, liksom det aktuella forskningsläget för klinisk utredning och bemötande av missbruks- och beroendetillstånd.
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| 22. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Possibly mad? Marital murder in the early twentieth century: a matched-case gender analysis of forensic psychiatric investigations in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY. - 0957-154X .- 1740-2360. ; 34:4, s. 451-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study illustrates the impact on forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) of time-specific scientific theories and moral normative considerations. A comparative historical perspective illustrates historical FPI procedures (i.e. methodology and focus), based on two matched FPI case reports from the 1930s: a man and a woman who had shot their respective spouses. First, in the analysis, a comparison was made between the two cases regarding assessment procedure and focus, applying a gender perspective, and second, stability and change in FPI praxis between the 1930s and the 2020s were identified. Similarities and differences were discussed based on changes in FPI praxis and influence of explanatory models within psychiatry. This can aid understanding of historical bias and indicate current bias and its risks to FPI reliability.
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| 23. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and heritability of alcohol use disorders in 18-year old Swedish twins
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - 1455-0725. ; 40:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Heritability of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) varies widely, with reported estimates of 30-78% in twin studies. This variation might be due to methodological differences (e.g., using different thresholds for AUDs, age differences between samples). Aim: To investigate the heritability of AUDs in a nation-wide sample of male and female twins in late adolescence (18 years). Participants: The study is based on data from 8,330 18-year-old Swedish monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study (Sweden). Method: Univariate sex-limitation twin analyses were performed using (a) total AUDIT score, (b) different AUDIT cut-offs (AUDIT-10: potentially harmful alcohol use and most likely alcohol dependent ; AUDIT-C: potential hazardous alcohol consumption/active alcohol use disorders), and (c) a risk-group classification for alcohol dependence based on AUDIT total score. Results: Prevalence of potential hazardous alcohol consumption/active alcohol use was 57.1%, and for potentially harmful alcohol use prevalence was 26.5%. Prevalence was higher among females (59.0% and 31.1% respectively) than males (54.4% and 20.0% respectively). Overall, the results of the univariate model fitting indicated that there were qualitative sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on AUDs, with generally moderate heritability estimates ranging between 0.37 and 0.50. Discussion: At odds with previous research, a harmful/hazardous drinking pattern was more common in this age group among females than a low-risk drinking pattern (where males were overrepresented). Heritability estimates were moderate throughout all measures and cut-offs, with equally high contributions from shared and non-shared environment. Sex-limitation models revealed qualitative sex differences for AUDs, suggesting that different genetic and/or environmental factors influence variation in AUDs in males and females.
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| 24. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The devil is not only in the details: gist and detail elaboration in intoxicated witnesses’ reports of interpersonal violence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 25:4, s. 319-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The empirical base relating to alcohol’s effects on underlying memory mechanisms among witnesses is sparse. Therefore, the effect of alcohol intoxication on memory mechanisms was investigated, as well as how degree of intoxication and interview delay affected gist and detail elaboration in these witnesses’ reports. Participants (n = 136) were randomized to an alcohol group (men: 0.8 g/kg, women: 0.75 g/kg) (n = 70) or a control group (n = 66), given juice. After consumption, they witnessed an intimate partner violence-scenario, and performed tasks assessing memory mechanisms. Half of the intoxicated and sober groups were interviewed immediately. The remaining participants were interviewed one week later. Inter alia, intoxication decreased total gist recall and elaboration capacity. In general, high intoxication (BAC = 0.08–0.15) made witnesses report fewer gist categories, and also to elaborate them less, but there were differences in gist/detail elaboration between levels of intoxication due to emotional context. Less reported information among intoxicated witnesses was caused both by omitting parts of the scenario and to less detailed elaboration. Emotional context influenced reporting among intoxicated witnesses on a gist and detail level. However, intoxication had less impact on gist/detail-elaboration than did a one week delay before interview, suggesting that witnesses should be interviewed immediately, despite intoxication.
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| 25. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Time and Alcohol Do Not Change Everything: How Intoxicated Witnesses Perceive Aggression in Intimate Partner Violence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 36:23-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although alcohol-intoxicated witnesses to violent crimes are common, research on how alcohol affects witnesses’ perception of aggression is sparse. In the present study, it was investigated whether different levels of intoxication altered how severe witnesses perceived aggression displayed by involved parties in an intimate partner violence (IPV) scenario to be. An experimental mixed-groups design 3 (sober vs. moderate vs. high breath alcohol concentration [BAC]) x 2 (immediate vs. one week delayed interview) was used. Socially drinking men and women (n = 137; 67 and 70, respectively) were randomized to an alcohol condition (0.8 g/kg adjusted to 0.75 g/kg for women, divided into two intoxication groups: moderate ≤0.08 and high ≥0.08) or a control condition (juice). They were also randomized into a direct interview condition or a delayed interview condition. In a laboratory setting, they consumed drinks and viewed an IPV scenario on film. During their interview, the participants rated how severe they perceived the involved parties’ aggression to be. Inter alia, participants in the high BAC group perceived both parties’ physically aggressive behavior as comparatively less severe than the sober and moderately intoxicated witnesses did. The high BAC group also perceived the IPV scenario as less unpleasant than the other two groups, and they maintained this perception over time and repeated interviews. A BAC level of ≥0.08 was required to significantly lower witnesses’ perceived severity of physical aggression, possibly caused by alcohol’s anxiety-dampening effect as well as its impairing effect on cognitive processing capacity over this level of intoxication. That alcohol intoxication at (or over) such a BAC level makes witnesses perceive physical aggression as less severe and less unpleasant, and also that such an altered perception holds over time and repeated interviews, is important for legal practitioners to be aware of when handling intoxicated witnesses to violence. Therefore, this issue warrants further investigation.
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| 26. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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To wait or not to wait? Improving results when interviewing intoxicated witnesses to violence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564. ; 58:1, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Witnesses to violent crimes are often alcohol intoxicated, but few studies have investigated the impact of alcohol on witness reports. This study investigated how alcohol intoxication and time of interview affected reports of intimate partner violence (IPV). One hundred thirty six healthy men (N = 66) and women (N = 70) were randomized to an alcohol group (0.8g/kg for men, 0.75g/kg for women) (N = 70) or control group (N = 66), given juice. Participants consumed drinks in a laboratory setting before they witnessed an IPV scenario. Fifty percent of the intoxicated and sober participants were interviewed ten minutes after viewing the film and all participants were interviewed one week later. For the analyses, participants in the alcohol group were divided into two groups (moderately/highly intoxicated) based on their BAC-level. Ten minutes after viewing the event, highly (BAC = 0.08-0.15) intoxicated witnesses gave shorter, but as accurate, reports as moderately intoxicated/sober witnesses. All witnesses gave shorter and less accurate reports one week later compared to immediately after. However, an immediate interview increased completeness one week later. In general, time and high intoxication made witnesses give less detailed accounts of actions and verbal information, but not of objects. Highly intoxicated witnesses reported less actions and verbal information in all interviews, while information regarding objects was reported to a similar extent. At the present BAC-level, it is beneficial to conduct an immediate free recall interview with intoxicated witnesses to obtain a maximum amount of correct information and minimize the negative effect of time.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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What does current science tell us about the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of intoxicated witnesses? A case example of the murder of a prime minister
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generally, the testimony of intoxicated witnesses has been considered relatively unreliable, but recent research has nuanced the knowledge base regarding these vulnerable witnesses. PurposeTo demonstrate the application of recent research findings regarding intoxicated witnesses to the statements made by a key witness to the murder of Olof Palme, Sweden's prime minister, in 1986. An additional purpose was to illustrate the use of a nuanced calculation of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for researchers. MethodsThe Palme murder has been debated since the crime was committed and no one has yet been sentenced. One of the witnesses was intoxicated and to estimate a range for his BAC at the time, a comprehensive BAC calculation was conducted in this study to illustrate important factors to consider in these types of cases. ResultsThrough the demonstration of the use of a nuanced BAC formula and by applying recent research results from studies on intoxicated witnesses, it was estimated that the possible BAC of the witness in the Palme-case at the time of the witnessed crime ranged between BAC = 0 to BAC = 0.13, depending on the type of alcoholic beverage consumed and whether the witness was a social or heavy drinker. This puts the witness either well within the span of maintained completeness as well as maintained accuracy rate (if considering: lowest dose and heavy drinker), or slightly exceeding this span into the BAC-range of reduced completeness but maintained accuracy rate (if considering: highest dose and social drinker). He was questioned immediately, and thereafter repeatedly, and he reported similar information throughout the interviews, which is in line with previous results on information maintenance over repeated interviews among intoxicated witnesses. ConclusionThe current case example shows how recent research on intoxicated witnesses can be applied in praxis, illustrating important factors for legal practitioners to consider when interpreting information from intoxicated witnesses. It also provides legal practitioners and researchers with an example of a structured approach to more nuanced BAC-calculations.
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| 30. |
- Hofvander, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Autism Spectrum Disorders in forensic psychiatric investigations-patterns of comorbidity and criminality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - 1664-0640. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere are contradictory research findings regarding whether individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are more or less likely to commit crimes. The aims of the current study were to: (1) Describe psychiatric and crime-related characteristics of a large group of offenders with ASD who had undergone a Forensic Psychiatric Investigation (FPI). (2) Identify clinical subgroups among this group of offenders. (3) Investigate associations between the identified clinical subgroups and (a) psychiatric comorbidity (b) types of crimes and (c) criminal responsibility. MethodsThe study cohort consists of all subjects (n = 831) who received an ASD-diagnosis at an FPI between 2002 and 2018 in Sweden. Descriptive and clinical, as well as crime related variables were obtained from the FPIs. Non-parametric (Pearson & chi;(2), Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U-test) inferential statistics were used for analyses of between-group differences and effect sizes were reported. A Latent Class Analysis was used to identify homogeneous subgroups (or classes) from categorical characteristics. ResultsThe cohort consisted of 708 men and 123 women, aged 18 to 74 yrs. Two-thirds (66.7%) of the cohort had at least one other psychiatric diagnosis, the most prevalent was substance use disorder (SUD). A severe mental disorder, equivalent to lack of criminal responsibility, was most often reported among offenders with a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The most common type of crime was violent crime. Three person-oriented clinical subgroups were identified; (1) ASD with few other diagnoses; (2) ASD and very high levels of SUDs, plus moderate levels of other externalizing disorders and psychotic psychopathology and (3) ASD and moderate to high levels of personality disorders (other than ASPD) and SUDs. ConclusionOur results highlight the importance of all parts of the CJS to be prepared to handle offenders with ASD, often with high levels of additional psychiatric problems. Traditional approaches in treatment or other psychosocial interventions for ASD may need to be adapted to at least three general clinical profiles- one with mainly neurodevelopmental problems, one with a spectrum of externalizing problems and one with complex personality related difficulties.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Meddeb, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion dysregulation - A bridge between ACE and aggressive antisocial behavior
- 2023
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Forensic populations have high prevalence rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), but specific pathways from childhood victimization to adult victimizing behavior remain unclear. Difficulties in emotion regulation may prove to be a more proximal risk factor that functions as a pathway between ACE and aggressive antisocial behavior (AAB). In this study, we investigated concurrent associations between ACE, AAB, and diffi-culties in emotion regulation and tested the mediational role of emotion dysregulation. Methods: A forensic psychiatric inpatient sample (N = 97) was recruited from a maximum-security forensic psychiatric hospital in Sweden. Data were collected through file reviews and self-reports and analyzed with mediation and correlation analyses. Results: Widespread bivariate associations among the study variables emerged, with small to moderate effect sizes. Distinct emotion regulation difficulties had unique relations to ACE and to different forms of AAB respectively. Evidence of significant indirect effects was limited and inconsistent across different types of analyses. Conclusions: Deficits in emotion regulation might be an important target of change in efforts to reduce AAB in forensic psychiatric patients with past ACE exposure. Attention to different dimensions of emotion regulation is crucial to deliver comprehensive interventions.
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| 37. |
- Punzi, Elisabeth, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Beteendeproblem
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbok i missbruks- och beroendepsykologi. - Stockholm : Liber AB. - 9789147147762 ; , s. 87-94
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Svensson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Experts' decision-making processes in Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations: A case vignette study.
- 2024
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Ingår i: International journal of law and psychiatry. - 1873-6386. ; 92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has previously been demonstrated that decisions made by forensic experts can suffer from issues with both bias and poor reliability. The outcome of Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations can have a major impact on the courts' choice of sanction for a mentally disordered offender. These investigations are performed by multi-professional teams of experts, where each expert is obliged to state their opinion on whether the client has a severe mental disorder (SMD) or not. In the present study, a case vignette design was used to simulate the decision-making process of forensic psychiatric investigations. Of the 73 Swedish experts working with forensic psychiatric investigations, a total of 27 (37%) participated in the study. The results showed that the Swedish experts formulated multiple diagnostic hypotheses about cases throughout the process and revised these hypotheses when presented with new information. There was substantial variation between the experts in which hypotheses were seen as most relevant. While the experts grew more certain of their opinions on SMD during the simulated investigation, there was considerable variation in their opinions both throughout and at the end of the process. Although low statistical power and the sample not being randomized limit generalizations, the results indicate no idiosyncratic patterns in the decision-making processes of Swedish experts or signs of confirmation bias. If used properly, the variation in both process and outcome could be used to safeguard and possibly increase the reliability and validity of the final decision of Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations.
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| 40. |
- Svensson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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The decision-making process in Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations.
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of law and psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6386 .- 0160-2527. ; 80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forensic psychiatric investigations in Sweden can have a major impact on the choice of sentence in criminal cases. Previous research shows that the decisions in several forensic fields, including forensic psychiatry, can be affected in a negative way by factors not relevant to the case. In the present study, the decision-making process of forensic psychiatric investigations was explored by using semi-structured interviews with experts (n=38) and analyzing these interviews thematically. The results showed that the decision-making process is both complex and iterative, where the experts use and shape a substantial amount of information to reach their decisions. The experts work in teams, which add both benefits and risks to the process, and feel that particularly time constraints may reduce the quality of their decisions. In summary, the decision-making process of Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations creates a potential for high validity, but also contains risks for bias effects that could warrant further mitigation.
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| 41. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Lethal and severe violence: Characterizing Swedish female offenders with and without a severe mental disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - 1664-0640. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: In studies on lethal and severe violence, male offenders have historically been in focus while female offenders, in comparison, have often been excluded. In this study, we aimed to characterize female violent offenders and compared those with and without a severe mental disorder (SMD). Method: All females charged with lethal or attempted lethal violence, who had undergone forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) in Sweden between 2000 and 2014, constituting the two groups SMD (n=84) and no SMD (n=91), were included. Information from their FPI reports and court verdicts was collected regarding background and demographics, mental health, substance use, and crime characteristics. Results: Overall, both groups were often unemployed, previously victimized within close relations, had psychiatric health issues, and more than half of them had previously attempted suicide. Specifically, the SMD group more often had psychotic disorders, had attempted homicide-suicide (at the time of the crime), and had children or friends/acquaintances as victims. The no-SMD group more often manifested patterns of anxiety, personality disorders, and substance use disorders compared to the SMD group. The no-SMD group also differed from the SMD group by more often having a previous criminal record, being charged with lethal index violence, having male adult intimate partners/ex-intimate partners as victims who had abused the offender, and both offender and victim had more often been under the influence of a substance. Conclusion: Female offenders of lethal and severe violence had a high prevalence of previous violent victimization which should be considered in forensic assessment and treatment regardless of the offender’s SMD status. However, more focus on substance use disorders and intimate partner relations appears relevant for females without an SMD. Contrary to that, early interventions regarding psychotic processes are probably a helpful preventive measure for females with an SMD. In sum, the heterogeneity of female offenders of lethal and severe violence emphasizes the necessity of developing nuanced interventions to meet their rehabilitative needs as well as the requirements of community protection.
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| 42. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Profiles of Female Perpetrators of Severe Violence
- 2019
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Ingår i: 13th Nordic Symposium on Forensic Psychiatry. August 20-22, Gothenburg, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Female offenders without a severe mental disorder show more criminogenic factors than those with. Both groups are characterized by mental health problems. We need to further characterize female offenders. Background Offenders of lethal/severe violence are in a majority of cases male, about 90% (Falk et al., 2014), and research has to a considerable extent focused on male violent offenders. Although less is known about female violent offenders than male offenders, previous research has indicated significant differences between male and female offenders of lethal/severe violence (Trägårdh et al., 2016; Yourstone et al., 2008). Since a majority of female perpetrators of lethal violence undergo a forensic psychiatric investigation (RPU/FPI), these documents contains important information about this group. Purpose The aim of this ongoing study is to characterize female perpetrators of severe violent crimes, and to compare female perpetrators sentenced to forensic psychiatric compulsory care with those sentenced to correctional treatment. Method This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. All forensic evaluations (FPI) made in Sweden between 2000-2014 (from The National Board of Forensic Medicine/RMV), and the subsequent court verdicts, in cases where women had used lethal/severe violence (n≈180) where used as the basis for data collection in this study. The present preliminary analyses (2-tests and ANOVA) contains approx. 26% (n=47) of the total group. Group differences were investigated regarding: Mental health (FPI) Risk factors (HCR-20 and PCL-R) Victim relation (FPI) Criminal behavior (FPI) Results Female offenders with and without a Severe mental disorder (SMD) seems to differ in some respects. For female offenders with a SMD, the crime was more likely to have been conducted in a less criminal context (see Table). For female offenders without a SMD, the following characteristics were more frequently present: Victim gender – male Substance abuse + Under the influence of substance (offender and victim) Previous violence between victim and offender Previous registered criminality Also, several common features between the SMD and non-SMD group of female offenders were found. The majority of all female offenders had: Previous psychiatric contact and diagnoses Previously attempted suicide No previously registered criminality Conclusions Preliminary results of the female perpetrators who had underwent a FPI seems to identify both substantial differences and similarities between those with versus without a SMD, where those without show more criminogenic factors. Both groups were also characterized by a high amount of mental illness. Also, these results supports previous research that female and male offenders of severe violence differ in important ways. Since a majority of female perpetrators of lethal violence undergo a forensic psychiatric investigation, these results should be generalizable to this group as a whole in Sweden. Based on these results, a great need to further characterize female offenders of severe/lethal violence remain.
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| 43. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk Profiles of Female Perpetrators of Severe Violence
- 2019
-
Ingår i: XXXVIth International Congress on Law and Mental Health. Rome, Italy.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this ongoing study is in a first step to characterize female perpetrators of severe violent crimes and compare those sentenced to forensic psychiatric compulsory care with those sentenced to correctional treatment in terms of mental health, risk factors, victim relation, and criminal behavior. All Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) from the year 2000 to 2014 of females who were charged for actual or attempted homicide, manslaughter, or involuntary manslaughter, will be scrutinized according to the above presented type of variables. Approximately 180 females underwent a court ordered FPI during this time period, where roughly 60% received compulsory forensic psychiatric treatment and the remaining 40% correctional treatment. In a second step will recidivistic crimes be mapped due to register based information requested from the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, covering new sentences up until the end of 2020. Preliminary data compiled from the FPIs will be presented. These data will be discussed in terms of their possible contribution to the knowledge about female perpetrators of severe violence and their risk profiles.
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| 44. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Riskprofiler av kvinnliga förövare av grovt/dödligt våld
- 2020
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Ingår i: Kvalitets- och forskningsdag, område 2, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhus. Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund: Förövare av grovt/dödligt våld är i en majoritet av fallen en man, ca 90% (Falk et al., 2014), vilket forskningen har fokuserat på. Även om mindre är känt om kvinnliga än manliga förövare, har tidigare forskning visat signifikanta skillnader mellan manliga och kvinnliga brottslingar (Trägårdh et al., 2016; Yourstone et al., 2008). Då en majoritet av kvinnliga förövare av grovt/dödligt våld genomgår en rättspsykiatrisk utredning (RPU) innehåller dessa dokument viktig information. Syfte: Att i den pågående studien karakterisera kvinnliga förövare av allvarliga våldsbrott och att jämföra de som har dömts till rättspsykiatrisk vård kontra kriminalvård. Metod: En undersökande beskrivande studie med tvärsnittsdesign. Alla RPUer som är gjorda i Sverige 2000–2014 (från Rättsmedicinalverket), och dom, där kvinnor hade använt grovt/dödligt våld (n≈180) studeras. Föreliggande preliminära analyser (Chi2-test och ANOVA) innehåller ca. 26% (n=47) av den totala gruppen. Gruppskillnader undersöktes beträffande: Psykisk hälsa, Riskfaktorer, Offerrelation, Kriminellt beteende. Resultat: För kvinnliga brottslingar med en allvarlig psykisk störning (APS) var det mer troligt att brottet har utförts i ett mindre kriminellt sammanhang (se tabell). För kvinnliga förövare utan APS gäller oftare: Manligt offer, Substansmissbruk + Under påverkan av substans (förövare + offer), Våld mellan offer + förövare, Registrerad brottslighet. Majoriteten av alla kvinnliga brottslingar, både med och utan APS, hade tidigare: Psykiatrisk kontakt + diagnoser, Försökt suicidera, Ingen registrerad brottslighet. Slutsats: Preliminära resultat avseende kvinnliga förövare av grovt/dödligt våld indikerar både väsentliga skillnader men också likheter mellan de med kontra utan APS, där de utan uppvisar mer kriminogena faktorer. Båda grupperna kännetecknades också av en hög grad av psykisk ohälsa. Resultatet stöder tidigare forskning om att kvinnliga och manliga brottslingar av allvarligt våld skiljer sig åt i flera avseenden. Sammantaget kvarstår ett stort behov av att ytterligare karakterisera dessa kvinnliga brottslingar.
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| 45. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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SEVERE AND LETHAL VIOLENCE: A CHARACTERISATION OF SWEDISH FEMALE OFFENDERS WITH AND WITHOUT A SEVERE MENTAL DISORDER
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 14th Nordic Symposium on Forensic Psychiatry. August 24-26, Helsinki, Finland.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When studying severe and lethal violence, male offenders have historically often been in focus while female offenders repeatedly have been excluded. Thus, our knowledge about females who commits severe violent crimes are scarce compared to what we know about male perpetrators of violence. The overall aim of this project is to characterize female offenders of lethal and severe violent criminality in general. More specifically, this will be done by identifying differences and similarities between violent female offenders with or without a severe mental disorder (SMD) respectively, concerning (1) background and demographic factors, (2) mental health and substance abuse/use, as well as (3) crime characteristics. In this ongoing descriptive project, all records for Swedish female offenders (N=175) who underwent a court ordered forensic psychiatric investigation (FPI) charged with attempted lethal or lethal violence between 2000 and 2014 were included. Both the FPI-report and court verdicts were reviewed and coded. Statistical comparisons (e.g., t-tests, χ2) for those with versus without an SMD (i.e., sentenced to forensic psychiatric compulsory care vs. correctional institutions) were carried out. Overall, this project demonstrates both common and specific group features for female offenders of severe and lethal violence with and without an SMD. No differences were found between the SMD vs. no-SMD group regarding background/demographic factors or previous care and mental health, and the whole sample was to similar extent unemployed and previously victimized within close relations. In contrast, significant differences were found between the SMD vs. no-SMD group regarding substance use/abuse, certain crime characteristics, and psychiatric diagnostics (with the SMD-group showing more severe psychiatric disorders, and the no-SMD group more substance use/abuse and previous criminal activity). In conclusion, these results have implications for future research, preventive measures, FPI praxis as well as risk management and treatment regarding female violent/homicide offenders within forensic psychiatry and correctional institutions.
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| 46. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Severe and Lethal Violence: Characterizing Swedish Female Offenders With and Without A Severe Mental Disorder
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IAFMHS CONFERENCE (International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services). June 14-16, Berlin, Germany.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: When studying severe and lethal violence, male offenders have historically often been in focus while female offenders, in comparison, have often been excluded. Thus, our knowledge about females who commits severe violent crimes are scarce compared to what we know about male perpetrators of violence. Method: In this ongoing descriptive study, all records for Swedish female offenders (N=175) who underwent a court ordered forensic psychiatric investigation (FPI) in connection with charges for attempted lethal or lethal violence between 2000 and 2014 were scrutinized. Both the written FPI and court verdicts were reviewed and data concerning demographic background, mental health, substance use, and crime characteristics (including offence behavior and victim-offender relationship) were systematized, and comparisons for those with versus without a severe mental disorder (SMD) were carried out. Results: Overall, the female offenders were commonly unemployed, previously victimized within close relations, had psychiatric health issues, and previously attempted suicide. When committing their crime, most of the offenders showed reactive (rather than instrumental) aggression, experienced provocation and an extreme arousal level. However, the non-SMD group more commonly showed stressor-related, personality and substance-related disorders compared to the SMD group. Also, the non-SMD group more often had a criminal record, and had been charged with lethal violence (current crime). In addition, this group also more often had a male adult intimate partner (IP)/ex. IP victim that had abused the offender, where both offender and victim were under the influence of a substance at the time of the crime. Further, the non-SMD group were at the time of the crime significantly more prone to have done little or no planning, and experienced exceptionally strong provocation, as well as a high but somewhat lower arousal level. On the contrary, the SMD group showed more psychotic disorders, more often attempted homicide-suicide (HS), and had children or friends/acquaintances as victims. Furthermore, the SMD group more often had done some planning, and had experienced no apparent provocation and the maximum arousal level at the time of the crime. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings demonstrate differing features of female offenders (with and without an SMD) of severe and lethal violence, which have implications for future preventive measures as well as risk management and treatment.
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| 47. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Women that Kill: Mental Health and Patterns of Risk Factors
- 2017
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Ingår i: XXXVth International Congress on Law and Mental Health. Prague, Czech Republic.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to characterize female perpetrators of severe violent crimes and compare those sentenced to forensic psychiatric compulsory care with those sentenced to correctional treatment in terms of mental health, risk factors, criminal behavior, victim relation, and number of as well as type of recidivistic crimes due to a longitudinal register based follow-up. All Swedish forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) from the year 2000 to 2014 of females who were charged for actual or attempted homicide, manslaughter, or involuntary manslaughter, will be scrutinized according to the above presented type of variables. Approximately 180 females underwent a court ordered FPI during this time period, where roughly 60% received compulsory forensic psychiatric treatment and the remaining 40% correctional treatment. This is an ongoing project currently collecting and scrutinizing the FPIs. The next step will be to request register information from The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention for new sentences during the study period. This project will be described and discussed in terms of its possible contributions to the knowledge about female perpetrators of severe violence. Finally, these points will be illustrated by some preliminary data.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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