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Sökning: WFRF:(Hill AF)

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1.
  • Bravo, L, et al. (författare)
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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2.
  • Tabiri, S, et al. (författare)
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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  • Khatri, C, et al. (författare)
  • Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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  • Mishra, A, et al. (författare)
  • Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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  • Taddei, C, et al. (författare)
  • Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 582:7810, s. 73-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions. - 1941-7632. ; 12:2, s. e007796-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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19.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). - 1524-4563. ; 73:3, s. 506-507
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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20.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. Heart failure. - 1941-3297. ; 12:2, s. e005869-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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21.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging. - 1942-0080. ; 12:2, s. e008809-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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22.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine. - 2574-8300. ; 12:2, s. e002439-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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23.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 139:5, s. 571-572
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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24.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes. - 1941-7705. ; 12:2, s. e005496-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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25.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical misinformation: vet the message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-8595. ; 55:1, s. 1-3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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26.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical misinformation: Vet the message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of electrocardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8430 .- 0022-0736. ; 53, s. 112-113
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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27.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical misinformation: vet the message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Cardiovascular research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1755-3245 .- 0008-6363.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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28.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation: Vet the Message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Cardiovascular drugs and therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7241 .- 0920-3206. ; 33:3, s. 275-276
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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29.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation: Vet the Message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 277, s. 1-2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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30.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation: Vet the Message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 8:3, s. e011838-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical misinformation: vet the message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2058-1742 .- 2058-5225. ; 5:2, s. 83-84
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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33.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical misinformation: vet the message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2055-6845 .- 2055-6837. ; 5:2, s. 62-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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34.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical misinformation: Vet the message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Heart rhythm. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-3871 .- 1547-5271. ; 16:3, s. 332-333
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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35.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical Misinformation: Vet the Message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. - 1533-4023. ; 73:2, s. 61-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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36.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical misinformation: vet the message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European journal of heart failure. - : Wiley. - 1879-0844 .- 1388-9842. ; 21:3, s. 264-265
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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37.
  • Hill, JA, et al. (författare)
  • Medical misinformation: vet the message!
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Cardiovascular research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1755-3245 .- 0008-6363. ; 115:14, s. E187-E188
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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38.
  • Howe, LJ, et al. (författare)
  • Within-sibship genome-wide association analyses decrease bias in estimates of direct genetic effects
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 54:65, s. 581-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of unrelated individuals capture effects of inherited variation (direct effects), demography (population stratification, assortative mating) and relatives (indirect genetic effects). Family-based GWAS designs can control for demographic and indirect genetic effects, but large-scale family datasets have been lacking. We combined data from 178,086 siblings from 19 cohorts to generate population (between-family) and within-sibship (within-family) GWAS estimates for 25 phenotypes. Within-sibship GWAS estimates were smaller than population estimates for height, educational attainment, age at first birth, number of children, cognitive ability, depressive symptoms and smoking. Some differences were observed in downstream SNP heritability, genetic correlations and Mendelian randomization analyses. For example, the within-sibship genetic correlation between educational attainment and body mass index attenuated towards zero. In contrast, analyses of most molecular phenotypes (for example, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) were generally consistent. We also found within-sibship evidence of polygenic adaptation on taller height. Here, we illustrate the importance of family-based GWAS data for phenotypes influenced by demographic and indirect genetic effects.
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39.
  • Krysko, O, et al. (författare)
  • Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with high numbers of alveolar mast cells and their degranulation
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13, s. 968981-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The systemic inflammatory response post-SARS-CoV-2 infection increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production, multi-organ damage, and mortality rates. Mast cells (MC) modulate thrombo-inflammatory disease progression (e.g., deep vein thrombosis) and the inflammatory response post-infection.ObjectiveTo enhance our understanding of the contribution of MC and their proteases in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of the disease, which might help to identify novel therapeutic targets.MethodsMC proteases chymase (CMA1), carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3), and tryptase beta 2 (TPSB2), as well as cytokine levels, were measured in the serum of 60 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (30 moderate and 30 severe; severity of the disease assessed by chest CT) and 17 healthy controls by ELISA. MC number and degranulation were quantified by immunofluorescent staining for tryptase in lung autopsies of patients deceased from either SARS-CoV-2 infection or unrelated reasons (control). Immortalized human FcεR1+c-Kit+ LUVA MC were infected with SARS-CoV-2, or treated with its viral proteins, to assess direct MC activation by flow cytometry.ResultsThe levels of all three proteases were increased in the serum of patients with COVID-19, and strongly correlated with clinical severity. The density of degranulated MC in COVID-19 lung autopsies was increased compared to control lungs. The total number of released granules and the number of granules per each MC were elevated and positively correlated with von Willebrand factor levels in the lung. SARS-CoV-2 or its viral proteins spike and nucleocapsid did not induce activation or degranulation of LUVA MC in vitro.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is strongly associated with activation of MC, which likely occurs indirectly, driven by the inflammatory response. The results suggest that plasma MC protease levels could predict the disease course, and that severe COVID-19 patients might benefit from including MC-stabilizing drugs in the treatment scheme.
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  • Romagnoni, A, et al. (författare)
  • Comparative performances of machine learning methods for classifying Crohn Disease patients using genome-wide genotyping data
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1, s. 10351-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Crohn Disease (CD) is a complex genetic disorder for which more than 140 genes have been identified using genome wide association studies (GWAS). However, the genetic architecture of the trait remains largely unknown. The recent development of machine learning (ML) approaches incited us to apply them to classify healthy and diseased people according to their genomic information. The Immunochip dataset containing 18,227 CD patients and 34,050 healthy controls enrolled and genotyped by the international Inflammatory Bowel Disease genetic consortium (IIBDGC) has been re-analyzed using a set of ML methods: penalized logistic regression (LR), gradient boosted trees (GBT) and artificial neural networks (NN). The main score used to compare the methods was the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) statistics. The impact of quality control (QC), imputing and coding methods on LR results showed that QC methods and imputation of missing genotypes may artificially increase the scores. At the opposite, neither the patient/control ratio nor marker preselection or coding strategies significantly affected the results. LR methods, including Lasso, Ridge and ElasticNet provided similar results with a maximum AUC of 0.80. GBT methods like XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost, together with dense NN with one or more hidden layers, provided similar AUC values, suggesting limited epistatic effects in the genetic architecture of the trait. ML methods detected near all the genetic variants previously identified by GWAS among the best predictors plus additional predictors with lower effects. The robustness and complementarity of the different methods are also studied. Compared to LR, non-linear models such as GBT or NN may provide robust complementary approaches to identify and classify genetic markers.
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43.
  • Tiihonen, J, et al. (författare)
  • Sex-specific transcriptional and proteomic signatures in schizophrenia
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 3933-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It has remained unclear why schizophrenia typically manifests after adolescence and which neurobiological mechanisms are underlying the cascade leading to the actual onset of the illness. Here we show that the use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons of monozygotic twins from pairs discordant for schizophrenia enhances disease-specific signal by minimizing genetic heterogeneity. In proteomic and pathway analyses, clinical illness is associated especially with altered glycosaminoglycan, GABAergic synapse, sialylation, and purine metabolism pathways. Although only 12% of all 19,462 genes are expressed differentially between healthy males and females, up to 61% of the illness-related genes are sex specific. These results on sex-specific genes are replicated in another dataset. This implies that the pathophysiology differs between males and females, and may explain why symptoms appear after adolescence when the expression of many sex-specific genes change, and suggests the need for sex-specific treatments.
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  • 2017
  • swepub:Mat__t
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45.
  • Glasbey, JC, et al. (författare)
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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