| 1. |
- Alfredsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Funktionskriterier för vägkonstruktioner : Förstudie
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det projekt som här rapporteras har som syfte att identifiera och beskriva de svårigheter och möjligheter som totalentreprenader medför, respektive erbjuder, för alla parter. Målet är att utveckla totalentreprenader på ett sådant sätt att branschens effektivitet ökas. Denna rapport är en förstudie där det studerats vilka krav som byggherren ska ställa på utföraren av en vägkonstruktion i en totalentreprenad med funktionsansvar och hur utföraren ska verifiera kraven. Arbetet har genomförts med medlemmar från olika aktörer i branschen och omfattat främst litteraturstudier och intervjuer. Kunskaper och erfarenheter har sammanställts och analyserats för att slutligen kondenseras ned till ett antal förslag till fortsatt arbete.Förstudien har pekat ut ett antal områden som viktiga för att påskynda framtida utveckling av totalentreprenader:Terminologi – idag råder viss begreppsförvirringAnalys av funktionella krav i tidigare projektTrafikantkravMiljökravUtveckling av funktionella krav i samverkanVäghållarekonomiRegelbetingade begränsningar av funktionella kravUppföljning och underlättande av erfarenhetsackumuleringImplementering av nya mått och mätmetoder
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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On risk management in large infrastructure projects
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vols 1-5. - 9789059660274 ; , s. 2785-2788
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large infrastructure projects are in general unique as the conditions and demands vary from one project to another. Furthermore, these projects are often related to risks of different nature due to high technological level, high environmental, public and political focus, long lead and project times, large and complex organizations, complex contracts etc. This paper aims to give some guidelines how to perform a successful management of risks in a large infrastructure project. The main conclusion is that the key to a successful risk management in a large infrastructure projects is early planning and a strict and continuous execution during the entire life-cycle of the project. Good planning and control of the risks enable an organized, comprehensive and iterative approach for identifying and evaluating the risks and give handling options necessary to optimize the project strategy. The management of risks should be performed as early as possible in the life-cycle of a project in order to ensure that critical risks are incorporated into the project plan and addressed with mitigation actions.
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| 3. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of Ground Vibrations due to Pile and Sheet Pile Driving
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. - : E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. - 1089-3032. ; 20:19, s. 11161-11176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving are part of a complex process involving several factors that influence both vibration magnitude and frequency. Better understanding and prediction of the vibrations generated will greatly benefit the civil engineering practice as well as the construction industry. An important component in understanding vibrations due to pile driving is to comprehend and understand working procedures and the influence of different factors. The objective is to present and discuss factors and working procedures that influence vibrations caused by pile driving, based on three current field tests and formerly presented experience from literature. It is concluded that the factors have the highest impact on ground vibrations due to pile driving are the geotechnical conditions, the vibration generated at the source, the distance from the source and the installation method.
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| 4. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing vibrations due to pile driving
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving are part of a complex process involving many elements and factors that influence both vibration magnitude and frequency. Better understanding and prediction of the vibrations generated will greatly benefit the civil engineering practice as well as the construction industry. An important component in understanding vibrations due to pile driving is to comprehend and recognise the factors that influence these vibrations. The objective of the present study is to identify factors that influence vibrations caused by pile driving. Furthermore, current models for prediction of vibrations are discussed and evaluated. Based on the literature study conducted it is concluded that the most important factors are the geotechnical conditions, the energy generated at the source and the distance from the source. The identified factors should be included in order to create a reliable prediction model for vibrations caused by pile and sheet pile driving
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| 5. |
- Deckner, Fanny, 1984-
(författare)
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Ground vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving : influencing factors, predictions and measurements
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ground vibrations due to pile driving are part of a complex process. Vibration is generated from the pile driver to the pile. As the pile interacts with the surrounding soil, vibrations are transferred at the pile-soil interface. The vibration propagates through the ground and interacts with structures, both above ground and underground. The vibration continues into the structure where it may disturb occupants and/or damage the structure.In this thesis the study of the vibration transfer process due to pile driving is limited to the vibration source and the wave propagation in the soil. Vibration transmission to adjacent buildings and structures is not studied. However, impact of vibrations on buildings is briefly discussed in the literature study.It is important to accurately predict the magnitude of ground vibrations that result from pile driving in urban areas, both over- and underestimated vibration levels lead to increased costs. A lot of research has been performed within this field of knowledge, but a reliable and acknowledged prediction model for vibrations induced by pile or sheet pile driving is still needed.The objective of the research project is to increase the knowledge and understanding in the field of ground vibrations due to impact and vibratory driving of piles and sheet piles. This research project also aims to develop a reliable prediction model that can be used by practising engineers to estimate vibration due to pile driving. This licentiate thesis presents the first part of the research project and aims to increase the knowledge and understanding of the subject and to form a basis for continued research work.The most important findings and conclusions from this study are:The main factors influencing vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving are; (1) the vibrations transferred from the pile to the soil, (2) the geotechnical conditions at the site and (3) the distance from the source.The vibrations transmitted from the pile to the soil depend on the vibrations transferred to the pile from the hammer, the pile-soil interaction and the wave propagation and attenuation in the plastic/elasto-plastic zone closest to the pile.There is today no prediction model that fulfils the criteria of the “perfect” prediction model; reliable but yet easy to apply.Future research should study the transfer of vibrations at the pile-soil interface, including the generation of a plastic/elasto-plastic zone in the area closest to the pile and how that affects the transfer of vibrations from the pile to the soil.
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| 6. |
- Deckner, Fanny, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Ground vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving : prediction models of today
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22nd European Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference. - Gothenburg : Swedish Geotechnical Society. - 9789163714351 ; , s. 107-112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of aconstruction work pile and sheet pile driving unavoidably generates vibrations.As of today construction works are often located in urban areas and along withsociety’s increasing concern of environmental impact the need for vibrationprediction prior to construction is of immediate interest. This study presents a review of the predictionmodels existing today. For prediction of ground vibrations from pile and sheetpile driving there are roughly three different types of models; empirical models,theoretical models and engineering models. A prediction model should bereliable in all cases where it is meant to be used. It is also important thatit is relatively easy to use and that the input data is easily obtained. Thisstudy concludes that, as of today, there is a lack of such a model. Today’smodels either lack in reliability or require great amounts of input data,knowledge and skills as well as time and money. The findings within this study constitutethe initial part of an on-going research project at the division of Soil- and RockMechanics at the Royal Institute of Technology in cooperation with the DevelopmentFund of the Swedish Construction Industry and NCC Construction Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Instrumentation System for Ground Vibration Analysis During Sheet Pile Driving
- 2015
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Ingår i: ASTM geotechnical testing journal. - : AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS. - 0149-6115 .- 1945-7545. ; 38:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To enable the study of the sheet pile-soil interaction during driving, it was essential to have a record of the sheet pile vibrations as well as the vibrations at depth in the surrounding soil. In this paper, an instrumentation system for vibration analysis during vibratory sheet pile driving was presented. The instrumentation system was used in a full-scale field test where vibrations were measured on the sheet pile as well as at depth in the ground. The new instrumentation system and the field test were thoroughly described. As a sheet pile was driven into the ground, vibrations were transferred both at the toe and along the shaft. Whether it was the toe or the shaft that created the largest contribution to vibrations in the ground is debated in literature. Results from the field test were presented in order to investigate the effect of the position of the sheet pile toe on the ground vibrations at depth. It was shown that, within a distance of about 1.6m from the driven sheet pile, the ground vibrations at depth were affected by the passing of the sheet pile toe. The current field test also indicated that the toe contributed to more ground vibrations than the shaft.
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| 8. |
- Deckner, F., et al.
(författare)
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Major vibration source during vibratory sheet pile driving – Shaft versus toe
- 2019
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Ingår i: 17th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ECSMGE 2019 - Proceedings. - : International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. - 9789935943613
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to increasing demand to maintain vibration levels below strict limits during construction, it is important to develop a better understanding of how vibrations emanate from the shaft and the toe during vibratory sheet pile driving. It is still unclear whether it is the shaft or the toe that contributes the most regarding induced ground vibration levels. A sheet pile shaft has a significantly larger area compared to the toe area. It is therefore expected that the shaft would contribute the more significantly. However, results from full scale field studies have shown that the sheet pile toe also has a large influence on ground vibration levels as the toe passes measurement points buried in the ground close to the vibrodriven sheet piles. This paper employs a numerical model developed to investigate the hypothesis that most of the ground vibrations emanate from the shaft during vibratory sheet pile driving. The results indicate during driving in clay the contribution from the toe and shaft to ground vibration depends on the sheet pile penetration depth, with the shaft dominating vertical ground vibrations for large penetration depths.
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| 9. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Markvibrationer vid spontning för Karlstad teater
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - Stockholm : Förlags AB Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; :1, s. 25-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Measured ground vibrations during vibratory sheet pile driving
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The installation of piles and sheet piles in the vicinity of existing foundations requires the engineer to predict the environmental impact on nearby structures and buildings. In the presented case study an extension of Karlstad theatre was planned, the theatre and surrounding buildings are founded on loose geological deposits close to the river delta of Klarälven. The uncertainty in predicting the environmental impact on the theatre and adjacent buildings led to the decision of performing a trial sheet piling using vibratory driving. The generated ground vibrations as well as the settlement of the ground surface were measured. The results of the measurements showed that large settlements occurred in the loose sand layer. It was also observed that the horizontal vibrations were larger than the vertical vibrations close to the driven sheet piles. From the field study it was concluded that geotechnical conditions as well as distance from the source have large impact on the generated vibrations. A comparison between measured and predicted vibrations using empirical relations gave valuable insights for the development of future prediction models.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Sheet pile behavior during vibratory driving : numerical study based on a field test
- 2017
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Ingår i: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. - 0267-7261 .- 1879-341X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrations due to sheet pile driving are a problem in many urban areas today. Increased knowledgeof the vibration transfer process from source to nearby objects is important in order to enableminimization of induced vibrations. The transfer of vibrations from sheet pile to soil is dependent onthe sheet pile behaviour during driving. This paper presents a 3D finite element study of thebehaviour of a vibratory driven sheet pile, complementing results from a full-scale field test. Thefinite element model accounts for strain dependent soil stiffness using an equivalent linear soilmodel. The conclusion is that the sheet pile bends considerably during driving with eccentricclamping. Furthermore, it is shown that the bending mode is similar irrespective of sheet pilepenetration depth.
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| 13. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Vibration transfer during vibratory sheet pile driving : a full-scale field test
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering. - : ICEGE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibration transfer between sheet pile and soil during vibratory driving is commonly modelled using theory developed for impact pile driving. However, field observations and previous literature show that a driven sheet pile vibrates both vertically and horizontally. A transfer of vibrations to adjoining sheet piles in the sheet pile wall can also be observed. Results from a full-scale field test are presented showing that driven sheet piles vibrate both horizontally as well as vertically and that vibrations to a high degree are transferred to adjoining sheet piles. Based on the results it is suggested that the common vibration transfer model is modified to better capture the real behavior of the driven sheet pile and the adjoining sheet pile wall.
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| 14. |
- Deckner, Fanny
(författare)
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Vibration transfer process during vibratory sheet pile driving : from source to soil
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vibratory driven sheet piles are a cost-effective retaining wall structure, and in coming decades the continued use of this method will be crucial for minimising costs within the construction sector. However, vibratory driven sheet piles are a source of ground vibrations, which may harm structures or induce disturbance. Most urban construction projects face strict limits on permissible vibration level. Being able to reliably predict the expected vibration level prior to construction is therefore highly important. Reliable prediction demands a profound knowledge of the vibration transfer process, from source to point of interest. This thesis focuses on clarifying the vibration transfer process and will serve as a platform for the future development of a reliable prediction model. The vibration transfer process is divided into two main parts: vibration source and vibrations in soil. The different parts in the vibration transfer process are studied and investigated with the help of a literature review, field tests and numerical modelling. Within the scope of this thesis, three field tests have been conducted and a new instrumentation system has been developed. The new instrumentation system enables recording of both sheet pile vibrations and ground vibrations at depth during the entire driving. The field tests aimed to study the vibration transfer from sheet pile to soil and the vibration transfer within a sheet pile wall, as well as the wave pattern in soil. To study sheet pile behaviour during driving a numerical model was developed, which is also meant to serve as a basis for further studies. The main scientific contribution of this thesis is the identification of the sheet pile behaviour during driving. For practical application, the main contribution is the development of an increased knowledge of the vibration transfer process from source to soil, together with the new instrumentation system and the development of the numerical model.
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| 15. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Wave patterns in the ground : case studies related to vibratory sheet pile driving
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. - : Springer. - 0960-3182 .- 1573-1529. ; 35:6, s. 2863-2878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving are known to cause discomfort for people, aswell as damage to nearby buildings and structures. To enable prediction of ground vibration levels itis important to acknowledge the wave patterns induced in the ground to correctly determine whichattenuation model to adopt. This paper presents wave patterns in the ground due to vibratory sheetpile driving based on field measurements from three case studies. The results show different wavepatterns in the ground. At the ground surface the wave patterns are elliptical, resembling Rayleighwaves. At depth in the soil the wave patterns are instead strongly polarized in different directions,indicating the presence of P- and S-waves. Moreover, wave patterns tend to become more irregularwith increasing distance from the source. This paper contributes to an improved understanding ofwave patterns in the ground during vibratory sheet pile driving, forming a platform for thedevelopment of a reliable prediction model.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hintze, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Effektivare hantering av geotekniska risker i infrastrukturprojekt
- 2006
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Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; :2, s. 22-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under de senaste årtionden har många infrastrukturprojekt blivit väsentligt dyrare och tagit längre tid att genomföra än beräknat. En stor del av projekten har dessutom orsakat kostsamma tvister för flera parter i projektet och för samhället. Kostnaderna för skador på grund av bristande hänsyn till de geotekniska faktorerna står för en betydande del av totalkostnaden.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Teddy, 1960-
(författare)
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Artificial Ground Freezingin Clayey Soils : Laboratory and Field Studies of Deformations During Thawing at the Bothnia Line
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artificial ground freezing as a method to temporarily stabilize and create hydraulic sealing in urban as well as in rural areas has been used in a number of Swedish construction projects, particularly during the last decade. One problem with the freezing of soil and rock is that fine-grained clayey types of soils have showed a tendency to under certain circumstances, during the thawing process, create a pore water overpressure and to consolidate, despite a change in the external loading conditions. In certain cases, this condition can be a desired effect as the soil mass after a freeze- and thaw cycle acquires overconsolidated properties. The main objectives of this study are, to describe and review the knowledge and current state of practice of artificial ground freezing, to increase the understanding about the conceptual behaviour for prognosis of the vertical deformation concerning artificial ground freezing and to compare and discuss results from laboratory and field studies concerning vertical deformation during thawing process for Bothnia soil. The field studies and the laboratory tests in this research study have been performed with soil from the freezing of the Bothnia Line in the vicinity of Stranneberget. The Bothnia Line is the railway link between Nyland, north of Kramfors, and Umeå. This thesis relates to a part of the Bothnia Line. It deals with the behaviour of soil during thawing by means of temporary stabilization and hydraulic sealing of fine-grained soil through artificial freezing using brine as the cooling agent. However, the reason behind the problem consists of the final deformations due to the thawing process. The general conclusions of this study are; the Bothnia soil water content decreased in mean approximately 14 % after a freeze-thaw cycle, which approximately corresponds to; wth = 0.8w – 1.5 the decrease of the water content has no correlation to the depth below ground surface, in contrast, there is a strong correlation between the undisturbed soil water content and the magnitude of the decrease in water content the soil liquid limit decreases after a freeze-thaw cycle, simultaneously as the relative share of clay and fine silt grains decreases while the relative share of more coarse grains increases the coarser and denser soil created after a freeze-thaw cycle obtains an increased preconsolidation pressure and an increased undrained shear strength.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Lucian, Charles
(författare)
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Geotechnical Aspects of Buildings on Expansive Soils in Kibaha, Tanzania : Preliminary Study
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this study is on potential problems resulting from construction on expansive soils in Kibaha region, Tanzania. For the fact that most of the affected structures are founded on expansive soils, a clear understanding of the soil behaviour and their interaction with structures, specifically as they relate to shallow foundations, has been of more interest to the study in order to evaluate properly the source of the problem. The geotechnical behaviour of expansive clay soils is investigated by looking into the geomorphologic, geological and climatic conditions and mineralogical composition of the soils in the study area. The geotechnical results are linked with the performance of the foundation as well as structures. Two sites, representative of known problem-areas in Kibaha were selected for geotechnical tests. Geotechnical site investigation consisted of open trial pits, profile description and the collection of both disturbed and undisturbed samples. The collected samples were submitted to soil laboratories at KTH and DIT for mineralogical composition tests, natural water content, density, Atterberg limits and swell tests (free swell and swelling pressure). The results of this investigation indicate that soil in Kibaha contains clay (31%), have high liquid limit (59%) and plastic limit (37%) which indicate high potential swell. Since swell potential and swell pressure are key properties of expansive soils, the swell parameters were measured by free swell tests and one-dimensional oedometer swell tests respectively. The free swell ranged from 100% to 150% and the swell pressure was in the region of 45 kPa. The properties of expansive soils were confirmed by the x-ray diffraction test which showed the presence of montmorillonite in the soil. It is from this fact that the source of the problem is in the expansive soils coupled with poor building materials. Physical conditions of the surveyed properties in the area confirmed the hypothesis of building damages due to poor building materials triggered by expansive soils. In support of the obtained data, the actual behaviour of the foundations is supplemented with prototypes of strip foundations whose performances are to be monitored over a long period. Finally, suggested are the ways forward to solve the problem of foundation on expansive soil.
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| 21. |
- Lucian, Charles, 1963-
(författare)
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Geotechnical Aspects of Buildings on Expansive Soils in Kibaha, Tanzania
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this study is on potential damages to buildings resulting from expansive soils in Tanzania, particularly clay soils in Kibaha. For the fact that most of the affected structures are founded on expansive soils, a clear understanding of the behaviour of soils and their interaction with structures has been of interest to the study in order to evaluate properly the source of the problem.The geotechnical behaviour of expansive clay soils is investigated by looking into the geomorphologic, geological and climatic conditions and mineralogical composition of the soils in the study area.Two sites, representative of known problem-areas in Kibaha were selected for geotechnical tests. Geotechnical site investigation consisted of open trial pits, profile description and the collection of both disturbed and undisturbed samples. To extend and amplify the findings, supplementary samples were collected from the environs of the two sites.The collected samples were submitted to soil laboratories at KTH, ARU, SEAMIC and DIT for mineralogical composition tests, natural water content, density, Atterberg limits and swell tests. The results of this investigation indicate that soils in Kibaha contains clay (31%), have high liquid limit (59%) and plastic limit (37%) which indicate high potential swell.Since swell pressure, free swell and swell percent are key properties of expansive soils, the swell properties were measured by free swell tests and one-dimensional oedometer swell tests. The free swell ranged from 100% to 150% and the swell pressure was in the region of 45 kPa. The coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) was determined for characterizing expansive clays. For all tested samples, COLE ranged from 0.09 to 0.14 indicating that soils fall in the region of high to very high expansion potential rating. The properties of expansive soils were confirmed by the x-ray diffraction test which showed the presence of smectite in the soil. Furthermore, total suction measurement technique using filter paper method indicated that the soils have high suction values, signifying that they have a tendency to swell upon wetting depending on plasticity of particular soil.The depth of the active zone was measured as a function of moisture variations in the profiles during two extreme weather conditions. The active zone depth was found to be between 1.0 and 2.0 m deep. Procedures to assess models to predict swell in the case study were outlined together with their validity.Vertical and horizontal spatial variability in selected soil properties was defined using geostatistical techniques through the fitting of variogram. The indicator semivariograms of both clay contents and free swell gave a range of 20 m horizontally and 1.0 m vertically, with the horizontal variograms exhibiting greater ranges than the dipping variograms.Physical conditions of the surveyed properties in the area confirmed that building damages are associated with poor building materials triggered by expansive soils. In support of the obtained data, the actual behaviour of the foundations was supplemented with prototypes of strip foundations whose performances were monitored over a period of four months. Finally, suggested are the ways forward to solve the problem of foundation on expansive soil
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Ma, Jianqin, et al.
(författare)
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Apparent Earth Pressures of Soft Soils overlying Hard Bedrock at South Link in Stockholm
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering - Soft Soil Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9780415422802 ; , s. 299-307
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The apparent earth pressures measured at the South Link Project in Stockholm are used to analyze the pressure on sheet pile walls at deep excavations in soft soils overlying bedrock. The depths of the excavations vary from 3 m to 16 m and the toes of the walls are keyed into bedrock. Measured apparent earth pressures are over the Peck's (1969) envelope for soft clay but approximate to initial stress at rest. The normalized distribution pattern of the pressures indicates a large apparent earth pressure in the upper part of a test section. The well kept anchor load contributes to the large apparent earth pressure. This case indicates that the beneficial effect of the presence of bedrock may be over-shadowed by the low strength of soft soils, especially when the distance from excavation level to bedrock is larger than the depth of excavation.
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| 25. |
- Ma, Jianqin, et al.
(författare)
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Back Analysis on a Deep Excavation in Stockholm with Finite Element Method
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering - Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0415408229 ; , s. 423-429
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A deep excavation section from the South Link in Stockholm is analyzed with 2D PLAXIS. The excavation, protected by anchor back-tied sheet pile walls, is 12-m-deep and 43-m-wide in soft soils overlying bedrock. Except wall installation, six soil excavations, five anchor preloading stages and seven consolidation analysis stages are presented in a Mohr-Coulomb model. The back-calculated lateral displacements in the numerical model are about 15% less than the monitored in the middle and lower parts of the test section, while about 20% larger in the upper part. The analysis results for the stage of soil excavation are closer to the monitoring results than for the stage of anchor preloading. The magnitude of settlement behind the sheet pile wall in the numerical model is less than that of the monitoring result. Negative soil volume strain is selectively used to discuss a possible mechanism with significant settlement increase.
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| 26. |
- Ma, J., et al.
(författare)
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Deformation of anchor-sheet pile wall retaining system at deep excavations in soft soils overlying bedrock
- 2010
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Ingår i: Deep and underground excavations. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784411070 ; , s. 126-131
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution gives a case study on the deformations of anchor back-tied steel sheet pile walls and retained soils at deep excavations in soft soils overlying bedrock in Stockholm. Instrumentation results show the deformation of the retained soils is larger than that from similar case histories. The monitored anchor stresses increase quickly in the early stages of excavation and decease gradually to a constant value during later stages, while the lateral displacements of the sheet pile walls increase gradually. The results of both monitoring and numerical analysis show that this dynamic feature becomes weak as the thickness of the underlying soils is small. The decrease of the anchor stresses is mainly due to the flectional behavior of the sheet pile wall and the stress rotation in the retained soils.
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| 27. |
- Ma, J. Q., et al.
(författare)
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Behavior of sheet pile walls at deep excavations in soft soils overlying hard rock in Stockholm
- 2008
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Ingår i: Int. Conf. Comput. Methods Adv. Geomech.. - 9781622761760 ; , s. 3922-3929
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deformation of retained soil is of importance for the design of a deep excavation in soft soil. The influence of bedrock underlying the soils on the behavior of the retaining wall needs proper evaluation. This contribution shows a case study on deep excavation in soft soil overlying bedrock at the South Link Infrastructure Project in Stockholm. The behavior of sheet pile walls at the South Link shows that both lateral displacement and settlement are larger than the magnitude from similar case histories. Exemplified by section 1/840N, the features of lateral displacement increment are analyzed with monitoring and PLAXIS simulating results. The analysis results indicate that the beneficial influence of bedrock may be overshadowed by the low strength of soils in which excavation occurs.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Olsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens riskhantering – nu med systemförståelse
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Geoteknikern hanterar i sin vardag många och ofta stora risker. Men trots att kostnaden för negativa utfall av geotekniska risker årligen bedöms ligga på flera miljarder kronor, används tillgängliga verktyg för strukturerad riskhantering sparsamt. I ett SBUF-projekt har vi tagit fram en vägledning för hur sådana verktyg kan användas i praktiken. Vi har i denna vägledning särskilt fokuserat på den för riskhanteringen så viktiga systemförståelsen av det geotekniska sammanhanget som man verkar i. Denna artikel är en sammanfattande kortversion av den slutrapport som författarna skrivit inom ramen för SBUF-projektet.
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| 32. |
- Spross, Johan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Geotekniska risker kan hanteras bättre
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - Stockholm : Förlags AB Bygg och teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; 108:1, s. 63-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 33. |
- Spross, Johan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Hantering av geotekniska risker i byggprojekt : Ett praktiskt tillämpningsexempel
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skador till följd av utfall av negativa geotekniska risker kostar stora summor för svensk byggindustri. Det krävs därför en effektiv och transparent riskhantering som kan minska kostnaderna. I dagsläget används sällan de verktyg som finns tillgängliga för riskhantering fullt ut i byggprojekten.Denna rapport visar hur ett sådant verktyg, Svenska Geotekniska Föreningens metodbeskrivning för geoteknisk riskhantering (SGF Rapport 1:2014), kan användas i praktiken. Vi ger ett omfattande illustrativt exempel på hur riskhantering kan utföras i alla skeden av ett typiskt geotekniskt projekt från idéfas till driftskede. Exemplet är fingerat men baserar sig på schakt och grundläggning till utbyggnaden av Hästsportens hus vid Solvalla travbana från 1992.Det är vår uppfattning att metodiken i SGF Rapport 1:2014 är tillämpbar på alla skeden i byggprocessen, från idéfas till driftfas, i både stora och små projekt. Det är dock avgörande att riskhanteringen anpassas till varje nytt projekt eller projektskede. Det strukturerade arbetssättet som metodiken ger höjer kvalitén på riskhanteringen jämfört med ett ad hoc-betonat arbetssätt, som man ofta ser i dagens projektstyrning.Med tanke på denna höjda kvalitet menar vi att riskkostnaderna kan bli mindre. En absolut grund för detta är dock att man uppfyller de fyra baskraven. Dessa syftar dels till att skapa och upprätthålla en kultur där man är medveten om risker som finns hur de påverkar projektet, dels till att definiera och tydliggöra riskhanteringen inom organisationen så att inget faller mellan stolarna. Därför är det viktigaste kravet att den som bestämmer har en medveten risksyn.
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| 34. |
- Spross, Johan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization of LCC for soil improvement using Bayesian statistical decision theory
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Reliability Engineering and Risk Management. - Singapore. ; , s. 392-397
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design decisions in geotechnical engineering typically need to be made under considerable uncertainty, both regarding presentgeotechnical conditions and future events occurring during the service life of the structure. To optimize the utility of societalinvestments, design decisions should consider the life cycle cost (LCC) and not only the construction cost. This paper investigates theapplicability of Bayesian statistical decision theory to assist in this decision making. The paper illustrates the concepts with a practicalexample, where a geotechnical engineer considers three design alternatives for the foundation of a road embankment: pre-fabricatedvertical drains with a surcharge, end-bearing and floating dry deep mixing columns. The effect of a potential extreme groundwaterdrawdown event on the LCC of these alternatives is analyzed and discussed. Concluding remarks are made on the relevance of suchdesign tools in a structured risk management in geotechnical engineering projects.
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| 35. |
- Spross, Johan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk management procedure to understand and interpret the geotechnical context
- 2022
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Ingår i: Georisk. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1749-9518 .- 1749-9526. ; 16:2, s. 235-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unexpected and unforeseen geotechnical events cause large cost increases in geotechnical engineering projects and threaten construction workers’ health and safety all around the world. Practical tools and guidelines for how to implement structured and effective risk management methods in geotechnical engineering projects are however few and rarely applied. The Swedish Geotechnical Society has therefore published a methodology for this issue. A key activity in this methodology is to create an understanding of and to interpret the geotechnical context in which the project is to be carried out. This paper presents a guide for how practising geotechnical engineers, hydrogeologists, and other related professionals can perform this activity in a structured way. The procedure is illustrated through the foundation design for a new office building in a geotechnically challenging environment.
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| 36. |
- Spross, Johan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Toward risk-based life cycle assessments in geotechnical design
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Following an increased focus on societal sustainability, life-cycle considerations have become more important for owners of geotechnical engineering structures. A structural design shall not only perform well at the completion of the structure, but facilitate structural performance over the whole service life. A sustainable geotechnical design should therefore strive to minimise the total life-cycle cost of the structure. As a consequence, the design needs to consider the effect of potential future hazards and allow for cost-effective maintenance.This report takes a first step toward risk-based life-cycle assessments in geotechnical design. The report reviews the current state of the art of probabilistic life-cycle assessments in civil engineering, with a focus on geotechnical design. Based on this, a probabilistic decision tool for geotechnical design from a life-cycle perspective is proposed. The applicability of the tool is then illustrated for a practical case, where different design alternatives for an embankment foundation on soft clay (vertical drains or dry deep mixing columns) are evaluated with respect to a potential groundwater drawdown event, occurring during the service life of the embankment. To facilitate this life-cycle cost assessment, novel reliability-based design methodologies were developed both for surcharges on vertical drains and for dry deep mixing columns. The research results are summarised in this final report and in six scientific articles, which have been appended.
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| 37. |
- Spross, Johan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Would risk management have helped? – A case study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geotechnical safety and risk V. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614995807 - 9781614995791
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reduce the costs of unexpected geotechnical events in construction projects in Sweden, the Swedish Geotechnical Society has adopted a general methodology for risk management. In this paper, we exemplify how the proposed risk management philosophy could have been applied on a sheet-pile wall, which failed in 1992 in Stockholm because the design did not consider the complex site conditions. Focusing on the design phase, we discuss how geotechnical risks may be managed effectively as a natural part of the engineer’s everyday work.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Strömberg, Larissa, et al.
(författare)
-
Making Concrete Pavements Competitive by Using the Standardized Framework for Comparisons of Infrastructure Projects in Terms of Cost-Efficiency and Climate Impact
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nordic Concrete Research. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0800-6377 .- 2545-2819. ; 62:1, s. 21-39
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Recension (refereegranskat)abstract
- espite the new Swedish client requirement to reduce the climate impact from the construction of roads, there has been relatively little research so far on how the optimization measures regarding the environmental impact of road pavements can be integrated in the traditional design. An increase in axle weights, changes of the traditional ways of travel, e.g. the use of automated and guided vehicles, and stricter customer requirements on reducing the climate impact require new approaches to steer the road and pavement industry towards more climate neutral solutions. This paper analyzes the latest standards for sustainability assessment of engineering works in an attempt to adjust these standards for assessing various road design options in a comparable and fair way, also when various materials are included.
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| 40. |
- Strömberg, Larissa, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization parameter sets for sustainable concrete in tunnels
- 2019
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Ingår i: ISEC 2019 - 10th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference. - : ISEC Press.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public and private clients are beginning to set complex optimization requirements, taking into consideration environmental and cost-efficiency parameters over the built construction’s lifetime. The early design process is currently irreversible, and this makes it difficult to change a concrete structure in the later detailed design stage, when more accurate information is available regarding environmental impact and life-cycle costs. There is a dilemma in complying with existing standards to achieve technical requirements while optimizing a concrete structure in order to reduce the climate impact. The long-term goal of the project is to develop a new theoretical concept for dynamic optimization strategies which can be applicable to the early design, the client-requirement preparation, the detailed design, the production and the follow-up stages. This paper presents the results of the up-start phase of the project. The work has focused on the identification of current practice regarding clients’ requirements for technical, environmental and cost-efficiency parameters. An analysis of these requirements with sprayed concrete (shotcrete) in a number of ongoing projects has led to the identification of optimization parameter sets. The project has also shown how the physical values of those parameters can be collected from existing statistics, experience recovery databases and previous project requirements, or calculated according to standardized methods and tools. The concept developed will be used in a demonstrative modeling in the next project step.
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| 41. |
- Viking, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic vibro-structure-soil interaction mechanism of vibrodriven sheet piles - A simplified view
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 17th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ECSMGE 2019 - Proceedings. - : International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. - 9789935943613
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results of documented soil motions in the ground based on full scale field tests of vibro-driven sheet piles. A novel simplified analytical view of the transfer mechanisms is presented for singular and in interlock driven sheet piles, describing the dynamic vibro-pile-soil-interaction at shaft as well at pile toe. The view comes out of experiences from numerous conducted field tests, based on a range of different results from self-developed sensors that's been mounted; on the driven piles, left in place on preinstalled piles, on- and in-depth of the soil at different radial distances in the soil volume beside the driven pile. The vibration transfer to soil at the pile-soil interface boils down to the pile motion. The motion of the pile is a consequence of how the driving force enters the driven profile. Results of infield observed soil motion are presented, the effects of how the pile vibrates both vertically, horizontally as well as transversally and how the motion of the driven profile connected to the adjoining sheet pile wall, is set into motion as well and therefore also transfers vibrations into the nearby soil.
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| 42. |
- Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy-Efficient Technologies and the Building’s Saleable Floor Area : Bust or Boost for Highly-Efficient Green Construction?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 3:3, s. 570-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the external measurements of a building are fixed, an increase in external wall thickness caused by additional insulation, for example, will lead to loss of saleable floor area. This issue has to be taken into account in the evaluation of investment profitability. This paper examines how technologies used in energy-efficient residential building construction affect the available saleable floor area and how this impacts profitability of investment. Using a modeled building and an analysis of the average construction cost, we assessed losses and gains of saleable floor area in energy-efficient buildings. The analysis shows that the impact of potential losses or gains of saleable floor area should be taken into account when comparing investment alternatives: building energy-efficient green dwellings or building conventional ones. The results indicate that constructing energy-efficient buildings and introducing very energy-efficient technologies may be energy- and cost-effective even compared with conventional buildings. Employing new products in energy-efficient construction allows benefit to be drawn from lower energy consumption during the life cycle of the building, but also from the increase in saleable floor area.
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| 43. |
- Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka, 1978-
(författare)
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In the Business of Building Green : The value of low-energy residential buildings from customer and developer perspectives
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An overarching aim of this research was to investigate the comprehensive value of green residential buildings as seen from two perspectives: that of the developer and that of the occupant (the customer). The dissertation consists of studies presented in seven papers. The studies conducted to investigate the developer’s perspective focused on construction cost and potential profit (papers I and VII). The customer’s perspective was examined with three approaches: the impact that energy and environment have on the decision to purchase (or rent) an apartment (paper V), willingness to pay for a green apartment (paper VI) and finally, the occupants’ satisfaction with the dwelling and indoor environment (papers II, III and IV). The first paper examines whether increased investment costs are profitable, taking into account the reduction in operating costs. The investment viability is approached by comparing investment in conventional and green residential building, particularly passive houses, using real construction and post-occupancy conditions. The increased investment costs in energy-efficient building were also the focus of paper VII. In this paper, the aim was to study how technologies used in energy-efficient residential building construction affect the available saleable floor area and how this impacts on the profitability of the investment. Potential losses and gains of saleable floor area in energy-efficient buildings were assessed using a modelled building and analysed with the help of the average construction cost.Papers II and IV present results from a study of occupants’ satisfaction and indoor environmental qualities. Both papers aim at comparing and analysing responses from occupants living in green and conventional buildings. Paper III focuses on a similar subject, but investigates occupants’ satisfaction among all adults living in multi-family buildings in Sweden, providing a national context for the results presented in papers II and IV. The results indicate that occupants are generally satisfied with their dwellings, but indoor environment proved to have a statistically significant effect on overall satisfaction.The results in paper V indicate that energy and environmental factors have a minor impact on customers’ decision to purchase or rent an apartment. However, availability of information on building energy and environmental performance may have an effect on the likelihood of the buyers’ being interested in environmental qualities and consequently an impact on their decision. The study presented in paper VI shows that customer interest in energy and environmental factors has a significant impact on stated willingness to pay for green dwellings. The paper discusses the stated willingness to pay for low-energy buildings and buildings with an environmental certificate and attempts to assess the rationale of the stated willingness to pay for low-energy dwellings given potential energy savings.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-energy versus conventional residential buildings : market, stimulants, investment cost and profit
- 2011
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Ingår i: SB11 Helesinki World Sustainable Building Conference. - Finland, Helsinki. - 9789517585347 ; , s. 314-315
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A good investment is measured by benefits it gives in return, and so financially viable investment is an elementary requirement for the stockholders. Cost and affordability have been often pointed as the greatest barrier in sustainable construction development [1] and further often brought up in the discussion about the “sustainable” or “green” investment profitability. It is therefore important to collect market evidence to facilitate understanding and evaluation of environmentally conscious investments in real estate.
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| 46. |
- Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-energy versus conventional residential buildings : cost and profit
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of European Real Estate Research. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-9269 .- 1753-9277. ; 5:3, s. 211-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the commercial aspect of “green” building construction and whether increased investment costs are profitable taking the reduction in operating costs into account. The investment viability is approached by comparing investment in conventional and “green” residential building, particularly passive houses, using real construction and post-occupancy conditions.Design/methodology/approach – The key data were obtained by surveys and personal interviews. The first survey was directed to the companies which had experience of building low-energy housing and the second survey to housing companies that actively manage operation of low-energy houses.Findings – Findings indicate that low-energy buildings are considered an interesting and sound business opportunity, and investment analysis indicates that low-energy houses (particularly passive houses) can be more attractive investments than conventional residential buildings. The long-term strategy of building low-energy buildings can give competitive advantages. The government initiative and the construction regulations are found to be necessary in eliminating the initial barrier to energy-efficient projects and achieving long-term environmental goals.Originality/value – This paper provides insights into the investment decisions and contributes to the understanding of the construction, operation and profitability of energy-efficient residential buildings.
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