| 1. |
- Absil, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Three years of harvest with the vector vortex coronagraph in the thermal infrared
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9781510601963 ; , s. 1-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several years, we have been developing vortex phase masks based on sub-wavelength gratings, known as Annular Groove Phase Masks. Etched onto diamond substrates, these AGPMs are currently designed to be used in the thermal infrared (ranging from 3 to 13 μm). Our AGPMs were first installed on VLT/NACO and VLT/VISIR in 2012, followed by LBT/LMIRCam in 2013 and Keck/NIRC2 in 2015. In this paper, we review the development, commissioning, on-sky performance, and early scientific results of these new coronagraphic modes and report on the lessons learned. We conclude with perspectives for future developments and applications.
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| 2. |
- Espinoza, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Intrusiveness management for focused, efficient, and enjoyable activities
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Disappearing Computer. - Berlin / Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540727255 ; , s. 143-157
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When technologies for distributed activities develop, in particular the rapidly developing mobile technology, a larger part of our time will be spent connected to our various distributed contexts. When we meet physically we bring technology, both artifacts and services, which enable us to participate in these non-local contexts. Potentially this is a threat to focused and efficient activities due to the intrusiveness of the technology. Our aim is to contribute to the restoration of a number of the desirable properties of traditional local technology-free contexts. The intrusiveness itself is caused by at least four typical phenomena that have influenced current technology: • Focus-demanding and clearly distinguishable artifacts like phones or PCs explicitly mediate interaction with the distributed context • The functionality of services is traditionally based upon the assumption that communication is a deterministic flow of passive information, which for example, does not include information of the participants´ current context • Services in general perform individually and without coordinated communication schemes • The switches between contexts introduce a high cognitive load as each distributed context typically has its own system of characteristic objects and rules. In the FEEL project, we have developed a system called “Focused, Efficient and Enjoyable Local Activities with Intrusiveness Management” (FEELIM) that constitutes an intermediate alternative between the technology-dense and technology-free environments, which addresses the problems cited above. This research is based on a collaborative and cooperative setting where problems of intrusiveness management are confounded by several users meeting and cooperating together as opposed to isolated users dealing with similar problems of interruption management (Chen 2004; Ho 2005).
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| 5. |
- Lubenow, Norbert, et al.
(författare)
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Should patients be informed about the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia before prolonged low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis post-trauma/orthopedic surgery?
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 79:3, s. 187-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated prothrombotic adverse drug effect that occurs less frequently with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) than with unfractionated heparin (UFH) in post-trauma/orthopedic surgery patients. The life-threatening nature of HIT raises the question whether informed consent for this treatment-induced adverse effect should be obtained, particularly as LMWH is often continued during the outpatient period when clinical and platelet count monitoring become problematic. Paradoxically, refusal of thromboprophylaxis as a result of seeking informed consent could increase risk for thrombosis. METHODS: We evaluated in patients undergoing routine LMWH thromboprophylaxis post-trauma/orthopedic surgery the feasibility of obtaining informed consent, using a standardized questionnaire to determine patient preferences. We also identified the proportion of HIT patients in our laboratory comprised of trauma/orthopedic surgery patients from 1995-1997 and 2002-2004 (time periods characterized, respectively, by UFH and LMWH thromboprophylaxis for this patient population). RESULTS: None of 460 patients in whom informed consent was administered rejected LMWH thromboprophylaxis. The patients' perception of the informed consent process and the written information provided about the risk of HIT and its risk due to clinical consequences were highly favorable. From 1995-1997 to 2002-2004, the proportion of HIT identified among trauma/orthopedic surgery patients declined from 30.3% to 1.2% (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining informed consent about HIT is feasible in written form and does not cause refusal of LMWH thromboprophylaxis. Despite the uncommon occurrence of HIT during LMWH thromboprophylaxis, informed consent increases patient's awareness of this potentially life-threatening adverse drug effect, an outcome that could increase outpatient recognition of the diagnosis.
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| 6. |
- Lubenow, Norbert, et al.
(författare)
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The severity of trauma determines the immune response to PF4/heparin and the frequency of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 115:9, s. 1797-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heparin can induce heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The combined effect of type of surgery (major vs minor) and heparin on this prothrombotic immune reaction to platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin was analyzed. In a randomized, double-blind study, trauma patients receiving low-molecular-weight (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) for thrombosis prophylaxis were assessed for PF4/heparin-antibody seroconversion, HIT, and thrombosis according to type of surgery. The risk for seroconversion was higher than major versus minor surgery odds ratio, 7.98 [95% confidence interval, 2.06-31.00], P = .003, controlled for potential confounders, as was the risk for HIT (2.2% [95% confidence interval, 0.3%-4.1%] vs 0.0%, P = .010). During LMWH compared with UFH thromboprophylaxis, HIT (1 of 298 vs 4 of 316; P = .370) and PF4/heparin seroconversion (1.7% vs 6.6%; P = .002) were less frequent, driven by differences in patients undergoing major surgery (incidence of HIT: LMWH 0.8% vs UFH 4.0%; P = .180; seroconversion rates: 4.0% vs 17.0%; P = .001). After minor surgery, no case of HIT occurred. The severity of trauma and the need for major surgery strongly influence the risk of an anti-PF4/heparin immune response, which is then increased by UFH. In major trauma certoparin may be safer than UFH because it induces HIT-antibody seroconversion, and the corresponding risk of HIT, less frequently.
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| 9. |
- Schafmayer, Clemens, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analysis of diverticular disease points towards neuromuscular, connective tissue and epithelial pathomechanisms
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 68:5, s. 854-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Diverticular disease is a common complex disorder characterised by mucosal outpouchings of the colonic wall that manifests through complications such as diverticulitis, perforation and bleeding. We report the to date largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for diverticular disease. Design Discovery GWAS analysis was performed on UK Biobank imputed genotypes using 31 964 cases and 419 135 controls of European descent. Associations were replicated in a European sample of 3893 cases and 2829 diverticula-free controls and evaluated for risk contribution to diverticulitis and uncomplicated diverticulosis. Transcripts at top 20 replicating loci were analysed by real-time quatitative PCR in preparations of the mucosal, submucosal and muscular layer of colon. The localisation of expressed protein at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results We discovered 48 risk loci, of which 12 are novel, with genome-wide significance and consistent OR in the replication sample. Nominal replication (p< 0.05) was observed for 27 loci, and additional 8 in meta-analysis with a population-based cohort. The most significant novel risk variant rs9960286 is located near CTAGE1 with a p value of 2.3x10-10 and 0.002 (OR allelic = 1.14 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.24)) in the replication analysis. Four loci showed stronger effects for diverticulitis, PHGR1 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.56), FAM155A-2 (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.42), CALCB (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33) and S100A10 (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33). Conclusion I n silico analyses point to diverticulosis primarily as a disorder of intestinal neuromuscular function and of impaired connective fibre support, while an additional diverticulitis risk might be conferred by epithelial dysfunction.
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| 10. |
- Schwartzkopf, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Monitoring of Scale Effects on Phase Selection and Plasmonic Shifts during the Growth of AgCu Alloy Nanostructures for Anticounterfeiting Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Nano Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0970. ; 5:3, s. 3832-3842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tailoring of plasmon resonances is essential for applications in anticounterfeiting. This is readily achieved by tuning the composition of alloyed metal clusters; in the simplest case, binary alloys are used. Yet, one challenge is the correlation of cluster morphology and composition with the changing optoelectronic properties. Hitherto, the early stages of metal alloy nanocluster formation in immiscible binary systems such as silver and copper have been accessible by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, we investigate in real time the formation of supported silver, copper, and silver-copper-alloy nanoclusters during sputter deposition on poly(methyl methacrylate) by combining in situ surface-sensitive X-ray scattering with optical spectroscopy. While following the transient growth morphologies, we quantify the early stages of phase separation at the nanoscale, follow the shifts of surface plasmon resonances, and quantify the growth kinetics of the nanogranular layers at different thresholds. We are able to extract the influence of scaling effects on the nucleation and phase selection. The internal structure of the alloy cluster shows a copper-rich core/silver-rich shell structure because the copper core yields a lower mobility and higher crystallization tendency than the silver fraction. We compare our results to MD simulation and TEM data. This demonstrates a route to tailor accurately the plasmon resonances of nanosized, polymer-supported clusters which is a crucial prerequisite for anticounterfeiting.
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| 11. |
- Schwartzkopf, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time insight into nanostructure evolution during the rapid formation of ultra-thin gold layers on polymers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Horizons. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2055-6764 .- 2055-6756. ; 6:2, s. 132-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-thin metal layers on polymer thin films attract tremendous research interest for advanced flexible optoelectronic applications, including organic photovoltaics, light emitting diodes and sensors. To realize the large-scale production of such metal-polymer hybrid materials, high rate sputter deposition is of particular interest. Here, we witness the birth of a metal-polymer hybrid material by quantifying in situ with unprecedented time-resolution of 0.5 ms the temporal evolution of interfacial morphology during the rapid formation of ultra-thin gold layers on thin polystyrene films. We monitor average non-equilibrium cluster geometries, transient interface morphologies and the effective near-surface gold diffusion. At 1 s sputter deposition, the polymer matrix has already been enriched with 1% gold and an intermixing layer has formed with a depth of over 3.5 nm. Furthermore, we experimentally observe unexpected changes in aspect ratios of ultra-small gold clusters growing in the vicinity of polymer chains. For the first time, this approach enables four-dimensional insights at atomic scales during the gold growth under non-equilibrium conditions.
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