| 1. |
- Hjalmarsson, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A matter of participation? : A critical incident study of municipal care personnel in situations involving care-dependent older persons and emergency medical services
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study aimed at describing municipal care personnel’s experiences of and actions in situations when older persons need emergency medical services (EMS) at home. METHODS: An inductive descriptive design adhering to critical incident technique (CIT) was used. Data were collected through interviews and free text written questionnaires, analysed in accordance with CIT procedure. RESULTS: Experiences related to the main areas of Lifesaving competence and Collaborative care. Lifesaving competence involved having sufficient knowledge to guide older persons in emergencies without organizational support. The lack of care alternatives carries dependence on inter-organizational collaboration, as well as having to accept the collaborative conditions provided by the EMS. Actions meant Adjusting to situational needs and EMS authority, which involved safeguarding the person while being directed by the EMS. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of organizational support, care alternatives, and structured collaboration jeopardize care-dependent older persons’ health, and ability to influence care when emergency situations occur at home. Municipal care personnel’s actions as the older person’s representative support human agency, allowing older persons to become active participants in care despite acute suffering. This study underlines the importance of further developing welfare policies that facilitate and regulate inter-organizational responsibilities of health and social care to favour older people.
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| 2. |
- Hjalmarsson, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing power : Ambulance personnel's lived experience of older persons' participation in care in the presence of municipal care personnel
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 37:3, s. 766-776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient participation is considered to promote well- being and is, there-fore, central in care contexts. Care- dependent older persons living at home constitute a vulnerable population with increased ambulance care needs. Care transfers risk challenging participation in care, a challenge that can be accentuated in situations involving acute illness.Aim: To illuminate meanings of older persons' participation in ambulance care in the presence of municipal care personnel from the perspective of ambulance personnel.Method: A phenomenological hermeneutical method was used to analyse tran-scripts of narrative interviews with 11 ambulance personnel.Results: The ambulance personnel's lived experience of older persons' participa-tion includes passive and active dimensions and involves a balancing act between an exercise of power that impedes participation and equalisation of power that em-powers participation. The main theme ‘Balancing dignity in relation to manipulat-ing the body’ included the themes Providing a safe haven and Complying with bodily expressions, which means shouldering responsibility for existential well- being and being guided by reactions. The main theme ‘Balancing influence in relation to per-ceived health risks’ included the themes Agreeing on a common perspective, Directing decision- making mandate, and Sharing responsibility for well- being, which means shouldering responsibility for health focusing on risks. Influence is conditional and includes performance requirements for both the older person and municipal care personnel.Conclusion: Care- dependent older persons' participation in care from the per-spective of ambulance personnel means recognising passive and active dimensions involving human dignity, the ability to influence care, and optimising care efforts through collaboration. This study provides a deepened understanding of the balanc-ing of power involved in ambulance care determining participation, where power is equalised or exercised depending on personal engagement, health risks, and available care options. The knowledge provided holds the potential to improve am-bulance care to benefit older persons in critical life situations.
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| 3. |
- Hjalmarsson, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristic patterns of emergency ambulance assignments for older adults compared with adults requiring emergency care at home in Sweden : a total population study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-227X. ; 20, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Since the vast majority of older adults in Sweden live in their private homes throughout life, the emergency medical services need to adapt accordingly. Hence, we aimed to describe characteristic patterns of dyadic staffed emergency ambulance assignments for older adults aged > 70 years compared with adults aged 18– 69 years requiring emergency care at home in Sweden.Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was performed using anonymized registry data from the emergency medical services in a region of Sweden during 2017–2018. One-sample χ2 test, one-way analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression models were used for investigating group differences. Variables for analysis were age, gender, clinical assessments, on-scene time, priority levels, result of response, and temporal patterns.Results: Of all included emergency ambulance assignments (n = 28,533), 59.9% involved older adults, of which 53.8% were women. The probability for older adults to receive the highest priority was decreased for both dispatch (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.66), and transport priorities (p < 0.001, OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68–0.80). Older adults were more likely to receive dispatch priority levels 2 (p < 0.001, OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.40–1.56), and 3 (p < 0.001, OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.46–2.06). The older adults were similarly more likely to receive transport priority level 3 (p < 0.001, OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.28–1.52) compared with adults. Age had a small but additive effect in relation to on-scene time (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.01, F = 53.82). Distinguishing initial clinical assessments for older adults were circulatory, respiratory, trauma, infection, and nonspecific assessments. Emergency ambulance assignments for older adults were more frequently occurring on Mondays (p < 0.001, χ2 = 232.56), and in the 08:00– 11:59 interval (p < 0.001, χ2 = 1224.08).Conclusion: The issues of the lower priority level preponderance, and the decreased probability for receiving the highest priority warrant further attention in future research and clinical practice.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hjalmarsson, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrusting life to professionals : A phenomenological hermeneutical study of older persons' participation in prehospital emergency care involving municipal home care and ambulance services.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Participation in care is considered to promote safe and qualitative care. Care-dependent older persons ageing in place have increased emergency care needs, which initiate inter-organisational collaboration involving municipal home care and ambulance services. Previous research concludes that uncertainties exist regarding what participation in care means in clinical practice, which necessitates the need to illuminate the phenomenon for older persons in critical life situations.Aim: This study aimed to illuminate meanings of participation in prehospital emergency care from the perspective of care-dependent older persons experiencing acute illness at home.Design: This study has a qualitative design with a lifeworld approach.Method: A phenomenological hermeneutical method was used to analyse transcribed telephone interviews with eleven care-dependent persons aged 70–93 years.Results: Care-dependent older persons' participation in prehospital emergency care means ‘Entrusting life to professional caregivers’ when being in helpless solitude and existentially unsafe, which emphasises a deepened interpersonal dependence. Meanings of participation in care from the perspective of older persons involve Being reassured in togetherness, Being pliant in trust of emergency expertise, Being enabled through the agency of professional caregivers, and Encountering readiness in the emergency care chain.Conclusion: Care-dependent older persons' participation in prehospital emergency care is existential and involves interpersonal dependence. Togetherness brings reassurance, safety and opportunity for emotional rest while accessing the professional caregivers' power, competence and abilities which provide opportunities for existence and movement towards well-being and continued living.Implications for practice: Prehospital emergency care from the perspective of care-dependent older persons transcends organisational boundaries and includes the municipal mobile safety alarm service. The involved municipal and regional organisations need to provide support by implementing lifeworld-led care models and care alternatives that enable professionals to recognise the existential dimension of participation in care.
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| 6. |
- Hjalmarsson, Alfred, et al.
(författare)
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No obesity paradox in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Data from the Swedish registry of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resuscitation plus. - 2666-5204. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although an "obesity paradox", which states an increased chance of survival for patients with obesity after myocardial infarction has been proposed, it is less clear whether this phenomenon even exists in patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and if diabetes, which is often associated with obesity, implies an additional risk.To investigate if and how obesity, with or without diabetes, affects the survival of patients with OHCA.This study included 55,483 patients with OHCA reported to the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation between 2010 and 2020. Patients were classified in five groups: obesity only (Ob), type 1 diabetes only (T1D), type 2 diabetes only (T2D), obesity and any diabetes (ObD), or belonging to the group other (OTH). Patient characteristics and outcomes were studied using descriptive statistics, logistic, and Cox proportional regression.Obesity only was found in 2.7% of the study cohort, while 3.2% had obesity and any type of diabetes. Ob patients were significantly younger than all other patients (p≤0.001); the 30day-survival was 9.6% in Ob, and 10.6%, 7.3%, 6.9%, and 12.7% in T1D, T2D, ObD, and OTH, respectively, with OR (95% CI) of 0.69 (0.57-0.82), 0.78 (0.56-1.05), 0.65 (0.59-0.71), and 0.55 (0.45-0.66) for Ob, T1D, T2D, and ObD, respectively (reference group OTH). No time-related trends in 30-days survival were found.Obesity was present in 6% of the population and was associated with younger age and a 30% reduction in survival; a combination of obesity and diabetes further reduced the survival rate.
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| 7. |
- Hjalmarsson, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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When older persons need Emergency Medical Services at home : a critical incident study on Swedish municipal care personnel
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Older persons in Sweden can continue to live at home, assisted by the municipal home care services. Older age raises the risk of emergency situations that require involvement of the emergency medical services (EMS). Such situations intersect two different organizations, the municipal social care services and the regional EMS. The transfer of care between the organizations might impact the older persons´ health, and quality of life or death. Research question: How do municipal care personnel describe their experiences of and actions in situations when older persons are in need of EMS? Design: The study has a qualitative inductive design. Sample: Municipal care personnel (n=19) consisting of home care personnel and security alarm responders. Data collection and analysis: Data was collected through group interviews and free text written critical incidents analyzed according to critical incident technique. Results: Experiences related to the two main areas Lifesaving competence, and Collaborative care, which encompass the four categories Emergency knowledge, Companionship in a vulnerability, Limited caring options and Conditions for EMS collaboration. Actions related to the one main area Adjusting actions to actual conditions, which encompasses the three categories Adapting care to emergency needs, Safeguarding the person, and Adapting actions to EMS leadership.
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| 8. |
- Paul, Enni, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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”Sen dess slutade godisar växa där” : tolkande läsning inom modersmålsämnet
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forskning om undervisning och lärande. - 2000-9674 .- 2001-6131. ; 10:1, s. 31-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I denna designbaserade studie utforskas hur tolkning av skönlitteratur förändras när lågstadieelever i modersmålsämnet ryska själva intar en författarroll. En utgångspunkt är att meningsskapande i mötet med texter är dialogiskt till sin natur och inbäddat i ett historiskt, kulturellt och socialt sammanhang. Begreppet intertextualitet, det vill säga att texter bär med sig ett eko av andra texter, används dels för analys av transkriberade samtal mellan en modersmålslärare och hennes elever, dels för analys av elevernas egenförfattade berättelser. Resultaten visar att elevernas tolkningar förskjuts från textens yta till det som finns ”gömt” inne i texten, samt från förgivettaganden baserade på den egna livsvärlden i och utanför skolan till tolkningar med intertextuella kopplingar till undervisningens sammanhang. Tolkningarna blir även mer flerstämmiga, vilket bidrar till utveckling av en egen röst. Resultaten pekar på att eleverna genom undervisningsinterventionerna blir del av en tolkande gemenskap, där läsförståelseutvecklingen sker inbäddad i ett sammanhang, snarare än som en dekontextualiserad aktivitetet.
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| 9. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Costs of Victimization.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Zimmermann K. (eds).. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319573656
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter surveys existing research about the causes and consequences of criminal victimization. It emphasizes the empirical challenges faced by researchers in studying such questions and highlights studies that put forth research designs that can credibly disentangle correlation from causation. This chapter is organized into three sections. First, it reviews the correlates and/or causes of victimization, and highlights the role of alcohol, exposure, and precautionary behavior. The second part discusses the impact of direct exposure to victimization on individual outcomes, including physical health, mental health and well-being, labor market outcomes, changes in behavior, and the victim-offender overlap. Finally, the third part highlights the consequences of indirect exposure to crime (i.e., not being a victim oneself) in the neighborhood and family. An overarching theme is that this is a young literature that has recently gained momentum in overcoming the limited availability of data capable of answering these important questions.
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| 10. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Discontinuities in the Age-Victimisation Profile and the Determinants of Victimisation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Economic Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0013-0133 .- 1468-0297. ; 134:657, s. 95-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dutch victimisation rates increase by 9%-15% immediately upon reaching ages 16 and 18. We disentangle the role of the many rights granted at these ages using offence location data, cross-cohort variation in the minimum legal drinking age driven by a 2014 reform and survey data of alcohol/drug consumption and mobility behaviours. We conclude that access to weak alcohol, bars/clubs and smoking increases victimisation at 16 and that age-18 rights (hard alcohol, marijuana coffee shops) exacerbate this risk; vehicle access does not play an important role. We find no evidence of systematic spillovers onto individuals still ineligible for these rights.
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| 11. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Discontinuities in the Age-Victimization Profile and the Determinants of Victimization
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many rights are conferred on Dutch youth at ages 16 and 18. Using national register data for all reported victimizations, we find sharp and discontinuous increases in victimization rates at these ages: about 13% for both genders at 16 and 9% (15%) for males (females) at 18. These results are comparable across subsamples (based on socio-economic and neighborhood characteristics) with different baseline victimization risks. We assess potential mechanisms using data on offense location, cross-cohort variation in the minimum legal drinking age driven by a 2014 reform, and survey data of alcohol/drug consumption and mobility behaviors. We conclude that the bundle of access to weak alcohol, bars/clubs and smoking increases victimization at 16 and that age 18 rights (hard alcohol, marijuana coffee shops) exacerbate this risk; vehicle access does not play an important role. Finally, we do not find systematic spillover effects onto individuals who have not yet received these rights.
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| 12. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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How Punishment Severity Affects Jury Verdicts: Evidence from Two Natural Experiments
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7731 .- 1945-774X. ; 10:4, s. 36-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the effect of punishment severity on jury decision-making using archival data from London's Old Bailey Criminal Court from 1772 to 1871. We exploit two natural experiments in English history, resulting in sharp decreases in punishment severity: the offense-specific abolition of capital punishment and the temporary halt of penal transportation during the American Revolution. Using difference-in-differences to study the former and a pre-post design for the latter, we find a large, significant and permanent impact on jury behavior: juries are more likely to convict overall and across crime categories. Moreover, the effect size differs with defendants' gender.
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| 13. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Prisons, recidivism and the age–crime profile
- 2017
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Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765. ; 152:March 2017, s. 46-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the economic and non-economic channels that led to a U-shaped trend in the average age of male convicts in 19th century London using detailed data from the Old Bailey central criminal court. In addition to discussing industrialization and changing attitudes towards juveniles as potential mechanisms underlying the initial decrease and subsequent increase in criminal age, we put forth a new explanation of the latter. Did the abolition of capital punishment and penal transportation, which led to the rise of the modern day prison system and the emergence of recidivism, lead to a mechanical increase in the average age of criminals?
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| 14. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Fall of Capital Punishment and the Rise of Prisons: How Punishment Severity Affects Jury Verdicts
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies the effect of punishment severity on jury decision-making using a large archival data set from the Old Bailey Criminal Court in London from 1715 to 1900. We take advantage of three natural experiments in English history, which result in sharp decreases in punishment severity: The offense specific abolition of capital punishment in the 1800s, the temporary halt of penal transportation during the American Revolution, and the abolition of transportation in 1853. Using a difference-in-differences design to study the abolition of the death penalty and pre-post designs to study the temporary and permanent halts to transportation, we find that decreasing expected punishment (especially via the end of the death penalty), had a large and significant impact on jury behavior, generally leading to the jury being ‘harsher’. Moreover, we find that the size of the effect differs with defendants’ gender and criminal history. These results raise concerns about the impartiality of juries as well as the implicit assumption often made when designing and evaluating criminal justice policies today – that the chance of conviction is independent of the harshness of the penalty.
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| 15. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of the First Professional Police Forces on Crime
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper evaluates how the introduction of professional police forces affected crime using two natural experiments in history: the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police (the first police force ever tasked with deterring crime) and the 1839 to 1856 county roll-out of forces in England and Wales. The London Met analysis relies on two complementary data sources. The first, trial data with geocoded crime locations, allows for a difference-indifferences estimation that finds a significant and persistent reduction in robbery but not homicide or burglary. A pre-post analysis of the second source, daily police reports of both cleared and uncleared crime incidents, finds a significant reduction in all violent crimes but offsetting changes in uncleared (decrease) and cleared (increase) property crimes. These (local) reductions in crime are not just due to crime displacement but represent true decreases in overall crime. Difference-in-difference analyses of the county roll-out find that only sufficiently large forces, measured by the population to force ratio, significantly reduced crime. The results are robust to controlling for spill-over effects of neighboring forces.
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| 16. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Persistence of the Criminal Justice Gender Gap: Evidence from 200 Years of Judicial Decisions
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We document persistent gender gaps favoring females in jury convictions and judge sentences in nearly 200 years of London trials, which are unexplained by case characteristics. We find that three sharp changes in punishment severity locally affected the size and nature of the gaps, but were generally not strong enough to offset their persistence. These local effects suggest a mechanism of taste-based discrimination (paternalism) where the all-male judiciary protected females from the harshest available punishment.
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| 17. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Persistence of the Criminal Justice Gender Gap: Evidence from 200 Years of Judicial Decisions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Law & Economics. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0022-2186 .- 1537-5285. ; 63:2, s. 297-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We document persistent gender gaps favoring females in jury convictions and judges' sentences in nearly 200 years of London trials, which are unexplained by case characteristics. We find that three sharp changes in punishment severity locally affected the size and nature of the gaps but were generally not strong enough to offset their persistence. These local effects suggest a mechanism of preference-based discrimination (paternalism) in which the all-male judiciary protected females from the harshest available punishment.
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| 18. |
- Gustafsson, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics, survival and neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in young adults in Sweden : A nationwide study.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - 2666-5204. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive overview of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in young adults.METHODS: The data set analyzed included all cases of OHCA from 1990 to 2020 in the age-range 16-49 years in the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (SRCR). OHCA between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed in more detail. Clinical characteristics, survival, neurological outcomes, and long-time trends in survival were studied. Logistic regression was used to study 30-days survival, neurological outcomes and Utstein determinants of survival.RESULTS: Trends were assessed in 11,180 cases. The annual increase in 30-days survival during 1990-2020 was 5.9% with no decline in neurological function among survivors. Odds ratio (OR) for heart disease as the cause was 0.55 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.67) in 2017-2020 compared to 1990-1993. Corresponding ORs for overdoses and suicide attempts were 1.61 (95% CI 1.23-2.13) and 2.06 (95% CI 1.48-2.94), respectively. Exercise related OHCA was noted in roughly 5%. OR for bystander CPR in 2017-2020 vs 1990-1993 was 3.11 (95% CI 2.57 to 3.78); in 2020 88 % received bystander CPR. EMS response time increased from 6 to 10 minutes.CONCLUSION: Survival has increased 6% annually, resulting in a three-fold increase over 30 years, with stable neurological outcome. EMS response time increased with 66% but the majority now receive bystander CPR. Cardiac arrest due to overdoses and suicide attempts are increasing.
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| 19. |
- Hederos Eriksson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of family background and neighborhood effects as determinants of crime
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Population Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-1433 .- 1432-1475. ; 29:1, s. 219-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We quantify the importance of family background and neighborhood effects as determinants of criminal convictions and incarceration by estimating sibling correlations. At the extensive margin, factors common to siblings account for 24 % of the variation in criminal convictions and 39 % of the variation in incarceration. At the intensive margin, these factors typically account for slightly less than half of the variation in prison sentence length and between one third and one half of the variation in criminal convictions, depending on crime type and gender. Further analysis shows that parental criminality and family structure can account for more of the sibling crime correlation than parental income and education or neighborhood characteristics. The lion's share of the sibling correlation, however, is unaccounted for by these factors. Finally, sibling spacing also matters-more closely spaced siblings are more similar in their criminal behavior.
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| 20. |
- Hjalmarsson, Anna, 1976-
(författare)
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Being provided with a safe haven : Care-dependent older persons' participation in prehospital emergency care
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Participation in care is a key concept in many welfare societies and serves to guide clinical practice and adapt care to personal preferences and needs in order to promote well-being and quality of life. Previous research has shown that practicing participation in care is complex due to the concept not being clearly defined. A significant risk is, therefore, that participation in care is practiced based on the professional caregivers' own definitions, which might be inconsistent with the cared-for persons' perceptions of what participation is.Older persons can continue to live in their own homes with the support of municipal home care services that meet everyday care needs. Care-dependent older persons are known to have increased emergency care needs, which in Sweden require inter-organizational and inter-professional collaboration involving a care transfer between welfare levels. This thesis aimed to deepen the understanding of care-dependent older persons' participation in prehospital emergency care from lifeworld and welfare perspectives. The inductive design was based on a lifeworld approach and included triangulation of the phenomenon of participation in care using descriptive, interpretative, and comparative methods.From the perspective of care-dependent older persons, participation in prehospital emergency care means a forced transfer of life responsibility to professional caregivers when being existentially unsafe and incapacitated due to acute illness. Through authorized representation, the professional caregivers act for the older person, with the power to bring about change and create opportunities for existence. Care-dependent older persons' participation in prehospital emergency care involves a deepened dependence that necessitates coexistence and being provided with a 'safe haven' through the entire emergency care chain. A 'safe haven' can be understood as an unconditional, calm, and sheltered interpersonal space for emotional rest that is provided to the older person during an existentially challenging situation. From the perspective of care-dependent older persons, the emergency care chain transcends organizational boundaries and includes mobile safety alarm services and emergency department attendance.The involved professionals must be supported in practicing participation in care based on a comprehensive understanding of the concept, and emergency care options must be aligned with the care-dependent older persons' need for coordinated and continuous care. Collaborative challenges related to unstructured collaboration and professional hierarchy need to be addressed to support well-functioning collaboration in situations involving acutely ill older persons. The involved organizations need to recognize care-dependent older persons' deepened dependence when acutely ill, as well as their extended view of the prehospital emergency care chain.
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| 21. |
- Hjalmarsson, Anna, 1976-
(författare)
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Care-dependent older persons´ participation in Swedish prehospital emergency care- Reflections in view of an ongoing demographic change
- 2022
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Ingår i: Caring in a changing world.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Care-dependent older persons in Sweden are encouraged to remain living at home in assistance of municipal home care, making older persons´ homes a growing arena for emergency care. The home care organization does not provide emergency care, and therefore depend on regional emergency medical services (EMS). The involvement of two organizations accentuates the older persons´ participation in care, to promote health, well-being and safety. Aim: To elucidate older persons´ participation in care that involve municipal care personnel and emergency medical services. Method: Register data from the ambulance services were explored using descriptive and analytical statistics. Qualitative data were collected by individual interviewing adhering to critical incident technique and phenomenological hermeneutics. Results: Aspects of participation were disclosed in relation to welfare organizations and interpersonal relations. Quantitative results indicated that older adults were more likely to receive lower priority levels compared with the adult population in emergencies involving ambulance response. Qualitative results displayed how municipal care personnel were subjected to the attitude and priority assessment of the EMS, affecting their ability to provide adequate care. The welfare organizations involved were not adapted to the complex needs of care-dependent older persons, and consequently the older persons were hindered to access and partake in societal welfare on equal terms. Municipal care personnel acted as the older persons´ representatives in emergencies, enabling active participation in care.Conclusion and implications: Lack of organizational flexibility and inter-professional collaboration negatively affect older persons´ ability to influence care. To ensure safe and adequate care alternatives aligned to the needs of older persons living in dependence at home, welfare organizations need to acknowledge emergencies as a natural part of older persons´ lives and adapt services accordingly. The EMS need to consider the older persons´ whole life situation in care assessments, and respect the perspectives of care personnel involved.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hjalmarsson, Randi, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of the First Professional Police Forces on Crime
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 19:6, s. 3063-3103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper evaluates the effect on crime of creating a fundamental modern-day institution: centralized professional police forces tasked with preventing crime. We study the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police—the first professional force worldwide. Using newly digitized and geocoded crime and police data together with difference-in-differences and pre–post designs, we find evidence of a significant reduction in violent crimes (despite the possibility of offsetting increases in clearance and reporting rates). In contrast, a reduction in property crime is not visible.
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| 25. |
- Wesslander, Karin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Observed carbon dioxide and oxygen dynamics in a Baltic Sea coastal region
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 86:1-2, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In April 2006, diurnal variations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the surface water east of Gotland in the Baltic Sea were investigated with a unique multitechnology approach. Several parameters were measured simultaneously providing an overviewof the CO2 system.Moored instrumentswere continuously recording partial pressure of CO2 in the surface water (pCO2 w), currents,mixing,waves, salinity, temperature and O2. Measurements of total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) were taken from R/V Skagerak. These measurements were converted to pCO2 w to support the continuous pCO2 w data and also calculate the air–sea exchange of CO2. Additionally, the time derivatives of O2 and CT concentrations in the water were determined using incubations and a Productivity Autosampler (PA). O2 and pCO2 w were significantly anti-correlated and periods dominated of either biological processes, mixing, air–sea exchange or a combination of these were detected. O2 and pCO2 w had a daily cycle and variations occurred on the 1 h time scale. In April 2006, the seawas a CO2 sink and the averaged parameterized air–sea exchange was −1.0±0.6 mmol m−2 h−1.
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