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| 5. |
- Allert, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing students' experiences of applying problem-based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration : An interview study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nursing Open. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2054-1058. ; 9:1, s. 569-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore nursing students' experiences of applying problem-based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration.Design: The study used a qualitative descriptive design.Method: The data were collected using individual interviews with a purposive sample of 11 students and analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.Results: The students' experiences of applying problem-based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration were described in two generic categories: prerequisites to train teamwork and collaboration and abilities practised in the base group. The generic category "prerequisites to train teamwork and collaboration" includes three subcategories: previous experience and education, composition of the base group, and common goals and values in the base group. The generic category "abilities practised in the base group" includes four subcategories: taking personal responsibility, practising role distribution and leadership, developing communication skills and creating togetherness in the base group.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Ewa K., et al.
(författare)
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Care experiences of younger people and next of kin following myocardial infarction
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cardiac Nursing. - : MAG online. - 1749-6403 .- 2052-2207. ; 15:12, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims Coronary heart diseases, including myocardial infarction, remain a major health problem worldwide. Little is known about the cardiac care experiences post myocardial infarction of younger people and their next of kin. This study aimed to describe the cardiac care experiences of post-myocardial infarction younger people (<55 years old) and their next of kin. Method This study employed an exploratory inductive qualitative design involving individual interviews with younger people (n=17) and their next of kin (n=13). Results Three categories were identified and patients were deemed to be in need of: tailored information, recognition or a post-discharge rehabilitation plan Conclusions Findings demonstrated the importance of using the experiences of younger people and their next of kin as the starting point when planning care and cardiac rehabilitation. Health professionals must systematically and purposefully provide person-centred care, both in hospital and post-discharge settings. Next of kin must be regarded as an important resource in post-myocardial infarction care for younger people, as they tend to be engaged in providing their relatives with support, which is valuable for the recovery of young people post myocardial infarction. Further research is warranted to investigate what makes person-centred interventions directed towards post-myocardial infarction younger people and their next of kin effective.
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| 7. |
- Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Inflammation in Preclinical Ulcerative Colitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : AGA Institute. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:5, s. 1526-1539.e9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Preclinical ulcerative colitis is poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the preclinical systemic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, using a comprehensive set of proteins.Methods: We obtained plasma samples biobanked from individuals who developed ulcerative colitis later in life (n = 72) and matched healthy controls (n = 140) within a population-based screening cohort. We measured 92 proteins related to inflammation using a proximity extension assay. The biologic relevance of these findings was validated in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 50). To examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on these markers, a cohort of healthy twin siblings of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 41) and matched healthy controls (n = 37) were explored.Results: Six proteins (MMP10, CXCL9, CCL11, SLAMF1, CXCL11 and MCP-1) were up-regulated (P < .05) in preclinical ulcerative colitis compared with controls based on both univariate and multivariable models. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses identified several potential key regulators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, oncostatin M, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-4. For validation, we built a multivariable model to predict disease in the inception cohort. The model discriminated treatment-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis from controls with leave-one-out cross-validation (area under the curve = 0.92). Consistently, MMP10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and MCP-1, but not CCL11 and SLAMF1, were significantly up-regulated among the healthy twin siblings, even though their relative abundances seemed higher in incident ulcerative colitis.Conclusions: A set of inflammatory proteins are up-regulated several years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. These proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be up-regulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.
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| 10. |
- Brannvall, K, et al.
(författare)
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Cystatin-B is expressed by neural stem cells and by differentiated neurons and astrocytes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 308:2, s. 369-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutation in the gene encoding cystatin-B (CSTB) has been shown to cause progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Mice with a gene deletion of CSTB exhibit increased apoptosis of specific neurons but the physiological role of CSTB in brain cells is not fully understood. In the present study, we have examined the expression of CSTB in neural stem cells (NSC) and in differentiating mature brain cells. The results show that CSTB is present in embryonic and adult NSC and in the neuroepithelium. CSTB was expressed by both neurons and glial cells differentiated from NSC and in hippocampal cultures. CSTB localized mainly to the nucleus in NSC and in neurons, whilst in astrocytes CSTB was also in the cytoplasm. Double labeling showed that CSTB was present in the lysosomes in glial cells. The results demonstrate a nuclear expression of CSTB in NSC and in neurons, suggesting novel function for this molecule. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, T., et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic study of LiMn2O4 cathodes by in situ XRD with constant-current cycling and potential stepping
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 149:9, s. A1164-A1170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure and kinetics of LiMn2O4 electrodes have been investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements using a novel three-electrode in situ XRD cell, where the reference electrode is sited on the reverse side of the working electrode to facilitate accurate determination of the electrode potential. The use of ballmilling during electrode preparation resulted in a high level of utilization at high charge/discharge rates of LiMn2O4-based electrodes in both structural and electrochemical studies. No evidence of Li concentration gradients in the solid material could be observed from XRD, thus excluding solid-phase diffusion and also phase boundary movement, as described by Fick's law, as the rate-limiting step.
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| 20. |
- Georen, P., et al.
(författare)
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An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method applied to porous LiMn2O4 and metal hydride battery electrodes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 150:2, s. A234-A241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method utilizing the signals from reference electrodes positioned in front of and behind a porous electrode is investigated. The basis for the method is illustrated theoretically, and limiting values under different assumptions are presented. The method was applied to a porous metal hydride and a LiMn2O4 battery electrode. It was concluded that the method facilitates the separation of local impedance effects from the effects of the potential distribution in the porous electrode. Consequently, a more accurate determination of local kinetic parameters and the effective conductivity in the pore electrolyte could be obtained.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Hjelm, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Changes of the uterine proteoglycan distribution at term pregnancy and during labour
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - 0301-2115. ; 100:2, s. 146-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To characterise uterine proteoglycans and changes therein during pregnancy and labour. Study Design: Uterine samples were collected from 6 non-pregnant, 10 term-pregnant and from 10 women in active tabour. The proteoglycans were extracted by 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and precipitated with Alcian Blue. They were separated by electrophoresis and identified by Western blotting. Results: Decorin was the dominating proteoalycan and smaller amounts of biglycan was found. A considerable amount of heparan sulphate proteoglycans wag also detected. Decorin and biglycan decreased by 40% until term. The amount of heparan sulphate proteoglycans increased by 46% during active labour. Conclusion: Our data indicate that a considerable remodelling of the uterine connective tissue occurs during pregnancy and labour. The decrease of decorin and biglycan and the increase of heparan sulphate proteoglycans may be important for normal myometrial contractions during tabour. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Hjelm, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical investigation of LiMn2O4 cathodes in gel electrolyte at various temperatures
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 48:2, s. 171-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A composite lithium battery electrode of LiMn2O4 in combination with a gel electrolyte (1 M LiBF4/24 wt% PMMA/1:1 EC:DEC) has been investigated by galvanostatic cycling experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at various temperatures, i.e. -3 < T < 56 degreesC, For analysis of EIS data, a mathematical model taking into account local kinetics and potential distribution in the liquid phase within the porous electrode structure was used. Reasonable values of the double-layer capacitance, the exchange-current density and the solid phase diffusion were found as a function of temperature. The apparent activation energy of the charge-transfer ( similar to 65 kJ mol(-1)), the solid phase transfer ( similar to 45 kJ mol(-1)) and of the ionic bulk and effective conductance in the gel phase ( similar to 34 kJ mol(-1)), respectively, were also determined, The kinetic results related to ambient temperature were compared to those obtained in the corresponding liquid electrolyte. The incorporated PMMA was found to reduce the ionic conductivity of the free electrolyte, and it was concluded that the presence of 24 wt% PMMA does not have a significant influence on the kinetic properties of LiMn2O4.
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| 25. |
- Hjelm, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and theoretical analysis of LiMn2O4 cathodes for use in rechargeable lithium batteries by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 47:11, s. 1747-1759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparative study of the impedance response measured with composite electrodes and thin film electrodes of LiMn2O4 was conducted. The electrodes were prepared on different current collectors (i.e. aluminium, carbonised aluminium and gold) and the experiments were run at various state-of-discharge (SOD) and liquid electrolyte compositions. The impedance response was shown to be strongly dependent on the current collector used. It was demonstrated that the high-to-medium frequency semicircle can be attributed to the contact resistance between the current collector and the active electrode material and that the medium-to-low frequency semicircle can be ascribed to the active electrode material. For the analysis, a mathematical model based on a resistance between the current collector and the active electrode material, interfacial-charge transfer coupled to the double-layer charging and solid-phase diffusion was developed. Potential distribution due to porous electrode effects was also considered, Fitting the model to experimental data enabled reasonable values of the exchange-current density, the double-layer capacitance and the solid-phase diffusion coefficient. However, the very low fitted value of the effective conductivity in the liquid phase indicates that this model does not give a satisfying description of the intercalation process of LiMn2O4.
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| 26. |
- Hjelm, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of LiMn2O4 cathodes for use in rechargeable lithium batteries by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) Part II. Experimental study using thin films, single particles and composite electrodes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. - 0022-0728 .- 1873-2569. ; 509:2, s. 139-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films, single particles and a composite electrode of the cathode material LiMn2O4 in the lithium battery system were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in 1 M LiClO4 + PC:EC. The experimental data were compared to and analysed by mathematical models described in Part I of this work. Analysis of the measured peak potential. E-p, showed clearly that the larger the characteristic length, the larger is the potential peak shift., at a given sweep rate. From the observations of the measured peak current behaviour, I-p, it seems that the composite electrode and the single particles are semi-infinite diffusion limited at all sweep rates applied. For the thin films, when increasing the sweep rate, a transition from finite to semi-infinite mass transfer limitation is indicated. A model based on solid-phase diffusion, interfacial charge transfer and an external IR-drop could fairly well be fitted to the experimental data measured on a single electrode system at a given sweep rate. It was found that the determined parameter values. i.e. solid-phase diffusion coefficient and the IR-drop, vary greatly with sweep rate and characteristic length. These results indicate that the physical description used is an oversimplification for describing the reaction mechanism in LiMn2O4.
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| 27. |
- Hjelm, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of LiMn2O4 cathodes for use in rechargeable lithium batteries by linear sweep voltammetry Part I. Theoretical study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. - 0022-0728 .- 1873-2569. ; 506:2, s. 82-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) is a well-known tool for electrochemical investigations. Different aspects on the use of LSV in the study of an intercalation electrode in the rechargeable lithium battery system have been studied. Mathematical models were used to simulate voltammetry responses for an intercalation material influenced by solid phase diffusion, charge transfer and IR-drop. It was shown how the peak potential and the peak current density vary with sweep rate for different rate determining processes. The simulations show that finite and semi-infinite diffusion is relatively easy to distinguish and also, these two processes behave differently from processes influenced by charge transfer and an external IR-drop. However, the separation of charge transfer and IR-drop is difficult. The use of the convolution sweep voltammetry method was also investigated. It was found that finite diffusion and a non-zero initial concentration limit the applicability in these systems.
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| 31. |
- Hjelm, K., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of beliefs about health and illness on self-care and care-seeking in foreign-born people with diabetic foot ulcers : Dissimilarities related to origin
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound Care. - : Mark Allen Group. - 0969-0700 .- 2052-2916. ; 25:11, s. 602-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe beliefs about health and illness among foreign-born people with diabetic foot ulcers that might affect selfreported self-care and health-care seeking and to study whether there are dissimilarities related to origin. Method: Qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews with people aged 38-86 years; 13 born in European and 13 in non-European countries (all except one in the Middle East). All resident in Sweden for 7-60 years (median: 18.5 years). Results: Most believed foot ulcers were unavoidable and difficult to detect. Foot problems were mainly believed to be due to internal factors (diabetes), sometimes combined with external factors (inappropriate footwear, hot water, or barefoot walking). Health was described as freedom from illness and health professionals were seen as important sources of information. Perceived health deteriorated after the onset of the foot problems due to immobility and pain. People from the Middle East differed from other respondents as they discussed the importance of adapting to the will of Allah, leading to even poorer quality of life and a more negative view of future health. They also described more foot problems and perceived religion (Islam) with ritual washing of the feet to be important for health. However, they were regularly monitored to a lesser extent than European migrants. Economy affected health, more so in Europeans, due to expenses for medications and shoes. Many described limited activity in self-care, few had sought help for their problems and then solely among professionals, and had limited knowledge about the influence of glycaemic control on diabetes and foot status. Conclusion: Foreign-born people felt unable to prevent the incidence of foot ulcers, experienced problems with detection, and had limited knowledge of self-care. Dissimilarities in beliefs related to origin negatively influenced self-care of the feet, so it is important to assess individual beliefs and plan care and education accordingly.
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| 32. |
- Hjelm, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Monte Carlo study of high-field carrier transport in 4H-SiC including band-to-band tunneling
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 93:2, s. 1099-1107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A full-band ensemble Monte Carlo simulation has been used to study the high-field carrier transport properties of 4H-SiC. The complicated band structure of 4H-SiC requires the consideration of band-to-band tunneling at high electric fields. We have used two models for the band-to-band tunneling; one is based on the overlap test and the other on the solution of the multiband Schrodinger equations. The latter simulations have only been performed for holes in the c-axis direction, since the computer capacity requirement are exceedingly high. Impact-ionization transition rates and phonon scattering rates have been calculated numerically directly from the full band structure. Coupling constants for the phonon interaction have been deduced by fitting of the simulated low-field mobility as a function of lattice temperature to experimental data. Secondary hot electrons generated as a consequence of hole-initiated impact ionization are considered in the study for both models of band-to-band tunneling. When the multiband Schrodinger equation model is used for holes in the c-axis direction, a significant change in the electron energy distribution is found, since the hole impact-ionization rate is very much increased with this model. The secondary electrons increase the average energy of the electron distribution leading to a significant increase in the electron-initiated impact-ionization coefficients. Our simulation results clearly show that both electrons and holes have to be considered in order to understand electron-initiated impact ionization in 4H-SiC
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| 36. |
- Lindberg, Terese, et al.
(författare)
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Older persons' experience of eHealth services in home health care : A meta-ethnography eHealth services in home health care
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health Informatics Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 27:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe older persons' experiences of eHealth services in home health care. A meta-ethnographic approach was applied, and a systematic literature search was conducted in three databases. In total, 11 articles were included and analysed, which resulted in two themes and six sub-themes. The results show that for older persons to use the eHealth services, they must provide some additional value compared to current contacts with healthcare professionals. Those with regular healthcare contact do not experience the eHealth service as adding anything to the care they already receive. The introduction of eHealth services involves learning how to use the new technology, and some older persons experience the technology as motivating and inspiring. The eHealth service makes some feel safer while some do not trust the technology. In order to make the best use of eHealth services, it is important that the services are adjusted not only to each person's needs but also to their personal capabilities and resources, while the older person must feel valued as an active partner in the care process. Thus, when using eHealth services, the older person's perspective needs to be given priority and decisions should not only be based on organizational considerations.
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| 37. |
- Marcinowicz, Ludmiła, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing students’ perception of the professional nurse's role in four European countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Nursing Review. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0020-8132 .- 1466-7657. ; 66:2, s. 250-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Understanding how nursing students in European countries perceive their future professional role is an important step in creating awareness of the diversity and similarities between countries. Investigating nursing students’ perceptions of their future profession could help in the design of education and the retention of nurses. Aim: To compare nursing students’ perceptions of the professional nurse's role between Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. Method: A cross-sectional design was implemented. The study used two scales of the Professional Nursing Image Survey, which has questions about 10 skills and abilities and 14 functions and duties of a nurse. Results: A total of 392 final-year nursing students in four countries participated in the study. Statistically significant differences were found between countries in terms of all 10 skills and abilities and in the distribution of responses concerning functions and duties of a nurse. Conclusions: Nursing students in Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden perceive differently the role of a nurse in terms of some functions and responsibilities. This may influence the adaptation of nurses who enjoy freedom of movement among the countries. Implications for nursing policy: The knowledge gained in this study could be beneficial in improving nursing education, as it could illuminate the discrepancy between educational goals and students’ perceptions of their future professional role. © 2018 International Council of Nurses
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Nilsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between different Monte Carlo models in simulation of hole transport in 4H-SiC
- 2001
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Ingår i: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. - 0378-4754 .- 1872-7166. ; 55:1-3, s. 199-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Monte Carlo (MC) study of the hole transport in 4H-SiC is presented using three different MC models. The three models represent different approximation levels regarding band structure and scattering formulation. The most advanced model is a completely k-vector dependent full band model while the simplest model uses three analytical bands with energy dependent scattering rates. The intermediate MC model uses a full band structure calculated using a simple k.p formulation. A comparison between the models in terms of coupling constants, scattering rate, temperature dependent mobility and saturation velocity is presented
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| 40. |
- Nilsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A full band Monte Carlo study of high field carrier transport in 4H-SiC
- 2000
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Ingår i: SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2. ; , s. 765-768
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high field transport properties of 4H-SiC have been studied using a bipolar full band ensemble Monte Carlo model. The impact ionization transition rates and the phonon scattering rates for both electrons and holes have been calculated numerically from the full band structure. The simulation results show a large anisotropy in the impact ionization coefficients for both electrons and holes.
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| 41. |
- Nilsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Full band Monte Carlo study of high field transport in cubic phase silicon carbide
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 93:6, s. 3389-3394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A full band Monte Carlo study of the electron transport in 3C-SiC is presented based on an ab initio band structure calculation using the local density approximation to the density functional theory. The scattering rates and impact ionization transition rates have been calculated numerically from the ab initio band structure using both energy dispersion and numerical wave functions. This approach reduces the number of empirical parameters needed to a minimum. The two empirical coupling constants used have been deduced by fitting the simulated mobility as a function of lattice temperature to experimental data. The peak velocity was found to be approximately 2.2*107 cm/s with a clear negative differential mobility above 600 kV/cm. The electron initiated impact ionization coefficients were found to be 2-10 times stronger than the reported values for the hole initiated impact ionization
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| 42. |
- Nilsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Monte Carlo simulation of high field hole transport in 4H-SiC including band to band tunneling and optical interband transisitons
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 314:1-4, s. 68-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high field hole transport in 4H-SiC has been studied using a full band Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model that includes band to band tunneling and allows mixing of the band states during carrier drift. Impact ionization coefficients along the c-axis direction have been extracted and compared with experimental data. It is shown that the band to band tunneling mechanism is crucial in order to explain experimental results. The carrier distribution function obtained from the MC simulations has been used to determine the breakdown luminescence spectra coming from interband transitions. Our results are in good agreement with the available experimental luminescence spectra for SiC polytypes, and the importance of including interband tunneling is clearly demonstrated.
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| 43. |
- Nilsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Monte Carlo simulation of multi-band carrier transport in semiconductor materials with complex unit cells
- 2001
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Ingår i: SISPAD 2001, International conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and devices, september 5-7, 2001, Athens, Greece. - 3211837086 ; , s. 214-217
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a traditional Monte Carlo (MC) model the carrier preserves its band identity during the free flight between scatterings. However, this assumption may not be valid in semiconductor materials with complex unit cell. A new model is needed where the traditional way to use classical equations during the free flight between scattering is replaced by a fully quantum mechanical model of the Bloch carrier dynamics between scattering events. In this work we present such a model along with simulated results of the hole initiated impact ionization coefficients of 4H-SiC
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Svensson, Jenny, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing students' experiences of what influences achievement of learning outcomes in a problem-based learning context : A qualitative descriptive study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nursing Open. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2054-1058. ; 8:4, s. 1863-1869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study aimed to describe nursing students' experiences of what facilitate orimpede the achievement of learning outcomes in PBL-basednursing education.Design: A qualitative descriptive design was used.Methods: Data were collected from individual semi-structuredinterviews with 18undergraduate nursing students in Sweden and were analysed using Burnard's qualitativecontent analysis.Results: The results were organized into three categories: (a) understanding of therequired level of knowledge depth (b) tutor's engagement and (c) student base groupinteractions. These categories represent essential components of PBL that couldeither facilitate or impede students' achievement of learning outcomes in nursingeducation. To improve the students' opportunities to achieve the learning outcomes,proper introduction of and a continuous education on PBL as a pedagogical methodprovided both to students and tutors should be considered important.
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| 46. |
- Ullen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Additive/synergistic antitumoral effects on prostate cancer cells in vitro following treatment with a combination of docetaxel and zoledronic acid
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Oncol. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 44:6, s. 644-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Once bone metastasized and androgen independent, prostate cancer is often associated with skeletal morbidity and disability. New treatment modalities that can palliate symptoms from the skeleton and inhibit further progression are warranted. In this study, the antitumoral effects following treatment with a combination of docetaxel and the new generation bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid, were investigated on two hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines: PC3 and DU145. The prostate cancer cells were treated with increasing concentrations of zoledronic acid in the absence or presence of docetaxel. Toxicity was measured using fluorometric microculture cytotoxic assay technique. A concentration of 25 microM, zoledronic acid reduced the viable cell number to 68% and 98% for PC3 and DU145 cells respectively. Docetaxel, on the other hand, at a concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, had no effect on the viability. However, a combination of zoledronic acid and docetaxel reduced the cell number to 60% and 81% respectively. Furthermore, zoledronic acid in the concentration range 12.5 microM-50 microM enhanced the antitumoral effects of docetaxel (0.01-1 ng/ml) in an additive and/or synergistic manner for both cell lines. These data support the hypothesis that zoledronic acid, in addition to having bone resorption inhibiting properties, also exhibits anti-tumoral effects. It also appears that combined treatment with docetaxel causes additive and/or synergistic cytostatic effects on prostate cancer cells.
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