| 1. |
- Ahlroth, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Weighting and valuation in selected environmental systems analysis tools - suggestions for further developments
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 19:2-3, s. 145-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In environmental systems analysis tools like Life Cycle Assessment, strategic environmental assessment, cost benefit analysis and environmental management systems, results need to be presented in a comprehensible way to make alternatives easily comparable. One way of doing this is to aggregate results to a manageable set by using weighting methods.. In this paper, we explore how weighting methods are used in some selected Environmental Systems Analysis Tools (ESATs), and suggest possible developments of their use. We examine the differences in current use patterns, discuss the reasons for and implications of such differences, and investigate whether observed differences in use are necessary. The result of our survey shows that weighting and valuation is broadly used in the examined ESATs. The use of weighting/valuation methods is different in different tools, but these differences are not always related to the application; rather, they are related to traditions and views on valuation and weighting. Also, although the requirements on the weights/values may differ between tools, there are intersections where they coincide. Monetary weights, using either endpoint or midpoint methods, are found to be useful in all the selected tools. Furthermore, the inventory shows that that there is a common need for generic sets of weights. There is a need for further research focusing on the development of consistent value sets derived with a wide range of methods. In parallel to the development of weighting methods it is important with critical evaluations of the weighting sets with regard to scientific quality, consistency and data gaps.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Almgren, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of General Sustainability Objectives as Tools to Improve the Environmental Performance of Industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the implementation of the Swedish national environmental quality objectives and discusses what can be learned for the equivalent process for the set of global UN 2030 goals (SDGs), established in 2015. The empirical basis is a study on 50 large companies in Sweden and their use of these objectives in their policy formulation. The SDGs are crafted with a broader approach than the Swedish national environmental quality objectives. Therefore, the SDGs probably better reflect the agenda of the business community since they have a global character, cover the whole spectrum of important sustainability issues and provide a mutual agenda for the business community worldwide. More than 90 percent of the large companies in the study have explicitly committed themselves to the SDGs, only 1-2 years after they were published, whereas similar commitments hardly exist for the national environmental quality objectives, even 20 years after their establishment. A large majority of the large companies in this study know about the SDGs, have actively endorsed them, and started to adjust their activities accordingly. In the end, the results of these endorsements remain to be seen.
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| 6. |
- Ammenberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Auditing external environmental auditors : investigating how ISO 14001 is interpreted and applied in reality
- 2001
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Ingår i: Eco-Management and Auditing. - : Wiley. - 0968-9427 .- 1099-0925. ; 8:4, s. 183-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ISO 14001 standard leaves a lot to be interpreted by its users. As the standard is growing in popularity the external environmental auditors are becoming key players in the environmental arena. Through interpretations, they form the linkage between the standard document and its application in reality.This study is based on interviews conducted with auditors representing all nine certification bodies in Sweden and at the board that accredits these firms. The paper presents how auditors interpret and apply central requirements of ISO 14001, with the aim to illuminate important issues from an environmental point of view.It can be concluded that many important requirements are interpreted differently. There are disagreements regarding what criteria are approved when determining which environmental aspects are significant. Further on, the standard's requirement for continual improvement is normally transformed to improvements regarding a few ratios. The paper, amongst other issues, also deals with auditors' competence, their objectivity and their opinions about the efforts of certified organizations.
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| 7. |
- Ammenberg, Jonas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Globala miljöproblem
- 2023
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Ingår i: Miljöteknik. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144159355 ; , s. 39-70
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta kapitel beskrivs några betydande miljöproblem av global karaktär. Det handlar närmare bestämt om klimatförändringar, uttunning av ozonskiktet, minskad biologisk mångfald och användning av naturresurser. Syftet är att du som läsare bättre ska förstå vad som kännetecknar problemen, vad i samhället som orsakar dem, rådande trender och möjliga åtgärder.
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| 8. |
- Ammenberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Joint EMS and group certification : a cost-effective route for SMEs to achieve ISO 14001
- 1999
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Ingår i: Greener Management International. - : Greenleaf Publishing Ltd. - 0966-9671. ; 28, s. 23-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important group from an environmental point of view and they also have environmental requirements - including environmental management systems (EMSs) - imposed on them by larger companies. At Hackefors Industrial District in Sweden, 30 SMEs are co-operating on environmental issues; they have formed a network and established a joint EMS in accordance with ISO 14001. This is a unique strategy for the implementation of EMSs by SMEs. In this paper the EMS model used at Hackefors is presented and the resulting cost savings are analysed. Environmental improvements are also discussed briefly. It can be concluded that, by networking and implementing a joint EMS, the SMEs (mostly small and 'micro' enterprises) at Hackefors have established a rational and cost-effective solution that has facilitated both the implementation and maintenance of EMSs. Although the EMSs have only recently been certified, many environmental and commercial improvements have already been observed. Many of the companies have received positive responses from their customers and believe that the EMS improves their ability to obtain contracts relating to sales of products and/or services. Furthermore, the companies at Hackefors believe that having an EMS based on ISO 14001 results in positive commercial and environmental effects.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ammenberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The connection between environmental management systems and continual environmental performance improvements
- 2002
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Ingår i: Corporate Environmental Strategy. - 1066-7938 .- 1873-6912. ; 9:2, s. 183-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the connection between standardized environmental management systems and environmental performance, based on a case study. By comparing the environmental reviews for a group of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) before and two years after their EMS implementation, we try to show how the environmental performance of these firms has developed and draw some conclusions regarding the connection between standardized EMSs and environmental performance in general.The case study illuminates some central aspects of ISO 14001's requirement of continual improvement. Taken together with the literature on this issue, it is clear that in practice a set of indicators are established and monitored, indicators concerning operations as well as management efforts. Hence, the selection of indicators is crucial. External environmental auditors should compare the development of these indicators and determine if an improvement has occurred or not. Naturally, this judgement by auditors is very important and difficult. The situation is very similar to the weighting step recognized as a problem in life cycle analysis, but the use of indicators for management efforts adds an additional dimension to this already intricate problem.
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| 12. |
- Ammenberg, Jonas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Tracing business and environmental effects of environmental management systems : a study of networking small and medium-sized enterprises using a joint environmental management system
- 2003
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836. ; 12:3, s. 163-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Hackefors Industrial District in Sweden, 26 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have formed an environmental network and implemented a joint environmental management system (EMS) according to ISO 14001. Based on interviews with the environmental co-ordinators at these enterprises, the effects on business and environmental efforts and impacts are analysed.It can be concluded that the joint EMS has resulted in better relations with important stakeholders, such as existing and potential customers. For example, three-fifths said that their EMS had made it easier to receive a contract for the sale of products and services. Several environmental improvements have been observed and are presented in the paper, many of which are considered as consequences of the EMSs. Moreover, based on observations during the study, this paper discusses how boundaries and screening affect the connection between EMSs and environmental performance.
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| 13. |
- Baas, Leenard, et al.
(författare)
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Support your future today: enhancing sustainable transitions by experimenting at academic conferences
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 98, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major societal changes which challenge societal functions and actors activities are needed to enhance sustainable development. Thus sustainable transitions research emphasizes co-evolutionary approaches involving a multitude of actors including the business sector, the government, and academia. Academic research can catalyse sustainable transitions by critically analyse current societal trends to develop and disseminate new knowledge. At research conferences, researchers and practitioners meet to network and discuss recent research findings providing arenas for testing and evaluating ideas to enhance sustainable transitions. This however requires some modifications of the standard design of a research conference. Here we report learning outcomes from experimenting at the 18th international Greening of Industry Network conference during 21-24 October 2012 in Linkoping, Sweden. The conference was a combination of a traditional conference structure with different interactive elements such as sustainability jam-sessions to discuss future challenges of six companies and clusters of companies at their site. The intention of doing so was to enhance learning outcomes both for visiting conference delegates and among actors in the host region. This was perceived by the participants as an innovative approach fostering both problem solving and creation of new ideas. Four out of the six companies continued dialogues about sustainable production fields or bio-refineries with Linkoping University. In addition we introduce and summarize research findings presented at the conference which were further developed into research articles. The essence of these articles covers sustainable industry management; cleaner production; industrial ecology; cooperation between industry, governments and academics; dissemination of concepts and technologies; methods and tools for modelling and measuring of industrial symbiosis, CO2 performance and eco-efficiency.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Carlsson, Anders, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability Jam Sessions for vision creation and problem solving
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 98, s. 29-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a concept for creating arenas where expertise from certain branches of industry can interact with sustainability professionals and researchers to address and solve sustainability challenges. The concept Sustainability Jam Session (SJS) builds upon the idea of conducting creative meetings between professionals in “jam sessions,” similar to those associated primarily with music and improvisation. Approaches such as these have been used in the IT sector over the past decades, but this is the first attempt to apply it in the area of sustainability. SJS's were tested at the 2012 Greening of Industry Network Conference (GIN2012) and here we report our experiences from arranging six SJS's at the conference.A typical process of an SJS includes a preparatory phase, the actual jam, and documentation and follow up. The preparatory phase mainly involves identifying hosts and topics to be addressed at the SJS, followed by attracting participants. The jam is started by an introduction of the topics, a technical visit (if appropriate), and a problem-solving workshop, ending with a wrap-up reporting. Thorough documentation is necessary for following up the results of the SJS and preparing for implementation of the identified solutions.We conclude that skill, structure, setting, and surrender of control, as well as finding “red and hot” topics for the jams are the key factors for successful SJS's.Based on our experiences from GIN2012, we recommend other research conferences in the sustainability field use SJS's if the intention is to boost the interaction between the conference and the host region or non-academic organizations in general. We also suggest that a similar approach can be used in regional development for creating an infrastructure for learning and transformation towards sustainability and initiatives for open innovation.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Eklind, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Formation of chloromethoxybenzaldehyde during composting of organic household waste
- 2004
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 56:5, s. 475-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standardized household waste was mixed with different litter amendments, straw, leaves, hardwood shavings, softwood shavings, paper, and sphagnum peat, resulting in six compost mixtures. In addition non-amended household waste was composted. Composting was done in small rotatable bins and compost samples were taken on a regular basis until day 590. Extraction and analysis of wet compost samples showed no evidence for the presence of chloroorganic compounds. Drying and re-wetting of compost samples, however, revealed that chloromethoxybenzaldehyde (CMBA) was formed in all composts at concentrations varying between 5.6 and 73.4 µgkg-1 dry matter. CMBA was not present in the original materials. During composting, there was a clear positive relation between formation of CMBA and microbial activity, as indicated by C losses and temperature. Formation took place during the most intensive phase of composting when C losses were highest. Under anaerobic conditions, however, which prevailed initially in the non-amended compost, no CMBA was formed. Calculation of total amounts of CMBA in composts revealed that there was a small decrease during storage in the hardwood, peat, and softwood composts. However, all composts contained CMBA after 590 days. The mean concentration was 33.4 µgkg-1 dry matter (s.d.=21.9). Possible biocidal effects of composts when used in cultivation may be explainable by the presence of natural toxic compounds formed during composting. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Emilsson (Gustafsson), Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the Use of Standardised Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) in Local Authorities
- 2005
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Ingår i: Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. - : Wiley. - 1535-3958 .- 1535-3966. ; 12:3, s. 144-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local authorities have used EMSs to structure their environmental efforts for some time now, and this paper studies the development over time of the use of EMSs in some Swedish local authorities. The analyses depart from three development indicators: dissemination of the EMS work, the progress in the EMS cycle and the use of EMS standards. The results show that EMSs are more widely used within the local authorities today compared with a few years ago. Before, it was mainly the technical sector that was subject to EMS implementation, but today there is a stronger emphasis on the successfulness of EMS implementation in departments within the soft sector. The study also shows that local authorities have shifted from using ISO 14001 and/or EMAS to using less formal, often locally adapted and designed standards. The paper concludes by discussing the usefulness of standards for EMS implementation in local authorities.
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| 23. |
- Emilsson (Gustafsson), Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Different Approaches to Standardized Environmental Management Systems in Local Authorities - Two Case Studies in Gothenburg and Newcastle
- 2004
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Ingår i: Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. - : Wiley. - 1535-3958 .- 1535-3966. ; 11:1, s. 48-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local authorities have shown an increased interest in committing to voluntary environmental commitment. This paper analyses the use of one of them, standardized environmental management systems (EMSs). It examines how local authorities approach EMS implementation, using two case studies in two European cities, Newcastle City Council (UK) and Gothenburg City Council (Sweden). The research departs from four research topics: drivers; strategy for EMS implementation; integration, dissemination and acceptance; future development of the EMS work. The case study cities' EMS approaches are analysed starting from the three pillars of institutions: the regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive. The analyses reveal that both Newcastle and Gothenburg mainly use a normative approach to EMS implementation; however, there is a regulative inclination in Newcastle's approach. It has also been noted that there is a difference between the standards (e.g. ISO 14001 and EMAS) and the actual use of the standards. The standards are fairly regulative while the application of the standards varies from organization to organization.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Emilsson (Gustafsson), Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of Standardised Environmental Management Systems in Swedish Local Authorities; reasons, expectations and some outcomes
- 2002
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - 1462-9011. ; 5:6, s. 443-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental issues have become increasingly important in Swedish local authorities during the last decade. This has been shown as almost half of the local authorities are implementing environmental management systems (EMSs) in their organisations as a voluntary commitment to improve their environmental efforts. In the autumn 2000, a national postal survey to learn more about EMS implementation in Swedish local authorities was carried out. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons behind Swedish local authorities’ EMS implementation, what the local authorities expect EMS implementation to bring to their organisations, what environmentally related outcomes they have observed, and how the EMS work is co-ordinated. Although Swedish local authorities often have ambitious plans for EMS implementation, few resources are allocated for this purpose, which means, in fact, that EMS implementation is not a high priority. Our study showed that the chief reason for implementing EMSs was of organisational origin (such as bringing order to the environmental efforts), although EMS implementation is often viewed as an environmental project. This paper also discusses the problems surrounding the fact that EMSs are viewed as projects and not as continuous processes that are integrated into the organisation.
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| 26. |
- Emilsson (Gustafsson), Sara, 1974-
(författare)
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Local authorities' approaches to standardised environmental management systems
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim with this thesis is to create a broader understanding of how the EMS tool works in local authorities. This means to study whether EMS is a useful tool for managing the environmental impact from the local authorities' activities and by highlighting its strengths and weaknesses as a tool. EMS is a tool that is used on a voluntary basis that aims at improving organisations' environmental performance. There are several standards for designing EMSs; however, this thesis focuses on EMSs designed according to the principles of the international standard ISO 14001 and the EU regulation Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). The standards are based on a wide range of requirements. If these requirements are fulfilled, the organisation can choose to get its EMS certified by a third party. The EMS tool is frequently used in the private sector, and it is sometimes argued that it is designed for private (industrial) organisations. However, local authorities worldwide have shown an increased interest in EMSs since the mid 1990s. The EMS use in the private sector has been subject to some critique. For example, there is a risk that the tool is used only to get another certificate in order to increase their legitimacy, which means that there is a risk that the environmental issues are neglected. Until now, little academic research has been conducted concerning EMS use in local authorities. Therefore, it is interesting to study what approaches local authorities have to EMSs.Mainly Swedish local authorities have been studied for this thesis. Many Swedish local authorities have been using EMSs for a fairly long time, which means that they have a certain amount of experience from this using tool. The local authorities' approaches to EMS use have been studied from several perspectives using postal surveys, interviews, and case study methodology. This means that the research has a strong empirical foundation.The EMS use in Swedish local authorities is fairly common, since almost half of them are in the process of implementing EMSs in all or some of their departments. The main reason for implementing EMSs is to improve the structure of their environmental management. The local authorities often use ISO 14001 and/or EMAS as inspiration and design the EMSs according to their local conditions and ambitions, thus certification of the EMSs is seldom an aim. Although many local authorities seem to use EMSs in a reflective and sensible way, several barriers or difficulties - for example, maintaining continuity and ensuring follow-up of the environmental improvements - have been discovered. Furthermore, the EMSs that are being implemented often exclude environmental impact related to their exercise of authority since it is difficult and abstract. Including environmental impact related to these activities is often seen as a matter of maturity. To develop the organisations' EMSs, internal and external communication and interaction is experienced as very important. Such issues contribute to the EMS maturity processes, since the local authorities find new inspiration, knowledge, and motivation to further develop the EMS processes and, as a consequence, improve their environmental performance.
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| 27. |
- Emilsson (Gustafsson), Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Managing indirect environmental impact within local authorities' standardized environmental management systems
- 2007
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Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 12:1, s. 73-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many local authorities use standardized environmental management systems (EMSs) to improve their environmental management. These authorities often find it difficult to manage environmental impact caused by their exercise of authority i.e. indirect environmental impact (IEI) within their EMSs. Since this is connected to their core activities, it is important to understand how IEI could be more efficiently managed with respect to EMS work. The purpose for this paper is to study if and how IEI could be managed within the framework of EMS. In this study we have identified two different approaches to managing IEI. Because managing IEI is complex, it is often ignored when initiating EMSs or managed by explicitly avoid mentioning the concept. Managing IEI is seen as a matter of maturity within the organization. The paper concludes with a discussion regarding a developed definition of IEI and how management of IEI could be facilitated.
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| 28. |
- Emilsson (Gustafsson), Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping Environmental Management Systems Initiatives in Swedish Local authorities - a national survey
- 2002
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Ingår i: Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1535-3958 .- 1535-3966. ; 9:2, s. 107-115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nearly half of all Swedish local authorities use environmental management systems (EMSs) in their environmental work. This was shown in the postal survey that is the basis for this paper. The survey was conducted in September 2000 among all 289 local authorities in Sweden, generating an 81% return rate. It was performed in order to gain an understanding of how common it is to implement EMSs in local authorities, how far in the EMS process they have come and what organizations are objects of EMS implementation. It proved to be primarily the technical organizations that have adopted this kind of work and it is most common that these kinds of organization use a third party validation. ISO 14001 is the most frequently used standard but, in general, standards are used only as guidelines when designing EMSs, which means that certification/registration is not an overall objective among Swedish local authorities.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Emilsson (Gustafsson), Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards sustainability management systems in three Swedish local authorities
- 2009
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Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 14:8, s. 721-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the development towards sustainability management systems (SMSs) in three Swedish local authorities. Many local authorities have extensive experience in using standardised Environmental Management Systems (EMSs). Recently EMSs have extended their reach by widening the scope of the systems including other dimensions of sustainable development. Case studies have been performed in three of the most EMS-experienced local authorities in Sweden. These authorities have extended their EMSs into a sustainability management approach in different ways. This paper discusses the development, possible contributions, and constraints with this development. Expanding EMSs into SMSs can be seen as a learning process in which a larger systems perspective leads to increased awareness that the management system becomes limited by only managing environmental issues. Expanding the EMSs into SMSs may lead to a more complete view of the organisation's total impact on nature and society, and issues that need to be managed.
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| 32. |
- Englund, Andreas, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Market barriers for environmental innovations
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes market barriers experienced by Swedish innovators in start-up companies early in the process of bringing environmental innovations to the market. The studied innovators are mainly active in a business-to-business market that often involves capital-intensive industry sectors and large companies are seen as important customers. Most of the market barriers identified can be related to customer relations. The innovators experience their customers’ negative attitudes and unwillingness to try new technologies as major barriers. Furthermore, they perceived their customers to be conservative and reluctant to take risks. These barriers may be relevant in most innovation developments although they may be more articulated for environmental innovations since such innovations mostly evolve in emerging industries and since capital-intensive industry sectors dominate the area. Measures to stimulate diffusion of environmental innovation are discussed, including ways to encourage customers to test new technologies and to see the adoption of the innovation as worth the perceived risks.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Fenton, Paul David, 1981-
(författare)
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Five factors for urban sustainability - exploring influences on municipal strategic planning
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, there has been increasing consensus that sustainable urban development is critical to the future of human societies and planetary systems. The effects of population growth and the environmental impacts of human activities are evident around the world, observable not only in the rapid urbanisation of many large cities, but also in small-medium conurbations, rural communities, and even uninhabited areas. For this reason, sustainable urban development is the theme of this licentiate thesis.The thesis focuses on the role of municipal organisations, the ways in which processes to develop strategies and policies addressing urban sustainability are organised, and how other stakeholders participate in such processes. The thesis concludes by presenting a new conceptual framework that aims to inform such strategic processes - the “five factors” influencing strategic planning processes for urban sustainability in municipalities.The five factors concern the capacity of municipalities and others to act for urban sustainability; their mandate to do so; the resources available to them; the scope of their processes and intended outcomes; and their will, individually and collectively, to pursue urban sustainability. The “five factors” concept may aid future analysis of urban sustainability processes, both in planning and implementation. The “five factors” are based upon the findings of the three appended papers and the synthesis of their results in this thesis.The first and second papers present studies of energy and climate strategy planning processes in Swedish municipalities active in a national programme, the Sustainable Municipality (Uthållig kommun). Paper 1 focuses upon the organisation of processes to develop energy and climate strategies, whereas Paper 2 reflects upon the experiences of participating stakeholders in such processes. The two papers build upon existing theoretical frameworks and present empirical data from case studies of five municipalities, based on document studies, interviews and comparative analysis, in order to make conclusions about the advantages and disadvantages of variations in the form and composition of energy and climate planning (e.g. that early involvement of stakeholders results in more comprehensive strategies).In contrast, Paper 3 presents analysis of a multidisciplinary sample of academic journal articles addressing “urban sustainability” and published during the period 2011-2012. As such, this paper focuses on how urban sustainability is practiced, observed and represented in academic literature, and considers different issues that arise as a consequence (e.g. a lack of analysis of urban sustainability governance processes in municipalities). Whereas Papers 1 and 2 observe practice, making insights with reference to specific theoretical perspectives, Paper 3 provides overview and identifies wider challenges and opportunities for research on the theme of urban sustainability. Together, the three papers highlight a number of issues that influence the development of municipalities’ strategic work for urban sustainability – the five factors.
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| 35. |
- Fenton, Paul, 1981-
(författare)
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Sustainability · Strategy · Space – exploring influences on governing for urban sustainability in municipalities
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pursuit of urban sustainability is considered central to sustainable development and is a key objective of the global Sustainable Development Goals (2015) and the New Urban Agenda (2016). This thesis aims to contribute to debates on urban sustainability by providing insights as to the role of actors participating in processes of governing for urban sustainability, with particular focus on the municipal organisation.The thesis employs an interdisciplinary approach to illustrate divergent approaches to governing for urban sustainability, with reference to empirical studies of strategic planning processes in municipalities in selected North-western European countries – Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands.These studies address themes including climate change, sustainable transport and multi-level governance. The thesis provides a broad overview of theoretical discussions related to governing, strategy and planning, the role of actors in governing for urban sustainability, and the particular importance of climate change as a challenge for urban sustainability.A number of research gaps are identified and addressed in two research questions, focusing on the organisation and practice of processes of governing for urban sustainability, and the factors influencing actors participating in such processes. The thesis responds to these research questions with reference to five appended papers, which illustrate different dimensions of governing for urban sustainability.The first paper concerns the organisation of processes to develop energy and climate strategies in Swedish municipalities, and the second paper highlights the experiences of actors participating in such processes. The third paper presents results from a survey illustrating the expectations of stakeholders active in governing transport in the city of Norrköping, Sweden.In the fourth paper, the development and implementation of policies aiming for sustainable transport and urban sustainability in Basel, Switzerland, are discussed. In the final paper, cooperation through transnational municipal networks is explored with reference to the World Ports Climate Declaration, an initiative of the city of Rotterdam.The thesis confirms the presence of five factors – capacity, mandate, resources, scope and will – that shape the “strategy space” of actors and play an important role in conditioning the form and content of processes of governing for urban sustainability. The thesis suggests that the ways in which a municipal organisation perceive and mobilise the five factors will strongly determine the extent of its sustainability strategy space.In sum, municipal organisations and other actors participating in processes of governing for urban sustainability need to mobilise the five factors and expand their strategy space, in order to achieve vertical and horizontal alignment of strategic objectives and facilitate implementation that delivers transformative change.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Finne, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Reversed Multi-Layer Design as an Approach to Designing for Digital Seniors
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The personal computer (PC) has been around for more than 35 years by now. Today, we find early adopters of the PC who have been using computers at home for 25 or 30 years and are now themselves in their eighties or nineties. Despite this there is still a lot of research focusing on how to introduce and teach the use of information technology to older people. In this paper we argue that it is time for a shift to designing for digital seniors, i.e., older long-time computer users. Over time this will be the dominating user group and we need to design for continued use of IT rather than guiding older computer novices. The paper also presents the concept Gracefully adaptive user interfaces and provides a case study in the form of a prototype re-design of Facebook aimed at exploring and illustrating how designing for digital seniors can be approached.
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| 38. |
- Grönberg, Per-Olof, 1966-
(författare)
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Learning and Returning : Return Migration of Swedish Engineers from the United States, 1880-1940
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines different aspects of international migration and return migration among Swedish engineers – particularly to and from the United States between 1880 and 1940. The social, geographical, and educational backgrounds of these engineers and their role in diffusing technological knowledge in Sweden in addition to being a possible source of technical development during the country’s second industrial breakthrough is of particular interest. Swedish engineers were a geographically mobile group. The labour market and contemporary mass emigration from Sweden to North America contributed. However, the ideal emigrating Swedish engineer was, in a Weberian sense, a ”target migrant” who planned to return after a well-defined interval. More than two-thirds of the emigrating engineers later returned to Sweden. International industrial competition was important in the Swedish development nationalism and so was American examples and returning Swedish-Americans. American experience, but also German, was a valuable symbolic capital in what can be identified as an engineering field in line with Bourdieu. The engineers were informed about technical development in the leading industrial countries and this spurred an interest to work with technology that was largely unknown in Sweden at the time. The engineers emigrated to learn the technology and the contemporary spirit in Sweden increased the power and influence of engineers with this experience. Return rates among engineers differed according to their social, geographical and educational background. Generally speaking, engineers from a high social origin, a high level of education, and born in the larger cities were most prone to return. The social and symbolic capital of these engineers made them attach greater importance to the opportunities on the engineering field. Foreign experience raised engineers with low social origins and levels of education. However those with a higher background and more education classes, who also had foreign experience were the ones who were most likely to reach the level of management. Four representative companies are studied to examine the role of returning engineers. These are: ASEA (electrical), Sandvikens Järnverks AB (steel and iron), Bolidens Gruv AB (mining) and Bolinders Mekaniska Verkstads AB (engineering industry). The share of returning engineers who filled responsible positions was highest at ASEA. It was somewhat lower at Sandviken. At the other two companies, there were returning engineers in the top management but the source material does not allow for the same kind of systematic study as at the two former. Even if there also was purely technical influence brought about by the returning engineers, the knowledge gained from American companies consisted mainly of how to rationally organise workshops and rolling mills etc. in a more or less Taylorist spirit. Often, these practices were combined with a sense of welfarism that largely also came from the United States. However, it would be an exaggeration to call all these practices American as engineers with experience in Germany also contributed ideas regarding organisation. The technical influence on Sweden was thus a mix in which the United States was most important. In the electrical industry, engineers who had worked in Germany challenged those who returned from the United States while those with experience in Britain contributed to Swedish engineering companies. Engineers who had worked in Norway played a considerable role in the mining industry. It was in the field of steel and iron production Swedish-American engineers were most evident. The returning engineers filled a large number of key positions in the leading companies in the four industrial branches studied here. The fact that there were several engineers with similar experience acting after a specific pattern ensured they held considerable influence. Returning engineers were most evident in the electrical and engineering industries and least conspicuous in mining although even there a fourth of all managing directors and chief engineers had foreign experience. This pattern clearly points to the returning engineers as being a source of technical development in Sweden during the second industrial breakthrough. As such, they could possibly be considered an historical example of what today is often referred to as ‘brain-gain’.
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| 39. |
- Gustafsson (Emilsson), Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Allt eller inget? : om kommunens roll i det hållbara lokalsamhället
- 2010. - 1
-
Ingår i: Samtal pågår.... - Norrköping : Centrum för kommunstrategiska studier, Linköpings universitet. - 9789173934176 ; , s. 59-65
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Är det bättre med stora än med små kommuner? Kommer folkrörelsepartierna att bli mer kampanj- och väljarorienterade i framtiden? Hur formas en boendepolitik för det goda åldrandet? Lokala transportstrategier – hur och för vem? Hur påverkas kommunledningars samverkan om gymnasieskolan av att det finns friskolor? Är kulturekonomi framtidens lokala tillväxtmotor?Dessa och andra frågor behandlas i denna bok. Den är ett led i Centrum för kommunstrategiska studiers, CKS, arbete med att bygga en dialog – utveckla goda samtal – mellan Linköpings universitet och medlemskommunerna i CKS. Den innehåller fjorton olika artiklar, inlägg, som forskare författat för att förmedla sina resultat, men också för att stärka en dialog med politiker och tjänstemän i kommunerna. Inläggen spänner över många olika ämnen och frågeställningar. De är i vissa fall konkreta och koncisa i andra fall beskrivande och reflekterande. Alla är de av kommunstrategisk karaktär.I en kommun fattas en mängd olika politiska beslut kring de mest skiftande ämnen. Det kräver kunskap, reflektion och gedigna beslutsunderlag. Då kan forskares analyser och kunskapsproduktion vara till nytta. För att en fördjupad och samhällsrelevant forskning ska komma till stånd behövs emellertid reaktioner från politiker och tjänstemän. Det finns alltså ett ömsesidigt beroende. Det kan hanteras genom samtal i vilka forskare, politiker och tjänstemän kan utbyta erfarenheter, tankar och kunskaper. Inläggen i denna bok visar att samtal pågår.
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| 40. |
- Gustafsson (f.d. Emilsson), Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Strategiskt och verkningsfullt? : Ledningsverktygs bidrag till kommuners hållbarhetsarbete
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kommuner kan pekas ut som nyckelaktörer i arbetet för en mer hållbar utveckling. De verkar nära medborgarna och utgör en länk mellan medborgare och nationella/internationella myndigheter och aktörer. Vi har haft förmånen att under en tioårsperiod följa svenska kommuners arbete med att organisera och systematisera arbetet för ett mer hållbart lokalsamhälle. Under den tiden har vi sett en trend som innebär att det har blivit allt vanligare att kommuner tar på sig ansvar utöver det lagstadgade och arbetar mer proaktivt för ett hållbart lokalsamhälle. Det finns en uppsjö av verktyg som kommuner (och andra organisationer) kan använda för att få stöd i detta arbete. Många är förenklade och anpassade varianter av ISO 14001 och EMAS, som är internationellt accepterade verktyg, för att strukturera och systematisera miljöarbetet i en organisation. Den här rapporten är en syntes av de studier som vi har genomfört under det senaste decenniet. Det empiriska underlaget baseras främst på intervjuer (allt från fokusgruppintervjuer till telefonintervjuer), dokumentstudier och observationer. Rapporten syftar till att diskutera om och hur ledningsverktyg kan bidra till ett mer effektivt och verkningsfullt strategiskt miljö- och hållbarhetsarbete i kommuner. Centralt för syntesen har varit att reflektera över de verktyg som kommunerna väljer att använda, på vilket sätt verktygen används samt hur detta arbete integreras i den kommunala organisationen. Vår forskning tar sin utgångspunkt i miljöperspektivet i hållbar utveckling i och med att vi initialt studerade hur kommuner arbetar med att införa standardiserade miljöledningssystem. Vi har följt många kommuner från deras första, ofta trevande, försök till att införa miljöledningssystem till att de har ledningssystem som integrerar miljöperspektivet med de övriga perspektiven i hållbar utveckling. Denna utveckling beskriver vi i de tre utvecklingsfaserna: interna miljöledningssystem, mogna miljöledningssystem samt hållbarhetsledningssystem. Utvecklingen har gått från en ganska snäv systemsyn, både vad gäller innehåll och aktörer i systemen, till en vidare systemsyn där olika perspektiv och flera aktörer involveras. Ett internt miljöledningssystem kännetecknas bland annat av att det främst är miljöexperterna i organisationen som är involverade, att miljöledningen sker särkopplat från verksamhetsstyrningen och att kommunerna ofta väljer att begränsa detta arbete till de tekniska förvaltningarna. I ett moget miljöledningssystem har miljöledningsarbetet en mer central roll i organisationen där de flesta verksamheter och de flesta anställda är involverade. Ett moget miljöledningssystem innebär också att kommunen har en större kunskap om vilket angreppssätt som passar de lokala förutsättningarna. Det resulterar ofta i lokalt utarbetade modeller för hur miljöledningssystemsarbetet ska organiseras och implementeras. Många kommuner inser efter en tid att det är svårt att hantera miljöfrågan i ett separat system som är skiljt från den övriga styrningen och flera upplever att de andra perspektiven i hållbar utveckling borde kunna hanteras med samma systematik som miljöfrågorna. Därför har det blivit allt vanligare att kommuners miljöledningssystem utvecklats till hållbarhetsledningssystem. Dessa har liknande egenskaper som ett moget miljöledningssystem vad gäller intern spridning och position, men det omfattar alla tre perspektiven i hållbar utveckling och bygger på en bredare samverkan där även externa intressenter är inkluderade. En av rapportens viktigaste slutsatser är att det är svårt för kommuner att styra i riktning mot en mer hållbar utveckling. En anledning till det är begreppet ”hållbar utvecklings” komplexitet. Det är ett begrepp som har visat sig ha olika innebörd för olika aktörer. Verksamhetsstyrning utgår från att man har tydliga mål och om man vill styra för en mer hållbar utveckling är det viktigt att ha en viss samsyn kring vad det är man vill uppnå. Ett sätt att underlätta införandet av ett miljö- och hållbarhetsledningssystem är att utgå från de strukturer och ansvarsposter som redan existerar i organisationen samt att utforma ett arbetssätt som är anpassat till dem som ska använda det. Annars riskerar ledningssystemet att bli en hyllvärmare, som inte får något genomslag i det praktiska arbetet, och som därmed begränsas i verkningsfullhet. Vi tror att ledningsverktyg kan bidra med struktur och inspiration för kommuners arbete med att organisera och systematisera sitt miljö- och hållbarhetsarbete, men det är viktigt att kommunerna reflekterar över varför de gör den här typen av insats samt om dessa gör nytta i förhållande till kommunens huvudprocesser.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Gustafsson, Sara, Biträdande professor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Strategic spatial planning -a missed opportunity to facilitate district heating systems based on excess heat
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 27:9, s. 1709-1726
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strategic spatial planning is important for developing long-termvisions and strategies towards regional and local sustainability.This paper explores if and how strategic spatial planning could beuseful for overcoming some barriers related to new sustainableways of heating residential areas, using district heating systemsbased on industrial excess heat. This longitudinal study builds oninterviews with municipal and private actors in six Swedishmunicipalities. It highlights that important barriers can beovercome by influencing the design and location of residentialdistricts and industrial activities. Further, it identifies missedopportunities in local spatial planning practice as stakeholders areinvolved late in the planning when much is set, leaving littlespace for stakeholders to have an impact. Consequently, theremight be a lack of knowledge and expertise in how such issuescould enhance planning. Strategic spatial planning could facilitateconditions for excess heat-based systems of district heating as itimplies a broader systems perspective which could enhance abroader planning scope. Plan programs could bring about morestrategic spatial planning processes as these require earlystakeholder involvement. If taking stakeholder involvement onestep further to stakeholder collaboration or co-production, aneven broader planning scope would be achieved.
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| 43. |
- Halvarsson Lundqvist, Agneta, Filosofie doktor, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Grön omställning i svenska tillverkningsföretag : En interaktiv förstudie av omställningsprogram för små och medelstora företag
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport behandlar hur grön omställning i små och medelstora företag inom svensk tillverkningsindustri kan påskyndas. Utgångspunkten är att dessa företag behöver öka sin kunskap om hur hållbarhetsfrågor kommer påverka deras verksamhet och framtida konkurrenskraft och utifrån denna kunskap genomföra ett omställningsarbete. För att underlätta denna gröna omställning bedrivs ett stort antal satsningar ofta finansierade av offentliga myndigheter såsom den svenska innovationsmyndigheten Vinnova. Rapporten utgör en del av en förstudie tillika följeforskningsprojekt, benämnt IFGO (interaktiv forskning för grön omställning), och inriktas mot fem VINNOVA-finansierade program/projekt som avser att utveckla metoder för, samt stödja den gröna omställningen hos huvudsakligen små och medelstora tillverkande industriföretag. Syftet med denna rapport är att förmedla kunskap om program för att stödja grön omställning i svensk tillverkningsindustri och vidareutveckla denna kunskap, samt att kategorisera ett urval av sådana program som finansierats av Vinnova. Förstudien resulterade i sex slutsatser vilka bedöms ha avgörande betydelse för en storskalig och verkningsfull stöttning av små och medelstora tillverkande företags gröna omställning. Flertalet av slutsatserna kan vara brett tillämpbara för hela näringslivet.
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| 44. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
FISH AND SEABIRD SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE AROUND THE LARGEST SEABIRD COLONY IN THE BALTIC SEA
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Marine Ornithology. - 1018-3337 .- 2074-1235. ; 46:1, s. 61-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the at-sea distribution of two auks (Common Murre Uria aalge, Razorbill Alca torda), two gulls (Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus, Herring Gull Larus argentatus), and Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo during the peak breeding season of 2014 around Stora Karlso, the main Baltic Sea seabird colony. Simultaneously, we quantified forage fish abundance and distribution using hydro-acoustics and pelagic trawling. The auks and gulls had a roughly similar distribution, foraging mainly about 40 km west-northwest from the colony. Great Cormorants were found only in inshore areas, close to the colony. Sprat Sprattus sprattus and herring Clupea harengus biomass was, respectively, 1.38 and 2.68 mt/km(2) averaged over the whole study area. These estimates represent a total biomass for small pelagic fish of 17 900 t in the 4 408 km(2) study area. The estimated prey consumption over the breeding season was 2 310 t for Common Murre and Razorbill combined. Thus, auks may have a non-negligible impact on their prey sources in the region. Common Murres foraged closer to the colony (median 36.3 km) than Razorbills (median 41.1 km), but we found no significant correlation between auk at-sea numbers and fish densities. We discuss how new technology can contribute to detailed monitoring of the interactions between seabirds and fish at different spatial and temporal scales, with the ultimate aim of providing a scientific basis for ecosystem-based management.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hjelm, Olof, 1967-
(författare)
-
Advantage Eco-design - A partnership for promoting ecodesign activities in small companies
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Partnership for Sustainable Development,2004.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper evaluates a project that promotes eco-design activities in small companies. Small companies have special needs when it comes to eco-design. Here I present a way of working that uses partnerships between small companies, authorities, consultants, and universities to promote such activities. The project addresses two connected parts: training and network activities as well as individual product development at each company. At the start, the companies were given advice about environmental work, eco-design, and life-cycle thinking. Before starting the eco-design activities, the project actively tried to find the right resources (consultants) needed for each company. The product development activities greatly differed between companies, depending on the type of project and the ambitions of the companies. After some time, we had more network meetings that included training, exchange of experience during the individual project work, and site-visits at companies in the project. The project was finalised by an official exhibition where the companies displayed new products or product ideas developed in the project. With support from the project, four companies developed a new generation of an existing product and introduced it on the market, one developed new concepts to be used in further development, two made initial work and changes on existing products, and finally one company developed a design tool to be used in coming eco-design-activities. These examples are now used for marketing eco-design activities in the work with regional economic development. This paper describes the network of actors, way of working, and outcomes of -Advantage Ecodesign-. In addition, the paper discusses how good examples can be used in the regional economic development and the importance of creating good partnerships to build a platform for continuous eco-design activities in small companies.
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| 47. |
- Hjelm, Olof, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
From Tool Technique to Tool Practice : Experiences from the Project Seamless : Strategic Environmental Assessment and Management in Local Authorities in Sweden
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report contains the results from the project SEAMLESS, Strategic Environmental Assessment and Management in Local authoritiES in Sweden. The aim of SEAMLESS was to explore conceptual foundations as well as feasibility of establishing better operational and methodological linkages between tools for strategic environmental planning, assessment and management, especially between SEA (according to the EG directive 2001/42/EC and EMS based on the main principles of ISO 14001/EMAS) in local authorities. The rationale for the study was that local authorities are important actors on the environmental arena, which make and implement a large number of decisions directly and indirectly affecting the environment. A multitude of different systems and tools have been developed to support environmental management at local authorities and an integrated use of different tools can have various benefits. The SEAMLESS project has been realized through five main steps. First, a literature review and a survey of international practice were performed. Second, in parallel to the first step, an initial conceptual framework was constructed. The third step in the research process was to carry out case studies in six selected Swedish local authorities in order get a better understanding of how SEA and EMS are dealt with in practice. In the fourth step, the results from the previous steps in the research process were compiled and analyzed in order to develop and conduct a pilot study. Finally in the fifth step, general recommendations for integrated use of strategic planning, assessment and management tools were formulated. Theoretically, local sustainable development strategies could benefit from having influence from some of the main approaches and principles in SEA and EMS methodologies. Achieving this in practice, however, is a challenge that requires a wide systems perspective and a certain degree of maturity in the organization. At the time of SEAMLESS an integrated approach of SEA and EMS was not possible nor asked for by the studied local authorities. The SEAMLESS project‘s core concepts tool technique and tool practice were used for explaining and analyzing the preconditions, possibilities and difficulties in integrating SEA and EMS. Tool technique addresses the more technical aspects of the tools use and integration, neglecting the context in which it is to be used. Applying a tool technique perspective there are several possible linkages between the studied tools that could enhance each tool, e.g. widening the scope of EMS and facilitating follow up of SEA. It is important to understand the context, since it influences the feasibility of tool integration; therefore a tool practice perspective is needed. Furthermore tool integration is another important concept in the SEAMLESS project, where three different stages of integration were identified: formal integration, learning integration and interactive integration. A too strong focus on formal integration (which is closely connected to tool technique) might lead to that potential linkages are not realized. To make such integration possible the focus should be more on learning integration. Interactive integration is hard to achieve and it can be questioned if it is desired. Too much focus on interactive integration might lead to complex resource demanding tool causing ineffectiveness and tool fatigue. The SEAMLESS project resulted in a set of recommendations based on that integration should not be seen as a goal in itself; that attempts of tool integration should focus on bridging the different professional cultures; and that a wide systems perspective is needed.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Hjelm, Olof, 1967-
(författare)
-
Organohalogens in coniferous forest soil
- 1996
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is focused on naturally produced organohalogens in soil. It was long assumed that organohalogens found in the environment were mainly of anthropogenic origin, but recent research has shown that large amounts of naturally produced organohalogens are stored in terrestrial environments. The present study show that halogens are natural constituents of soil organic matter and that an in situ production takes place in soil. Moreover, it is strongly indicated that this production is related to decomposition of organic matter and that fungi generally produce organohalogens during degradation of organic matter. Together, these findings infer that degradation of organic matter is a key process in the formation of organically bound halogens in terrestrial ecosystems. Evidence is also presented that supports the hypothesis that halometabolite production is a source of the organohalogens found in soil, but the relative contribution from this and other potential sources remains to be elucidated.The investigations of the present thesis were limited to coniferous forest soil, and the intention was to examine soil under natural conditions, thus emphasis was placed on field studies. However, since soil in itself is a complex system, laboratory studies were performed to examine aspects not easily observed in the field. The distribution of organohalogens and organic matter at different depths in a soil profile was investigated. The results indicated that organohalogens were produced in the top soil, hence subsequent studies were focused on top soils, in particular the litter layer.Changes in the total amount of organohalogens during decomposition of organic matter in top soil was studied by employing the conventional litter bag technique. Furthermore, experiments were conducted that focused on organisms that degrade organic matter. The fungus Lepista nuda was used as a representative of litter degrading fungi, and investigations were conducted both as field studies of a fairy ring formed by this fungus and as laboratory studies under controlled conditions. Furthermore, the ability of white-rot fungi to produce organohalogens while decomposing wood was examined under laboratory conditions. The chemical analytical methods primarily used were GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ) and GC-AED (gas chromatography-atomic emission detection).
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