| 1. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, Professor, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Amerikansk strategisk återhållsamhet och europeisk strategisk respons – tre typer av strategisk respons mot bakgrund av Brexit
- 2021
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In: Internasjonal Politikk. - : Cappelen Damm AS - Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 0020-577X .- 1891-1757. ; 79:2, s. 114-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Den här artikeln identifierar och analyserar tre olika reaktioner, i artikeln benämnda »strategisk respons», på amerikansk strategisk återhållsamhet sedan 2017 och mot bakgrund av Brexit: »Liberal övervintring», »Ett starkare Europa» och »En bredare koalition». Analysen kopplar strategisk respons, strategiskt aktörskap och strategisk autonomi och leder till två slutsatser: För det första att Brexit snararare har gynnat än hindrat det europeiska säkerhets- och försvarssamarbetet, såväl inom ramen för EU som mellan EU och stater som står utanför EU, däribland Storbritannien. För det andra att den framväxande säkerhetsordningen innebär nya och annorlunda förutsättningar för det säkerhets- och försvarspolitiska samarbetet i Europa, inte minst i Norden.
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| 2. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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Building international institutions for environmental protection : The case of Baltic Sea environmental cooperation
- 1992
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis focuses upon the ambiguity in international environmental law and practice, between, the principle of sic utere tuo ut alienum non iaedas, also referred to as the solidarity principle, and the sovereignty principle. Accordingly, the international regime for environmental protection could, on the one hand, be regarded as promoting policies out of concern for the common good, but on the other hand; the sovereignty principle restricts the possibilities for such policies. The aim of the study is to examine how these principles are reflected in the establishment and maintenance of international environmental institutions; to analyse how the dilemma has been treated in the case of Baltic Sea environmental protection; and to explore various theoretical conceptions of international cooperation, focusing upon different concepts of sovereignty and slate action. Moreover, the traditional notions of international cooperation are complemented with the concept of international cooperation understood as communicative action, which widens the interpretation of sovereignty and state action.The central argument is that, although the solidarity principle and thesovereignty principle can be viewed as equal from a moral/legal perspective, the dominating interpretation of them makes the former principle subordinated to the latter. Within the framework of professional strategies policies out of concern for the common good are possible; whereas cooperation at the political level is restricted by the sovereignty principle and institutionalised state action. Accordingly the forms of Baltic Sea environmental cooperation have changed, both due to changing political circumstances, and as a result of institutional development.
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| 3. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, Professor, 1964-
(author)
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Civil Association Across Borders : Law, Morality and Responsibility in the Post-Brexit Era
- 2018
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In: Journal of International Political Theory. - : Sage Publications. - 1755-0882 .- 1755-1722. ; 14:3, s. 299-313
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Michael Oakeshott’s distinction between ‘civil association’ and ‘enterprise association’ has inspired international society theorists to conceive of international society as not just a ‘purposive association’ constructed by states to satisfy their interests but also as a ‘practical association’ providing formal and pragmatic rules that are not instrumental to particular goals of state policy. While this article is supportive of the Oakeshottian turn in international society theory, it suggests that somewhat different conclusions can be drawn from it. The article sketches out an alternative conception of international ‘civil association’, one that transcends the boundaries of communities. It is argued that such a notion of civil association is both possible and at the same time anchored in the experiences of the modern state. It is suggested that this notion of international civil association, when sustained by an adequate legal conception, promotes the enforcement of moral and political responsibility across borders. Finally, it is argued that European governments post-Brexit should strive to retain, as much as possible, the element of civil association present in European relations in order to preserve the civil condition, the rule of law, and in order to enhance political responsibility across borders.
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| 4. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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Development and Implementation of Baltic Sea Pollution Commitments : The Case of Sweden
- 1998
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In: The NEBI Yearbook 1998: North European and Baltic Sea Integration. - Berlin, Germany : Springer Interantional Verlag. - 3540642102
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Thirty-three papers examine various aspects of integration in the North European area, from the Barents region in the north to the Baltic Sea in the south. Papers discuss economic integration; spatial planning and the environment; transborder regional cooperation; and political integration, territorial governance, and foreign and security policy. Also includes statistics on the current status and development of countries in Northern Europe and the Baltic. Hedegaard is with the Nordic Center for Spatial Development in Copenhagen. Lindstrom is in the Department of Statistics and Economics Research in Aland, Aland Islands. Index.
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| 5. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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Equality in International Society : A Reappraisal
- 2014
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The author re-examines the concept of equality in international society, past and present. The conventional view that equality of states necessarily flows from sovereignty, that it is a corollary to sovereignty or simply a synonym, is considered a contingent rather than a necessary contention. The main argument is that equality in global international society should be theorised anew, restoring the normative strength of the principle. It is shown how concepts of equality make intelligible different normative and ethical conceptions of the modern political space in the past. Drawing on the works of such diverse theorists as Hans Kelsen, Peter Singer, John Rawls and Michael Oakeshott, the author suggests how a renewed interest in equality contributes to making international society a more inclusive, egalitarian, and credible moral and political association.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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Humanitarian Intervention and Moral Responsibility
- 2015
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In: De Ethica: A Journal of Philosophical, Theological and Applied Ethics. - : Linkoping University Electronic Press. - 2001-8819. ; 2:1, s. 19-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This essay investigates the moral aspects of humanitarian intervention. Humanitarian intervention involves the balancing of at least three sometimes contradictory principles - the autnonomy of states, the prohibition of war and the reduction of harm and human suffering - and hence requires not merely a legal and political approach to the matter but renders a moral viewpoint necessary. It is argued that P.F. Strawson's concept Moral Reactive Attitudes (MRA) contributes to analysing the moral dilemmas and priorities involved. First, MRA underlines the moral aspects of international society that are essential for dealing with the moral conflict inherent in international society. Secondly, MRA helps to balance between competing claims of justification and legitimacy in cases of humanitarian intervention.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, Professor, 1964-
(author)
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Kelsen's Legal Logic of International Pluralism
- 2022
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In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft/Austrian Journal of Political Science. - 1615-5548. ; 51:3, s. 62-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a Kelsenian perspective on international pluralism showing that international pluralism is not necessarilythe logical consequence of sovereignty but bestowed upon states by international law through the principle of equality. Thepaper argues that this leads to an improved concept of international pluralism as more than a by-product of sovereignty logic.Flowing from Kelsenian legal logic, international pluralism and legal cosmopolitanism share the same origin in theGrundnorm.Hence, this perspective on international relations appeases the perceived conflict between international pluralism andcosmopolitanism. Moreover, the paper suggests that the approach provides a different framework for analyzing internationalnorms and practices, their normative relationship and evolution
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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"Om Brexit?" eller "Om inte Brexit?" : Konsekvenser för transatlantisk säkerhet
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The starting point for this analysis is that there is no ’business as usual’ when considering the consequences of the Brexit referendum: there is either the question ’if Brexit?’ or the question ’if-not Brexit?’ because there is no turning around or comfortable retreat to established positions. Starting with an analysis of the British debate this ‘policy-brief paper’ looks at the consequences of the Brexit referendum for transatlantic security relations and in particular the consequences for Sweden. The most important arguments are, in brief: (1) That the value conflict inherent in the British debate, essentially between Eurosceptic nationalism and pro-EU integrationism, is mirrored in several European nations and remains a challenge to the EU; (2) that while Britain remains a European power regardless of the outcome of the referendum, the British geo-political outlook is differs from that of other European nations and will have to be taken into account when considering transatlantic security relations; (3) that NATO is likely to be even more important if Britain leaves the EU but that a strengthening of NATO’s European pillar is likely regardless of the outcome of the referendum, among other things because of US demands on European nations to improve their military capacity; (4) that Sweden in the case of Brexit is likely to lose influence over the development of European security cooperation in general but might nevertheless be able to gain in influence mainly as a result of Sweden’s geo-strategic position.
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| 12. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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Platons "Statsmannen"
- 2006
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In: Statsmannaskap: Begrepp och praktik. - Stockholm : Santérus förlag. - 9189449894 - 9789189449893 ; , s. 21-35
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Global uppvärmning, terrorism, världsfattigdom är tre exempel på företeelser som i vår tid ställer stora krav på ledarskap för att kunna lösas. Ledarskap utöver det vanliga, statsmannaskap. Syftet med denna bok är att öka förståelsen av statsmannaskap som förmågan att i utsatta situationer se problem och lösningar i ett längre perspektiv, att kunna höja blicken och bortse från kortsiktighet och egenintresse. Statsmannaskapets begrepp och praktik diskuteras av historiker och statsvetare från Sverige, Norge och Danmark utifrån historiska och nutida exempel. Fokus ligger på analys av framträdande personers agerande och frågor som: Vilka egenskaper har de som betraktas som statsmän? Under vilka omständigheter kan dessa egenskaper komma till sin rätt? Särskild uppmärksamhet ägnas den svensk-norska unionsupplösningen 1905: Var den fredliga processen resultat av statsmannalikt agerande? Exempel på andra möjliga statsmannaskap som diskuteras är Tjeckoslovakiens delning 1992–93, danska regionreformer under 2000-talets första år, polarforskaren som statsman och administratören som statsman.
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| 13. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, Professor, 1964-
(author)
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Political Decay and Political Arcadianism
- 2018
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In: De Ethica. - : Linkoping University Electronic Press. - 2001-8819. ; 5:1, s. 37-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An account of evil in classical political theory is the concept of evil government. The notion of political decay from good to evil government or to anarchy, the absence of government, among classical political theorists represents both a moral and a political problem. This essay argues that political decay remains a perennial problem because the political condition itself involves the seeds to its own destruction. Moreover, it is claimed that the nostalgic longing to a glorious past for nations or peoples risks turning into what is here labelled ‘political arcadianism’, fostering futile attempts to return to past conditions. The argument is that political arcadianism when focusing on the imagined past rather than the present is a possible cause of political decay.
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| 14. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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State Civil Disobedience and International Society
- 2017
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In: Review of International Studies. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. - 0260-2105 .- 1469-9044. ; 43:2, s. 330-344
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the concept of State Civil Disobedience (SCD) in the context of international society. It is argued that SCD is problematic for several reasons. First, that SCD is extremely difficult to practice in an association such as international society, relying, as it does, a great deal on the policies and powers of a few dominating actors; second, that the unequal status of states makes SCD mainly an instrument of the strong, hence undermining not only the idea of civil disobedience as the strategy of the weak but also questioning the role of SCD within an international society based on the formal equality of states. It is concluded that the practice of SCD in international society requires an invigoration of international society as a moral association. A more practical alternative, it is argued, is to conceive of a limited concept of SCD confined largely to non-violent means and preferably practiced in order to resist legal anomalies.
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| 15. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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Statsgränsen som faktum och norm
- 2001
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In: Tidskrift för politisk filosofi. - 1402-2710 .- 2002-3383. ; 2, s. 24-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, 1964-
(author)
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The Poverty of Exceptionalism in International Theory
- 2014
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In: Journal of International Political Theory. - 1755-0882 .- 1755-1722. ; 10:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article is about the politics of ‘the exception’ and the role of ‘exceptionalism’ in contemporary international theory. The concept of ‘the exception’ was coined by Carl Schmitt and has in recent years become an inspiration for international relations theorists and foreign policy analysts, especially when engaging with issues such as great power politics, humanitarian intervention and the war against terrorism. It is concluded that attempts to apply Schmitt’s concept of ‘the exception’ seldom are persuasive and sometimes even contradictory to Schmitt’s theory. When dealt with out of context, ‘the exception’ becomes just an expression about something else. It is shown that there are other ways of handling the kind of political problem observed by Schmitt than what he and his followers are offering.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hjorth, Ronnie, Professor, 1964-
(author)
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Varieties of International Pluralism
- 2023
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In: Journal of International Political Theory. - : SAGE Publications. - 1755-0882 .- 1755-1722. ; 19:2, s. 183-199
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper shows that while there seems to be more or less a general acceptance for plurality as a condition of world politics and at least a vague commitment to a pluralist ideal, the challenge remains to formulate a fruitful account of international pluralism. While dominating approaches to international theory present international pluralism as essentially a by-product and instrumental, this paper suggest an alternative way to conceive of international pluralism when defending the ancient concept variety as a better guide to approach both the understanding of plurality as the human condition and the notion of international pluralism. The paper concludes that it is preferable to accept a variety of pluralist conceptions rather than go on searching for a theoretical conception standing above the controversy; accepting pluralism in a sense involves rejecting just one version of pluralism.
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