| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Bergström, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric evaluation of a scale to assess satisfaction with life among people with intellectual disabilities living in community residences
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - : Wiley. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 57:3, s. 250-256
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In the context of a health intervention among people with intellectual disabilities (ID), there was a need to assess satisfaction with some aspects of life, in order to monitor both potential positive and negative effects of the intervention. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an easily administered scale for assessing satisfaction with home environment and leisure time among people with mild or moderate ID, living in community residences. Methods A number of questions were constructed to measure satisfaction with home environment and leisure time. The questions were answered by 132 adults with mild or moderate ID, living in community residences in Sweden. The dimensionality of the scale was evaluated by factor analysis, and the reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Results The analysis supported a four-factor solution with 12 items. The four factors were: (I) Satisfaction with housing environment; (II) Satisfaction with life; (III) Satisfaction with meals; and (IV) Satisfaction with recreational activity. The four factors explained almost 70% of the variance in the data set. Cronbach alpha coefficients for all scales were above 0.70, indicating that the reliabilities of the scales were satisfactory. Correlations between the four sub-scales ranged from 0.06 to 0.52, indicating low to moderate inter-correlations between the four sub-scales. Conclusion The scale has fairly good psychometric properties and is easy to administer. The scale, which can be further improved, can be an important resource in health intervention studies.
|
|
| 3. |
- Björn, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Organisera för utveckling och lärande. Om skolprojekt i nätverksform
- 2002
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Många skolor arbetar idag med förbättringsarbete. Det kan omfatta både elvernas lärmiljö och personalens arbetsvillkor. För att åstadkomma ett bestående och gott utvecklingsklimat kan de också behöva arbeta med frågan hur själva förbättringsarbetet kan göras bättre. Olika utvecklingsstrategierhar nämligen visat på problem: Projekt som styrs uppifrån får sällan genomslag i verksamheten eftersom de inte engagerar personal och elever.Projekt som initieras underifrån skapar ofta ett starkt engagemang som kan vara svårt att upprätthålla då arbetet ofta saknar aktivt stöd ovanifrån, vilket försvårar långsiktighet oich spridning av utvecklingsarbetet.I boken studeras och diskuteras samarbete mellan skolor i nätverksform som en alternativ utvecklingsstrategi. Vilka fördelar och nackdelar finns med nätverk som form för skolors förbättringsarbete? Vad bör man tänka på när man organiserar ett samarbete med andra skolor för att förbättra sin egen? Hur kan man skapa en bred delaktighet i skolans utvecklingsarbete? Och hurkan man organisera skolans utvecklingsarbete så att det samtidigt medför ett utvecklingsinriktat lärande hos skolpersonalen? Boken belyser dessa och liknande frågor utifrån en analys av arbetet i två större nätverksprojekt, Albatrossprojektet och "Skolor lär skolor". Den teoretiska modell sompresenteras är tänkt att fungerea som stöd för skolors egen reflektion över sitt sätt att organisera för utveckling och lärande.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Elvén, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
A clinical reasoning model focused on clients' behaviour change with reference to physiotherapists : Its multiphase development and validation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 31:4, s. 231-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: A biopsychosocial approach and behaviour change strategies have long been proposed to serve as a basis for addressing current multifaceted health problems. This emphasis has implications for clinical reasoning of health professionals. This study's aim was to develop and validate a conceptual model to guide physiotherapists' clinical reasoning focused on clients' behaviour change. Methods: Phase 1 consisted of the exploration of existing research and the research team's experiences and knowledge. Phases 2a and 2b consisted of validation and refinement of the model based on input from physiotherapy students in two focus groups (n=5 per group) and from experts in behavioural medicine (n=9). Results: Phase 1 generated theoretical and evidence bases for the first version of a model. Phases 2a and 2b established the validity and value of the model. The final model described clinical reasoning focused on clients' behaviour change as a cognitive, reflective, collaborative and iterative process with multiple interrelated levels that included input from the client and physiotherapist, a functional behavioural analysis of the activity-related target behaviour and the selection of strategies for behaviour change. Conclusions: This unique model, theory- and evidence-informed, has been developed to help physiotherapists to apply clinical reasoning systematically in the process of behaviour change with their clients.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Elvén, Maria, 1973-
(författare)
-
Clinical reasoning focused on clients’ behaviour change in physiotherapy : Development and evaluation of the Reasoning 4 Change instrument
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With the recognition of the impact of lifestyle behaviours on health and the evidence of incorporating behavioural considerations in physiotherapy, there is a need to advance the clinical reasoning of physiotherapists. Clinical reasoning encompasses the thinking and decision-making processes guiding client management and is a core competency of physiotherapists. Enabling clinical reasoning advancements requires investigations in practice and education, which in turn require robust assessments. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate an instrument to study physiotherapy students’ clinical reasoning focused on clients’ activity-related behaviour and behaviour change.In study I, a conceptual model was developed based on exploration of existing research, theory and views of physiotherapists and students. The data resulted in the clinical reasoning model focused on clients’ behaviour change with reference to physiotherapists (CRBC-PT). Studies II and III included instrument development and evaluation in four phases. Phase 1 included determination of the instrument structure and item generation based on the CRBC-PT model, evidence in clinical reasoning assessment and existing measures. Phase 2 included cognitive interviews with students to assess item understanding and resulted in revisions of item problems and approval of feasibility. Phase 3 included a Delphi study with physiotherapists with expertise in behavioural medicine to evaluate item relevance. The findings demonstrated a high level of consensus regarding content relevance. The final version of the Reasoning 4 Change (R4C) instrument included four domains, namely, Physiotherapist, Input from client, Functional behavioural analysis, and Strategies for behaviour change. In phase 4, the reliability and validity of the instrument were evaluated. Physiotherapists with expertise in behavioural medicine and students responded to the web-based R4C instrument and the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. The analyses showed excellent inter-rater reliability, satisfactory construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In study IV, final-semester students (n=151) from all physiotherapy programmes in Sweden completed the R4C instrument. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted with three dependent variables, namely, input from client, functional behavioural analysis, and strategies for behaviour change. All included independent variables explained 37% of the variance in input from client. Cognitive and metacognitive skills explained 22%, attitudes 15% and curriculum with behavioural medicine competencies 3%. Only the variable curriculum with behavioural medicine competencies explained the variance in functional behavioural analysis (4%) and strategies for behaviour change (5%).In conclusion, the in-depth description of clinical reasoning focused on clients’ behaviour change may contribute to expanded understanding of the complexity and multidimensionality in reasoning processes that incorporate factors related to human behaviours, analyses of what factors motivate or hinder behaviours, and interventions to support behaviour change. Such knowledge is valuable for the teaching of and learning clinical reasoning. The R4C instrument helps fill the need for well-tested instruments and can support investigations and evaluations in physiotherapy education and research. To develop students’ clinical reasoning competence, cognitive and metacognitive skills, positive attitudes and the incorporation of behavioural medicine competencies into physiotherapy curricula should be targeted. Further attention to complex reasoning, including analysis and intervention, is warranted.
|
|
| 8. |
- Elvén, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Criterion scores, construct validity and reliability of a web-based instrument to assess physiotherapists' clinical reasoning focused on behaviour change: 'Reasoning 4 Change'
- 2018
-
Ingår i: AIMS PUBLIC HEALTH. - : AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES-AIMS. - 2327-8994. ; 5:3, s. 235-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: 'Reasoning 4 Change' (R4C) is a newly developed instrument, including four domains (D1-D4), to assess clinical practitioners' and students' clinical reasoning with a focus on clients' behaviour change in a physiotherapy context. To establish its use in education and research, its psychometric properties needed to be evaluated. The aim of the study was to generate criterion scores and evaluate the reliability and construct validity of a web-based version of the R4C instrument. Methods: Fourteen physiotherapy experts and 39 final-year physiotherapy students completed the R4C instrument and the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT). Twelve experts and 17 students completed the R4C instrument on a second occasion. The R4C instrument was evaluated with regard to: internal consistency (five subscales of D1); test-retest reliability (D1-D4); inter-rater reliability (D2-D4); and construct validity in terms of convergent validity (D1.4, D2, D4). Criterion scores were generated based on the experts' responses to identify the scores of qualified practitioners' clinical reasoning abilities. Results: For the expert and student samples, the analyses demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (alpha range: 0.67-0.91), satisfactory test-retest reliability (ICC range: 0.46-0.94) except for D3 for the experts and D4 for the students. The inter-rater reliability demonstrated excellent agreement within the expert group (ICC range: 0.94-1.0). The correlations between the R4C instrument and PABS-PT (r range: 0.06-0.76) supported acceptable construct validity. Conclusions: The web-based R4C instrument shows satisfactory psychometric properties and could be useful in education and research. The use of the instrument may contribute to a deeper understanding of physiotherapists' and students' clinical reasoning, valuable for curriculum development and improvements of competencies in clinical reasoning related to clients' behavioural change.
|
|
| 9. |
- Elvén, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Development and initial evaluation of an instrument to assess physiotherapists' clinical reasoning focused on clients' behavior change
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 34:5, s. 367-383
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: A systematically developed and evaluated instrument is needed to support investigations of physiotherapists' clinical reasoning integrated with the process of clients' behavior change. This study's aim was to develop an instrument to assess physiotherapy students' and physiotherapists' clinical reasoning focused on clients' activity-related behavior and behavior change, and initiate its evaluation, including feasibility and content validity. Methods: The study was conducted in three phases: 1) determination of instrument structure and item generation, based on a model, guidelines for assessing clinical reasoning, and existing measures; 2) cognitive interviews with five physiotherapy students to evaluate item understanding and feasibility; and 3) a Delphi process with 18 experts to evaluate content relevance. Results: Phase 1 resulted in an instrument with four domains: Physiotherapist; Input from client; Functional behavioral analysis; and Strategies for behavior change. The instrument consists of case scenarios followed by items in which key features are identified, prioritized, or interpreted. Phase 2 resulted in revisions of problems and approval of feasibility. Phase 3 demonstrated high level of consensus regarding the instrument's content relevance. Conclusions: This feasible and content-validated instrument shows potential for use in investigations of physiotherapy students' and physiotherapists' clinical reasoning, however continued development and testing are needed.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Elvén, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of clinical reasoning focused on clients’ behavior change among physical therapy students
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Raisonnement Clinique 2018. - 9782897990176
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although physical therapy students need to be well prepared to integrate strategies to effect health-related behavior change into their clinical reasoning, educators lack knowledge regarding which factors contribute to such competence. This study’s aim was to investigate the degree to which knowledge, cognitive, psychological and contextual factors as well as curriculum orientation influences students’ clinical reasoning focused on behavior change.151 physical therapy students in the final semester completed the web-based Reasoning 4 Change instrument (1). 61 students attended a physical therapy education program with a behavioral medicine approach. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the degree to which curriculum orientation, self-rated knowledge, cognition, metacognition, attitudes, self-efficacy and contextual factors influence three outcomes of the clinical reasoning process, i.e., Input from Client, Functional Behavioral Analysis (FBA) and Strategies for Behavior Change (SBC).37% of the total variance in Input from Client was explained by all variables (p<.001), except contextual factors. Cognitive and metacognitive factors and attitudes were most important. Attending a physical therapy program with a behavioral medicine curriculum orientation was the only variable in the model that explained FBA (adjusted R2=.04;p<.05) and SBC (adjusted R2=.04;p<.01).
|
|
| 14. |
- Elvén, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of Clinical Reasoning Using the Reasoning 4 Change Instrument With Physical Therapist Students
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 99:8, s. 964-976
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although physical therapist students must be well prepared to integrate biopsychosocial and behavioral perspectives into their clinical reasoning, there is a lack of knowledge regarding factors that influence such competence. This study explored the associations among the independent variables-knowledge, cognition, metacognition, psychological factors, contextual factors, and curriculum orientation vis-a-vis behavioral medicine competencies-and the dependent variables-outcomes of input from client (IC), functional behavioral analysis (FBA), and strategies for behavior change (SBC) as levels in physical therapist students' clinical reasoning processes. This study used an exploratory cross-sectional design. The Reasoning 4 Change instrument was completed by 151 final-semester physical therapist students. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses for IC, FBA, and SBC were conducted. In the first step, curriculum orientation was inserted into the model; in the second step, self-rated knowledge, cognition, and metacognition; and in the third step, psychological factors. All independent variables except contextual factors explained 37% of the variance in the outcome of IC. Curriculum orientation explained 3%, cognitive and metacognitive factors an additional 22%, and attitudes another 15%. Variance in the outcomes of FBA and SBC were explained by curriculum orientation only (FBA change in R-2=0.04; SBC change in R-2=0.05). Higher scores of the dependent variables were associated with a curriculum having behavioral medicine competencies. The limitations of this study are that it was cross-sectional. Cognitive and metacognitive capabilities and skills and positive attitudes are important predictors of physical therapist students' clinical reasoning focused on behavior change at the IC level. Curricula with behavioral medicine competencies are associated with positive outcomes at all clinical reasoning levels.
|
|
| 15. |
- Eriksson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in hope and health-related quality of life in couples following acute myocardial infarction : A quantitative longitudinal study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:2, s. 295-302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a life-changing event that affects both the patient and the family and can have an influence on hope as well as HRQoL during the recovery period. Aims: To compare self-rated scores of hope and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 1, 7, 13 and 25months, after an AMI with regard to (i) differences across time, and (ii) differences between patients and their partners. Design: Explorative and longitudinal study. Methods: In this nonrandomized study, Short Form 36 Health Questionnaire (SF-36) and Herth Hope Index-Swedish (HHI-S) questionnaires were completed by thirteen post-AMI patients and their partners. Data were collected on four occasions. Results: In general, hope as well as HRQoL scores increased over time. A 2 (groups)×4 (times) anova for mixed design showed significant changes in mental as well as in physical health over time but no significant effect of group on mental or physical health. Calculation of the minimum detectable change (MDC-index) for HHI-S and SF-36 revealed that scores between data collection points were not stable. Conclusion: Our results show that although hope and HRQoL scores increased, only a few of the changes were statistically significant. Neither HHI-S nor SF-36 seems to measure stable states. Changes in hope and HRQoL levels may be due to participants striving to adapt to the current situation. Relevance to clinical practice: These results can be used in the training of nursing staff to enhance their understanding of the significance of a family-centred approach after an AMI. © 2012 Nordic College of Caring Science.
|
|
| 16. |
- Eriksson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Health outcomes among Swedish children : the role of social capital in the family, school and neighbourhood
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 101:5, s. 513-517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the extent to which Swedish childrens perceptions of social capital in the family, school and neighbourhood predicted health complaints and well-being. Methods: The study used data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. The sample consisted of 3926 children aged 11-15 years. Correlations and hierarchical multiple linear regression were performed. Results: Higher degrees of family, school and neighbourhood social capital corresponded to lower levels of health complaints and higher levels of well-being. Social capital in these three spheres had a cumulative effect on children's health and well-being. Conclusions: Social capital in the family, school and neighbourhood matters for children's health and well-being and the contributions from each context seem to be additive. Besides the family context, investments for improving child health should primarily be in the school, focusing on social relations and on creating safe and cohesive school environments. Neighbourhood social capital is also of importance and so must be taken into consideration when planning child health promotion interventions.
|
|
| 17. |
- Eriksson, Ulrika, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceptions of community trust and safety - consequences for children's well-being in rural and urban contexts
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:10, s. 1373-1378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore the associations between subjective well-being and perceptions of community trust and safety amongst children in rural and urban areas. Methods: The study used self-reported data from the 2001/2002 Swedish cross-national WHO study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children. The sample consisted of 3852 children aged 11-15 years, living in different residential areas. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results: The results indicated that a greater proportion of children in urban areas perceived low community trust and safety, compared with children in rural areas. Further, the multivariate analysis revealed that perceived community trust and safety significantly impacts upon children's subjective well-being in both rural and urban contexts. Conclusion: Children's perceptions of trust and safety have different magnitudes in urban and rural areas. The associations of perceptions of community trust and safety for children's subjective well-being are relevant in both urban and rural areas. As perceptions of low trust and safety in the community seem to be related to low subjective well-being, efforts to encourage community trust and safety should be included amongst the key priorities in community health promotion.
|
|
| 18. |
- Hansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of changes in life circumstances on subjective well-being in an adult population over a 3-year period
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 122:12, s. 1392-1398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:Mental health problems are a major issue worldwide, and there is a need to further explore factors that may increase or decrease people's subjective well-being (SWB). The main aim of the present study was to extend knowledge concerning changes in cohabitation, social support or financial situation and their influence on SWB, after controlling for personality (i.e. neuroticism), in a 3-year follow-up of an adult population-based sample. The change in overall well-being was also studied during the 3- year interval.STUDY DESIGN:Longitudinal design.METHODS:A random sample of Swedish citizens, aged 20-64 years, residing in Stockholm County received a questionnaire by post, comprising items pertaining to demographics, personality, social support and SWB. All the respondents received a second questionnaire 3 years later. In total, 8324 subjects were included in the present study.RESULTS:The overall well-being of the study sample was relatively stable. Separate analyses of the three life circumstances indicated that, after controlling for personality, positive and negative changes in each sphere of life still affected SWB.CONCLUSIONS:Despite personality and the stability of SWB, these results indicate that changes in financial situation, social support and cohabitation influence SWB. It is important for society and the healthcare services to be aware that a negative change in any of these life circumstances may lead to decreased well-being for a period of at least 3 years.
|
|
| 19. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
A longitudinal study of the relationship between empowerment and burnout among registered and assistant nurses.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 30:4, s. 343-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between empowerment and burnout was investigated using a two-wave and two-variable panel model. A questionnaire was completed on two occasions, one year apart, by 1,356 nurses. The paths in the model were estimated using regression analyses and the following results were obtained: (a) empowerment is a stable state; (b) higher levels of empowerment are related to lower levels of burnout, when empowerment and burnout are studied at the same point in time; (c) higher prior levels of empowerment can be associated with higher later levels of burnout, when empowerment and burnout are studied at different points in time; (d) for assistant nurses, but not for registered nurses, prior higher levels of burnout resulted in lower later levels of empowerment, indicating a reciprocal relation between the two concepts. The results imply that what is a protective factor from a cross-sectional perspective may be a risk factor from a longitudinal perspective.
|
|
| 20. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
A psychometric assessment of a Swedish translation of Shafer´s personality scale
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47:6, s. 523-530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychometric properties of a Swedish translation of Shafer’s (1999a) Big Five Marker (BFM) scale were assessed. The assessment was based on self-ratings on the BFM scale obtained from 694 subjects (82% women and 18% men) residing in Sweden. The following main results were obtained: (a) The factor structure was clear and simple. (b) The factor reliabilities were satisfactory. (c) The heterotrait-heteromethod coefficients indicated construct validity for the scale. (d) The BFM scale showed similar psychometric properties for the older, employed, Swedish sample of the present study to those obtained for the younger, psychology undergraduate, USA sample in Shafer’s study (1999a). The conclusion is that the BFM scale has satisfactory and stable psychometric properties and that due to its brevity and documented psychometric evaluation will facilitate research within the Big-Five factor domain, not least in Sweden.
|
|
| 21. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
-
A psychometric assessment of a Swedish translation of Spreitzer´s empowerment scale
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 46:6, s. 521-528
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychometric properties of a Swedish translation of Spreitzer's (1995a) empowerment scale were assessed. Three parallel assessments were made of data from 1,107 female registered nurses, 758 female assistant nurses, and 107 male registered and assistant nurses. The analyses indicated that the psychometric properties of the scale can be considered satisfactory. Suggestions are made regarding future research in the fields of psychometrics and work- and health-psychology.
|
|
| 22. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
An empirical exploration of the effect of personality on general and job-related mental ill-health
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 34:9, s. 1051-1069
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study it was empirically explored how work-situation dimensions, personality dimensions, and personality-by-situation interactions are related to burnout and general mental ill health. Questionnaire data from 694 subjects were analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses. The results suggest that: (a) personality should not be disregarded in theoretical discussions and empirical studies of burnout and general mental ill health; (b) personality can, to some extent, condition how the work environment dimensions affect an individual with regard to various aspects of burnout and general mental ill health; (c) attention should be given to the fact that some measures of burnout and mental ill health are more dependent on situational factors while other measures are more dependent on personality factors.
|
|
| 23. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek, 1962-
(författare)
-
Assumptions about human nature : Comparison of implicit and explicit personality theories
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 87:2, s. 611-622
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hjelle and Ziegler (1981) believe that people's positions on nine fundamental dimensions of human nature affect their personality theories, and that differences between people on these dimensions contribute to differences between their personality theories. The present study was conducted in order to obtain information about the ordinary person's position on these dimensions and to compare the ordinary person's position with 10 personality theorists' positions. 84 subjects rated their positions on each of nine Ii-step bipolar dimensions. The following results were obtained: (1) According to the ordinary person, the human being is free, changeable, influenced by the subjective world of experience, a product of the environment, and best understood from a holistic perspective; (2) The position of the ordinary person is most similar to Allport's position, and least similar to Skinner's position. The results are discussed in light of the relation between implicit (lay) and explicit (scientific) theories of personality.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
Negative Life Events and Mental Ill-Health Among Women : A Prospective Study of the Main, Moderating and Mediating Effect of Sense of Coherence
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Happiness Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-4978 .- 1573-7780. ; 14:6, s. 1739-1750
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antonovsky's original observations of mental health among women who had survived Nazi concentration camps became the start for the formulation of sense of coherence (SOC) and suggested that the experience of negative life events can be a risk-factor for, whilst SOC can be a protection-factor against, mental ill-health. In the present study, 1,012 women responded to a questionnaire at two points in time that measured mental ill-health, SOC and the experience of negative life events. The results showed that women who had recently experienced negative life events had higher levels of mental ill-health compared to women who had not recently experienced any negative life events. SOC was also found to have a main effect on mental ill-health but neither moderated nor mediated the relation between negative life events and mental ill-health. Suggestions for future research and practical implications are given. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
On stability of the structure of implicit personality theory over situations.
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - 0036-5564. ; 36:4, s. 386-398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, the following (hitherto unaddressed) question was posed: "Is the structure of implicit personality theory stable over situations?". In order to answer this question, correlation coefficients were computed between different aspects of two trait-structures obtained under different situational conditions. The results seem to indicate that the structure of IPT is stable over situations. The results are discussed in the light of some methodological considerations.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological empowerment at the workplace as a predictor of ill health
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 39:7, s. 1237-1248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both theoretical arguments and empirical findings imply a negative relationship between psychological empowerment and ill health. The aim of the present study was to expand the empirical knowledge concerning the relationship between psychological empowerment at the workplace and three aspects of ill health. A total of 2011 registered and assistant nurses completed a questionnaire consisting of scales measuring psychological empowerment at the workplace, general mental health, burnout, and sick leave. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed using the three aspects of ill health as the criterion variables, age, gender, and profession as the control variables and the four empowerment-dimensions as the predictor variables. The four empowerment-dimensions explained 2–18% of the variation among the nurses with regard to the three types of ill-health measures. The meaning dimension and the competence dimension were most negatively related to ill health. Greater psychological empowerment at work corresponds generally to less ill health. Psychological empowerment at work may be one of the many possible factors that provide protection against ill health.
|
|
| 32. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric evaluation of the subjective well-being measure GP-CORE in a group of older adults in Sweden.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The world's growing population of older adults is one population that needs to be focused more regarding subjective well-being. It is therefore important to evaluate self-report instruments that measures general well-being for this specific group - older adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of the GP-CORE (general population - Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation) in a group of older adults (> 65 years).METHODS: In this study, a psychometric evaluation of the GP-CORE is presented for 247 Swedish older adults (> 65 years), 184 women and 63 men who applied for home care assistance for the first time.RESULTS: The psychometric evaluation showed high acceptability; provided norm values in terms of means, standard deviations and quartiles; showed satisfactory reliability in terms of both internal consistency and stability; showed satisfactory validity in terms of convergent and discriminant validity; provided a very preliminary cut-off value and quite low sensibility and sensitivity and showed results which indicated that this scale is sensitive to changes. One gender difference was identified in that women without a cohabitant had a higher well-being than men without a cohabitant (as measured by GP-CORE).CONCLUSIONS: The GP-CORE showed satisfactory psychometric properties to be used to measure and monitor subjective well-being in older adults (> 65 years) in the general population of community dwelling. Future studies should establish a cut-off value in relation to another well-being measure relevant for mental health in older adults.
|
|
| 33. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish translation of the revised Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire in adults
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 122:1, s. 61-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The CFQ-R is one of the most established disease-specific, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of CFQ-R in adults. Method: A total of 173 CF patients answered the CFQ-R. The CFQ-R was evaluated with regard to: (1) distributional properties; (2) reliability; and (3) construct validity. Results: The majority of scales were negatively skewed with ceiling effects. Eight of the 12 scales had satisfactory homogeneity; 10 of the 12 scales had satisfactory test-retest reliability. On many of the CFQ-R scales expected differences were observed when patients were divided regarding disease severity, nutritional status, age, and gender. Conclusion: Some weaknesses were detected, but overall the instrument has satisfactory psychometric properties.
|
|
| 34. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
Sense of Coherence : Notes on Some Challenges for Future Research
- 2019
-
Ingår i: SAGE Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2158-2440. ; 9:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antonovsky introduced the salutogenic model whose aim is to explain the origins of health and to describe how health can be promoted. Sense of coherence (SOC) is the core concept in the model and is defined as the degree of meaningfulness, comprehensibility, and manageability that people feel in their life. The aim of this article is to bring attention to some topics on SOC that need to be explored in future research. First, SOC and how it is measured are briefly described. Thereafter, there is a brief discussion of the following seven topics: (a) the dimensionality of the SOC scale, (b) SOC as the causal variable, (c) SOC as the outcome variable, (d) general SOC versus domain-specific SOC, (e) the concept of boundary in the measurement of SOC, (f) SOC as a continuous versus a dichotomized or trichotomized variable, and (g) the importance of relating SOC to salutogenic outcome measures. In conclusion, the salutogenic model, with its core concept of SOC, is an excellent guide for research on health and well-being, but there are still some parts of this model that deserve further theoretical and empirical attention.
|
|
| 35. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
Test of Antonovsky's postulate : High sense of coherence helps people avoid negative life events
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 116:2, s. 363-376
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study tested Antonovsky's postulate that a high sense of coherence (SOC) helps people avoid negative life events. It was assumed that negative life events that were uncontrollable would not show this effect, while those events that potentially could be controlled would show a significant relationship with SOC. 1,012 female nurses (M age = 46.9 yr.; SD = 8.9) participated in this longitudinal study and were divided into groups with low, moderate, and high SOC. Sixteen negative life events were categorized into uncontrollable and controllable events, with the controllable events divided into three sub-categories. Five one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) for independent measures followed up with post hoc tests were performed, with the number of experienced events in a given cat-egory by each participant (at Time 2) as the dependent variable and the three SOC groups (formed at Time 1) as the independent variable. The results indicated that the high SOC group reported fewer controllable negative life events, while there was no significant relationship between the SOC level and uncontrollable negative life events. The findings support the postulate in Antonovsky's model, with the distinction between controllable and uncontrollable negative life events.
|
|
| 36. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
The contribution of the big five personality factors to sense of coherence
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 53:5, s. 591-596
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How much of the variation among individuals with regard to sense of coherence (SOC) can be explained by some of the important and central factors in people's lives, above what can be explained by the big five personality factors? Six hundred and ninety-eight randomly selected persons (419 women and 279 men, aged 30-65 years) responded to a questionnaire that measured SOC, the big five personality factors, demographic, socio-economic, private-life, and work-life variables. The five personality factors explained 38% (for women) and 40% (for men) of the variation in SOC and the demographic, socio-economic, private-life, and work-life variables explained an additional 17% (for women) and 12% (for men) of the variation in SOC. Thus, the five personality factors explain a substantial part of the variation in SOC but SOC captures additional aspects that cannot be captured by the five fundamental personality factors.
|
|
| 37. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
The psychosocial work environment and burnout among Swedish registered and assistant nurses: The main, mediating, and moderating role of empowerment
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nursing and Health Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1441-0745 .- 1442-2018. ; 9:3, s. 205-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to explore: the main effect of empowerment on burnout; empowerment as a mediator between the work environment and burnout; and empowerment as a moderator of the association between the work environment and burnout. In order to explore these effects, multiple regression analyses were performed on questionnaire data from 838 registered nurses and 518 assistant nurses in Sweden. The analyses showed that: empowerment has a negative association to burnout; empowerment has a mediating effect between the work environment (especially for control and social support) and burnout; and the moderating effect of empowerment on the association between the work environment and burnout was weak. The results suggest that: empowerment explains variation with regard to burnout over and above what can be explained by established work situation dimensions; the improvement of the work environment is associated with a higher sense of empowerment which, in turn, is related to lower degrees of burnout; and individual and group differences should be considered in workplace health promotion.
|
|
| 38. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
-
The relation between sense of coherence and daily hassles among university students
- 2018
-
Ingår i: HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2164-2850. ; 6:1, s. 329-339
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on Antonovsky's salutogenic model, it was hypothesized that persons with a high sense of coherence (SOC), compared to persons with a low SOC, (1) experience fewer hassles and (2) experience hassles as less stressful. In addition to each of the two main hypotheses, gender differences and interaction between SOC and gender were also explored. Two hundred and fifty-eight female students (M-age = 23.77 years) and 136 male students (M-age = 24.02 years) participated in a survey where they responded to a questionnaire that was designed to measure some demographic variables, SOC and daily hassles. The data were analysed by two 3 (SOC-groups) x 2 (Gender) ANOVAs for independent measures, with frequency and intensity as dependent variables, followed up with Tukey's HSD post-hoc tests. The results confirmed both main hypotheses. In addition, the results showed no interaction between SOC and gender, no differences between female and male students with regard to the number of experienced hassles but that female students experienced the hassles more intensively. These findings further corroborated the two fundamental parts of Antonovsky's salutogenic model concerned with avoidance and appraisal of stressors.
|
|
| 39. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
Theoretical Issues in the Further Development of the Sense of Coherence Construct
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Handbook of Salutogenesis. - Cham : Springer Cham. - 9783030795146 ; , s. 569-579
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, the author discusses theoretical issues, including the dimensionality of the sense of coherence (SOC) scale, questioning whether the three components of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness can be measured separately or not; a plea for longitudinal data to study SOC as the causal variable; whether SOC can be strengthened and thus function as an outcome variable or not; the concept of domain-specific SOC; the concept of a boundary in the measurement of SOC; the dichotomization and trichotomization of SOC to investigate more thoroughly if a weak SOC or a strong SOC is crucial for health and well-being; the importance of relating SOC to salutogenic outcome measures such as perceived wellness or a healthy lifestyle; and additional issues such as the collective SOC, measuring other central constructs in the salutogenic model and the importance of literature reviews and meta-studies. Excellent recommendations are given for ways forward.
|
|
| 40. |
- Håkansson Eklund, Jakob, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Empathy levels among nursing students : A comparative cross-sectional study.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nursing open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 6:3, s. 983-989
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Empathy is a crucial component of the nurse-patient relationship, but knowledge is lacking as to when empathy develops during nursing education. The aim of the present study was to compare empathy levels at different stages of undergraduate nursing education and different master's nursing programmes.Design: The design was a comparative cross-sectional study.Methods: A total of 329 participants in Sweden, comprised of nursing students in their second and sixth semesters in an undergraduate nursing programme as well as master's nursing students, rated their own empathy using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy.Results: Students in their sixth semester in an undergraduate nursing programme expressed more empathy than did students in their second semester and master's nursing students. Among the five master's programmes, public-health nursing students expressed the most empathy and intensive-care nursing students the least.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Junehag, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Being a peer mentor for a person recovering from an acute myocardial infarction
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. - : Sciedu Press. - 1925-4040 .- 1925-4059. ; 6:5, s. 41-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Challenge after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is to manage the disease and to prevent a second AMI. Other people with the same illness have a unique understanding of the situation; therefore, they can provide valuable support. Being a peer mentor and contributing one’s own experiences of the same illness can even lead to increased self-confidence. The aim was to describe personal perceptions of being a peer mentor for a person recovering from an AMI. Patients in three sparsely populated counties, who had experienced their first AMI the previous year, were offered contact with peer mentors. The peer mentors had experienced an AMI between one and ten years ago. Sixteen of them were interviewed after one year as mentor. The interview texts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Two themes summarized the interview results, “being in charge” and “being comfortable”, which incorporated six subthemes. The peer mentors also answered a questionnaire, and according to the purpose of the study, certain parts of the questionnaires were analysed using a paired-sample t-test. The dimensions measured in the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) showed significant increased mean values, including Illness Coherence (p ≤ .001) and Emotional representation (p ≤ .05). Highlights of the results included that being a peer mentor led to feelings of pride and that peer mentors should be preceded by a careful matching between patients and mentors.
|
|
| 43. |
- Manasatchakun, Pornpun, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors associated with healthy ageing among older persons in Northeastern Thailand
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - New York : Springer. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 31:4, s. 369-384
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe factors associated with perceived health and healthy aging among older people in northeastern Thailand. Thailand's aging population is growing and facing an increasing old-age dependency ratio. Northeastern Thailand, known as Isan, is a region in which the number of older residents is projected to grow rapidly. Older people in this region are likely to confront great threats to their health and well-being. These issues require appropriate attention and actions to promote healthy aging. However, healthy aging in this region has not been studied. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 453 older people, aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Healthy Aging Instrument (HAI) and provided relevant demographic characteristics. Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple regression models were used to analyze the data. Through comparative analyses, significant differences in HAI scores were observed for the following factors: marital status, residential area, disability, income level, and perceived meaningfulness in life. In the multiple regression models, residential area, disability, and marital status explained 24.30 % of the variance in HAI scores. Health promotion strategies and future targeted intervention programs should consider the importance of these factors.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Sundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
A scale for measuring specific job demands within the health care sector: Development and psychometric assessment
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 45:6, s. 914-923
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Earlier research has indicated that the psychological demand dimension in one of the most commonly used occupational stress models, the job-demand-control-support model, can be too generic and does not capture the multidimensionality of different job demands within health care work. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a new job demand scale, which captures specific job demands within health care work. Further, to analyse whether a congruent component structure could be obtained in two different occupational groups, namely registered and assistant nurses. The final objective was to analyse the relationship between the new job demand scale and the dimensions in the job-demand-control-support model. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred and ninety five registered nurses and 527 assistant nurses from three hospitals and two primary health care centres in Stockholm, Sweden participated voluntarily in the study DATA AND METHOD: A questionnaire, which collected information on demographics, various job demands, job control and social support, was used in both occupational groups. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, principal component analyses and independent samples t-test were used in the study RESULTS: A congruent component structure was obtained in both occupational samples, consisting of four demand indices "pain and death", "patient and relative needs", "threats and violence" and "professional worries". The four-component solution explained 69.6% and 72.1% of the variance for registered nurses and assistant nurses, respectively. The new job demand indices also showed satisfactory internal consistencies, which ranged from .62 to .91 and had inter-item correlations, which varied from .33 to .84 in both occupational groups. The strongest relationship was shown with the psychological job demand dimension in the job-demand-control-support-model. CONCLUSION: The scale is short and could be used to obtain information concerning different job demands that are related to the interaction with, and care of patients and their relatives as an addition to the more generic psychological demand dimension that is specified in the job-demand-control-support model.
|
|
| 46. |
- Sundin, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Organisational factors, individual characteristics and social support : What determines the level of social support?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 27:1, s. 45-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large body of research has linked social support to health, but there are fewer studies that have focused on factors that influence the level of social support available and/or perceived by employees in different organisations. This cross-sectional study therefore investigated the relationship between on the one hand, organisational, individual and socio-demographic factors and on the other, the level of social support at the workplace, i.e., the degree of supervisor support and a supportive work atmosphere. Organisational variables (job demands, job control, job content), individual (self-esteem, mistrust) and socio-demographic variables (type of employer, occupational position, age, gender and educational level) were used as independent variables in the analyses. The sample consisted of 16,144 individuals at a variety of different organisations in Sweden, who had responded to a questionnaire covering different psychosocial and psychological stress factors (“the Stress Profile”). Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were performed separately for each of the two dependent variables, which yielded almost identical results, and indicated that organisational determinants, particularly perceived job control, had the largest impact on the degree of social support.
|
|
| 47. |
- Sundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between different work-related sources of social support and burnout among registered and assistant nurses in Sweden : A questionnaire survey
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 44:5, s. 758-769
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This cross-sectional study addresses the relationship between organisational and social factors and burnout in a group of registered and assistant nurses in Sweden. Objective: The main objective of the study was to analyse the relationship (and the specific relationship patterns) between three different work-related sources of social support and Maslach's three burnout dimensions, while taking the dimensions in the Karasek job-demand-control model, emotional demands, workload outside the work situation and demographic factors into account. Data and method: Data was collected using a questionnaire which was based on validated instruments, in accordance with the job-demand-control model and Maslach's Burnout Inventory. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and three hierarchical regression analyses were conducted using a sample of 1561 registered and assistant nurses in Sweden. Results: The results showed statistically significant correlations between the three support indicators and all three burnout dimensions. In the regression analyses, co-worker and patient support were statistically significantly related to all three burnout dimensions, whereas supervisor support was only statistically significantly related to emotional exhaustion. In accordance with prior findings, high levels of psychological demands were most strongly related to high emotional exhaustion. Further, high levels of emotional demands showed the strongest correlations with high personal accomplishment.
|
|
