| 1. |
- Berg, Jørn. E, et al.
(författare)
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Hvorfor grave ut "gammel moro"?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Kretsløpet - Tidsskrift for avfall og gjenvinning. ; dec:6, s. 25-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Bhatnagar, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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Hunting for valuables from landfills and assessing their market opportunities : A case study with Kudjape landfill in Estonia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 35:6, s. 627-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill mining is an alternative technology that merges the ideas of material recycling and sustainable waste management. This paper reports a case study to estimate the value of landfilled materials and their respective market opportunities, based on a full-scale landfill mining project in Estonia. During the project, a dump site (Kudjape, Estonia) was excavated with the main objectives of extracting soil-like final cover material with the function of methane degradation. In total, about 57,777 m(3) of waste was processed, particularly the uppermost 10-year layer of waste. Manual sorting was performed in four test pits to determine the detailed composition of wastes. 11,610 kg of waste was screened on site, resulting in fine (<40 mm) and coarse (>40 mm) fractions with the share of 54% and 46%, respectively. Some portion of the fine fraction was sieved further to obtain a very fine grained fraction of <10 mm and analyzed for its potential for metals recovery. The average chemical composition of the <10 mm soil-like fraction suggests that it offers opportunities for metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) extraction and recovery. The findings from this study highlight the importance of implementing best available site-specific technologies for on-site separation up to 10 mm grain size, and the importance of developing and implementing innovative extraction methods for materials recovery from soil-like fractions.
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| 3. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, et al.
(författare)
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Field-portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as rapid measurement tool for landfill mining operations : comparison of field data vs. laboratory analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0306-7319 .- 1029-0397. ; 95:7, s. 609-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill mining applied in reclamation at the territories of old dump sites and landfills is a known approach tended to global economic and environmental benefits as recovery of metals and energy is an important challenge. The aim of this study was to analyse the concentration of several metallic elements (Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, Zn) in the fine fraction of waste derived in the landfill and to compare the results of measurements obtained by field-portable equipment with the data gained by advanced analytical tools. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used for the quantitative detection of metallic elements at the laboratory; whereas field-portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FPXRF) was applied for rapid sample characterisation in the field (on-site). Wet digestion of samples (fine fraction of waste at landfill) was done prior analytical procedures at the laboratory conditions, but FPXRF analysis was performed using raw solid samples of waste fine fraction derived in the Kudjape Landfill in Estonia. Although the use of AAS and ICP-MS for the measurements of metals achieves more precise results, it was concluded that precision and accuracy of the measurements obtained by FPXRF is acceptable for fast approximate evaluation of quantities of metallic elements in fine fraction samples excavated from the waste at landfills. Precision and accuracy of the results provided by express method is acceptable for quick analysis or screening of the concentration of major and trace metallic elements in field projects; however, data correction can be applied by calculating moisture and organic matter content dependent on sample matrix as well as special attention must be paid on sample selection and homogenisation and number of analysed samples.
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| 4. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Metals and rare Earth’s elements in landfills : case studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: 3rd Int. Symposium on Enhanced Landfill Mining, Lisboa, 8-10/2/2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfills are considered as places where the life cycle of products ends and materialshave been “disposed forever”. The landfill mining (LFM) approach can deal with formerdumpsites and this material may become important for circular economy perspectiveswithin the concept “Beyond the zero waste”. Potential material recovery should includeperspectives of recycling of critical industrial metals where rare Earth elements (REEs)are playing more and more important role. Real-time applied LFM projects in the BalticRegion have shown the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidalmatter) of excavated waste as storage of considerably large amounts of valuable metalsand REEs. Analytical screening studies have extended a bit further the understanding offine fraction contents of excavated, separated and screened waste in a circular economyperspective. The Swedish Institute and Latvian Research Program “Res Prod” supportedthe research.
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| 5. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility of Metals and Valorization of Sorted Fine Fraction of Waste After Landfill Excavation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Waste and Biomass Valorization. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 1877-2641 .- 1877-265X. ; 7:3, s. 593-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reclamation of landfills and dumpsites requiresdetailed technical and economic evaluation of actual and potential pollution at the site, including detection of the main contaminants, their concentration, chemical stability and mobility in the environment. Contamination with metallic elements and metalloids is among the most important problems that limits recultivation of landfills and dumpsites and reuse of landfilled materials. This study was implemented at the Kudjape Municipal Landfill, located on Saaremaa Island in Estonia. The Kudjape Landfill is apartly closed landfill recultivated by covering it with a layer of a fine fraction of landfill material after the landfill mining operations. The fine fraction was derived at the site by sorting the landfill material (i.e., disposed waste) using mechanical screening, manual sorting and sieving. Obtained relatively homogeneous material, consisting of particles smaller than 10 mm, was defined as a fine fractionof waste. Samples from the fine fraction at different depth were collected and analyzed. Metal mobility was assessed after the sequential extraction. Results revealed that such elements as Zn, Mn, Mg are found in various fractions; Fe,Cd, Cr—mainly in residual fraction; Cu, Pb, Ni, Ba, Co and Rb mostly in fractions of residuals and reduced compounds,but they are presented in larger proportion of acid and water soluble fractions. Slight interconnection ofdetected parameters and sampling depth was revealed. Sequential extraction of elements in the fine fraction suggested the valorization of waste and confirmed that such landfill material can be successfully used as a landfill covering layer under the specific engineering circumstances.
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| 6. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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On the way to 'zero waste' management : Recovery potential of elements, including rare earth elements, from fine fraction of waste
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 186, s. 81-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing schemes of solid waste handling have been improved implementing advanced systems for recovery and reuse of various materials. Nowadays, the 'zero waste' concept is becoming more topical through the reduction of disposed waste. Recovery of metals, nutrients and other materials that can be returned to the material cycles still remain as a challenge for future. Landfill mining (LFM) is one of the approaches that can deal with former dumpsites, and derived materials may become important for circular economy within the concept 'beyond the zero waste'. Perspectives of material recovery can include recycling of critical industrial metals, including rare earth elements (REEs). The LFM projects performed in the Baltic Region along with a conventional source separation of iron-scrap, plastics etc. have shown that the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidal matter) of excavated waste have considerably large amounts of potentially valuable metals and distinct REEs. In this paper analytical screening studies are discussed extending the understanding of element content in fine fraction of waste derived from excavated, separated and screened waste in a perspective of circular economy. Technological feasibility was evaluated by using modified sequential extraction technique where easy extractable amount of metals can be estimated. Results revealed that considerable concentrations of Mn (418-823 mg/kg), Ni (41-84 mg/kg), Co (10.7-19.3 mg/kg) and Cd (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) were detected in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste sampled from Hogbytorp landfill, while Cr (49-518 mg/kg) and Pb (30-264 mg/kg) were found in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste from Torma landfill revealing wide heterogeneity of tested samples. Waste should become a utilizable resource closing the loop of anthropogenic material cycle as the hidden potential of valuable materials in dumps is considerable.
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| 7. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Paradigms on landfill mining : From dump site scavenging to ecosystem services revitalization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 123, s. 73-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the next century to come, one of the biggest challenges is to provide the mankind with relevant and sufficient resources. Recovery of secondary resources plays a significant role. Industrial processes developed to regain minerals for commodity production in a circular economy become ever more important in the European Union and worldwide. Landfill mining (LFM) constitutes an important technological toolset of processes that regain resources and redistribute them with an accompanying reduction of hazardous influence of environmental contamination and other threats for human health hidden in former dump sites and landfills. This review paper is devoted to LFM problems, historical development and driving paradigms of LFM from 'classical hunting for valuables' to 'perspective in ecosystem revitalization'. The main goal is to provide a description of historical experience and link it to more advanced concept of a circular economy. The challenge is to adapt the existing knowledge to make decisions in accordance with both, economic feasibility and ecosystems revitalization aspects. (
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| 8. |
- Hogland, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary analysis of elements in water supply sludge at Rönneholms Mosse fields, southern Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference (SGEM 2018). - Sofia : International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM. - 9781510873575 ; , s. 111-118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sydvatten AB operates the water plant Ringsjö Agency in Stehag, Southern Sweden, and the company has since the 1970s deposited waterworks sludge in the sludge landfill at Rönneholms Mosse (bog), Sjöholmen (WGS84 55°48'46.1"N 13°18'25.6"E). In order to handle the produced future waterworks sludge from Ringsjö there was carried out a trenching and stratigraphic study of Ringsjö Agency waterworks sludge. The aim of the project was to roughly determine the mass balance for Fe and Al for the basis of the results to determine potential extraction and recycling opportunities for the iron and/or aluminum hydroxides of water treatment sludge. In addition trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) were studied. Analysis of 10 cores were characterized by technogenic stratigraphy, texture and color, results of geochemical studies of processed sludge recovered possible recycling opportunities to implement circular economy principles in sludge management. The Interreg Baltic Sea Region within the scope of project “Interactive Water Management” (IWAMA) has supported this study.
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| 9. |
- Hogland, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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Remarks on four novel landfill mining case studies in Estonia and Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. - : Springer. - 1438-4957 .- 1611-8227. ; 20:2, s. 1355-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In common sense, a landfill is a place where the life cycle of products ends. Landfill mining (LFM) mostly deals with former dumpsites and derived material may have a significant importance for the circular economy. Deliverables of recently applied LFM projects in Sweden and Estonia have revealed the potential and problems for material recovery. There are 75-100 thousand old landfills and dumps in the Baltic Sea Region, and they pose environmental risks to soil, water and air by pollution released from leachate and greenhouse gas emissions. Excavation of landfills is potential solution for solving these problems, and at the same time, there are perspectives to recover valuable lands and materials, save expenses for final coverage of the landfills and aftercare control. The research project "Closing the Life Cycle of Landfills-Landfill Mining in the Baltic Sea Region for Future" included investigation at four case studies in Estonia and Sweden: Kudjape, Torma, Hogbytorp and Vika landfills. Added value of this research project is characterization of waste fine fraction material, determination of concentration for most critical and rare earth elements. The main results showed that both, coarse and fine, fractions of waste might have certain opportunities of recovery.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Jani, Yahya, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of excavated fine fraction and waste composition from a Swedish landfill
- 2016
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 34:12, s. 1292-1299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present research studies the characterisation and the physico-chemical properties of an excavated fine fraction (<10 mm) from a Swedish landfill, the Högbytorp. The results showed that the fine fraction represents 38% by mass of the total excavated wastes and it contains mainly soil-type materials and minerals. Higher concentrations of zinc, copper, barium and chromium were found with concentrations higher than the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for contaminated soil. The found moisture and organic contents of the fine fraction were 23.5% and 16.6%, respectively. The analysed calorific value (1.7 MJ kg-1), the potential of CH4 (4.74 m3 t-1 dry matter) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (5.6%) were low and offer low potential of energy. Sieving the fine fraction further showed that 80% was smaller than 2 mm. The fine represents a major fraction at any landfill (40%–70%), therefore, characterising the properties of this fraction is essential to find the potential of reusing/recycling or safely redisposing.
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| 17. |
- Jani, Yahya, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Composition of waste at an early EU-landfill of Torma in Estonia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE). - : International Digital Organization for Scientific Information. - 2079-2115 .- 2079-2123. ; 8:2, s. 113-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfills represent a continuous environmental threat due to the emission of different greenhouse gases, which are mainly responsible for the climate changes, and the contaminated leachate that affects the surface and ground water recipients. The circular economy approach appeared as a useful solution to reduce the depletion of the Earth’s natural resources and the environmental risk effects by considering all of the lost resources like wastes including the landfills as potential secondary resources. It is well known that characterizing the composition of landfill waste is an essential step in specifying the recycling methods. In the current research the waste composition at one of the first EU regulations-compliant sanitary landfills (the Torma landfill in Estonia) was studied. The results showed that the fine fraction (<20 mm) represented 53% of the total excavated waste materials while the waste to energy fraction (plastics, woods etc.) was the highest within the coarse fraction (>20 mm). The present work emphasized that mining landfills can be a good solution either for extracting primary raw materials like metals, as a source for recovering energy, or for acquiring landfill space.
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| 18. |
- Kaczala, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Fractionation of Pb and Cu in the fine fraction (< 10 mm) of waste excavated from a municipal landfill
- 2017
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 35:11, s. 1175-1182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fractionation of metals in the fine fraction (<10 mm) of excavated waste from an Estonian landfill was carried out to evaluate the metal (Pb and Cu) contents and their potential towards not only mobility but also possibilities of recovery/extraction. The fractionation followed the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction, and the exchangeable (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3) and residual fractions were determined. The results showed that Pb was highly associated with the reducible (F2) and oxidizable (F3) fractions, suggesting the potential mobility of this metal mainly when in contact with oxygen, despite the low association with the exchangeable fraction (F1). Cu has also shown the potential for mobility when in contact with oxygen, since high associations with the oxidizable fraction (F3) were observed. On the other hand, the mobility of metals in excavated waste can be seen as beneficial considering the circular economy and recovery of such valuables back into the economy. To conclude, not only the total concentration of metals but also a better understanding of fractionation and in which form metals are bound is very important to bring information on how to manage the fine fraction from excavated waste both in terms of environmental impacts and also recovery of such valuables in the economy.
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| 19. |
- Kängsepp, Pille, et al.
(författare)
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Column studies aiming at identification of suitable filter materials for pollutant removal from landfill leachate
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - 1478-9876 .- 1478-9868. ; 2:6, s. 506-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill leachate contains a complex mixture of inorganic and organic pollutants, which need to be removed before they pollute the environment. Different filter media (peat mixed with either carbon-containing ash, polyurethane waste, or wood pellets) were investigated with respect to their possibility to simultaneously and at low initial concentrations remove metals, polar and non-polar organic compounds. The mixture of peat and carbon-containing ash was found to be the best medium. Reduction in leachate of phenolic substances was 96%, of PBDEs was over 98%, of DOC 40% and of important metals as Cu, Pb and Sn 60%, 90% and 93%, respectively.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Orupold, Kaja, et al.
(författare)
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Ecotoxicity Assessment of Fine Fractions Obtained from Landfill Mining
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 2153-5493 .- 2153-5515. ; 26:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the ecotoxicological effects posed by bulk of the material obtained from landfill mining, that is, fine fraction (<10 mm), were assessed by performing bioassays tests with the aim of using the data in geoenvironmental applications, such as landfill biocover to control residual methane emissions from old landfills. Attention is mainly focused on the possible interaction of fine fractions with the test organism. The tested eluates of fine fraction exhibited low acute toxicity toward the bacteria Allivibrio fischeri and Escherichia coli, the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, and brine shrimp Artemia salina. The eluates showed slight inhibitory effects on the germination of seeds of lettuce Lactuca sativa L. and timothy Phleum pratense L., and no inhibitory effects on germination of seeds of perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. The fine fraction studied in the present study can be characterized as acutely nontoxic or slightly acutely toxic. Correlation analysis revealed moderate positive correlation between lethality of rotifers and soluble content of organic compounds in the fine fraction eluates. In conclusion, the conducted experiments demonstrated that the usage of fine fraction for onsite applications such as landfill biocover may pose minimal environmental consequences, based on the ecotoxicity assessment. (C) 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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| 22. |
- Vergeles, Yuriy, et al.
(författare)
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Formation and properties of sediments in constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic wastewater
- 2016
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - 1573-062X. ; 13:3, s. 293-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediments formation and biogeochemical properties were studied in an experimental constructed wetland site in Ukraine (Bioplato) for treatment of domestic effluents. The wetland, with a capacity of 50m(3) d(-1) of wastewater, consists of vertical and horizontal filtrations units with fine gravel, middle and coarse sand, a subsurface flow unit with natural wetland soil applied, and a septic tank and sludge-drying field. Macrophytes, reed (Phragmites australis), cattail (Typha latifolia) and a number of sedge species (Carex spp.) were planted in the area and dominate the average cover of 85-90%. Treatment efficiency for BOD5 and suspended solids was 93-96%, for COD - 82%, for nutrients - 27-50%, and for pathogenic microorganisms 99.3-99.6%. Sludge was sampled at each unit followed by standard laboratory analyses of its main characteristics: total organic carbon (TOC), total nutrients (N, P), contents of trace elements, abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, and general toxicity. Results confirmed that the top layer of sludge from each unit of wetland could be used as a source of fertilizers for grain and leguminous crops.
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| 23. |
- Abarca-Guerrero, Lilliana, et al.
(författare)
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Desafíos en la gestión de residuos sólidos para las ciudades de países en desarrollo [Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries]
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tecnología en Marcha. - 0379-3982 .- 2215-3241. ; 28:2, s. 141-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid waste management is a challenge for the cities' authorities in developing countries mainly due to the increasing generation of waste, the burden posed on the municipal budget as a result of the high costs associated to its management, the lack of understanding over a diversity of factors that affect the different stages of waste management and linkages necessary to enable the entire handling system functioning. An analysis of literature on the work done and reported mainly in publications from 2005 to 2011, related to waste management in developing countries, showed that few articles give quantitative information. The analysis was conducted in two of the major scientific journals, Waste Management Journal and Waste Management and Research. The objective of this research was to determine the stakeholders' action/behavior that have a role in the waste management process and to analyze influential factors on the system, in more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents. A combination of methods was used in this study in order to assess the stakeholders and the factors influencing the performance of waste management in the cities. Data was collected from scientific literature, existing data bases, observations made during visits to urban areas, structured interviews with relevant professionals, exercises provided to participants in workshops and a questionnaire applied to stakeholders. Descriptive and inferential statistic methods were used to draw conclusions. The outcomes of the research are a comprehensive list of stakeholders that are relevant in the waste management systems and a set of factors that reveal the most important causes for the systems' failure. The information provided is very useful when planning, changing or implementing waste management systems in cities.
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| 24. |
- Alriksson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Key Areas of Environmental Entrepreneurships and Relevant Legal, Finacial and Organizational Framework
- 2006. - Alriksson, S., Hakuli, M., Helo, P., Hogland, W., Kekäle, T., Kohtamäki, M, Marques, M., Paajaste, K., Peltoniemi, J., and Peura, P., (eds)
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Water balance for landfills of different age
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 158:3-4, s. 203-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water-related processes in landfills are discussed with emphasis on internal processes such as field capacity, moisture variation in time and space, and macropore flow. Runoff production and evaporation from landfills in Sweden of different age are investigated. It is clarified in what ways and for how long a closed municipal landfill differs from an ordinary land area from a hydrological point of view.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Dagvatten från Växjö tätort. Kvantiteter och kvaliteter samt olika belastningar på olika recipienter.
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport har genomförts för att kvantifiera föroreningstransporterna med dagvatten från Växjö tätort till de olika recipienterna i kommunen, på månads- och årsbasis. Avbördningen av dagvatten och föroreningstransporter för kväve, fosfor, kemisk syreförbrukning, koppar, zink och bly, har bestämts för 52 olika delområden. Den totala årliga dagvattenvolymen som avrinner från Växjö tätort, till intilliggande recipienter uppgår till 2,94 miljoner m3. De största dagvattenvolymerna förekommer under sommar- och höstmånaderna. Det dagvatten som årligen avrinner från Växjö tätort till de 8 recipienterna innehåller stora kvantiteter föroreningar; 6.300 kg kväve, 330 kg fosfor, 205 ton kemisk syreförbrukning (COD), 107 kg koppar, 298 kg zink och 26 kg bly. Växjösjön är den recipient som mottar den största belastningen av alla recipienterna, Växjösjön är också den till ytan minsta av recipienterna. De i utredningen beräknade belastningarna har inte ställts i relation till andra utsläppskällor. För Växjösjöns del har dock tidigare rapporter behandlat helhetsbilden.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Vatten- och föroreningsbalanser för Växjösjön, dagvattnets kvalitet och kvantitet
- 1988
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att bedöma lång- och korttidseffekter av dagvattenutsläpp till Växjösjön har beräkningar gjorts av vattenvolymer och föroreningsmängder för de urbana avrinningsområdena som avbördar till Växjösjön. De parametrar som studerades var: pH, syre, kväve, fosfor, kemisk och biologisk syreförbrukning, tungmetaller, fenoler, olja, PCB och bakterier. För att klarlägga olika källors betydelse för belastningen på Växjösjön upprättades vatten- och föroreningsbalanser. Växjösjöns nuvarande eutrofa tillstånd är inte enbart orsakad av avloppsvattenutsläpp och vattenståndssänkningar, utan även av en ökad dagvattenbelastning med stora mängder närsalter. Den nuvarande belastningen är 0,63 g fosfor/m2 och år, av vilket 8% härrör från nederbörd direkt på sjöytan, 55% från tillflödet från Trummen och 37% från dagvattentillförseln.
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| 33. |
- Bernstone, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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DC resistivity mapping of internal landfill structures: two pre-excavation surveys.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Environmental Geology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0943-0105 .- 1432-0495. ; 39:3-4, s. 360-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geophysical investigations using 2-D DC resistivity were carried out on old parts of two similar landfills, with waste of different ages. The data sets, which included high data density in both vertical and horizontal directions, were interpreted with 2-D smoothness constrained inversion. The landfills were excavated after the surveying. The objective was to test the capability of the resistivity method as a pre-characterization technique. The objectives were only partially fulfilled. First, the moisture content was the parameter that appeared to exert the dominant control over the resistivity distribution of the landfill. The most important potential information that can be recovered is, therefore, an indication of the waste piles hydraulics. Second, it was neither possible to estimate the amount of recoverable soils, nor to correlate the type of waste with the resistivity models. However, discrete anomalies were identified, and if specific materials are searched for, the resistivity models indicate possible places to search.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Bhatnagar, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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An overview of the modification methods of activated carbon for its water treatment applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 219, s. 499-511
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activated carbon has been recognized as one of the oldest and widely used adsorbent for the water and wastewater treatment for removing organic and inorganic pollutants. The application of activated carbon in adsorption process is mainly depends on the surface chemistry and pore structure of porous carbons. The method of activation and the nature of precursor used greatly influences surface functional groups and pore structure of the activated carbon. Therefore, the main focus of researchers is to develop or modifies the activation/treatment techniques in an optimal manner using appropriate precursors for specific pollutants. In recent years, emphasis is given to prepare the surface modified carbons using different procedures to enhance the potential of activated carbon for specific contaminants. Various methods such as, acid treatment, base treatment, impregnation treatment, ozone treatment, surfactant treatment, plasma treatment and microwave treatment have been studied to develop surface modified activated carbons. In this paper, these modification methods have been reviewed and the potential of surface modified activated carbons towards water treatment has been discussed. This review article is aimed at providing precise information on efforts made by various researchers in the field of surface modification of activated carbon for water pollution control. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Bhatnagar, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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Valorization of solid waste products from olive oil industry as potential adsorbents for water pollution control-a review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 21:1, s. 268-298
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global olive oil production for 2010 is estimated to be 2,881,500 metric tons. The European Union countries produce 78.5 % of the total olive oil, which stands for an average production of 2,136,000 tons. The worldwide consumption of olive oil increased of 78 % between 1990 and 2010. The increase in olive oil production implies a proportional increase in olive mill wastes. As a consequence of such increasing trend, olive mills are facing severe environmental problems due to lack of feasible and/or cost-effective solutions to olive-mill waste management. Therefore, immediate attention is required to find a proper way of management to deal with olive mill waste materials in order to minimize environmental pollution and associated health risks. One of the interesting uses of solid wastes generated from olive mills is to convert them as inexpensive adsorbents for water pollution control. In this review paper, an extensive list of adsorbents (prepared by utilizing different types of olive mill solid waste materials) from vast literature has been compiled, and their adsorption capacities for various aquatic pollutants removal are presented. Different physicochemical methods that have been used to convert olive mill solid wastes into efficient adsorbents have also been discussed. Characterization of olive-based adsorbents and adsorption mechanisms of various aquatic pollutants on these developed olive-based adsorbents have also been discussed in detail. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature reviewed, and suggestions for future research are proposed.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Burlakovs, J., et al.
(författare)
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Application of anaerobic digestion for biogas and methane production from fresh beach-cast biomass
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3rd EAGE Global Energy Transition, GET 2022. - : European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE. - 9781713863618 ; , s. 61-65, s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research, biogas production potential from beach wrack collected in Riga Gulf (Ragaciems, Jaunķemeri, Bigauņciems) and in coastline of Sweden (Kalmar) was studied using an anaerobic digestion method. Selected beach wrack masses laying ashore and containing macroalgal biomass of common macroalgae types specific to the Baltic Sea were mixed for consolidated samples. Anoxic fermentation of untreated beach wrack was carried out in 16 bioreactors applying a single filling mode at 38 °C. The study revealed that by utilizing beach wrack accumulated ashore as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion methane can be utilized if pretreatment and conditioning of the samples are performed. The study was continued for selected brown algae containing biomass tested with three dewatering pretreatment methods: a) keeping in tap water for 24 hours; b) washing with running fresh water for one hour, and c) drying to relatively constant weight. The resulting methane outcome was compared with the data corresponding to raw brown algae. The study confirmed that washing of macroalgal biomass applied as pretreatment prior to anaerobic fermentation avoids inhibition of salts and promotes biomethane production.
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| 40. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Quality of Groundwater in Contaminated Areas—Challenges in Eastern Baltic Region
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water Resources Quality and Management in Baltic Sea Countries. - Switzerland : Springer. - 9783030397005 - 9783030397012 ; , s. 59-84
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of water in the future will force society to find more sophisticated solutions for treatment and improvement of groundwater wherever it comes from. Contamination of soil and groundwater is a legacy of modern society, prevention of contaminants spread and secondary water reuse options shall be considered. The aim of the book chapter is to give oversight view on problems and challenges linked to groundwater quality in Eastern Baltic region whilst through case studies explaining the practical problems with groundwater monitoring, remediation and overall environmental quality analysis. The reader will get introduced with case studies in industry levels as credibility of scientific fundamentals is higher when practical solutions are shown. Eastern Baltic countries experience cover contamination problems that are mainly of historic origin due to former Soviet military and industrial policy implementation through decades. Short summaries for each case study are given and main conclusions provided in form of recommendations at the very end of the chapter.
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| 41. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescence Spectroscopy – Applied Tool for Organic Matter Analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: <em>Goldschmidt Abstracts</em>, 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large applied projects in various sub-fields of environmental science studied and analyzed properties of organic matter. The “Life-Sure” is as continuation of started work for cost effective bottom sediments treatment where organic matter play important role of sorption of urban contaminants; “CONTRA” - beach wrack studies for advanced value-based bioeconomy development. Another project on Jurassic clay is interesting in discourse on Pleistocene glaciers glaciodynamics. Material from field was tested by 3D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) providing “fingerprints” for a single compound or a mixture of fluorescent components. Thus humic macromolecules might be well seen nevertheless structural units have variable effects on the wavelength as well as intensity of fluorescence. It decreases with increasing molecular size of the humic macromolecule. For applied environmental projects this is well non-destructive tool to quantify the decomposition degree of organic matter requiring negligible amount of sample. This important method is valid for both organic matter and humic substances analytics. Chemical nature of humic substances can be correlated to structural information, e.g., functional groups, poly-condensation, aromaticity, dynamic properties related to intermolecular interactions. Acquired data from EEM provided significant input for scientific knowledge and innovation along with other analytical tools.
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| 42. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Former dump sites and the landfill mining perspectives in baltic countries and Sweden : The status
- 2013
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Ingår i: SGEM2013 Conference Proceedings. - 9789549181876 ; , s. 485-492
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfills are considered as places where the life cycle of products ends thus meaning that resources and materials, which before were valuables, become useless and are disposed forever in places away from the sight. Landfills that were not closed appropriately are of primary importance as the EU legislation demands closure of noncompliant landfills, re-cultivation followed by soil and groundwater remediation. Waste dumps in former times were created without any environmental planning and it causes problems. Planned actions to reduce and prevent impacts to the environment and get extracted valuables from dump sites are proposed in a new approach known as "landfill mining" (LFM). The number of dumpsites which are still not appropriately closed according to the EU Directives has diminished, but not completely. Landfills that are located close to the Baltic Sea and Black Seas could be good candidates for LFM. This research topic has had evolved in many aspects with the interest increase on material recovery, refuse derived fuels (RDF) production, greenhouse gas and leachate emission diminishing. Real-time applied LFM in last decade in Sweden has started and Estonian scientists and entrepreneurs took over the initiative - the project in Saaremaa Island is an example of closing the life cycle of dumpsites by following a more sustainable approach. The rise of raw material and energy costs promotes the process of LFM to be economically feasible, but this approach must be adjusted in regulations (permittingprohibiting schemes, environmental impact assessment, staff safety, monitoring).
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| 43. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Separations. - : MDPI. - 2297-8739. ; 6:2, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For decades, significant work has been conducted regarding plastic waste by dealing with rejected materials in waste masses through their accumulation, sorting and recycling. Important political and technical challenges are involved, especially with respect to landfilled waste. Plastic is popular and, notwithstanding decrease policies, it will remain a material widely used in most economic sectors. However, questions of plastic waste recycling in the contemporary world cannot be solved without knowing the material, which can be achieved by careful sampling, analysis and quantification. Plastic is heterogeneous, but usually all plastic waste is jointly handled for recycling and incineration. Separation before processing waste through the analytical approach must be applied. Modern landfill mining and site clean-up projects in contemporary waste management systems require comprehensive material studies ranging from the macro-characterization of waste masses to a more detailed analysis of hazardous constituents and properties from an energy calorific standpoint-where, among other methods, thermogravimetric research coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic assessment is highly welcomed.
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| 44. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of new concepts in waste management in tourist metropolitan areas
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2019 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (ICESE 2019). - : IOP Publishing. ; , s. 1-10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urban waste in tourist cities needs comprehensive global research efforts and proceeded action as for metropolitan areas huge impact and load on waste management is generated. Waste management and resource conservation strategies are prepared in state-of-the-art level however implementation and future improvement of the current situation is crucial. Some examples in waste prevention and management for better tourism, waste and resource management are provided in the paper as outcomes from Horizon2020 project "Urban Strategies for Waste Management in Tourist Cities". The policy and tools based on information gathered by scientists, municipal and NGOs experience (e.g. separation of bio-waste in catering industries, "sin-wastes" as from the bars, nightclubs and smoker places, reuse of unnecessary items that can serve for others and many more) are described. In addition, regulatory instruments (e.g. ban of plastic bags, reduction of allowed bio-waste in landfilling), economic instruments (taxes) and voluntary agreements (e.g. deposit systems; cleaning actions by volunteers) might be used to implement and elaborate the situation within environmental management and prevention practices in tourist metropolitan cities. Food waste prevention, beach and littoral management, special practices for festival waste and large amount specific waste generating facilities (e.g., entertainment industry, cruises etc.) are of high importance. The future outlook may be concentrated on digitalizing of waste flows and using the "big data" concept for better and smarter waste management.
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| 45. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Remarks on novel case studies for integrated pollution prevention in the baltic sea region
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - : International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM. ; , s. 1167-1174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea is suffering from extended surplus of phosphorus, nitrogen and other pollutants. It causes diminishing biodiversity and increased eutrophication (mainly due to nitrogen and phosphorous in various substances). The common effort in the region is environmental standpoint in sustainable circular economy. Oil pollutants, heavy metals, organic substances are being released to the Baltic Sea and consequences for maritime environment are serious. However, Baltic Sea Region is one of the most innovative regions in the world considering environmental technology development. The interregional potential is about to solve the above mentioned challenges there were developed the project “Reviving Baltic Resilience (RBR)”. By using prior experiences in other EU projects as well as continuously working and acquiring new data and knowledge, our aim is to test at proactive methods/technologies for preventing pollution reaching the maritime environment and entering biological chains. The paper focuses on three novel case studies: 1) pollution prevention through phytoremediation at landfill close to the sea; 2) studies on sludge deposits with focus on recovery potential; 3) prevention of release of pollutants from sediments in bays and lagoons. This project was supported by Interreg South Baltic program “Reviving Baltic Resilience” (RBR) and Swedish Institute “PECEC”. © SGEM 2018.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Chang, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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Phytoremediation development in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 1096. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contaminated air, water and soil have been major environmental issues during the last decades in Sweden. The phytoremediation technologies with ecological and economic benefits may help to alleviate those problems, especially related to heavy metal and organic pollutants. There is paucity of literatures on comprehensive understanding of phytoremediation technology development in Sweden. The Environmental Science and Engineering Group (ESEG) at Linnaeus University has been working on the relevant topics for decades and achieved some important findings. This study aimed at providing a systematic insight on the phytoremediation development in Sweden through literature reviews as well as summarizing the doctoral theses presented by ESEG. Herein suggestions and recommendations for phytoremediation development are given, especially those projects and research in Sweden and other countries with similar climate situation, which can benefit the works for site managers and engineers as well as ecologists and biochemists. The study presents useful findings: 1) The majority of phytoremediation research in Sweden is focused on wetlands. Some are working on soil remediation, and very few on air purification. Submerged plant species in wetlands have been shown to be more effective at removing heavy metals than free-floating and terrestrial plants. Willow is the most popular species used in soil remediation, and there are many different clones. There are some other potential plants for phytoremediation, including Poplar, Silver Birch, Alfalfa, Spinach, Fireweed, Reed Canary grass, Scots pine, Rapeseed, etc. 2) Composting, bacteria, and iodides are examples of additions that can help improve phytoremediation efficiency. 3) Both biomass yields and contaminants accumulation concentration in plant must be considered when evaluating phytoremediation efficiency. 4) The efficacy of the phytoremediation function will be influenced by factors such as plant selection, climate situation, additions of substrate, soil properties, etc. Furthermore, the concentration of contaminants varies between plants as well as between different parts of the plant. 5) Management and maintenance are essential for a successful phytoremediation operation. It is critical to protect plants against disease, fungi, insects, pests and so on. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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