| 1. |
- Bhatnagar, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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Hunting for valuables from landfills and assessing their market opportunities : A case study with Kudjape landfill in Estonia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 35:6, s. 627-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill mining is an alternative technology that merges the ideas of material recycling and sustainable waste management. This paper reports a case study to estimate the value of landfilled materials and their respective market opportunities, based on a full-scale landfill mining project in Estonia. During the project, a dump site (Kudjape, Estonia) was excavated with the main objectives of extracting soil-like final cover material with the function of methane degradation. In total, about 57,777 m(3) of waste was processed, particularly the uppermost 10-year layer of waste. Manual sorting was performed in four test pits to determine the detailed composition of wastes. 11,610 kg of waste was screened on site, resulting in fine (<40 mm) and coarse (>40 mm) fractions with the share of 54% and 46%, respectively. Some portion of the fine fraction was sieved further to obtain a very fine grained fraction of <10 mm and analyzed for its potential for metals recovery. The average chemical composition of the <10 mm soil-like fraction suggests that it offers opportunities for metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) extraction and recovery. The findings from this study highlight the importance of implementing best available site-specific technologies for on-site separation up to 10 mm grain size, and the importance of developing and implementing innovative extraction methods for materials recovery from soil-like fractions.
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| 2. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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On the way to 'zero waste' management : Recovery potential of elements, including rare earth elements, from fine fraction of waste
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 186, s. 81-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing schemes of solid waste handling have been improved implementing advanced systems for recovery and reuse of various materials. Nowadays, the 'zero waste' concept is becoming more topical through the reduction of disposed waste. Recovery of metals, nutrients and other materials that can be returned to the material cycles still remain as a challenge for future. Landfill mining (LFM) is one of the approaches that can deal with former dumpsites, and derived materials may become important for circular economy within the concept 'beyond the zero waste'. Perspectives of material recovery can include recycling of critical industrial metals, including rare earth elements (REEs). The LFM projects performed in the Baltic Region along with a conventional source separation of iron-scrap, plastics etc. have shown that the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidal matter) of excavated waste have considerably large amounts of potentially valuable metals and distinct REEs. In this paper analytical screening studies are discussed extending the understanding of element content in fine fraction of waste derived from excavated, separated and screened waste in a perspective of circular economy. Technological feasibility was evaluated by using modified sequential extraction technique where easy extractable amount of metals can be estimated. Results revealed that considerable concentrations of Mn (418-823 mg/kg), Ni (41-84 mg/kg), Co (10.7-19.3 mg/kg) and Cd (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) were detected in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste sampled from Hogbytorp landfill, while Cr (49-518 mg/kg) and Pb (30-264 mg/kg) were found in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste from Torma landfill revealing wide heterogeneity of tested samples. Waste should become a utilizable resource closing the loop of anthropogenic material cycle as the hidden potential of valuable materials in dumps is considerable.
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| 3. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Paradigms on landfill mining : From dump site scavenging to ecosystem services revitalization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 123, s. 73-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the next century to come, one of the biggest challenges is to provide the mankind with relevant and sufficient resources. Recovery of secondary resources plays a significant role. Industrial processes developed to regain minerals for commodity production in a circular economy become ever more important in the European Union and worldwide. Landfill mining (LFM) constitutes an important technological toolset of processes that regain resources and redistribute them with an accompanying reduction of hazardous influence of environmental contamination and other threats for human health hidden in former dump sites and landfills. This review paper is devoted to LFM problems, historical development and driving paradigms of LFM from 'classical hunting for valuables' to 'perspective in ecosystem revitalization'. The main goal is to provide a description of historical experience and link it to more advanced concept of a circular economy. The challenge is to adapt the existing knowledge to make decisions in accordance with both, economic feasibility and ecosystems revitalization aspects. (
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| 4. |
- Hogland, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary analysis of elements in water supply sludge at Rönneholms Mosse fields, southern Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference (SGEM 2018). - Sofia : International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM. - 9781510873575 ; , s. 111-118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sydvatten AB operates the water plant Ringsjö Agency in Stehag, Southern Sweden, and the company has since the 1970s deposited waterworks sludge in the sludge landfill at Rönneholms Mosse (bog), Sjöholmen (WGS84 55°48'46.1"N 13°18'25.6"E). In order to handle the produced future waterworks sludge from Ringsjö there was carried out a trenching and stratigraphic study of Ringsjö Agency waterworks sludge. The aim of the project was to roughly determine the mass balance for Fe and Al for the basis of the results to determine potential extraction and recycling opportunities for the iron and/or aluminum hydroxides of water treatment sludge. In addition trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) were studied. Analysis of 10 cores were characterized by technogenic stratigraphy, texture and color, results of geochemical studies of processed sludge recovered possible recycling opportunities to implement circular economy principles in sludge management. The Interreg Baltic Sea Region within the scope of project “Interactive Water Management” (IWAMA) has supported this study.
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| 5. |
- Hogland, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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Remarks on four novel landfill mining case studies in Estonia and Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. - : Springer. - 1438-4957 .- 1611-8227. ; 20:2, s. 1355-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In common sense, a landfill is a place where the life cycle of products ends. Landfill mining (LFM) mostly deals with former dumpsites and derived material may have a significant importance for the circular economy. Deliverables of recently applied LFM projects in Sweden and Estonia have revealed the potential and problems for material recovery. There are 75-100 thousand old landfills and dumps in the Baltic Sea Region, and they pose environmental risks to soil, water and air by pollution released from leachate and greenhouse gas emissions. Excavation of landfills is potential solution for solving these problems, and at the same time, there are perspectives to recover valuable lands and materials, save expenses for final coverage of the landfills and aftercare control. The research project "Closing the Life Cycle of Landfills-Landfill Mining in the Baltic Sea Region for Future" included investigation at four case studies in Estonia and Sweden: Kudjape, Torma, Hogbytorp and Vika landfills. Added value of this research project is characterization of waste fine fraction material, determination of concentration for most critical and rare earth elements. The main results showed that both, coarse and fine, fractions of waste might have certain opportunities of recovery.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Jani, Yahya, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of excavated fine fraction and waste composition from a Swedish landfill
- 2016
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 34:12, s. 1292-1299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present research studies the characterisation and the physico-chemical properties of an excavated fine fraction (<10 mm) from a Swedish landfill, the Högbytorp. The results showed that the fine fraction represents 38% by mass of the total excavated wastes and it contains mainly soil-type materials and minerals. Higher concentrations of zinc, copper, barium and chromium were found with concentrations higher than the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for contaminated soil. The found moisture and organic contents of the fine fraction were 23.5% and 16.6%, respectively. The analysed calorific value (1.7 MJ kg-1), the potential of CH4 (4.74 m3 t-1 dry matter) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (5.6%) were low and offer low potential of energy. Sieving the fine fraction further showed that 80% was smaller than 2 mm. The fine represents a major fraction at any landfill (40%–70%), therefore, characterising the properties of this fraction is essential to find the potential of reusing/recycling or safely redisposing.
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| 10. |
- Jani, Yahya, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Composition of waste at an early EU-landfill of Torma in Estonia
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE). - : International Digital Organization for Scientific Information. - 2079-2115 .- 2079-2123. ; 8:2, s. 113-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfills represent a continuous environmental threat due to the emission of different greenhouse gases, which are mainly responsible for the climate changes, and the contaminated leachate that affects the surface and ground water recipients. The circular economy approach appeared as a useful solution to reduce the depletion of the Earth’s natural resources and the environmental risk effects by considering all of the lost resources like wastes including the landfills as potential secondary resources. It is well known that characterizing the composition of landfill waste is an essential step in specifying the recycling methods. In the current research the waste composition at one of the first EU regulations-compliant sanitary landfills (the Torma landfill in Estonia) was studied. The results showed that the fine fraction (<20 mm) represented 53% of the total excavated waste materials while the waste to energy fraction (plastics, woods etc.) was the highest within the coarse fraction (>20 mm). The present work emphasized that mining landfills can be a good solution either for extracting primary raw materials like metals, as a source for recovering energy, or for acquiring landfill space.
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| 11. |
- Kaczala, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Fractionation of Pb and Cu in the fine fraction (< 10 mm) of waste excavated from a municipal landfill
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 35:11, s. 1175-1182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fractionation of metals in the fine fraction (<10 mm) of excavated waste from an Estonian landfill was carried out to evaluate the metal (Pb and Cu) contents and their potential towards not only mobility but also possibilities of recovery/extraction. The fractionation followed the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction, and the exchangeable (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3) and residual fractions were determined. The results showed that Pb was highly associated with the reducible (F2) and oxidizable (F3) fractions, suggesting the potential mobility of this metal mainly when in contact with oxygen, despite the low association with the exchangeable fraction (F1). Cu has also shown the potential for mobility when in contact with oxygen, since high associations with the oxidizable fraction (F3) were observed. On the other hand, the mobility of metals in excavated waste can be seen as beneficial considering the circular economy and recovery of such valuables back into the economy. To conclude, not only the total concentration of metals but also a better understanding of fractionation and in which form metals are bound is very important to bring information on how to manage the fine fraction from excavated waste both in terms of environmental impacts and also recovery of such valuables in the economy.
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| 12. |
- Orupold, Kaja, et al.
(författare)
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Ecotoxicity Assessment of Fine Fractions Obtained from Landfill Mining
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 2153-5493 .- 2153-5515. ; 26:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the ecotoxicological effects posed by bulk of the material obtained from landfill mining, that is, fine fraction (<10 mm), were assessed by performing bioassays tests with the aim of using the data in geoenvironmental applications, such as landfill biocover to control residual methane emissions from old landfills. Attention is mainly focused on the possible interaction of fine fractions with the test organism. The tested eluates of fine fraction exhibited low acute toxicity toward the bacteria Allivibrio fischeri and Escherichia coli, the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, and brine shrimp Artemia salina. The eluates showed slight inhibitory effects on the germination of seeds of lettuce Lactuca sativa L. and timothy Phleum pratense L., and no inhibitory effects on germination of seeds of perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. The fine fraction studied in the present study can be characterized as acutely nontoxic or slightly acutely toxic. Correlation analysis revealed moderate positive correlation between lethality of rotifers and soluble content of organic compounds in the fine fraction eluates. In conclusion, the conducted experiments demonstrated that the usage of fine fraction for onsite applications such as landfill biocover may pose minimal environmental consequences, based on the ecotoxicity assessment. (C) 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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| 13. |
- Abarca-Guerrero, Lilliana, et al.
(författare)
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Desafíos en la gestión de residuos sólidos para las ciudades de países en desarrollo [Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries]
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tecnología en Marcha. - 0379-3982 .- 2215-3241. ; 28:2, s. 141-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid waste management is a challenge for the cities' authorities in developing countries mainly due to the increasing generation of waste, the burden posed on the municipal budget as a result of the high costs associated to its management, the lack of understanding over a diversity of factors that affect the different stages of waste management and linkages necessary to enable the entire handling system functioning. An analysis of literature on the work done and reported mainly in publications from 2005 to 2011, related to waste management in developing countries, showed that few articles give quantitative information. The analysis was conducted in two of the major scientific journals, Waste Management Journal and Waste Management and Research. The objective of this research was to determine the stakeholders' action/behavior that have a role in the waste management process and to analyze influential factors on the system, in more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents. A combination of methods was used in this study in order to assess the stakeholders and the factors influencing the performance of waste management in the cities. Data was collected from scientific literature, existing data bases, observations made during visits to urban areas, structured interviews with relevant professionals, exercises provided to participants in workshops and a questionnaire applied to stakeholders. Descriptive and inferential statistic methods were used to draw conclusions. The outcomes of the research are a comprehensive list of stakeholders that are relevant in the waste management systems and a set of factors that reveal the most important causes for the systems' failure. The information provided is very useful when planning, changing or implementing waste management systems in cities.
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| 14. |
- Bhatnagar, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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An overview of the modification methods of activated carbon for its water treatment applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 219, s. 499-511
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activated carbon has been recognized as one of the oldest and widely used adsorbent for the water and wastewater treatment for removing organic and inorganic pollutants. The application of activated carbon in adsorption process is mainly depends on the surface chemistry and pore structure of porous carbons. The method of activation and the nature of precursor used greatly influences surface functional groups and pore structure of the activated carbon. Therefore, the main focus of researchers is to develop or modifies the activation/treatment techniques in an optimal manner using appropriate precursors for specific pollutants. In recent years, emphasis is given to prepare the surface modified carbons using different procedures to enhance the potential of activated carbon for specific contaminants. Various methods such as, acid treatment, base treatment, impregnation treatment, ozone treatment, surfactant treatment, plasma treatment and microwave treatment have been studied to develop surface modified activated carbons. In this paper, these modification methods have been reviewed and the potential of surface modified activated carbons towards water treatment has been discussed. This review article is aimed at providing precise information on efforts made by various researchers in the field of surface modification of activated carbon for water pollution control. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Burlakovs, J., et al.
(författare)
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Application of anaerobic digestion for biogas and methane production from fresh beach-cast biomass
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3rd EAGE Global Energy Transition, GET 2022. - : European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE. - 9781713863618 ; , s. 61-65, s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research, biogas production potential from beach wrack collected in Riga Gulf (Ragaciems, Jaunķemeri, Bigauņciems) and in coastline of Sweden (Kalmar) was studied using an anaerobic digestion method. Selected beach wrack masses laying ashore and containing macroalgal biomass of common macroalgae types specific to the Baltic Sea were mixed for consolidated samples. Anoxic fermentation of untreated beach wrack was carried out in 16 bioreactors applying a single filling mode at 38 °C. The study revealed that by utilizing beach wrack accumulated ashore as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion methane can be utilized if pretreatment and conditioning of the samples are performed. The study was continued for selected brown algae containing biomass tested with three dewatering pretreatment methods: a) keeping in tap water for 24 hours; b) washing with running fresh water for one hour, and c) drying to relatively constant weight. The resulting methane outcome was compared with the data corresponding to raw brown algae. The study confirmed that washing of macroalgal biomass applied as pretreatment prior to anaerobic fermentation avoids inhibition of salts and promotes biomethane production.
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| 16. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Quality of Groundwater in Contaminated Areas—Challenges in Eastern Baltic Region
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water Resources Quality and Management in Baltic Sea Countries. - Switzerland : Springer. - 9783030397005 - 9783030397012 ; , s. 59-84
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of water in the future will force society to find more sophisticated solutions for treatment and improvement of groundwater wherever it comes from. Contamination of soil and groundwater is a legacy of modern society, prevention of contaminants spread and secondary water reuse options shall be considered. The aim of the book chapter is to give oversight view on problems and challenges linked to groundwater quality in Eastern Baltic region whilst through case studies explaining the practical problems with groundwater monitoring, remediation and overall environmental quality analysis. The reader will get introduced with case studies in industry levels as credibility of scientific fundamentals is higher when practical solutions are shown. Eastern Baltic countries experience cover contamination problems that are mainly of historic origin due to former Soviet military and industrial policy implementation through decades. Short summaries for each case study are given and main conclusions provided in form of recommendations at the very end of the chapter.
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| 17. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescence Spectroscopy – Applied Tool for Organic Matter Analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: <em>Goldschmidt Abstracts</em>, 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large applied projects in various sub-fields of environmental science studied and analyzed properties of organic matter. The “Life-Sure” is as continuation of started work for cost effective bottom sediments treatment where organic matter play important role of sorption of urban contaminants; “CONTRA” - beach wrack studies for advanced value-based bioeconomy development. Another project on Jurassic clay is interesting in discourse on Pleistocene glaciers glaciodynamics. Material from field was tested by 3D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) providing “fingerprints” for a single compound or a mixture of fluorescent components. Thus humic macromolecules might be well seen nevertheless structural units have variable effects on the wavelength as well as intensity of fluorescence. It decreases with increasing molecular size of the humic macromolecule. For applied environmental projects this is well non-destructive tool to quantify the decomposition degree of organic matter requiring negligible amount of sample. This important method is valid for both organic matter and humic substances analytics. Chemical nature of humic substances can be correlated to structural information, e.g., functional groups, poly-condensation, aromaticity, dynamic properties related to intermolecular interactions. Acquired data from EEM provided significant input for scientific knowledge and innovation along with other analytical tools.
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| 18. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Separations. - : MDPI. - 2297-8739. ; 6:2, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For decades, significant work has been conducted regarding plastic waste by dealing with rejected materials in waste masses through their accumulation, sorting and recycling. Important political and technical challenges are involved, especially with respect to landfilled waste. Plastic is popular and, notwithstanding decrease policies, it will remain a material widely used in most economic sectors. However, questions of plastic waste recycling in the contemporary world cannot be solved without knowing the material, which can be achieved by careful sampling, analysis and quantification. Plastic is heterogeneous, but usually all plastic waste is jointly handled for recycling and incineration. Separation before processing waste through the analytical approach must be applied. Modern landfill mining and site clean-up projects in contemporary waste management systems require comprehensive material studies ranging from the macro-characterization of waste masses to a more detailed analysis of hazardous constituents and properties from an energy calorific standpoint-where, among other methods, thermogravimetric research coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic assessment is highly welcomed.
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| 19. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of new concepts in waste management in tourist metropolitan areas
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2019 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (ICESE 2019). - : IOP Publishing. ; , s. 1-10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urban waste in tourist cities needs comprehensive global research efforts and proceeded action as for metropolitan areas huge impact and load on waste management is generated. Waste management and resource conservation strategies are prepared in state-of-the-art level however implementation and future improvement of the current situation is crucial. Some examples in waste prevention and management for better tourism, waste and resource management are provided in the paper as outcomes from Horizon2020 project "Urban Strategies for Waste Management in Tourist Cities". The policy and tools based on information gathered by scientists, municipal and NGOs experience (e.g. separation of bio-waste in catering industries, "sin-wastes" as from the bars, nightclubs and smoker places, reuse of unnecessary items that can serve for others and many more) are described. In addition, regulatory instruments (e.g. ban of plastic bags, reduction of allowed bio-waste in landfilling), economic instruments (taxes) and voluntary agreements (e.g. deposit systems; cleaning actions by volunteers) might be used to implement and elaborate the situation within environmental management and prevention practices in tourist metropolitan cities. Food waste prevention, beach and littoral management, special practices for festival waste and large amount specific waste generating facilities (e.g., entertainment industry, cruises etc.) are of high importance. The future outlook may be concentrated on digitalizing of waste flows and using the "big data" concept for better and smarter waste management.
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| 20. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Remarks on novel case studies for integrated pollution prevention in the baltic sea region
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - : International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM. ; , s. 1167-1174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea is suffering from extended surplus of phosphorus, nitrogen and other pollutants. It causes diminishing biodiversity and increased eutrophication (mainly due to nitrogen and phosphorous in various substances). The common effort in the region is environmental standpoint in sustainable circular economy. Oil pollutants, heavy metals, organic substances are being released to the Baltic Sea and consequences for maritime environment are serious. However, Baltic Sea Region is one of the most innovative regions in the world considering environmental technology development. The interregional potential is about to solve the above mentioned challenges there were developed the project “Reviving Baltic Resilience (RBR)”. By using prior experiences in other EU projects as well as continuously working and acquiring new data and knowledge, our aim is to test at proactive methods/technologies for preventing pollution reaching the maritime environment and entering biological chains. The paper focuses on three novel case studies: 1) pollution prevention through phytoremediation at landfill close to the sea; 2) studies on sludge deposits with focus on recovery potential; 3) prevention of release of pollutants from sediments in bays and lagoons. This project was supported by Interreg South Baltic program “Reviving Baltic Resilience” (RBR) and Swedish Institute “PECEC”. © SGEM 2018.
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| 21. |
- Chang, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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Phytoremediation development in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 1096. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contaminated air, water and soil have been major environmental issues during the last decades in Sweden. The phytoremediation technologies with ecological and economic benefits may help to alleviate those problems, especially related to heavy metal and organic pollutants. There is paucity of literatures on comprehensive understanding of phytoremediation technology development in Sweden. The Environmental Science and Engineering Group (ESEG) at Linnaeus University has been working on the relevant topics for decades and achieved some important findings. This study aimed at providing a systematic insight on the phytoremediation development in Sweden through literature reviews as well as summarizing the doctoral theses presented by ESEG. Herein suggestions and recommendations for phytoremediation development are given, especially those projects and research in Sweden and other countries with similar climate situation, which can benefit the works for site managers and engineers as well as ecologists and biochemists. The study presents useful findings: 1) The majority of phytoremediation research in Sweden is focused on wetlands. Some are working on soil remediation, and very few on air purification. Submerged plant species in wetlands have been shown to be more effective at removing heavy metals than free-floating and terrestrial plants. Willow is the most popular species used in soil remediation, and there are many different clones. There are some other potential plants for phytoremediation, including Poplar, Silver Birch, Alfalfa, Spinach, Fireweed, Reed Canary grass, Scots pine, Rapeseed, etc. 2) Composting, bacteria, and iodides are examples of additions that can help improve phytoremediation efficiency. 3) Both biomass yields and contaminants accumulation concentration in plant must be considered when evaluating phytoremediation efficiency. 4) The efficacy of the phytoremediation function will be influenced by factors such as plant selection, climate situation, additions of substrate, soil properties, etc. Furthermore, the concentration of contaminants varies between plants as well as between different parts of the plant. 5) Management and maintenance are essential for a successful phytoremediation operation. It is critical to protect plants against disease, fungi, insects, pests and so on. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 22. |
- Chubarenko, B., et al.
(författare)
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Converting beach wrack into a resource as a challenge for the Baltic Sea (an overview)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 200, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper distinguishes beach wrack, the marine generated organic part of beach cast, as a separate management object and discusses research questions related to its management and economically viable use. Based on experiences from the Baltic Sea and existing practices from countries with different management systems clear distinction between the management of natural and anthropogenic components of cast material is seen as an essential prerequisite for developing sustainable product chains that allow beach wrack to be used as a resource of commercial value. Presenting and discussing examples from Denmark (Koge Municipality), Germany (Kuhlungsborn, Rugen and Poel Island), Poland (Gulf of Gdansk), Russia (Curonian and Vistula spits) and Sweden (Kalmar municipality and Oland), social, ecological, and economic consequences of beach wrack removal are analysed to improve the attractiveness of beaches for recreational purposes. It also includes potential contribution to Baltic Sea water restoration processes through the removal of the organic part of beach cast, where indeed more studies about the chemical (nutrients, metals) composition of beach wrack are required for reliable calculation of a depuration rate. For local economies within the Baltic Sea region, the organic part of beach cast (beach wrack and terrestrial debris) has reasonable economic prospects as a renewable natural resource, e.g. for soil improvement products, in fertilisers and bio-coal production, for landfill covers (contributing to climate change mitigation), biogas generation, and even for coastal protection by providing humus-like material for accelerated dune vegetation succession. For all these recycling options the development of cost-efficient technologies for collecting beach cast on sandy as well as stony beaches and also for separating the organic part from sand and anthropogenic litter (mainly plastic), is urgently required. Amendments of legal regulations, that better reflect the dualism of beach cast are also required. In essence, dualism results from the fact that beach wrack is a part of nature (or a natural resource) when it remains on a beach. However, beach wrack immediately becomes legally categorised as waste once humans collect it irrespective of its litter content. Another legal aspect being dealt with originates from the migration of the beach wrack between water and beach, whilst it is an object of epleagl cleaning operations only at the beach it onto the beach, but not whilst in the water.
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| 23. |
- Davydov, Roman, et al.
(författare)
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The application of pesticides and mineral fertilizers in agriculture
- 2018
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Ingår i: MATEC Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulation of using pesticides and agrochemicals application in agriculture is one of the important problem now, as also the problem of storage of mineral fertilizers and their improper using, which have negative influence on the chemical and the food security of the country. This paper discusses the features and benefits of monodisperse aerosols of pesticides in plant protection after a long-term research. A new line of development of science, engineering, industrial and innovative technologies-the author's project "Monodisperse Anthropogenic Aerosols" is proposed. The measures for its implementation are presented. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Diuldin, M. V., et al.
(författare)
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Highly sensitive photodetectors on the basis of Au-oxide-n-GaP0.4As0.6
- 2022
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 1096. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of studies of the photoelectric properties of Au-oxide-n-GaP0.4As0.6 nanostructures with different thicknesses of oxide layer (10-100Å) in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. As a result, photodetectors of UV radiation based on Au-oxide-n-GaAs0.6P0.4 nanostructures with an optimal thickness of the oxide layer (δ=30-60 Å) were developed. The creation of highly effective photodetectors of solar ultraviolet radiation (λ=280-400 nm, h ...=3,1-4,43 eV) for ecological purposes has been reported. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 26. |
- Fadeenko, V. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Photoluminescence spectroscopy features in the study of green leaves drying process
- 2018
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PHYSICA.SPB/2017. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). ; , s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presented work demonstrates new results of studying the photoluminescence kinetics of green leaves of Brassica rapa L. that were separated from the parent plant and in fact is the logical development of our studies. We found that the time dependence of its intensity includes 2 stages characterized by the fact that in the first one there is an increase in intensity, reaching a maximum and then decrease, but with long drying times in conditions of constant room temperature, it does not fall below its characteristic value for a living plant.
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| 27. |
- Ferrans, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of dredged sediments : a first guide to define potentially valuable compounds - the case of Malmfjärden Bay, Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Advances in Geosciences. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1680-7340 .- 1680-7359. ; 49, s. 137-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Millions of tons of bottom sediments are dredged annually all over the world. Ports and bays need to extract the sediments to guarantee the navigation levels or remediate the aquatic ecosystem. The removed material is commonly disposed of in open oceans or landfills. These disposal methods are not in line with circular-economy goals and additionally are unsuitable due to their legal and environmental compatibility. Recovery of valuables represents a way to eliminate dumping and contributes towards the sustainable extraction of secondary raw materials. Nevertheless, the recovery varies on a case-by-case basis and depends on the sediment components. Therefore, the first step is to analyse and identify the sediment composition and properties. Malmfjärden is a shallow semi-enclosed bay located in Kalmar, Sweden. Dredging of sediments is required to recuperate the water level. This study focuses on characterizing the sediments, pore water and surface water from the bay to uncover possible sediment recovery paths and define the baseline of contamination in the water body. The results showed that the bay had high amounts of nitrogen (170–450 µg L−1 ), leading to eutrophication problems. The sediments mainly comprised small size particle material (silt, clay and sand proportions of 62 %–79 %, 14 %–20 %, 7 %–17 %, respectively) and had a medium–high level of nitrogen (7400–11 000 mg kg−1 ). Additionally, the sediments had little presence of organic pollutants and low–medium concentration of metals or metalloids. The characterization of the sediments displays a potential use in less sensitive lands such as in industrial and commercial areas where the sediments can be employed as construction material or as plant-growing substrate (for ornamental gardens or vegetation beside roads).
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| 28. |
- Ferrans, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical extraction of trace elements from dredged sediments into a circular economy perspective : Case study on Malmfjärden Bay, south-eastern Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Resources, Environment and Sustainability. - : Elsevier. - 2666-9161. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worldwide, sediments are dredged from water bodies to guarantee proper water levels and remediate aquatic ecosystems. Dredged sediments contain metals that could interfere with recycling if the concentrations overpass permissible limits. Washing of elements from sediments represents a technique to decrease the concentration of metals, and it could introduce a new source of elements. The current study aimed to employ ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediamine-disuccinic acid (EDDS) and investigate the effect of operational parameters (concentration and pH) on the chemical extraction of metals from dredged sediments. Core sediments were extracted from sampling stations around Malmfjärden bay, Sweden. The results suggested that lead, zinc and copper were the elements with higher extraction rates, followed by arsenic and nickel. Chromium was poorly extracted. EDTA was more efficient than EDDS in dissolving the elements. Moreover, acidic conditions offered higher extraction rates for As using both chelators and for Pb employing EDTA. The 0.05 M concentration presented a higher mean extraction rate than 0.01 M for Cu, Cr and Ni for EDTA and EDDS. The findings in this study suggest that sediment washing is a promising technique to decrease metal concentrations in sediments and enhancing the feasibility to use the material for beneficial uses.
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| 29. |
- Ferrans, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical speciation of metals from marine sediments : assessment of potential pollution risk while dredging, a case study in southern Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 263:January, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contamination associated with metals is a critical concern related to their toxicity, persistence, and bio-accumulation. Trace elements are partitioned into several chemical forms, which some are more labile during fluctuations in the environment. Studying the distribution of metals between the different chemical fractions contributes to assess their bioavailability and to identify their potential risk of contamination to surrounding environments. This study concerns the speciation of metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Fe) from sediments coming out from Malmfjärden bay, Sweden. The aim was to assess the potential risk of metal pollution during present and future dredging as well as while using dredged sediments in beneficial uses. The Tessier speciation procedure was chosen, and the results showed that low concentrations of metals were associated with the exchangeable fraction. In contrast, the major concentrations were linked to the residual part. The risk indexes (contamination factor and risk assessment code) showed that, during dredging activities, there is a low concern of pollution for Cr, Ni and Fe and a medium risk for Pb and Zn. Additionally, in all elements, the sum of non-residual concentrations was below the Swedish limits for using dredged sediments in sensitive lands. The findings suggested that the investigated metals in Malmfjärden sediments are related to low risks of spreading during using in beneficial uses.
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| 30. |
- Ferrans, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Dredged sediments as a plant-growing substrate : Estimation of health risk index
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dredging of sediments is conducted worldwide to maintain harbours and water bodies. As a result, large amounts of materials generated require proper management and could have useful applications in a circular economy context. The current use of peat as organic material in cultivating plants requires urgent replacement by more sustainable alternatives. In this context, using nutrient-rich sediments generated by dredging could be an attractive option. However, due to contaminants in dredged sediments, more investigations are required. The present study investigated the potential to employ dredged material as a plant-growing substrate to cultivate lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The study employed compost and dredged sediments from Malmfj & auml;rden Bay, Sweden, with low and high nutritional content(LN and HN, respectively), with and without polymer (PO) used for dewatering. The tests were carried out under con-trolled conditions in a greenhouse, and the studied substrates were (% vol): (1) 100 % sediment (100S(HN)); (2) 50 %sediment +50 % compost (50S(LN)-50C); (3) 70 % sediment +30 % compost (70S(LN)-30C); (4) 50 % polymer sediment+50 % compost (50S(PO)-50C);and (5) 100 % compost (100C). Fertilisers were added to 50S(LN)-50Cand 70SLN-30C during the experiment. Lettuces with the highest weight were harvested from substrates 100C, 50S(PO)-50C and 50S(LN)-50C.However, the lettuces only reached a weight of 18.57 +/- 4.67 g. The results showed that a main limitation of the growth was probably a lack of aeration of the sediments during sampling and development of the experiment. The low aeration possibly caused a lack of available forms of N in the substrates, hindering the growth. Lettuces harvested from substrates containing sediments presented Cd concentrations slightly overpassing the Swedish thresholds, and the health risk index was marginally exceeding 1. Hence, sediments need to be pre-treated before using them to cultivate edible crops, or they could be employed to cultivate ornamental or bioenergy plants
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Ferrans, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Life Cycle Assessment of Management Scenarios for Dredged Sediments : Environmental Impacts Caused during Landfilling and Soil Conditioning
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:20, s. 13139-13139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The management of dredged sediments is a challenging issue since it involves the interconnection of complex economic, social, technical and environmental aspects. The EU LIFE SUREproject aimed to apply a more sustainable dredging technique to Malmfjärden Bay in Kalmar/Sweden(a shallow urban water body with a high content of nutrients) and, additionally, it involved beneficial uses for the dredged material, in line with the circular economy concept. To achieve this, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study was carried out to assess the potential environmental impacts associated with two scenarios: sediment landfilling (S1) and soil conditioning (S2). This LCA study also aimed to evaluate and compare the costs related to each scenario. S1 contemplated the construction and operation of the landfill for 100 years, including the collection and discharge of leachate and biogas. S2 included the use of sediments in soils and the avoidance of producing and using fertilisers. Results showed that (S2) soil conditioning (total impact: −6.4 PE) was the scenario with fewer environmental impacts and the best economic evaluation. The S2 scenario was mainly related to the positive environmental savings produced by reducing fertiliser consumption (which also avoided purchase costs). However, S2 was also linked to potential negative effects associated with eutrophication and toxicity categories of impacts due to the possible spread of nutrients and pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic environments. In order to mitigate this problem, the sediments could be pre-treated to reduce their risk of pollution. Moreover, the main impact of the landfilling scenario(S1, total impact: 1.6 PE) was the emission of global warming-contributing gases during the operation of the facility. Implementing the soil conditioning scenario was therefore recommended, in line with the aim of the LIFE SURE project. Finally, it was recommended that LCA studies should be applied more often in the future when selecting beneficial uses for dredged sediments. The decision-making process is facilitated when the positive and negative impacts produced by each handling option are considered.
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| 33. |
- Ferrans, Laura
(författare)
-
Sustainable management of dredged sediments : potential recovery of valuable compounds
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dredging of sediments occurs worldwide to increase water depth in harbours, bays, lakes and rivers, as well as to recover aquatic ecosystems. Landfilling and open-ocean discharge are traditional disposal routes for dredged material. However, the methods are restricted by environmental and legal concerns. Using dredged sediments for beneficial uses can contribute to implementing circular economies and avoiding traditional disposal methods. This thesis aimed to contribute to the sustainable management of dredged sediments by increasing the knowledge of the beneficial use of the material. The work focused on Malmfjärden bay, located in Kalmar, Sweden, which is currently shallow and presents a high concentration of nutrients. The LIFE SURE project aimed to dredge the bay and use the dredged material for beneficial purposes.The results from the thesis showed a high potential to use Malmfjärden sediments for beneficial uses. The first step involved the characterisation of sediments, which showed a medium-high content of N and P was also present. The main pollution concerns were As, Pb and Cd, since their contents overpassed the Swedish limits for sensitive uses. The speciation and extraction of elements were also performed to assess their risk of pollution. The results showed that the most labile elements were Zn and Pb, and both presented the highest extraction rates using EDTA and EDDS. The results showed that the chemical extraction of metals could contribute to treating metal-polluted sediments and become a mining technique. Further studies focused on the recovery of nutrients from the sediments. They were mixed with compost, and lettuce grew in different substrates. However, the plants prematurely stopped growing, possibly due to the lack of available forms of N. Moreover, the harvested lettuces overpassed permissible contents for Cd, slightly threatening human health. It was shown that dredging could provide nutrients to soils, but the risk of metal pollution should be assessed. Finally, a life cycle assessment was calculated to assess the environmental impacts associated with landfilling Malmfjärden sediments or using the material in soil conditioning. Both scenarios presented negative impacts on global warming, eutrophication and toxicity categories. However, soil conditioning showed the most positive score due to the environmental savings of avoiding the production and use of fertilisers.The thesis concludes by encouraging the performance of more interdisciplinary projects. This could combine the knowledge from several sectors to enhance the implementation of the beneficial use of dredged sediments.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Guerrero, Lilliana Abarca, et al.
(författare)
-
Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries
- 2013
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 33:1, s. 220-232
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid waste management is a challenge for the cities' authorities in developing countries mainly due to the increasing generation of waste, the burden posed on the municipal budget as a result of the high costs associated to its management, the lack of understanding over a diversity of factors that affect the different stages of waste management and linkages necessary to enable the entire handling system functioning. An analysis of literature on the work done and reported mainly in publications from 2005 to 2011, related to waste management in developing countries, showed that few articles give quantitative information. The analysis was conducted in two of the major scientific journals, Waste Management Journal and Waste Management and Research. The objective of this research was to determine the stakeholders' action/behavior that have a role in the waste management process and to analyze influential factors on the system, in more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents. A combination of methods was used in this study in order to assess the stakeholders and the factors influencing the performance of waste management in the cities. Data was collected from scientific literature, existing data bases, observations made during visits to urban areas, structured interviews with relevant professionals, exercises provided to participants in workshops and a questionnaire applied to stakeholders. Descriptive and inferential statistic methods were used to draw conclusions. The outcomes of the research are a comprehensive list of stakeholders that are relevant in the waste management systems and a set of factors that reveal the most important causes for the systems' failure. The information provided is very useful when planning, changing or implementing waste management systems in cities. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Hogland, William, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
An Evaluation of the Urban Stormwater Runoff Pollutant Removal Effieciency with a Focus on the Retention Time
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings Linnaeus Eco-Tech' 10 : [book of abstracts] : international conference on natural sciences and technologies for waste and wastewater treatment remediation emissions related to climate environmental and economic effects : the seventh International Conference on the Establishment of Cooperation between Companies and Institutions in the Nordic Countries, the Baltic Sea Region and the World. - Kalmar, Sweden : Linnaeus University.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Hogland, William, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Baltic Phytoremediation - soil remediation with plants
- 2020
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Ingår i: 17th International Youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum, ECOBALTICA. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project Baltic Phytoremediation (BAPR), an implementing project of the Interreg South programme, aims to raise cross-border awareness about the availability of green phytoremediation technologies to remove environmental pollutants from soil or water, such as oil, industry-related contaminants, hazardous substances, heavy and toxic metals, nutrients and microplastics, through new arenas of cooperation that focus on circular economy approach. Contamination of land and soil increases and is a serious concern around the Baltic Sea region but further worldwide. The most common remedial technologies for related to the clean-up of soil is excavation, removal and disposal to a contained landfill. Therefore, heavily contaminated soils in landfills, can in some instances, mixing with another disposal of hazardous materials. In the Kalmar, a region of south-eastern Sweden, on the Baltic Sea, the glass waste dumps are removed in such old fashion way with no contribution towards the Circular Economy. The best available remediation strategy is soil washing strategy, an ex-situ technology with a chemical additive application to remove contaminants from the soil and wastewater. Recently, many studies have been carried out encouragingly the phytoremediation processes in different plant species. For instances, food crops, sunflower and Indian mustard are considered as the best plants for phytoremediation, as they have a role in phytoextraction of heavy metals. Phytoremediation research has gained the interest of the scientific society and governments over the last two decades, leading to the development of urban greening and ecology national parks. Orrefors park is one of the largest innovative urban site parks in Sweden with ecologically, socially and economically sustainable way with phytoremediation. The present project aims to explore the combination of phytoextraction with biomass generation and commercial utilization as an energy source, using the ash (bio-ore) that increase energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. The project includes pilot cases using innovative plant-based phytoremediation methods that cleaning of the contaminated soil.
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| 40. |
- Hogland, William, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Baltic Smart Asset Management – data driven predictive maintenance methods for future
- 2020
-
Ingår i: XVII-th INTERNATIONAL YOUTH SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL BALTIC REGION COUNTRIES FORUM "ECOBALTICA". - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Interreg project Baltic Smart Asset Management focuses onDistrict Heating (DH) studies in the three Baltic countries Lithuania, Polandand Sweden. Some part of the grids in the member countries start to be oldand safe, secure and affordable energy supply most be delivered andreduction of CO2 emission is obvious though boilers are fed by gas, oil, coalsand solid wasted and renewable energy sources must be used instead. Thepaper gives some basic information about district heating system and howthe countries through a cross-border strategy will create awareness ofpreventive data driven maintenance methods energy companies based on theeducational purpose to decrease harmful emissions to environment. Astechnological methods has improved greatly in recent years these should begiven more consideration as a possible treatment option of DH instead ofchemicals which can have Environmental impact in the form of the influenceof metals and degradation of habitat, species etc. Involvement of associatedpartners and stakeholder in the work is of high importance in the project.
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| 41. |
- Hogland, William, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
From glass dump to phytoremediation park
- 2019
-
Ingår i: XVI-th International youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum 7–9 October 2019, Gdansk, Poland. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; , s. 1-4
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Landfill mining was introduced in research in Sweden for more than three and a half decades ago. During recent years, the focus has been on the glass dumps in the Kingdom of Crystal in southeastern Sweden. Mapping of the dumps, test pit excavations, sieving and sorting of the glass masses, characterization, laboratory extraction of the metals in the glass was performed as well as measurements of radioactivity done. The polluted soil underneath the removed glass masses was treated by remediation. At one of places at the Kingdom of Crystal a phytoremediation/tourist park was established in Orrefors including a summer glasswork for tourist activities.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Hogland, William, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sorting of wastewaters for urban and rural recycling and reuse
- 2019
-
Ingår i: XVI-th International youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum 7–9 October 2019, Gdansk, Poland. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; , s. 1-5
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drinking water of good quality, in enough quantity at right time start to be very scarce in the world. At the same time perfect drinking water is used to flushing toilet, cleansing of sewage pipes, washing of industry floors, firefighting, washing of cars and trucks etc. Also agriculture is suffering of lack of water for irrigation during dry periods and it is necessary to use drinking water or river/lake water of high quality to get rich harvest of good quality. In the future drinking water must just be used as food stuff and not wasted in the society. People must, since they are children, be trained to respect the drinking water and not waste a single drop. Also, storm water can be considered as a source of fresh water if it collected and recycled properly. Recycling/reuse of treated/reclaimed wastewater will help to mitigate part of the increasing water demands in the society and secondary water can be used in non-potable end paths such as agriculture, industry or even recharging water aquifers. Reclaimed/technical or recycled water for non-potable uses such as flushing toilets, irrigation and other uses will be very important in modern society in the future.
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| 44. |
- Hogland, William, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of triple helix in soil remediation projects
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - : International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM. ; , s. 305-312
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The protection of natural resources such as soil, water, and biodiversity are of greatest challenges in European Union Bioeconomy Strategy. According to the European Commission there are more than 2.5 million potentially contaminated sites and more than 0.3 million contaminated sites in Europe. Soil remediation is important and gentle technologies such as phytoremediation are more and more appropriate regarding new environmentally friendly actions paradigms. The aim of this research is to show successful Triple helix approach in soil remediation context. Interaction and cooperation among Triple helix actors in remediation projects in Southern Sweden has become a success story. Remedial actions in Triple helix approach are linked to aerial planning, environmental interests of society, economic growth and give bonus track – educational and environmental awareness value. According to the Triple helix concept the result can be achieved only in intersection area of actors: university-industry-government. This research was carried out within support of Swedish Institute projects PHYTECO and PECEC, as well as financial support of Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engeneering. © 2018, International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved.
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| 45. |
- Hogland, William, 1952-
(författare)
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Urbaniseringens inverkan på vattenmiljön
- 1987
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Ingår i: Geodata i Planlaegningen, Temahefter i Miljölaere, Literature for the Nordic Council of Ministers. - : Tapir Forlag. ; , s. 79-95
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of municipal solid waste temporary storage sites : Risks posed to surrounding areas as a consequence of fire incidents
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 33:11, s. 2296-2306
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study temporary storage sites of municipal solid waste were characterized based on their potential social, health and environmental impacts as a consequence of spontaneous fires, by employing Boolean as well as weighted-linear-combination approaches in connection with various fuzzy set functions of population density around the storage sites. Sweden was used as the case study and data from 105 storage sites were analysed; of these, 38 were identified to be posing high risk for downwind residing population. Furthermore, during the past 10 years, the fire frequency and the average population residing within a radius of 1, 2, and 3 km were found to be comparatively higher for storage sites owned by private ompanies than for those owned by municipalities. The study provided first-cut information of poorly sited temporary storage sites and can help in formalizing the comprehensive risk analysis in the future.
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| 48. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, et al.
(författare)
-
Combustion Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Bales
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 51:1, s. 109-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combustion behaviour of municipal solid waste bales is a rarely studied topic hitherto. However, there is dire need to devote research on the topic because baling as a storage methodology is getting popular among waste management companies and fire episodes in such storage sites can have devastating economic, environmental and social implications. In this study, thickness of low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic sheets (12 layers, 6 layers and no layer) and type of ignition source (pilot ignition, thermal radiation) were investigated to see their effect on combustion behaviour of bales. In total eleven tests with a single bale in each test were performed. It has been found that the bales not wrapped with LDPE plastic sheets may pose higher hazards for adjacently stored material to catch fire as the value of maximum heat release rate observed for them was higher than those wrapped with LDPE plastic sheets. Furthermore, it has been found that LDPE plastic wrapping do not contribute significantly to the combustion of bales when exposed only to thermal radiation from an adjacent fire. However, it plays a significant role in ignition of bales in case exposed to a pilot flame ignition source. Molten LDPE plastic trapped between the adjacently stored bales was found to be another important factor influencing the combustion of bales.
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| 49. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Mitigating the emissions released from spontaneous fires at biomass storages : A footstep towards sustainability
- 2015
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Ingår i: 23rd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Vienna, Austria, 1-4 June 2015. - 9788889407516 ; , s. 1550-1557
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fires at the material storages sites of manucipal and industrial sectors are a major environmental risk and have increased significantly. Toxic emissions released from such open fires have severe environmental and health consequences. Considering that it is not possible to install any unit operation to control the emissions released from such open fires, the possibilities to employ natural vegetation to act as a sink for aerosol particles released from open fires was investigated. A series of tests was conducted in a controlled wind tunnel environment. Smoke was generated in a smoke-aerosol generator and measurements of smoke concentrations upwind and downwind of “green filter packs” (vegetation filters) were made. Measurements involved laser-based particle counters, two-stage Nuclepore filter systems, and Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) techniques followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The main objective of the work was to illustrate ways to design experiments that can assist in the study of vegetation as “pollution screens”. Our observations and findings imply that several refinements to the experimental design will be needed, including with respect to methods for assessing the distribution of particle number and mass as a function of particle size.
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| 50. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, et al.
(författare)
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Organizing preliminary storage sites of organic material, waste fuels and recyclables and their separating distance from populated areas
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1438-4957 .- 1611-8227. ; 16:2, s. 270-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European Union directives have urged member countries to enhance the recycling and separation of waste fractions, and this has increased the number of temporary storage sites of recyclables and waste fuels. Spontaneous fires at temporary storage sites have become common and pose social/health/environmental risks. Storage sites should be sited sufficiently far from populated regions, so that the concentration of released pollutants from open fires falls below the critical air quality index before the plume reach the downwind population. In this study, the open-burn/ open-detonation model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency was employed, and 540 simulations were performed for nine scenarios of open burning of household waste to estimate suitable sizes of storage heaps and adequate distances between storage sites and populated regions. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed for 1,080 additional simulations to determine the effects of variations in the burn rate, storage dimension and volume of the waste heap on the model output. The resulting chart can be directly employed by waste operators/ environmental agencies to organize storage sites to minimize externalities due to open fires. Furthermore, using ArcGIS software, first-cut information of the total Swedish population facing the risk of hazards due to spontaneous fires was provided.
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