| 1. |
- Alexiadou, Nafsika, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing inclusion in competitive school systems : The cases of Sweden and England
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Research in Comparative and International Education. - London : Sage Publications. - 1745-4999. ; 11:1, s. 13-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last 40 years have seen great political attention paid to issues of inclusion in education, both from international organisations and also individual nations. This flexible concept has been adopted enthusiastically in education reforms concerned with increased standardisation of teaching and learning, decentralisation of education management, reduced teacher autonomy and marketisation of school systems. This paper draws from a research project that explores inclusion as part of the education transformations in England and Sweden. These two countries have been very different in their state governance and welfare regimes, but have been following similar directions of reform in their education systems. The paper evaluates the changing policy assumptions and values in relation to inclusion in the schooling changes of the last few decades, through an analysis of policy contexts and processes, and a presentation of selected empirical material from research in the two countries. We argue that, despite the similar dominant discourses of competition and marketisation, the two education systems draw on significantly different paradigms of operationalising inclusion, with distinct outcomes regarding equality.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Dahlstedt, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Systemet med fritt skolval måste bytas ut
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ökad segregation och deprofessionalisering av läraryrket är några av effekterna av det fria skolvalet. Nu krävs en grundlig utredning med siktet inställt på att hitta alternativ till nuvarande marknadssystem, skriver ett flertal forskare.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dam, Veerle, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of menopausal characteristics and risk of coronary heart disease : A pan-European case-cohort analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:4, s. 1275-1285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Earlier age at menopause has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the shape of association and role of established cardiovascular risk factors remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the associations between menopausal characteristics and CHD risk; the shape of the association between age at menopause and CHD risk; and the extent to which these associations are explained by established cardiovascular risk factors.Methods: We used data from EPIC-CVD, a case-cohort study, which includes data from 23 centres from 10 European countries. We included only women, of whom 10 880 comprise the randomly selected sub-cohort, supplemented with 4522 cases outside the sub-cohort. We conducted Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazards regressions with age as the underlying time scale, stratified by country and adjusted for relevant confounders.Results: After confounder and intermediate adjustment, post-menopausal women were not at higher CHD risk compared with pre-menopausal women. Among post-menopausal women, earlier menopause was linearly associated with higher CHD risk [HRconfounder and intermediate adjusted per-year decrease = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.03, p = 0.001]. Women with a surgical menopause were at higher risk of CHD compared with those with natural menopause (HRconfounder-adjusted = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.10-1.42, p < 0.001), but this attenuated after additional adjustment for age at menopause and intermediates (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.96-1.29, p = 0.15). A proportion of the association was explained by cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusions: Earlier and surgical menopause were associated with higher CHD risk. These associations could partially be explained by differences in conventional cardiovascular risk factors. These women might benefit from close monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors and disease.
|
|
| 5. |
- Dovemark, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Förortens skola - möjligheternas skola?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Utbildning och Lärande / Education and Learning. - Skövde : Högskolan i Skövde. - 2001-4554. ; 9:1, s. 62-78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loss of equivalence in Swedish education has been highlighted in both research and media. Arguably, one explanation for this is related to the free choice reform which has led to competition and homogenization of schools. In combination with peer effects and teachers’ different expectations this has led to a gap between schools in the way they adapt their marketing towards specific groups of students. Some students become more desirable than others. The polarization between “winners” and “losers” has thereby increased the importance of school selection with regards to learning outcomes and future educational life chances. This article focuses on students in Ash Public, a public upper secondary school located in a stigmatized immigrant suburb. The study is based on formal interviews, field interviews and observations, and contrary to its negative reputation, the school and its pedagogical practice were generally described in positive terms by the involved school actors. Teachers mentioned motivated and ambitious students and students described a school where they felt safe and included and where collaborative work was in focus. Ash Public proved to be a school for everyone except for “Swedes”.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dovemark, Marianne, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Förortens skola – Möjligheternas skola?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Utbildning & Lärande. - 2001-4554. ; 9:1, s. 62-78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loss of equivalence in Swedish education has been highlighted in both research and media. Arguably, one explanation for this is related to the free choice reform which has led to competition and homogenization of schools. In combination with peer effects and teachers’ different expectations this has led to a gap between schools in the way they adapt their marketing towards specific groups of students. Some students become more desirable than others. The polarization between “winners” and “losers” has thereby increased the importance of school selection with regards to learning outcomes and future educational life chances. This article focuses on students in Ash Public, a public upper secondary school located in a stigmatized immigrant suburb. The study is based on formal interviews, field interviews and observations, and contrary to its negative reputation, the school and its pedagogical practice were generally described in positive terms by the involved school actors. Teachers mentioned motivated and ambitious students and students described a school where they felt safe and included and where collaborativ
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Dovemark, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Pedagogic identities for sale! Inclusion and competition in two local upper secondary school markets in Sweden
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing use of ‘the private’ as a mean of delivery of public service, including several education reforms, such as decentralization, free school choice and a liberal tax-funded voucher system have paved the way for a rapid increase of upper secondary schools in Sweden. There is a strong competition between these schools. Today, half of all schools at the post 16-level are run by municipalities, while the rest is run by private owners, mainly organized as large school concerns. About 25% of all upper secondary students study at an independent school (Swedish National Agency for Education, 2012). As Bernstein stated already in 1996, the market relevance has become the key-orientating criterion for the selection of discourses. The ‘capitalisation’, which is making public schools into commodity producing enterprises (Rikowski, 2003) is now a fact. Furthermore the education market is no longer simply a matter of choice and competition, according to Ball (2004) it is a sophisticated system of goods, services, experiences and routes. In parallel with an increasing competition there is still political consensus in Sweden regarding the education’s mission of being socially compensatory and inclusive. However recent statistics and research highlight alarming results of increased segregation between municipalities, schools and between students (Swedish National Agency for Education, 2012; Östh, Andersson and Malmberg, 2012).
|
|
| 9. |
- Dovemark, Marianne, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Pedagogic identities for sale! Segregation and homogenization in Swedish upper secondary school
- 2017
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sociology of Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-5692 .- 1465-3346. ; 38:4, s. 518-532
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to illustrate how Swedish schools construct different pedagogic identities in the way they marketize themselves. We examine through a Bernsteinian lens how upper secondary schools promote themselves; what identities are being called for by the schools and how these identities are expressed. Moreover, the article intends to study how these identities are reflected in studied school actors and how they can be understood in relation to the labour market. We have analysed texts from various kinds of marketing materials, including websites and prospectuses of the schools. The empirical data also include interviews with various school actors. In addition, we attended and recorded observations at open houses and school fairs. Our findings indicate a strong differentiated market-oriented education system, mediated not only through distinctions in courses and programmes, but also through schools creating highly specific niches and targeting specific students as valuable commodities.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Dovemark, Marianne, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
The Swedish School market, Space and School Premises.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Paper presented at Oxford Ethnography and Education Conference, sept 15-17 Oxford..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last decades Sweden has undergone a remarkable change from having a highly state-regulated school system to developing one of the most liberal and deregulated systems in the world. Not least, the transformation is apparent in the education sector, where reforms such as the implementation of free school choice, a generous voucher system and publically funded free-schools have paved the way for a highly competitive school market (Erixon Arreman & Holm, 2011a, 2011b). These have often been referred to as policies for ‘edu-busi¬ness’ (Ball 2007, p. 67). The development is particularly apparent at the upper secondary school level, where a “boom” of new independent schools, so called free-schools has occurred. During the school year 2012/13, more than one fourth (26%) of all upper secondary education students attended free-schools. The role of education within society has always been important but the function of the school architecture in that process is less obvious. Cold (2002b) points out that the school building or rather school facilities is more than a school. However, according to Björklid (2005), the physical environment is scarcely regulated in the Swedish Education Act, curricula and other ordinances. The aim of this paper is to shed light on how the school architecture is redesigned to match the overall school reorganisation within the ‘boom’ of new independent schools. A comparison with the former conventional architecture is also made. In the current paper, we discuss the educational environment in terms of (i) locations, (ii) common areas such as assembly halls and canteens (iii) premises as classrooms and (iv) external recreation spaces and surroundings. The data of the paper is assembled in Bay City by means of observations and interviews at open houses and upper secondary fairs. In addition text-analysis were carried out by reading upper secondary schools’ different marketing materials with focus on their descriptions of their premises. Our first tentative findings show a wide difference between the locations and the architecture among the schools. A conspicuous pattern is that a large number of independent schools use premises that are not built for education, such as former offices etc. The architecture allows certain kinds of pedagogical activities. The lack of access to common areas has reduced in-school opportunities for physical activity and healthful eating in favour of fast-food restaurants.
|
|
| 13. |
- Eliassen, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Emplacing reablement co-creating an outdoor recreation model in the rural Arctic
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 82:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reablement aims to enable older persons with functional decline to re-engage in meaningful activities. The benefits of engagement in outdoor activities are significant; however, reablement services primarily target function in indoor environments whereas descriptions of outdoor activities are sparse. The aim of this study was to create a model that integrates outdoor recreation into reablement. We therefore elaborated on an experienced based co-design methodology to create a model that integrates outdoor recreation for older persons in reablement in an Arctic, rural context in northern Norway. Stakeholders (N = 35), including reablement participants, participated in workshops, focus groups, and individual interviews. Based on the results, we co-created a person-centred model for outdoor recreation in reablement, including an assessment tool that can guide reablement staff in goal-setting practices. Accordingly, we argue that cherished locations holds significant meaning in the lives of older people and warrant recognition in reablement programmes. There is a need to evaluate the effects and feasibility of the model and the possibility for its implementation in other health care settings.
|
|
| 14. |
- Erixon Arreman, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Teachers' professional work and identities.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Paper presented at EERA conference, Porto, 2-5 September, 2014..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 15. |
- Girousse, Amandine, et al.
(författare)
-
Partial Inhibition of Adipose Tissue Lipolysis Improves Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity Without Alteration of Fat Mass
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1545-7885. ; 11:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When energy is needed, white adipose tissue (WAT) provides fatty acids (FAs) for use in peripheral tissues via stimulation of fat cell lipolysis. FAs have been postulated to play a critical role in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance, a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, whether and how chronic inhibition of fat mobilization from WAT modulates insulin sensitivity remains elusive. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) participates in the breakdown of WAT triacylglycerol into FAs. HSL haploinsufficiency and treatment with a HSL inhibitor resulted in improvement of insulin tolerance without impact on body weight, fat mass, and WAT inflammation in high-fat-diet-fed mice. In vivo palmitate turnover analysis revealed that blunted lipolytic capacity is associated with diminution in FA uptake and storage in peripheral tissues of obese HSL haploinsufficient mice. The reduction in FA turnover was accompanied by an improvement of glucose metabolism with a shift in respiratory quotient, increase of glucose uptake in WAT and skeletal muscle, and enhancement of de novo lipogenesis and insulin signalling in liver. In human adipocytes, HSL gene silencing led to improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, resulting in increased de novo lipogenesis and activation of cognate gene expression. In clinical studies, WAT lipolytic rate was positively and negatively correlated with indexes of insulin resistance and WAT de novo lipogenesis gene expression, respectively. In obese individuals, chronic inhibition of lipolysis resulted in induction of WAT de novo lipogenesis gene expression. Thus, reduction in WAT lipolysis reshapes FA fluxes without increase of fat mass and improves glucose metabolism through cell-autonomous induction of fat cell de novo lipogenesis, which contributes to improved insulin sensitivity.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Helakorpi, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Positions of newly arrived students in Nordic education policies and practices
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nordic Studies in Education. - 1891-5914 .- 1891-5949. ; 43:2, s. 111-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to investigate how Nordic countries – exemplified by Denmark, Finland, and Sweden – govern the education and inclusion of newly arrived students. Approaching this through policy as text and practice, we identify the subject positions of the newly arrived students. Our research data consist of national policy documents, legislation, and evaluation reports on the education of newly arrived students, which we compare and analyse. We conclude that newly arrived students are subject to underachievement, bullying, discrimination, and at risk of not continuing their education. Despite all good intentions the Nordic policies do not seem to include all students.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Holm, Ann-Sofie, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
School Choice, We-Ness and School Culture
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Stefan, Lund (ed.) Immigrant Incorporation, Education and the Boundaries of Belonging. - Cham, Spitzerland : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030367282 ; , s. 17-40
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Holm, Marianne Saetrang, et al.
(författare)
-
The patient experience of in-hospital telemetry monitoring : a qualitative analysis
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 23:3, s. 258-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims In-hospital telemetry monitoring has been an integrated part of arrhythmia monitoring for decades. A substantial proportion of patients require arrhythmia monitoring during stays in non-intensive care units. However, studies exploring patients' experiences of telemetry monitoring are scarce. Therefore, the aim was to explore and describe patients' experiences of in-hospital telemetry monitoring in a non-intensive care setting.Methods and results Twenty face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Interviews were conducted before discharge at two university hospitals in Norway. The patients were purposively sampled, resulting in a well-balanced population comprising 11 men and nine women, mean age 62 years (range 25-83). Average monitoring time was 9 days (range 3-14). Data were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and coded using NVivo software. Qualitative content analysis using an inductive approach was performed. Patients expressed a need for individualized information during telemetry monitoring. Their feelings of safety were related to responses from nurses from the central monitoring station when alarms from the telemetry were triggered. Despite perceived physical restrictions and psychological limitations associated with telemetry monitoring, they found monitoring to be beneficial because it facilitated the diagnosis of arrhythmia. Moreover, they expressed a need for improvements in wearable monitoring equipment. Patients expressed ambivalent feelings about discontinuing the telemetry and their readiness for discharge.Conclusion Patients need individualized information about the results of their telemetry monitoring in order to better understand the arrhythmia management and to increase their experience of safety after discharge. The limitations patients experienced should be taken into consideration in further upgrades of telemetry monitoring equipment.
|
|
| 22. |
- Ivarsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Putative fossilized fungi from the lithified volcaniclastic apron of Gran Canaria, Spain
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Astrobiology. - New Rochelle, NY : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.. - 1531-1074 .- 1557-8070. ; 11:7, s. 633-650
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the discovery of fossilized filamentous structures in samples of the lithified, volcaniclastic apron of Gran Canaria, which were obtained during Leg 157 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). These filamentous structures are 2–15 μm in diameter and several hundred micrometers in length and are composed of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Ti, and C. Chitin was detected in the filamentous structures by staining with wheat germ agglutinin dye conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (WGA-FITC), which suggests that they are fossilized fungal hyphae. The further elucidation of typical filamentous fungal morphological features, such as septa, hyphal bridges, and anastomosis and their respective sizes, support this interpretation. Characteristic structures that we interpreted as fossilized spores were also observed in association with the putative hyphae. The fungal hyphae were found in pyroxene phenocrysts and in siderite pseudomorphs of a basalt breccia. The fungal colonization of the basalt clasts occurred after the brecciation but prior to the final emplacement and lithification of the sediment at 16–14 Ma. The siderite appears to have been partially dissolved by the presence of fungal hyphae, and the fungi preferentially colonized Fe-rich carbonates over Fe-poor carbonates (aragonite). Our findings indicate that fungi may be an important geobiological agent in subseafloor environments and an important component of the deep subseafloor biosphere, and that hydrothermal environments associated with volcanism can support a diverse ecosystem, including eukaryotes.
|
|
| 23. |
- Jonsson, Inger M., 1953-
(författare)
-
Family meal experiences : perspectives on practical knowledge, learning and culture
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four studies reflecting information and education on food and meals at different levels of society. The educational efforts are directed towards everyday family practices. The overall aim of this thesis, therefore, was to obtain a grasp of the way children and families think of food and meals in a cultural perspective, in order to understand the areas where food information and education appears to take root. Further, the thesis aims to study the potential of tasting lessons as an educational tool in compulsory school. The methods used were qualitative:repeated focus groups with immigrant women from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Somalia, focus groups with pupils and school staaf, and telephone interviews with school heads. Further it were semi-structured life world interviews and groupinterviews with Swedish children and their families. The analytical methods were based on grounded theory, and systematic and reflexive analysis. The results generated a model showing immigrant women struggling for their cultural identity, oscillating between remining Somalian and becoming part of Swedish society in their food and meal choices. The Swedish families described coping with the past and the present, and their children the different food and taste worlds at school and at home. The study of an educational tool for educationused in the fifth class at compulsory school showed both pupils and staff were prepared to be exposed to new tastes and new educational work and co-operation at school. In conclusion, the studies showed the imortance of culture for family identity, aswell as ideas and practices whithin family meal experiences in both immigrant and Swedish families. Further, an educational tool using children's senses might be a valuable practical contribution in food education. Neither food and meal information nor education and learning should, therefore, be separated from their practical and cultural components. Such factors should be taken into account in official guidelines for applied learning.
|
|
| 24. |
- Juva, Ina, et al.
(författare)
-
He failed to find his place in this school” – Re-examining the role of teachers in bullying in a Finnish comprehensive school
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ethnography and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-7823 .- 1745-7831. ; 15:1, s. 79-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bullying has been conceptualised as a phenomenon that focuses mainly on individuals and individual behaviour. We seek to broaden the discussion on bullying by describing and defining how teachers participate in and/or enable bullying, and to thus expand the notion of bullying as individual behaviour to include actors, norms and processes. This study is based on ethnographic observation and interview data that were gathered in 2013–2016 in one high school in the metropolitan area of Finland. We found that teachers ignored and excluded a student who was labelled ‘not-normal’. We use the concept of recognition and redefine it according to the context of bullying, and state that the individual in our study was not recognised as a student because he broke the norms of the school and was thus excluded. We suggest that bullying should be seen as a structural issue and should not be limited to individuals’ behaviour.
|
|
| 25. |
- Juva, Ina, et al.
(författare)
-
‘He failed to find his place in this school’ – re-examining the role of teachers in bullying in a Finnish comprehensive school.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ECER 2018, Bolzano, Italy.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bullying has been conceptualised as a phenomenon that focuses mainly on individuals and individual behaviour. We seek to broaden the discussion on bullying by describing and defining how teachers participate in and/or enable bullying, and to thus expand the notion of bullying as individual behaviour to include actors, norms and processes. This study is based on ethnographic observation and interview data that were gathered in 2013–2016 in one high school in the metropolitan area of Finland. We found that teachers ignored and excluded a student who was labelled ‘not-normal’. We use the concept of recognition and redefine it according to the context of bullying, and state that the individual in our study was not recognised as a student because he broke the norms of the school and was thus excluded. We suggest that bullying should be seen as a structural issue and should not be limited to individuals’ behaviour.
|
|
| 26. |
- Kjærnes, U, et al.
(författare)
-
The study of Nordic meals : lessons learnt
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Meals in science and practice. - Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press. - 9781439801062 - 9781845694036 ; , s. 69-90
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Lonnebotn, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Late Breaking Abstract - Associations of fathers and their offsprings weight gain with non-allergic asthma
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: We found that a father’s overweight in puberty was associated with non-allergic asthma in his future offspring.Aim: We explored the associations of both fathers and their offsprings own weight gain throughout the lifespan with offspring non-allergic asthma.Methods: We analysed questionnaire data from 3018 adult offspring (age 18-50) and their 2153 fathers (age 39-66) participating in the RHINESSA/RHINE generation study in 10 ECRHS centres in North Europe, Spain and Australia. The associations of fathers' and their offsprings weight gain was assessed by 9 body silhouettes (from lean to fat) self-reported for childhood, puberty and adult ages with non-allergic asthma in the offspring. It was analysed using a logistic regression model adjusted for parents and offspring variables, and cluster by family.Results: Non-allergic asthma was related to a weight gain of ≥2 body silhouettes from 8 years to puberty, both for fathers’ weight gain (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.05-2.72; adjusted for fathers asthma, offspring body mass index, smoking and education) and for their offspring weight gain (1.77 [1.12-2.79], adjusted for parents´ education, smoking and asthma, and fathers´ weight gain from age 8 to puberty). If the father was overweight at puberty, in addition to having gained weight, non-allergic asthma in the offspring was more than tripled (3.53[1.80-6.94]; weight gain and adjustment as given above). No effect of weight gain from puberty or within adulthood in fathers’ or their offspring was observed.Conclusion: Non-allergic asthma was associated with weight gain from childhood to puberty. This was found both for personal weight gain and for having a father who gained weight.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Lønnebotn, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Body silhouettes as a tool to reflect obesity in the past
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life course data on obesity may enrich the quality of epidemiologic studies analysing health consequences of obesity. However, achieving such data may require substantial resources. We investigated the use of body silhouettes in adults as a tool to reflect obesity in the past. We used large population-based samples to analyse to what extent self-reported body silhouettes correlated with the previously measured (9-23 years) body mass index (BMI) from both measured (European Community Respiratory Health Survey, N = 3 041) and selfreported (Respiratory Health In Northern Europe study, N = 3 410) height and weight. We calculated Spearman correlation between BMI and body silhouettes and ROC-curve analyses for identifying obesity (BMI >= 30) at ages 30 and 45 years. Spearman correlations between measured BMI age 30 (+/- 2y) or 45 (+/- 2y) and body silhouettes in women and men were between 0.62-0.66 and correlations for self-reported BMI were between 0.58-0.70. The area under the curve for identification of obesity at age 30 using body silhouettes vs previously measured BMI at age 30 (+/- 2y) was 0.92 (95% CI 0.87, 0.97) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.75, 0.95) in women and men, respectively; for previously self-reported BMI, 0.92 (95% CI 0.88, 0.95) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.85, 0.96). Our study suggests that body silhouettes are a useful epidemiological tool, enabling retrospective differentiation of obesity and non-obesity in adult women and men.
|
|
| 32. |
- Lønnebotn, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Polycystic ovary syndrome, body mass index and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Pregnancy Hypertension. - : Elsevier. - 2210-7789 .- 2210-7797. ; 11, s. 32-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Some studies of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) report increased prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, while others do not. Several of these studies do not control for obesity. We aimed to study whether PCOS is associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and whether it is dependent on body mass index (BMI).Study design: We present a cross-sectional analysis of 3732 women from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, born in 1945-72, who participated in the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study and answered an extensive women's health questionnaire on menstruation, PCOS, infertility, pregnancy history and childbirth. The main outcome measurement was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We adjusted for smoking, age, infertility treatment and study center. Effect modification by BMI was assessed.Results: PCOS was related to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with a relative risk (RR) of 1.62 (95% CI 1.09-2.42). This relationship was found among underweight women with a BMI of <18.5 kg/m(2) [RR=5.2 (95% CI 1.66-16.5)] and obese women with a BMI of >= 30 kg/m(2) [RR=2.36 (95% CI 1.29-4.31)], but not among normal-weight women, BMI 18.5-25 kg/m(2) [1.08 (0.53-2.20)], or overweight women, BMI 25-30 kg/m(2) [1.24 (0.50-3.08)] (p-interaction=0.041).Conclusion: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. This association only occurs among underweight and obese women and not among normal-weight and slightly overweight women.
|
|
| 33. |
- Memedi, Mevludin, PhD, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensor-based Measurement of Nociceptive Pain : An Exploratory Study with Healthy Subjects
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030991937 - 9783030991944 ; , s. 88-95
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Valid assessment of pain is essential in daily clinical practice to enhance the quality of care for the patients and to avoid the risk of addiction to strong analgesics. The aim of this paper is to find a method for objective and quantitative evaluation of pain using multiple physiological markers. Data was obtained from healthy volunteers exposed to thermal and ischemic stimuli. Twelve subjects were recruited and their physiological data including skin conductance, heart rate, and skin temperature were collected via a wrist-worn sensor together with their selfreported pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Statistically significant differences (p< 0.01) were found between physiological scores obtained with the wearable sensor before and during the thermal test. Test-retest reliability of sensor-based measures was good during the thermal test with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.22 to 0.89. These results support the idea that a multi-sensor wearable device can objectively measure physiological reactions in the subjects due to experimentally induced pain, which could be used for daily clinical practice and as an endpoint in clinical studies. Nevertheless, the results indicate a need for further investigation of the method in real-life pain settings.
|
|
| 34. |
- Nilsson, Frida, 1963-
(författare)
-
Creating spaces for action. ANC-women politicians' views on bridewealth and gender-related power.
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first aim of this work has been to analyse and understand the ways in which a group of ANC-women politicians reason about bridewealth/lobola – an institution about which they express differing views, in particular about whether or not it is oppressive to women. The main body of the empirical material is based on 27 interviews conducted in South Africa in the period 1996-1998. One finding of the study is that there are explicit defining discourses on lobola as well as more implicitly expressed understandings. The explicit discourses make a distinction between ’good lobola’ – which is expressed in a family-related discourse as ’a bond between families’ – and ’bad lobola’ which is expressed in, for instance, an economic discourse about ’the purchase of women’. The family-related discourse is interpreted as part of a discursive strategy to create spaces for action with respect to relations of gender-related power. (Re)definitions of lobola may be used not only to counter men’s abuse of monetary lobola but also to counter ’traditional’ gender meanings associated with lobola. Furthermore, explicit discourses on lobola are interpreted as a ‘political discourse’ which is formed both in relation to pragmatic ‘political realities’ but also in relation to hegemonic Western discourses. The political discourse on lobola in connection with ‘African identity’ constitutes a discursive strategy to provide discursive space in order for ’Africans’ to be able to (re)interpret a cherished but also controversial institution. A second aim of the study has been of a self-reflexive character. It consitutes a critique of a ‘doing gender’ theoretical perspective as well as an attempt to transcend the ‘actor/structure dichotomy’ in sociological analysis.
|
|
| 35. |
- Pipping Ekström, Marianne, 1934, et al.
(författare)
-
Who is cooking dinner? : Changes in the gendering of cooking from 1997 to 2012 in four nordic countries
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Food, Culture, and Society: an international journal of multidisciplinary research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1552-8014 .- 1751-7443. ; 18:4, s. 589-610
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze how the gendered division of cooking activities has changed in Nordic households over the period 1997–2012. Historically, food preparation and household cooking have been assigned to women, and cooking has been linked to female gender roles and identity. However, with women's increasing participation in the workforce, men have increased their contribution to household work and the gendering of food work is changing. Little is known about changes in how household cooking is gendered, and to what degree changes take place only in some population groups or in the wider population. We analyze developments in the gendering of cooking dinners in multi-person households. The analysis is based on two surveys from a project investigating changes in meal patterns in the Nordic countries. Individuals from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden were interviewed in 1997 (n = 4823) and 2012 (n = 8242) based on almost identical questionnaires centering on the previous day’s eating as reported by the individuals: this included foods eaten, the social context of its consumption and details of who had prepared the food. We make use of a sub-sample encompassing respondents from two-adult households who ate dinner at home (n = 1268 in 1997, and n = 2754 in 2012). Our analysis shows that men’s cooking has increased and women’s has decreased over the time period studied. However, the pace of this development has varied within social classes. While especially men from the middle class were already cooking in 1997, the cooking activity among men from the working class and the upper classes increased considerably from 1997 to 2012, so that by 2012, they had caught up with middle-class men.
|
|
| 36. |
- Vogt, Elinor Chelsom, et al.
(författare)
-
Premature menopause and autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency in two international multi-center cohorts
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Endocrine Connections. - : Bioscientifica. - 2049-3614. ; 11:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate markers of premature menopause (<40 years) and specifically the prevalence of autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in European women.Design: Postmenopausal women were categorized according to age at menopause and self-reported reason for menopause in a cross-sectional analysis of 6870 women.Methods: Variables associated with the timing of menopause and hormone measurements of 17β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone were explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Specific immunoprecipitating assays of steroidogenic autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), side-chain cleavage enzyme (anti-SCC) and 17alpha-hydroxylase (17 OH), as well as NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 were used to identify women with likely autoimmune POI.Results: Premature menopause was identified in 2.8% of women, and these women had higher frequencies of nulliparity (37.4% vs 19.7%), obesity (28.7% vs 21.4%), osteoporosis (17.1% vs 11.6%), hormone replacement therapy (59.1% vs 36.9%) and never smokers (60.1% vs 50.9%) (P < 0.05), compared to women with menopause ≥40 years. Iatrogenic causes were found in 91 (47%) and non-ovarian causes in 27 (14%) women, while 77 (39%) women were classified as POI of unknown cause, resulting in a 1.1% prevalence of idiopathic POI. After adjustments nulliparity was the only variable significantly associated with POI (odds ratio 2.46; 95% CI 1.63-3.42). Based on the presence of autoantibodies against 21 OH and SCC, 4.5% of POI cases were of likely autoimmune origin.Conclusion: Idiopathic POI affects 1.1% of all women and almost half of the women with premature menopause. Autoimmunity explains 4.5% of these cases judged by positive steroidogenic autoantibodies.
|
|
| 37. |
- Wibroe, Morten, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebellar mutism syndrome in children with brain tumours of the posterior fossa
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2407. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Central nervous system tumours constitute 25% of all childhood cancers; more than half are located in the posterior fossa and surgery is usually part of therapy. One of the most disabling late effects of posterior fossa tumour surgery is the cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) which has been reported in up to 39% of the patients but the exact incidence is uncertain since milder cases may be unrecognized. Recovery is usually incomplete. Reported risk factors are tumour type, midline location and brainstem involvement, but the exact aetiology, surgical and other risk factors, the clinical course and strategies for prevention and treatment are yet to be determined.Methods: This observational, prospective, multicentre study will include 500 children with posterior fossa tumours. It opened late 2014 with participation from 20 Nordic and Baltic centres. From 2016, five British centres and four Dutch centres will join with a total annual accrual of 130 patients. Three other major European centres are invited to join from 2016/17. Follow-up will run for 12 months after inclusion of the last patient. All patients are treated according to local practice. Clinical data are collected through standardized online registration at pre-determined time points pre- and postoperatively. Neurological status and speech functions are examined pre- operatively and postoperatively at 1-4 weeks, 2 and 12 months. Pre- and postoperative speech samples are recorded and analysed. Imaging will be reviewed centrally. Pathology is classified according to the 2007 WHO system. Germline DNA will be collected from all patients for associations between CMS characteristics and host genome variants including pathway profiles.Discussion: Through prospective and detailed collection of information on 1) differences in incidence and clinical course of CMS for different patient and tumour characteristics, 2) standardized surgical data and their association with CMS, 3) diversities and results of other therapeutic interventions, and 4) the role of host genome variants, we aim to achieve a better understanding of risk factors for and the clinical course of CMS - with the ultimate goal of defining strategies for prevention and treatment of this severely disabling condition.
|
|
