| 1. |
- André, Benny
(författare)
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Nanocomposites for Use in Sliding Electrical Contacts
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis nanocomposite materials for use in high performance electrical contacts are tested. Self mating silver as coatings on cupper substrates are the most used material combination in power connectors today. In this work two new concepts were tested. The first one was to change one of the mating surfaces to a hard thin coating and keep the other surface made of silver. Tested coatings were nanocomposites with hard carbides in a matrix of amorphous carbon. TiC/a-C and Ti-Ni-C/a-C were tested both electrically and tribologically. The total amount of carbon and the amount of carbon matrix was important, both for the electrical and the tribological properties. The Ti-Ni-C coating also showed that substituting Ti in TiC with the weak carbide former Ni changed the stability of the carbides. The substitution resulted in more a-C matrix and less C in the carbides. Thin coatings of nc-TiC/a-C and Ti-Ni-C/a-C showed high potential as material candidates for use in electrical contacts. The other tested concept was to modify the used silver instead of replacing it. This was done by embedding nanoparticles of solid lubricant IF-WS2 in the silver. The results from reciprocating sliding displayed low friction and high wear resistance. The modified silver surfaces lasted for 8000 strokes with a friction of about 0.3 while at the same time allowing for a low contact resistance. The results for surfaces of pure silver coating displayed a friction of 0.8-1.2 and that the silver was worn through already after 300 strokes. A new method to investigate inherent hardness and residual stress of thin coatings, on complex geometries or in small areas, was also developed. An ion beam was used to create stress free coating as free standing micro pillars. Hardness measured on the pillars and on as-deposited coating were then used to calculate the residual stress in the coatings.
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| 2. |
- Arnaiz, Aitor, et al.
(författare)
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A New Integrated E-maintenance Concept
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: E-maintenance. - London : Springer. - 9781849962049 - 9781849962056 ; , s. 61-82
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter outlines the work done in Dynamite project (http://DYNAMITE.vtt.fi), as well as the resulting concept nicknamed as DynaWeb. DynaWeb represents the link between Dynamite and the e-maintenance technologies described in previous chapters and results in a global framework where all technologies can participate within an advanced maintenance solution.This chapter serves as an introduction to the rest of the chapters dealing with specific technologies that have been converted into ‘capabilities’, such as intelligent sensors, wireless communications, intelligent web services or smart PDAs, as well as to the final demonstrations
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| 3. |
- Beral, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
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The number of women who would need to be screened regularly by mammography to prevent one death from breast cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of medical screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 1475-5793 .- 0969-1413. ; 18:4, s. 210-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of women who would need to be screened regularly by mammography to prevent one death from breast cancer depends strongly on several factors, including the age at which regular screening starts, the period over which it continues, and the duration of follow-up after screening. Furthermore, more women would need to be INVITED for screening than would need to be SCREENED to prevent one death, since not all women invited attend for screening or are screened regularly. Failure to consider these important factors accounts for many of the major discrepancies between different published estimates. The randomised evidence indicates that, in high income countries, around one breast cancer death would be prevented in the long term for every 400 women aged 50-70 years regularly screened over a ten-year period.
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| 4. |
- Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in pollen sensitization in Swedish adults and protective effect of keeping animals in childhood
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 46:10, s. 1328-1336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To date, most studies of the "allergy epidemic" have been based on self-reported data. There is still limited knowledge on time trends in allergic sensitization, especially among adults.OBJECTIVE: To study allergic sensitization, its risk factors, and time trends in prevalence.METHODS: Within West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS) a population-based sample of 788 adults (17-60y) underwent skin prick tests (SPT) for 11 aeroallergens 2009-2012. Specific IgE was analyzed in 750 of the participants. Those aged 20-46y (n=379) were compared with the European Community Respiratory Health Survey sample aged 20-46y from the same area (n=591) in 1991-1992.RESULTS: Among those aged 20-46y the prevalence of positive SPT to pollen increased; timothy from 17.1% to 29.0% (p<0.001) and birch from 15.6% to 23.7% (p=0.002) between 1991-1992 and 2009-2012. Measurements of specific IgE confirmed these increases. Prevalence of sensitization to all other tested allergens was unchanged. In the full WSAS sample aged 17-60y any positive SPT was seen in 41.9%, and the dominating sensitizers were pollen (34.3%), animals (22.8%) and mites (12.6%). Pollen sensitization was strongly associated with rhinitis, whereas indoor allergens were more associated with asthma. Growing up with livestock or furred pets decreased the risk of sensitization, adjusted odds ratio 0.53 (0.28-0.995) and 0.68 (0.47-0.98) respectively.CONCLUSION: Pollen sensitization has increased in Swedish adults since the early 1990's, while the prevalence of sensitization to other allergens has remained unchanged. This is one plausible explanation for the increase in rhinitis 1990-2008 in Swedish adults, during which time the prevalence of asthma, which is more associated with perennial allergens, was stable. Contact with animals in childhood seems to reduce the risk of sensitization well into adulthood. One major factor contributing to the rise in pollen allergy is a significant increase in levels of birch and grass pollen over the past three decades.
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| 5. |
- Bohman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Heredity of nasal polyps.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 53:1, s. 25-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nasal polyps is a common disease but little is known about its` pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that there are genetic factors involved in the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine close relatives of patients with nasal polyps and comparing them with a general population with regard to prevalence of polyps.
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| 6. |
- Bohman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Heredity of nasal polyps
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 53:1, s. 25-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nasal polyps is a common disease but little is known about its' pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that there are genetic factors involved in the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine close relatives of patients with nasal polyps and comparing them with a general population with regard to prevalence of polyps. Methodology: Patients with nasal polyps who attended the clinic were recruited to the study and were asked whether they had any close adult relatives (siblings, parents or children). We intended to recruit two relatives per patient, one of each gender, for nasal endoscopy. The prevalence of nasal polyps in these relatives was compared with the prevalence of nasal polyps in a general population. Results: During a 4-year period, 368 patients and 410 relatives were recruited to the study. Although we were unable to recruit two close relatives for every patient, we were able to calculate nasal polyp prevalence within families as being 19.2%. Compared with the prevalence of nasal polyps among individuals in a general Swedish population from the same geographical area, the relative risk for polyps among relatives was almost five times higher. Conclusion: This study strongly indicates that heredity is a factor of importance for development of nasal polyps.
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| 7. |
- Bohman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Relative frequencies of symptoms and risk factors among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using a case-control study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 138:1, s. 46-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relative frequency of important symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), the link between CRSwNP and the lower airways and the importance of smoking in CRSwNP.Method: Three hundred and sixty-eight patients with CRSwNP and 1349 controls were recruited to the study and underwent a structured interview about symptoms from the upper and lower airways, and about smoking habits. Furthermore, all participants were clinically examined using nasal endoscopy.Results: Due to interactions between the outcome variables, a multiple logistic regression model was fitted to the data. Nasal secretions, nasal blockage and impaired sense of smell were symptoms associated with CRSwNP. Furthermore, male gender, increasing age and asthma were also associated with the disease. Current smoking was less frequent among patients with CRSwNP.Conclusion: By comparing symptoms and risk factors of patients with CRSwNP with those of a large population-based control group and testing them in a multiple logistic regression model, we have been able to generate data that address key research interests in CRSwNP.
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| 8. |
- Collins, Ruairi, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical discrimination between selenium and sulfur 1 : a single residue provides selenium specificity to human selenocysteine lyase
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS One. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 1932-6203.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selenium and sulfur are two closely related basic elements utilized in nature for a vast array of biochemical reactions. While toxic at higher concentrations, selenium is an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the selenium analogue of cysteine (Cys). Sec lyases (SCLs) and Cys desulfurases (CDs) catalyze the removal of selenium or sulfur from Sec or Cys and generally act on both substrates. In contrast, human SCL (hSCL) is specific for Sec although the only difference between Sec and Cys is the identity of a single atom. The chemical basis of this selenium-over-sulfur discrimination is not understood. Here we describe the X-ray crystal structure of hSCL and identify Asp146 as the key residue that provides the Sec specificity. A D146K variant resulted in loss of Sec specificity and appearance of CD activity. A dynamic active site segment also provides the structural prerequisites for direct product delivery of selenide produced by Sec cleavage, thus avoiding release of reactive selenide species into the cell. We thus here define a molecular determinant for enzymatic specificity discrimination between a single selenium versus sulfur atom, elements with very similar chemical properties. Our findings thus provide molecular insights into a key level of control in human selenium and selenoprotein turnover and metabolism.
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| 9. |
- Cornell, Robert F, et al.
(författare)
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Maintenance versus Induction Therapy Choice on Outcomes after Autologous Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 23:2, s. 269-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bortezomib (V), lenalidomide (R), cyclophosphamide (C), and dexamethasone (D) are components of the most commonly used modern doublet (RD, VD) or triplet (VRD, CVD) initial induction regimens before autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for multiple myeloma (MM) in the United States. In this study we evaluated 693 patients receiving "upfront" AHCT after initial induction therapy with modern doublet or triplet regimens using data reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research from 2008 to 2013. Analysis was limited to those receiving a single AHCT after 1 line of induction therapy within 12 months from treatment initiation for MM. In multivariate analysis, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were similar irrespective of induction regimen. However, high-risk cytogenetics and nonreceipt of post-transplant maintenance/consolidation therapy were associated with higher risk of relapse. Patients receiving post-transplant therapy had significantly improved 3-year PFS versus no post-transplant therapy (55% versus 39%, P = .0001). This benefit was most evident in patients not achieving at least a complete response post-AHCT (P = .005). In patients receiving upfront AHCT, the choice of induction regimen (doublet or triplet therapies) appears to be of lower impact than use of post-transplant therapy.
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| 10. |
- Dhakal, Binod, et al.
(författare)
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Hematopoietic cell transplantation utilization and outcomes for primary plasma cell leukemia in the current era
- 2020
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 34:12, s. 3338-3347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outcomes of patients with primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) after undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in the novel agent era are unknown. We report outcomes of 348 patients with pPCL receiving autologous (auto-) HCT (n = 277) and allogeneic (allo-) HCT (n = 71) between 2008 and 2015. Median age was 60 years and 56 years for auto- and allo-HCT respectively. For auto-HCT, the 4-year outcomes were: non-relapse mortality (NRM) 7% (4-11%), relapse (REL) 76% (69-82%), progression-free survival (PFS) 17% (13-23%), and overall survival (OS) 28% (22-35%). Karnofsky performance status (KPS) > 90 and >= very good partial response (VGPR) predicted superior OS in multi-variate analysis for auto-HCT. For allo-HCT, the 4-year outcomes were: NRM 12% (5-21%), REL 69% (56-81%), PFS 19% (10-31%), and OS 31% (19-44%). Compared with prior CIBMTR pPCL patients (1995-2006), inferior survival was noted in the current cohort (3-year OS, 39% vs. 38% in allo-HCT, and 62% vs. 35% in auto-HCT) respectively. However, we noted an increased HCT utilization, from 12% (7-21%) in 1995 to 46% (34-64%) in 2009 using SEER data (available till 2009). Despite modern induction translating to higher proportion receiving HCT, the outcomes remain poor in pPCL patients, mainly derived by high relapse rates post-HCT.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of chronic nasal symptoms in West Sweden : risk factors and relation to self-reported allergic rhinitis and lower respiratory symptoms
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 154:2, s. 155-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are few population-based studies on chronic nasal symptoms and little is known about their prevalence and determinants, or their association with allergic rhinitis and asthma.Methods: A questionnaire focused on respiratory symptoms and conditions was mailed in 2008 to 30,000 randomly selected subjects aged 16-75 years in West Sweden, 29,218 could be traced and 18,087 (62%) responded. The questionnaire included questions on self-reported allergic rhinitis, asthma, lower respiratory and nasal symptoms and possible determinants.Results: Nasal congestion was reported by 14.9% and runny nose by 13.1% of subjects. In total, 19.8% had chronic nasal symptoms. Subjects with chronic nasal symptoms had considerably more symptoms from the lower airways compared with nonrhinitic subjects and vice versa. Forty-seven percent of the subjects with chronic nasal symptoms had concurrent self-reported allergic rhinitis. Several hereditary and environmental factors were associated with chronic rhinitis, including family history of asthma [odds ratio (OR) 1.27; 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.50], family history of allergy (OR 1.74; 1.57-1.92) and current smoking (OR 1.39; 1.25-1.54). Further, chronic nasal symptoms were increasingly prevalent with an increasing degree of urbanization.Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic nasal symptoms in West Sweden was found to be high and strongly associated both with self-reported allergic rhinitis and symptoms from the lower airways. Moreover, several risk factors were identified for chronic nasal symptoms, including family history of allergy and asthma and smoking.
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| 12. |
- Hegge, Ann Magdalen, et al.
(författare)
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Are Gender Differences in Upper-Body Power Generated by Elite Cross-Country Skiers Augmented by Increasing the Intensity of Exercise?
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current study, we evaluated the impact of exercise intensity on gender differences in upper-body poling among cross-country skiers, as well as the associated differences in aerobic capacity, maximal strength, body composition, technique and extent of training. Eight male and eight female elite skiers, gender-matched for level of performance by FIS points, carried out a 4-min submaximal, and a 3-min and 30-sec maximal all-out test of isolated upper-body double poling on a Concept2 ski ergometer. Maximal upper-body power and strength (1RM) were determined with a pull-down exercise. In addition, body composition was assessed with a DXA scan and training during the previous six months quantified from diaries. Relative to the corresponding female values (defined as 100%), the power output produced by the men was 88%, 95% and 108% higher during the submaximal, 3-min and 30-sec tests, respectively, and peak power in the pull-down strength exercise was 118% higher (all P<0.001). During the ergometer tests the work performed per cycle by the men was 97%, 102% and 91% greater, respectively, and the men elevated their cycle rate to a greater extent at higher intensities (both P<0.01). Furthermore, men had a 61% higher VO(2)peak, 58% higher 1RM, relatively larger upper-body mass (61% vs 56%) and reported considerably more upper-body strength and endurance training (all P<0.05). In conclusion, gender differences in upper-body power among cross-country skiers augmented as the intensity of exercise increased. The gender differences observed here are greater than those reported previously for both lower-and whole-body sports and coincided with greater peak aerobic capacity and maximal upper-body strength, relatively more muscle mass in the upper-body, and more extensive training of upper-body strength and endurance among the male skiers.
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| 13. |
- Holmberg, Henrik, 1976-
(författare)
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Generalised linear models with clustered data
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In situations where a large data set is partitioned into many relativelysmall clusters, and where the members within a cluster have some common unmeasured characteristics, the number of parameters requiring estimation tends to increase with sample size if a fixed effects model is applied. This fact causes the assumptions underlying asymptotic results to be violated. The first paper in this thesis considers two possible solutions to this problem, a random intercepts model and a fixed effects model, where asymptoticsare replaced by a simple form of bootstrapping. A profiling approach is introduced in the fixed effects case, which makes it computationally efficient even with a huge number of clusters. The grouping effect is mainly seen as a nuisance in this paper. In the second paper the effect of misspecifying the distribution of the random effects in a generalised linear mixed model for binary data is studied. One problem with mixed effects models is that the distributional assumptions about the random effects are not easily checked from real data. Models with Gaussian, logistic and Cauchy distributional assumptions are used for parameter estimation on data simulated using the same three distributions. The effect of these assumptions on parameter estimation is presented. Two criteria for model selection are investigated, the Akaike information criterion and a criterion based on a chi-square statistic. The estimators for fixed effects parameters are quite robust against misspecification of the random effects distribution, at least with the distributions used in this paper. Even when the true random effects distribution is Cauchy, models assuming a Gaussian or a logistic distribution regularly produce estimates with less bias.
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| 14. |
- Holmberg, Kenneth, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Desloratadine relieves nasal congestion and improves quality-of-life in persistent allergic rhinitis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 64:11, s. 1663-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR), particularly nasal congestion, can impair quality-of-life (QoL). However, only a modest correlation exists between these symptoms and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) scores, suggesting that both be evaluated for a complete assessment of health. METHODS: Subjects with a > or =2-year history of moderate-to-severe AR to dust mite or cat dander were randomized to desloratadine 5 mg/day (n = 293) or placebo/day (n = 291) for 28 days. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in a.m./p.m. nasal congestion score. Secondary outcomes included change from baseline in total nasal symptom score, individual symptom scores and RQLQ scores (completed on days 1, 7, and 28). RESULTS: The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma criteria for persistent allergic rhinitis (PER) were fulfilled by 99% of subjects in the placebo arm. Between-treatment difference in a.m./p.m. nasal congestion score, observed from day 8 onward, significantly favored desloratadine (P = 0.0003). Desloratadine significantly improved a.m./p.m. nasal congestion and RQLQ scores after 1 week and at treatment end (P < 0.05). Improvements in 5 of 7 RQLQ domain scores exceeded the minimal important difference. On days 7 and 28, desloratadine was also significantly superior to placebo in mean change from baseline in a.m./p.m. total nasal symptom score and rhinorrhea score (both P < or = 0.01). Symptomatic benefit was primarily driven by improvement in nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: Desloratadine 5 mg/day significantly improved symptoms associated with PER, including nasal congestion, and provided significant improvement in QoL after 1 week of treatment.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Holmberg, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Residual stresses in TiN, DLC and MoS2 coated surfaces with regard to their tribological fracture behaviour
- 2009
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 267:12, s. 2142-2156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin hard coatings on components and tools are used increasingly due to the rapid development in deposition techniques, tribological performance and application skills. The residual stresses in a coated surface are crucial for its tribological performance. Compressive residual stresses in PVD deposited TiN and DLC coatings were measured to be in the range of 0.03-4 GPa on steel substrate and 0.1-1.3 GPa on silicon. MoS2 coatings had tensional stresses in the range of 0.8-1.3 on steel and 0.16 GPa compressive stresses on silicon. The fracture pattern of coatings deposited on steel substrate were analysed both in bend testing and scratch testing. A micro-scale finite element method (FEM) modelling and stress simulation of a 2 m TiN-coated steel surface was carried out and showed a reduction of the generated tensile buckling stresses in front of the sliding tip when compressive residual stresses of 1 GPa were included in the model. However, this reduction is not similarly observed in the scratch groove behind the tip, possibly due to sliding contact-induced stress relaxation. Scratch and bending tests allowed calculation of the fracture toughness of the three coated surfaces, based on both empirical crack pattern observations and FEM stress calculation, which resulted in highest values for TiN coating followed by MoS2 and DLC coatings, being KC = 4-11, about 2, and 1-2 MPa m1/2, respectively. Higher compressive residual stresses in the coating and higher elastic modulus of the coating correlated to increased fracture toughness of the coated surface.
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| 17. |
- Holmberg, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Advert saliency distracts children's visual attention during goal-directed internet use
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general research question of the present study was to assess the impact of visually salient online adverts on children's task-oriented internet use. In order to answer this question as reliably as possible, an experimental study was constructed in which 9-year-old and 12-year-old Swedish children were asked to solve a number of tasks while interacting with a mockup website. In each trial, web adverts in low-level and high-level visual saliency conditions were presented. By both measuring children's task accuracy, as well as the visual processing involved in solving these tasks, this study allows us to infer how two types of visual saliency affect children's attentional behavior, and whether such behavioral effects also impacts their task performance. Analyses show that low-level and high-level saliency in online adverts have different effects on performance measures and process measures respectively. Whereas task performance is stable with regard to several advert saliency conditions, a marked effect is seen on children's gaze behavior. On the other hand, task performance is shown to be more sensitive to individual differences such as age, gender and level of gaze control. The results provide evidence about cognitive and behavioral distraction effects in children's task-oriented internet use caused by visual saliency in online adverts. The experiment suggests that children to some extent are able to compensate for behavioral effects caused by distracting visual stimuli when solving prospective memory tasks, and thus discusses a possible decoupling between task performance and task processing. Suggestions are given for further research into the interdiciplinary area between media research and cognitive science.
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| 18. |
- Holmberg, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Animated adverts impair children’s online reading and text comprehension
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Eye Movement Research. - : University of Bern. - 1995-8692. ; 8:4, s. 98-98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we examined the effects of animated adverts on children’s online reading. We conducted an eye-tracking experiment with authentic web pages to assess whether (1) advert animation primarily affects overt visual attention, or (2) animated adverts primarily affect text comprehension, or (3) both eye movements and comprehension are affected. 59 children in third grade (9-year-olds) participated in the study. The stimulus material con- sisted of 6 factual texts that were presented on a news website. Online banner adverts were presented in a column on the right side of the texts. The adverts were presented in two conditions: static and animated. After reading each text the children provided answers to multiple choice comprehension questions. The results showed that advert animation af- fected several text processing measures, such as fixation duration and regressive saccades. This effect was stronger among children with poor gaze control (as measured with an anti- saccade task). More importantly, however, the present study showed that animated adverts had a significant negative effect on children’s text comprehension. The study discusses how these findings could be used to regulate commercial content on children’s websites. Also, suggestions for using individual differences in eye movement measures to predict reading comprehension are explored.
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| 19. |
- Holmberg, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Children's attention to online adverts is related to low-level saliency factors and individual level of gaze control
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Eye Movement Research. - 1995-8692. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-six children in 3rd grade were observed while surfing freely on their favourite websites. Eye movement data were recorded, as well as synchronized screen recordings. Each online advert was analyzed in order to quantify low-level saliency features, such as motion, luminance and edge density. The eye movement data were used to register if the children had attended to the online adverts. A mixed-effects multiple regression analysis was performed in order to test the relationship between visual attention on adverts and advert saliency features. The regression model also included individual level of gaze control and level of internet use as predictors. The results show that all measures of visual saliency had effects on children's visual attention, but these effects were modulated by children's individual level of gaze control.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Holmberg, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Frågedriven undervisning för att organisera normativa kunskapspraktiker i SO-ämnena
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordidactica. - : Karlstads universitet. - 2000-9879. ; :4, s. 124-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a mainly conceptual and argumentative article which presents a model for enquiry-based teaching (Swedish acronym FDU - frågedrivenundervisning). The purpose is to suggest and discuss how enquiry-based teaching can contribute to organising qualified subject teaching in history, religious education and social studies. This is dealt with through two sections. The first section presents a structure for enquiry-based teaching through tested teaching designs in the three subjects, and the second section discusses certain qualities of enquiry-based teaching that we argue should be maintained. Based on actual teaching and teachers' experiences of designing enquiry-based teaching, the article positions FDU as a subject didactic teaching model. Hordern's (2022) framework for normative knowledge practices forms the theoretical starting point for discussing FDU as a subject didactic model that can help teachers in designing, planning, implementing and evaluating qualified subject teaching.The article argues that FDU can be regarded as a normative knowledge practice that is characterised by the qualities of being enquiry-based, prospective, consistent, assessment-oriented, and continuous.
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| 24. |
- Holmberg, Ulrik, 1976-
(författare)
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Significant history and historical orientation : Ugandan students narrate their historical pasts
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2012, Uganda celebrated 50 years of independence. The postcolonial era in the country has been marked by political turmoil and civil wars. Uganda, like many other postcolonial states in Africa, cannot be described as an ethnically or culturally homogenous state. However, history education has globally been seen as a platform for constructing national identities in contemporary societies. At the same time, it is assumed that specific historical experiences of countries influence historical understanding. This study takes its starting point in the theories of historical consciousness and narrativity. A narrative could be viewed as a site where mobilization of ideas of the past to envisage the present and possible futures is made and hence the narrative expresses historical orientation. Through the concept of historical orientation historical consciousness can be explored, i.e. what history is viewed as significant and meaningful. The aim in the study is to explore in what ways students connect to their historical pasts. The study explores 219 narratives of 73 Ugandan upper secondary students. Narratives elicited through written responses to three assignments. Designed to capture different approaches to history: either to start from the beginning and narrate history prospectively or to depart from the present narrating retrospectively. The colonial experience of Uganda affected the sampling in the way that students were chosen from two different regions, Central and Northern Uganda. The comparison was a way to handle the concept of ‘nation’ as a presupposed category. Narrative analysis has been used as a method to explore what the students regarded as historically significant and what patterns among the narratives that point towards particular historical orientations. The empirical results show how different approaches to history, a prospective or a retrospective approach, influence the student narratives. For instance, valued judgments on past developments were more common with the retrospective approach. The results also show differences in evaluating past developments according to regional origin. Students from northern Uganda were generally more inclined to tell a story of decline. Also, it is argued that the student narratives were informed by a meta-narrative of Africa. It was as common to identify oneself as African as it was to identify as Ugandan.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Holmqvist, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of photos and information graphics on newspaper reading.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Conference on Eye Movement Research, ECEM 13.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of two newspaper reading experiments. We examine how readersÕ eye movements are affected by graphical elements such as photos and information graphics. Control variables in these experiments include size and content of photos, and spatial structure of information graphics. We hypothesized that large photo size and animate photo content would be associated with a local increase in textual processing and earlier pictorial attention. We also hypothesized that the presence of information graphics would generate a local increase in reading time, and that a sequential structure would facilitate decoding. Our results show that photos have a strong effect on newspaper scanning, whereas these elements have no effect on reading interest. This finding indicates that reading and scanning are separate processes. We also found that information graphics lead to an increase in reading time, and that a sequential layout facilitated decoding. Consequently, photos and information graphics have different effects on newspaper reading patterns.
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| 27. |
- Holsanova, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Läsning i gamla och nya medier.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tekniken bakom språket. - 9789172276307 - 9172276304 - 9789113045351 ; Språkrådets skrifter, 1654-0433 ; 9, s. 144-167
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Holsanova, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Med blick pa nätnyheter. Ögonrörelsestudier av läsning i nätbaserade tidningar.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Mediekulturer, Hybrider och Förvandlingar.. - 9172036303 ; , s. 216-248
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How do readers interact with net papers? Does the new medium influence our way of searching for news? Does net-paper reading differ from newspaper reading? 12 users were asked to read 2 net-papers at their own pace. The aim of the study was partly to analyse reading behaviour on the Internet, partly to understand some of the underlying rationale and motivation of the behaviour. To achieve this aim, we used a combination of three methods: (i) eye tracking, (ii) retrospective verbal protocols supported by the replay of the interaction and (iii) interview data. In our analysis, we focus both on the readers' actual interaction with net papers (their reading paths, entry points, scanning and reading activities, orienting and navigating) and on their reflections, experiences, comments and attitudes towards the new medium.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Holsanova, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Reading information graphics: The Role of Spatial Proximity and Dual Attentional Guidance.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 23, s. 1215-1226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a naturalistic newspaper reading study, two pairs of information graphics have been designed to study the effects of a) the spatial contiguity principle and b) the dual scripting principle by means of eye tracking measurements. Our data clearly show that different spatial layouts have a significant effect on readers’ eye movement behaviour. An integrated format with spatial contiguity between text and illustrations facilitates integration. Reading of information graphics is moreover significantly enhanced by a serial format, resulting from dual attentional guidance. The dual scripting principle is associated with a bottom-up guidance through the spatial layout of the presentation, suggesting a specific reading path, and with a top-down guidance through the conceptual pre-processing of the contents, facilitating information processing and semantic integration of the material. The integrated and serial formats not only attract readers’ initial attention, but also sustain the readers’ interest, thereby promoting a longer and deeper processing of the complex material. The results are an important contribution to the study of the cognitive processes involved in text-picture integration and offer relevant insights about attentional guidance in printed media, computer-based instructional materials, and textbook design.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Pedersen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of men and women undergoing septoplasty-the Swedish national septoplasty register
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Surgery. - 2296-875X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveMen represent more than two-thirds of septoplasty patients in many studies, but differences between men and women in terms of patient selection or outcome are seldom reported. This study aims to investigate whether women undergoing septoplasty differ from men in critical variables before and after surgery, in a large national sample of septoplasties. DesignCross-sectional register study. ParticipantsThe study includes 2,532 patients from the National Swedish Septoplasty Register undergoing septoplasty with or without additional turbinoplasty on the indication of nasal obstruction in 2014-2019. Patients in the register have not been preselected. Main outcome measuresPreoperative variables and postoperative outcome were compared between men and women. ResultsMen accounted for 1,829 (72%) of the patients. There was no significant difference between men and women in severity of self-reported nasal obstruction or type of surgery performed (septoplasty with or without turbinoplasty). Mean postoperative nasal obstruction 12 months after surgery and overall satisfaction with the result were similar. Women, however, reported more complications 12 months postoperatively, while men reported more problems with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea preoperatively. ConclusionIn this large national patient cohort undergoing septoplasty, we found no differences in preoperative nasal obstruction or postoperative patient-rated outcome in men and women undergoing septoplasty, despite the fact that 72% of the patients were men. It thus remains unclear why women are under-represented in septoplasty surgery in this and many other cohorts.
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| 36. |
- Pedersen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Age and Unplanned Postoperative Visits Predict Outcome after Septoplasty: A National Swedish Register Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of otolaryngology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9201 .- 1687-921X. ; 2018
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study predictors of symptom relief six months after septoplasty using data from the Swedish National Septoplasty Register.This is a retrospective register study of adult patients undergoing septoplasty in Sweden in 2003-2012.Relief of nasal symptoms was analysed in relation to age, gender, size of hospital performing the surgery, addition of turbinoplasty, and unplanned postoperative visits to the hospital due to pain, bleeding, or infection.In all, 76% of the patients (n = 5,865) rated their symptoms as "almost gone" or "gone" six months after septoplasty. With every 10-year increase in the age of the patients, the OR was 1.19, 95% CI 1.15-1.23, for a better result and 1.54, 95% CI 1.38-1.71, if the septoplasty was performed at a county hospital versus a university hospital. If there was no unplanned postoperative visit due to pain, bleeding, or infection, the OR for a better result was 1.6, 95% CI 1.39-1.85.In this large national cohort of septoplasties, most of the patients felt that their symptoms had gone or almost gone six months after septoplasty. Higher age, surgery at smaller hospitals, and no unplanned visits to the hospital postoperatively predicted a better outcome.
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| 37. |
- Pedersen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic factors for outcome after septoplasty in 888 patients from the Swedish National Septoplasty Register
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 276:8, s. 2223-2228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify predictors of outcome after septoplasty in 888 patients from the Swedish National Septoplasty Register.MethodologyThis is an observational register study analysing data from patients undergoing septoplasty in Sweden between 2015 and 2016. The patients reported severity of nasal obstruction (mild, moderate, severe) pre- and again 12months postoperatively (none, mild, moderate, severe), unplanned visits within 30days after surgery. The examining doctor reported co-morbidities such as allergic rhinitis and snoring. The primary end-point was one level improvement of the nasal obstruction 12months after surgery.ResultsNasal obstruction had improved in 63% 12months after surgery. Twelve months after surgery, 81% with severe nasal obstruction and 31% with mild nasal obstruction before surgery had improved. Only 56% reported that the results of the surgery were as they had expected. Higher patient age at surgery, no unplanned visits within 1month of surgery and activity limitation before surgery were associated with improvements in nasal breathing in the logistic regression model.ConclusionSeptoplasty should be offered to patients with severe nasal obstruction and surgery should be avoided in mild nasal obstruction confirmed by both an improvement in nasal obstruction and patient expectations in this study.
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| 38. |
- Pedersen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Surgery to relieve nasal obstruction: outcome for 366 patients operated on by one senior surgeon
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 278, s. 3867-3875
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Studies of patient-rated outcome in septoplasty and turbinoplasty most frequently involve several surgeons with varying surgical skills, techniques and experience. The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcome based on one experienced surgeon. Methods Three hundred and sixty-six consecutive patients referred for nasal obstruction were included. All the patients were examined with nasal endoscopy before and after decongestion, they filled out a nose VAS and rated their overall general health before and three to six months after surgery. The patients underwent septoplasty, septoplasty plus turbinoplasty or turbinoplasty. Results The mean nose VAS for nasal obstruction (0-100) preoperatively was 64.7 for all patients. Patients undergoing septoplasty (n = 159) were younger than patients undergoing septoplasty + turbinoplasty (n = 79) or patients undergoing turbinoplasty alone (n = 128). The nose VAS for nasal obstruction improved significantly in all three groups and 25% had a normal nose VAS after surgery in the septoplasty and septoplasty + turbinoplasty groups compared to only 8% in the turbinoplasty alone group. There was no significant difference in the improvement in nasal obstruction between septoplasty and septoplasty + turbinoplasty, but the septoplasty + turbinoplasty group experienced a significantly greater improvement in general health. Conclusions In 366 patients operated on by one experienced surgeon, septoplasty and septoplasty + turbinoplasty were more effective at relieving nasal obstruction than turbinoplasty alone. Septoplasty + turbinoplasty resulted in a greater improvement in general health than septoplasty alone, despite the same improvement in nasal obstruction, indicating a beneficial effect of additional turbinoplasty in septoplasty.
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| 39. |
- Pettersson, Maria
(författare)
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Silicon nitride for total hip replacements
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For more than 50 years total hip replacements have been a common and successful procedure to increase patient mobility and quality of life. The 10-year implant survival rate is 97.8%. However, for longer implantation times there are limitations linked to the negative biological response to wear and corrosion products from the currently used biomaterials.In this thesis silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings were evaluated for use in total hip replacements, on the articulating bearing surface and modular taper connections. Homogeneous, dense SiNx coatings were deposited using reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) up to a thickness of 8 µm. The N/Si atomic ratios ranged from 0.3 to 1.1 and the coatings showed a low surface roughness. The wear rate of a SiNx coated cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy (CoCrMo) was similar to that of bulk Si3N4, and less than one 46th of uncoated CoCrMo, an alloy that is commonly used in joint replacements. Wear debris generated from SiNx coatings was round in shape, with a mean size of 40 nm, and ranged between 10 and 500 nm. Model particles, similar in size and shape as the wear debris, were soluble in simulated body fluid. The dissolution rate was higher than the expected rate of debris generation. Along with the size of the debris, which is not in the critical range for macrophage activation, this dissolution may limit negative biological reactions. The SiNx coatings also dissolved in simulated body fluid. The coating with the highest N/Si ratio exhibited the lowest dissolution rate, of 0.2 to 0.4 nm/day, while CoCrMo under the same condition dissolved at a rate of 0.7 to 1.2 nm/day. SiNx-coated CoCrMo exhibited a reduced release of Co, Cr and Mo ions into the solution by two orders of magnitude, compared to uncoated CoCrMo. Si3N4 evaluated under micro-displacement in a corrosive environment, replicating the modular taper, showed a lower corrosion current compared to common biomedical alloys. SiNx coatings may also act beneficially to reduce issues associated with this type of contact.SiNx coatings have shown several properties in a laboratory environment that are hypothesised to increase the longevity of joint replacements. The promising results encourage further evaluation closer to the clinical application of total hip replacements, in particular in the articulating bearing surface and in modular tapers.
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| 40. |
- Plewako, Halina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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A follow-up study of immunotherapy-treated birch-allergic patients: effect on the expression of chemokines in the nasal mucosa
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 38:7, s. 1124-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only treatment producing lasting clinical improvement in patients with allergy. We investigated the long-term effect of SIT treatment on the expression of chemokines: eotaxin, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and their receptors CCR3 and CCR4 in biopsies of nasal mucosa from birch-allergic individuals. Methods Sixteen patients who completed a 3-year treatment programme 3-5 years ago, and 12 untreated, matched controls were included in the study. Patients recorded symptoms and use of rescue medication before and during the pollen season. Nasal mucosa samples obtained before and during the season were stained for eosinophil and mast cell markers and for eotaxin, RANTES, TARC, CCR3 and CCR4. Results During the pollen season, rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms increased in both SIT and control groups (P =0.001 and 0.002, respectively). However, SIT patients had 37% fewer symptoms than controls. Medication use increased in both groups (P =0.002) during the season but the SIT group used 28% less than the controls (P =0.02). The number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa increased in the control group (P= 0.01) and the difference between the groups was significant during the season (P =0.01). No seasonal increase in the numbers of mast cells was seen, but during the pollen season, more (P =0.02) AA+ cells were found in the controls than in the SIT group. The number of eotaxin1 and RANTE+ cells increased in the control group (P= 0.01 and 0.03, respectively) and the difference between groups during the season was significant (P =0.01 and 0.01, respectively). The TARC+ cell numbers were lower in the SIT group during the season (P =0.003). The CCR3+ cells increased only in the control group during the pollen season and remained unchanged in SIT patients, while CCR4+ cell numbers increased in both the control (P = 0.03) and SIT (P = 0.02) groups. Conclusion This study confirmed that decreased numbers of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa is a long-lasting effect of birch SIT. SIT also prevented seasonal rises in the number of cells expressing the chemokines eotaxin and RANTES
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| 41. |
- Plewako, Halina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Increased expression of lipoxygenase enzymes during pollen season in nasal biopsies of pollen-allergic patients
- 2006
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Ingår i: Allergy. ; 61:6, s. 725-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exposure of patients sensitized to pollen triggers development of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms (SAR). Eicosanoids are a group of arachidonic acid metabolites contributing to the symptoms of SAR. The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal changes in the expression of enzymes of the eicosanoid pathway in the nasal mucosa of patients with SAR. Methods: Twenty SAR patients allergic to birch or grass and eight healthy subjects were included in the study. Patients registered rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms and use of rescue medication before and during the pollen season. Nasal biopsies were obtained before and around the peak of the season, sectioned and stained using markers for eosinophils, mast cells, T cells and neutrophils. Antibodies against the following enzymes were also used: cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1, COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-lipoxygenase-activating factor (FLAP), LTA(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)h) and LTC(4) synthase (LTC(4)s). Results: During the pollen season symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and medication score increased significantly (P = 0.001; P = 0.001 respectively). During the pollen season numbers of eosinophils (P = 0.02) and cell positive 5-LO (P = 0.02), LTC(4)s (P = 0.04) and LTA(4)h (P = 0.02) increased significantly. During season number of mast cells and cells expressing 5-LO and LTA(4)h were higher in SAR than in healthy controls group (P = 0.02; P = 0.01; P = 0.03 respectively). Conclusion: In sensitized patients exposure to pollen allergen results in increased expression of enzymes of the eicosanoid pathway.
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| 42. |
- Skytte af Sätra, Ulf, 1959-
(författare)
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Wear of piston rings in hydrostatic transmissions
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study focuses on the wear of piston rings in a hydraulic radial piston motor. The piston ring has to satisfy increasing demands for reliability and longer service life. It has two contacting surfaces, the face and the flank, and operates under a boundary lubrication state. This first part of the project aimed to detect and characterise piston ring wear. Measurement by weighing gives an overall value for wear defined as loss of mass. Two-dimensional form and surface roughness measurements show the distribution of wear on the piston ring face in contact with the cylinder bore and the piston ring flank in contact with the piston groove. Three-dimensional analyses, both quantitative and qualitative, allow the wear mechanisms to be identified. The wear of piston rings from an actual hydraulic motor was characterised. As well, rig testing was performed in two different test rig set-ups, one simulating the sliding movement of the piston ring and the other the tilting movement at the end of the strokes. Wear during the running-in period was investigated, and the findings indicate that the period when this takes place is of short duration. In the long term, mild wear makes the surfaces smoother than they were when new, resulting in a very low wear coefficient. Significant levels of wear were measured on both contacting surfaces of the piston ring. In cases in which the flank exhibits more wear than the face, the wear on the flank can be reduced by proper design of the piston groove. The second part of the project aimed to evaluate use of a textured surface for the cylinder bore counter surface and a coated surface for the piston ring. Three modelling experiments were performed to characterise the friction and wear properties under lean boundary lubrication conditions. Under such conditions, textured surfaces have the advantage of retaining more lubricant and supplying it over a longer time. Stable friction was also a distinctive feature of the textured surface. Use of a coating could also possibly reduce the amount of wear. Though a smooth surface, like a polished one, is hard to beat for a working texture, a coated surface is far ahead of a smooth uncoated one. Different manufactured and commonly used cylinder bore surfaces, including textured ones, were evaluated in the sliding movement test rig. That allowed favourable wear properties, such as lowest wear coefficient, to be determined with the use of a roller burnished surface. A final part of the research involved simulating wear on the piston ring face throughout the entire service life of a hydraulic motor. This allowed us to determine the roles of surface roughness and coating in prolonging service life and achieving acceptable and secure piston ring operation. The model is simple and realistic, but still needs to be refined so as to correspond even better to reality.
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| 43. |
- Starr, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Maintenance Today and Future Trends
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: E-maintenance. - London : Springer. - 9781849962049 - 9781849962056 ; , s. 5-37
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes the state of the art in maintenance and its future trends. The key areas that have influenced maintenance in the last 40 years are management of people and assets, and technological capability. These areas are important because they aim to take the best advantage of expensive resources, whether that advantage be profit, or to provide the best possible service with limited resources. The chapter first sets out the current range of maintenance in industrial practice. It is recognised that many businesses do not undertake the full extent of the work reported here, but it is our purpose to survey the state of the art. The chapter then continues to survey the influences of nascent technologies and ideas, before making some predictions about the future. Indeed, some of the most advanced condition-based maintenance effectively aims to predict the future. However, here we do not offer a crystal ball calibrated to international standards; we will constrain ourselves to an informed, independent opinion.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Strukelj, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Sound Environments on Oculomotor Control, Stress, and Performance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Eye Movement Research. - 1995-8692. ; 6:3, s. 408-408
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: This study is the third within the project Sound, Music, and Eye Movements, and results from the two previous studies examining reading for comprehension revealed no effects on eye movements such as fixation durations and saccade amplitudes with regards to sound environments. Therefore, other eye movement measures were tested in the current study, namely oculomotor control. Participants performed an anti- saccade task during eight sound environments with different types of non-linguistic distraction, while stress was measured using GSR and pupil dilation. Performance was evaluated by the participants after each sound environment, and an EPQ-R personality test and questionnaire about specific preferences regarding music and noise exposure was completed after the antisaccade task. Results from the current study suggest that oculomotor control is affected by disturbance, with highly signif- icant decrease in correct eye movements (mean correct) in most “negative” sound environments (e.g., crying baby) compared to the control condition (silence), and no significant difference in most “positive” ones (e.g., a Mozart sonata). However, contrary to the hypothesis, a flowing river showed negative effects, and traffic noise showed no effects, compared to the control condition, which suggests that familiarity plays an important role in the level of disturbance.Contact
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| 46. |
- Strukelj, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of sound presentations on executive control: Evidence from eye movements
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Psychology of Music. - : SAGE Publications. - 1741-3087 .- 0305-7356. ; 44:5, s. 996-1011
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the influence on performance of sound presentation considered more or less disturbing, distracting, and intrusive, an antisaccade task was used to assess executive control over reflexive eye movements. By examining the latency and proportion of correct eye movements in eight sound presentations for 32 participants (15 female), the effect of disturbance from sound was measured. The only effect found for latency was a significant increase during the Mozart violin concerto, suggesting an unconscious speed–accuracy tradeoff. Participants inhibited reflexive eye movements in favour of correct responses, which were marginally better than the silent control condition. The mean number of correctly launched saccades was significantly lower during three sound presentations which were all social in nature, namely playing children, crying baby, and babble noise. These were also classified as highly disturbing by participants. This suggests that certain sounds can have a large effect on executive control. Finally, the sound presentation with children playing affected females significantly more negatively than males, as seen in lower mean numbers of correctly launched saccades.
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| 47. |
- Wickberg, Åsa, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to a. Levy et Al.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 32:29, s. 3340-3341
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 48. |
- Wickberg, Åsa, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Sector Resection With or Without Postoperative Radiotherapy for Stage I Breast Cancer : 20-Year Results of a Randomized Trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 32:8, s. 791-797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate how radiotherapy (XRT) adds to tumor control using a standardized surgical technique with meticulous control of surgical margins in a randomized trial with 20 years of follow-up.Patients and Methods: Three hundred eighty-one women with pT1N0 breast cancer were randomly assigned to sector resection with (XRT group) or without (non-XRT group) postoperative radiotherapy to the breast. With follow-up through 2010, we estimated cumulative proportion of recurrence, breast cancer death, and all-cause mortality.Results: The cumulative probability of a first breast cancer event of any type after 20 years was 30.9% in the XRT group and 45.1% in the non-XRT group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.82). The benefit of radiotherapy was achieved within the first 5 years. After 20 years, 50.4% of the women in the XRT group died compared with 54.0% in the non-XRT group (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.19). The cumulative probability of contralateral cancer or death as a result of cancer other than breast cancer was 27.1% in the XRT group and 24.9% in the non-XRT group (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.77). In an anticipated low-risk group, the cumulative incidence of first breast cancer of any type was 24.8% in the XRT group and 36.1% in the non-XRT group (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.07).Conclusion: Radiotherapy protects against recurrences during the first 5 years of follow-up, indicating that XRT mainly eradicates undetected cancer foci present at primary treatment. The similar rate of recurrences beyond 5 years in the two groups indicates that late recurrences are new tumors. There are subgroups with clinically relevant differences in risk.
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