| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ki, 1975-
(author)
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Aspects of locomotor evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia)
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis, the shape of the distal humerus trochlea is analysed using landmark-based morphometrics and multivariate methods, with the aim of exploring locomotor evolution in carnivorans. Elbow joint morphology is used together with body size and craniodental morphology to characterize past and present carnivorans. Evolutionary implications are studied at the ordinal, familial, and species levels, testing specific hypotheses about scaling, morphological constraints, evolutionary trajectories, and potential for social pack-hunting behaviour. The circumference of the distal humerus trochlea is found to be highly correlated with body mass, and appears to scale similarly throughout the order Carnivora. A general predictive model for carnivoran bodymass is presented (a=0.601; b= 2.552; r2=0.952, SEE=0.136, p<0001, n=92), which removes the need for the investigator to actively choose between the diverging estimates that different predictors and their equations often produce. At the elbow joint, manual manipulation and locomotion appear to be conflicting functions, thus suggesting mutually exclusive lifestyles involving either forelimb grappling or pursuit. At large body sizes, carnivorans are distributed over a strongly dichotomised pattern (grappling or locomotion), a pattern coinciding with the postulated threshold in predator-prey size ratio at 21.5-25 kg. This pattern is compared to that of two carnivoran faunas from the Tertiary. In the Oligocene (33.7-23.8 Myr BP), the overall pattern is remarkably similar to that observed for extant Carnivora. In the Miocene (23.8-11.2 Myr BP) carnivores show a similarly dichotomised pattern as the Oligocene and Recent, although the whole pattern is shifted towards larger body sizes. This difference is suggested to be a reflection of the extraordinary species richness of browsing ungulates in the early Miocene of North America. Such an increase in prey spectrum would create a unique situation, in which large carnivores need not commit to a cursorial habitus in order to fill their nutritional requirements. Finally, the elbow joints and craniodental morphology (14 measurements) of fossil canids were examined with the aim of assessing the potential for pack-hunting in fossil canids. It is clear that small and large members of the Recent Caninae share similar craniodental morphologies. However, this pattern is not present in Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae. In the latter, large representatives are characterized by being short-faced, with reduced anterior premolars and enlarged posterior premolars, thus approaching a “pantherine-like” craniodental configuration. These traits are interpreted as an adaptation for killing prey with canine bites. It is similarly determined that, unlike recent Caninae, all analyzed species of borophagines and hesperocyonines have retained the ability to supinate their forearms. It is therefore likely that manual manipulation was part of their hunting behaviour, thus removing an essential part of the argument for social pack-hunting in these forms, as the benefits of such a strategy become less obvious.
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| 3. |
- Betts, Marissa J, et al.
(author)
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Integrated chronostratigraphy of the lower Cambrian Byrd Group, Transantarctic Mountains
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Antarctica and Australia were sutured together straddling the equator during the major pulse of animal biodiversification associated with the Cambrian radiation. However, lack of detailed systematic sampling of lower Cambrian sedimentary packages from Antarctica has significantly impeded precise age determination and correlation with other Cambrian paleocontinents, especially with other parts of East Gondwana. Here were present new, integrated biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic (δ13C isotopes) data from three stratigraphic sections measured through autochthonous shallow water carbonates (including archaeocyath-microbial bioherms) from the lower Cambrian Byrd Group in the Transantarctic Mountains. Recovered shelly fossil assemblages (brachiopods, tommotiids, molluscs, trilobites) from the Holyoake and Churchill Ranges include conspecific taxa previously described from Hawker Group rocks in the Arrowie Basin of South Australia facilitating direct correlation with the upper Dailyatia odyssei biozone. Synchronous chemostratigraphic data capture a distinctive positive ?13C excursion in the Churchill Range interpreted as the global Mingxinsi Carbon Isotope Excursion (MICE) peak. A succeeding gradual negative ?13C excursion captured in the Churchill and Holyoake sections is interpreted as the global Archaeocyathid Extinction Carbon Isotope Excursion (AECE) event. There is no chemostratigraphic evidence for the large Redlichiid-Olenellid Extinction Carbon Isotope Excursion (ROECE) negative event that straddles and defines the Cambrian Stage 4 – Miaolingian boundary. Hence, the integrated faunal and new chemostratigraphic data presented herein strongly support a Cambrian Stage 4 age for the upper Shackleton Limestone – Holyoake Formation – Starshot Formation succession of the Byrd Group.
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| 4. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Fysikaliska faktorer
- 2008
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In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor. - 9789173650373 ; , s. 191-307
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Physical Factors
- 2009
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In: Work and Technology on Human Terms. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 191-306
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 6. |
- Holmér, Gunnel, 1955-
(author)
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Kosta glasbruk - en etnisk smältdegel? : Arbete och arbetskraftsinvandring 1943-1973
- 2009
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Avhandlingen fokuserar på arbetskraftsinvandringen till Kosta glasbruk under perioden 1943-1973. Den övergripande frågan är om svenskar och invandrare tilldelades likvärdiga arbetsuppgifter eller om diskriminering kopplad till arbetet förekommit. Vidare undersöks varför företaget rekryterade utländsk arbetskraft, vilka nationaliteter som var representerade, orsakerna bakom migrationen, invandrarnas kvalifikationer samt den lokala fackföreningens inställning till immigranterna. Studien bygger på arkivmaterial kompletterat med ett 40-tal intervjuer med såväl svenska som invandrade glasarbetare samt med tjänstemän.
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| 7. |
- Holmer, Helene, et al.
(author)
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Fracture incidence in GH-deficient patients on complete hormone replacement including GH
- 2007
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In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 22:12, s. 1842-1850
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fracture risk in GHD patients is not definitely established. Studying fracture incidence in 832 patients on GH therapy and 2581 matched population controls, we recorded a doubled fracture risk in CO GHD women, but a significantly lower fracture risk in AO GHD men. Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate fracture incidence in patients wilh confirmed growth hormone deficiency (GHD) on replacement therapy (including growth hormone [GH]) compared with population controls, while also taking potential confounders and effect modifiers into account. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred thirty-two patients with GHD and 2581 matched population controls answered a questionnaire about fractures and other background information. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI for first fracture were estimated. The median time on GH therapy for childhood onset (CO) GHD men and women was 15 and 12 yr, respectively, and 6 and 5 yr for adult onset (AO) GHD men and women, respectively. Results: A more than doubled risk (IRR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.23-4.28) for nonosteoporotic fractures was recorded in women with CO GHD, whereas no risk increase was observed among CO GHD men (IRR. 0.61) and AO GHD women (IRR, 1.08). A significantly decreased incidence of fractures (IRR, 0.54; 95% CI 0.34-0.86) was recorded in AO GHD men. Conclusions: Increased fracture risk in CO GHD women can most likely be explained by interaction between oral estrogen and the GH-IGF-I axis. The adequate substitution rate of testosterone (90%) and GH (94%) may have resulted in significantly lower fracture risk in AO GHD men.
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| 8. |
- Holmer, Helene, et al.
(author)
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Nonfatal stroke, cardiac disease, and diabetes mellitus in hypopituitary patients on hormone replacement including growth hormone
- 2007
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 92:9, s. 3560-3567
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: The impact of long-term GH replacement on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in hypopituitary patients is unknown. Objective: The incidence of nonfatal stroke and cardiac events, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2D) and cardioprotective medication were compared between cohorts of GH-deficient (GHD) patients and population controls. Design and Participants: The incidence of nonfatal stroke and cardiac events was estimated retrospectively from questionnaires in 750 GHD patients and 2314 matched population controls. A prevalence of T2D and cardioprotective medication was recorded at the distribution of questionnaires. Time since first pituitary deficiency to start of GH therapy was 4 and 2 yr, and time on GH therapy was 6 yr for GHD women and men, respectively. Results: Lifelong incidence of nonfatal stroke was tripled in GHD women and doubled in GHD men, but a decline was seen in both genders during periods after first pituitary hormone deficiency and GHD, during which most patients had GH therapy. The lifelong incidence of nonfatal cardiac events declined in GHD men during first pituitary hormone deficiency and GHD periods. GHD women had a higher prevalence of T2D and lipid-lowering medication, whereas GHD men had a higher prevalence of antihypertensive medication. Conclusions: The declined risks of nonfatal stroke in both genders and of nonfatal cardiac events in GHD men during periods on GH replacement may be caused by prescription of cardioprotective drugs and 6-yr GH replacement. GHD women had an increased prevalence of T2D, partly attributed to higher body mass index and lower physical activity.
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| 9. |
- Wang, Haizhou, et al.
(author)
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Peduncular attached secondary tiering acrotretoid brachiopods from the Chengjiang fauna : Implications for the ecological expansion of brachiopods during the Cambrian explosion
- 2012
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In: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 323-325, s. 60-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Brachiopods are usually thought to contribute little to the tiering complexity from the Paleozoic to the Recent, mainly due to the fact that their recent representatives live primarily in lower tiers directly above or below the water-sediment interface. Here we present the first and oldest record of varied levels of secondary tiering in minute brachiopods attached by exceptionally preserved thread-like pedicles around the branched fronds of the algae-like Malongitubus kuangshanensis Hu, 2005. The specimens illustrated herein were recovered from the Chengjiang fauna (Series 2, Stage 3) in the Lower Cambrian Heilinpu Formation at the Kuangshan section in Malong County, Yunnan Province, southern China. The micro-morphology and oval outline of the attached brachiopods demonstrate that they can be assigned to acrotretoid brachiopods (Linguliformea, Lingulata, Acrotretoidea), described here as Kuangshanotreta malungensis gen. et sp. nov. This is the first report on the occurrence of acrotretoid brachiopods in the Lower Cambrian muddy deposits from southern China. The posterior margins of the Kuangshanotreta shells are invariably either in direct contact with, or directed towards, and then in situ attached to the algal frond of M. kuangshanensis, indicating a secondary tiering in the ecological structure of Early Cambrian brachiopods. The acrotretoid Kuangshanotreta/algae malongitubus association represents both the first and oldest evidence into the enigmatic paleoecology of the diverse acrotretoid linguliformean stock that comprises an important component of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna, and sheds light on medium-high levels of secondary tiering (+5 to +10 cm) Cambrian soft substrate suspension-feeding communities. When compared to other Chengjiang brachiopods, the miniature morphology and concomitant weight reduction of the shell of K. malungensis may be a good adaption to a suspended epifaunal tiering life style. We infer that the diversification of micromorphic and miniaturized acrotretoids that occurred from the Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician may be the result of the increased availability of habitable surfaces provided by high levels of tiering in new types of ecological spaces.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Agbaje, Oluwatoosin B. A., et al.
(author)
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Biomacromolecules in recent phosphate-shelled brachiopods : identification and characterization of chitin matrix
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Nature. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 56:36, s. 19884-19898
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation examined the nature of the organic fibres in order to improve understanding of how living organisms produce hierarchically structured biomaterials. Unlike powdered samples commonly used in previous studies, organic fibres were isolated for the first time and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Biochemical methods including Calcofluor staining revealed a chitin matrix. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and spectroscopic analyses show that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of β-chitin sheets and/or fibrils that are coated with a fibrous organic matrix. There is more chitin matrix in the L. anatina shells (26.6 wt.%) compared to the D. tenuis shells (12.9 wt.%). Taken together, the data show that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making L. anatina highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, D. tenuis contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment.
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| 12. |
- Agbaje, Oluwatoosin B. A., et al.
(author)
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Characterization of organophosphatic brachiopod shells : spectroscopic assessment of collagen matrix and biomineral components
- 2020
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In: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 10, s. 38456-38467
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The shells of linguloid brachiopods such as Lingula and Discinisca are inorganic–organic nanocomposites with a mineral phase of calcium phosphate (Ca-phosphate). Collagen, the main extracellular matrix in Ca-phosphatic vertebrate skeletons, has not previously been clearly resolved at the molecular level in organophosphatic brachiopods. Here, modern and recently-alive linguliform brachiopod shells of Lingula and Discinisca have been studied by microRaman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. For the first time, biomineralized collagen matrix and Ca-phosphate components were simultaneously identified, showing that the collagen matrix is an important moiety in organophosphatic brachiopod shells, in addition to prevalent chitin. Stabilized nanosized apatitic biominerals (up to ∼50 nm) permeate the framework of organic fibrils. There is a ∼2.5-fold higher wt% of carbonate (CO32−) in Lingula versus Discinisca shells. Both microRaman spectroscopy and infrared spectra show transient amorphous Ca-phosphate and octacalcium phosphate components. For the first time, trivalent moieties at ∼1660 cm−1 and divalent moieties at ∼1690 cm−1 in the amide I spectral region were identified. These are related to collagen cross-links that are abundant in mineralized tissues, and could be important features in the biostructural and mechanical properties of Ca-phosphate shell biominerals. This work provides a critical new understanding of organophosphatic brachiopod shells, which are some of the earliest examples of biomineralization in still-living animals that appeared in the Cambrian radiation.
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| 13. |
- Ahrenberg, Lars, 1948-, et al.
(author)
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Analysing Changes in Official Use of the Design Concept Using SweCLARIN Resources
- 2022
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In: Proceedings of the CLARIN Annual meeting.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show how the tools and language resources developed within the SweClarin infrastructure can be used to investigate changes in the use and understanding of the Swedish related words arkitektur, design, form, and formgivning. Specifically, we compare their use in two governmental public reports on design, one from 1999 and the other from 2015. We test the hypothesis that their meaning has developed in a way that blurs distinctions that may be important to stakeholders in the respective fields.
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| 14. |
- Ahrenberg, Lars, 1948-, et al.
(author)
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Analysing changes in official use of the design concept using SweCLARIN resources
- 2023
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In: Selected papers from the CLARIN Annual Conference 2022. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789180752541
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate changes in the use of four Swedish words from the fields of design and archi- tecture. It has been suggested that their meanings have been blurred, especially in governmental reports and policy documents, so that distinctions between them that are important to stakeholders in the respective fields are lost. Specifically, we compare usage in two governmental public reports on design, one from 1999 and the other from 2015, and additionally in opinion responses to the 2015 report. Our approach is to contextualise occurrences of the words in different representations of the texts using word embeddings, topic modelling and sentiment analysis. Tools and language resources developed within the SweClarin infrastructure have been crucial for the implementation of the study.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Altenburger, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Metamorphosis in Craniiformea revisited : Novocrania anomala shows delayed development of the ventral valve
- 2013
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In: Zoomorphology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0720-213X .- 1432-234X. ; 132:4, s. 379-387
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We revisited the brachiopod fold hypothesis and investigated metamorphosis in the craniiform brachiopod Novocrania anomala. Larval development is lecithotrophic and the dorsal (brachial) valve is secreted by dorsal epithelia. We found that the juvenile ventral valve, which consists only of a thin layer that was previously described as periostracal, is not a valve and is not secreted by the same epithelia as the dorsal valve. It is secreted by the attachment area of the larva at the posterior-most tip of the posterior larval lobe. The same attachment area is used by larvae of rhynchonelliform brachiopods during metamorphosis to cement their pedicle to the substrate. N. anomala is therefore not initially attached by a valve but by material corresponding to pedicle cuticle. This is different to previous descriptions, which had led to speculations about a folding event in the evolution of Brachiopoda. We show that the “brachiopod fold hypothesis,” which argues that brachiopods are transversely “folded” across the ontogenetic anterior–posterior axis, should be rejected at least with respect to the craniiforms. The data now suggest that the Craniiformea may be a derived group within the Rhynchonelliformea. This interpretation suggests that the last common ancestor of the Craniiformea has lost the pedicle and the ventral valve in early juvenile development. Characters that have previously been considered to be shared between the Craniiformea and the Linguliformea (clade Inarticulata), such as a through-gut and missing hinge articulation, may thus be secondarily derived characters of the Craniiformea within the Rhynchonelliformea.
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| 17. |
- Álvaro, J. Javier, et al.
(author)
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Submarine metalliferous carbonate mounds in the Cambrian of the Baltoscandian Basin induced by vent networks and water column stratification
- 2022
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two massive precipitation events of polymetallic ore deposits, encrusted by a mixture of authigenic carbonates, are documented from the Cambrian of the semi-enclosed Baltoscandian Basin. δ34S (‒9.33 to ‒2.08‰) and δ33S (‒4.75 to ‒1.06‰) values from the basal sulphide breccias, sourced from contemporaneous Pb–Zn–Fe-bearing vein stockworks, reflect sulphide derived from both microbial and abiotic sulphate reduction. Submarine metalliferous deposits were triggered by non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes: plumes of buoyant fluid were trapped by water column stratification because their buoyancy with respect to the environment reversed, fluids became heavier than their surroundings and gravitational forces brought them to a halt, spreading out laterally from originating vents and resulting in the lateral dispersion of effluents and sulphide particle settling. Subsequently, polymetallic exhalites were sealed by carbonate crusts displaying three generations of ikaite-to-aragonite palisade crystals, now recrystallized to calcite and subsidiary vaterite. Th of fluid inclusions in early calcite crystals, ranging from 65 to 78 ºC, provide minimum entrapment temperatures for carbonate precipitation and early recrystallization. δ13Ccarb (‒1.1 to + 1.6‰) and δ18Ocarb (‒7.6 to ‒6.5‰) values are higher than those preserved in contemporaneous glendonite concretions (‒8.5 to ‒4.7‰ and ‒12.4 to ‒9.1‰, respectively) embedded in kerogenous shales, the latter related to thermal degradation of organic matter. Hydrothermal discharges graded from highly reduced, acidic, metalliferous, and hot (~ 150 ºC) to slightly alkaline, calcium-rich and warm (< 100 ºC), controlling the precipitation of authigenic carbonates.
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| 18. |
- Anderson, Geoffrey A., et al.
(author)
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Development of a Novel Global Surgery Course for Medical Schools
- 2019
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In: Journal of Surgical Education. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-7204. ; 76:2, s. 469-479
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We endeavored to create a comprehensive course in global surgery involving multinational exchange. Design: The course involved 2 weeks of didactics, 2 weeks of clinical rotations in a low-resource setting and 1 week for a capstone project. We evaluated our success through knowledge tests, surveys of the students, and surveys of our Zimbabwean hosts. Setting: The didactic portions were held in Sweden, and the clinical portion was primarily in Harare with hospitals affiliated with the University of Zimbabwe. Participants: Final year medical students from Lund University in Sweden, Harvard Medical School in the USA and the University of Zimbabwe all participated in didactics in Sweden. The Swedish and American students then traveled to Zimbabwe for clinical work. The Zimbabwean students remained in Sweden for a clinical experience. Results: The course has been taught for 3 consecutive years and is an established part of the curriculum at Lund University, with regular participation from Harvard Medical School and the University of Zimbabwe. Participants report significant improvements in their physical exam skills and their appreciation of the needs of underserved populations, as well as confidence with global surgical concepts. Our Zimbabwean hosts thought the visitors integrated well into the clinical teams, added value to their own students’ experience and believe that the exchange should continue despite the burden associated with hosting visiting students. Conclusions: Here we detail the development of a course in global surgery for medical students that integrates didactic as well as clinical experiences in a low-resource setting. The course includes a true multilateral exchange with students from Sweden, the United States and Zimbabwe participating regularly. We hope that this course might serve as a model for other medical schools looking to establish courses in this burgeoning field.
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| 19. |
- Axelsson, Bodil, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Studying Emerging New Contexts for Museum Digitisations on Pinterest
- 2021
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In: Selected Papers from the CLARIN Annual Conference 2020. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789179296094 ; , s. 24-36
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a SweClarin cooperation project we apply topic modelling to the texts found with pins in Pin-terest boards. The data in focus are digitisations of Viking Age finds from the Swedish History Museum and the underlying research question is how they are given new contextual meanings in boards. We illustrate how topic modelling can support interpretation of polysemy and culturally situated meanings. It expands on the employment of topic modelling by accentuating the necessity of interpretation in every step of the process from capturing and cleaning the data, to modelling and visualisation. The paper concludes that the national context of digitisations of Viking Age jewellery in the Swedish History Museum’s collection management system is re-placed by several transnational contexts in which Viking Age jewellery is appreciated for its symbolical meanings and decorative functions in contemporary genres for re-imagining, relivingand performing European pasts and mythologies. The emerging contexts on Pinterest also high-light the business opportunities involved in genres such as reenactment, neo-paganism, lajv and fantasy. The boards are clues to how digitisations serve as prototypes for replicas.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Balthasar, Uwe, et al.
(author)
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Homologous skeletal secretion in tommotiids and brachiopods
- 2009
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In: Geology. - 0091-7613 .- 1943-2682. ; 37:12, s. 1143-1146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tommotiids are distinctive components of the early Cambrian small shelly fauna, almost invariably represented by isolated phosphatic sclerites derived from a multielement protective cover (scleritome). The unusual range of tommotiid sclerite morphologies and unknown construction of the scleritome have severely hampered our understanding of their phylogenetic affinities. However, recent description of rare, articulated scleritome material belonging to the tommotiid genera Eccentrotheca and Paterimitra support the hypothesis that some tommotiids fall within the stem group of the lophophorate phyla Phoronida and Brachiopoda and that at least some tommotiid sclerites are homologous precursors of the shells of organophosphatic brachiopods. Here we show that the shell microstructure of Eccentrotheca and Paterimitra share substantial similarities with paterinid brachiopods. While paterinids possess an overall brachiopod morphology, their microstructure appears more similar to Eccentrotheca and Paterimitra than to nonpaterinate lingulids. These findings strongly support the existence of a brachiopod total group that is solidly rooted within tommotiids, and identify the organophosphatic skeletal composition as plesiomorphic with calcareous shells as derived. The microstructural changes of the proposed tommotiid-brachiopod transition probably reflect an adaptation to fluctuating food and phosphorous intake that came with the switch to a sessile life style at the base of the tommotiid clade.
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| 24. |
- Bassett-Butt, Lewis, 1990-
(author)
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The Cambrian lophotrochozoans of the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica
- 2015
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The origin of many lophotrochozoan groups can be traced to “small shelly fossil” (SSF) faunas of the Early Cambrian. Antarctica is a key region of study, due to the continent’s known close geographical proximity to well-studied Australian and Indian basins in in the Cambrian. Few studies have focused on this region however, due to a paucity of data. Re-examination of camenellan sclerites from the Early Cambrian Shackleton Limestone of the Churchill Mountains of Antarctica has revealed a previously unidentified species of Dailyatia in the formation, co-occurring alongside previously described Dailyatia odyssei Evans and Rowell, 1990, as in the Arrowie Basin of Australia. Re-examination of material previously described as Kennardia sp. A and Kennardia sp. B has indicated that these taxa can likely be synonymized as a second species of Dailyatia. Dailyatia sclerites were also found in the temporally equivalent “Schneider Hills Limestone” formation, which cropsout in the Argentina Range of Antarctica. These specimens appear to belongto a third species of Dailyatia, suggesting that the spatial distribution of tommotiids in the Early Cambrian was more complex than previously recognized, and that the group may be useful in future biostratigraphic studies. A study ofthe Middle Cambrian (Drumian Stage) Nelson Limestone Formation of the Neptune Range, Antarctica has revealed a moderately diverse brachiopod and trilobite fauna. The brachiopods have strong faunal links to taxa from South Australia and India, as well as other parts of the Antarctic province, fitting independent strong evidence for a united East Gondwanan region in the Middle Cambrian. An unidentified camenellan tommotiid sclerite is also described from the Nelson Limestone. This extends the worldwide temporal range of the tommotiid clade into the Drumian Stage, and suggests that more basal members of the brachiopod stem-group survived to form part of a more diverse Middle Cambrian fauna.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bauert, Heikki, et al.
(author)
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New U-Pb zircon ages of the Sandbian (Upper Ordovician) "Big K-bentonite" in Baltoscandia (Estonia and Sweden) by LA-ICPMS
- 2014
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In: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 136:1, s. 30-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oscillatory-zoned euhedral single zircons from the upper Sandbian (Upper Ordovician) Kinnekulle K-bentonite exposed in a hillock at Paaskula in Estonia and at the type locality on Mt Kinnekulle in Sweden were dated in a grain-by-grain manner by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The U-Pb (weighed mean) ages of the 25 grains from Mt Kinnekulle and 24 grains from Paaskula are 453.4 +/- 6.6 and 454.9 +/- 4.9Ma, respectively. This study provides the first ca. 454Ma (late Sandbian) age for the Ordovician K-bentonite in northern Estonia and confirmed its correlation with the type Kinnekulle bed across the Baltic Sea.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bolkan, Håkon A, et al.
(author)
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Kirurgi for alle
- 2014
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In: Tidsskrift for Den Norske Lægeforening. - : Norwegian Medical Association. - 0029-2001. ; 134:5, s. 503-503
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Borin, Lars, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Tradita innovare, innovata tradere. The Gothenburg approach to computational lexicography
- 2024
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In: Proceedings of the Huminfra Conference (HiC 2024), Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 205: 41–50 // (Eds. Elena Volodina, Gerlof Bouma, Markus Forsberg, Dimitrios Kokkinakis, David Alfter, Mats Fridlund, Christian Horn, Lars Ahrenberg, Anna Blåder). - Linköping : LiU Electronic Press. - 1650-3686 .- 1650-3740. - 9789180755122
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Swedish computational lexicography has a long history at the University of Gothenburg, both in its primary role as a central aspect of the scientific study of vocabulary and also as an infrastructural component for conducting research based on language data. Starting in the 1960s, the Språkdata research group pioneered corpus-supported lexicography for Swedish, forming the basis for successive editions of the two main descriptive dictionaries of contemporary Swedish, SAOL and SO. Language technological lexical resources for Swedish have been developed by the research unit/research infrastructure Språkbanken Text since the turn of the millennium, most recently in the framework of the Swedish FrameNet++initiative. After two decades of separation, these two largely mutually independently developed strands of computational lexicography have now joined forces under the umbrella of Språkbanken’s lexical research infrastructure to advance the field technically, methodologically, and scientifically.
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| 32. |
- Brock, Glenn A., et al.
(author)
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Early Ordovician brachiopods from the Emanuel Formation, Canning Basin, Western Australia
- 2004
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In: Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. - : Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. - 0810-8889. ; :30, s. 113-132
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lingulate brachiopods from the type section of the Emanuel Fonnation, Canning Basin, Western Australia are described. The fauna consists on new obolid taxa, Libecoviella divaricata n. sp., Wahwahlingula? emanuelensis n. sp., and Zhanatellidae n. gen? A, and two acrotretoids, Semitreta lauriei n. sp., and Ottenbyella shidertensis (Popov & Holmer, 1994). Contemporaneous trilobite and conodont faunas indicate a late Lancefieldian (La3) to mid Bendigonian (Be2) (=earliest Arenigian) age for the Emanuel Fonnation. The lingulate fauna is largely endemic at the species level, with minor faunal links to Kazakhstan and Bohemia.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Butler, Aodhán D., 1986-
(author)
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Decoding the fossil record of early lophophorates : Systematics and phylogeny of problematic Cambrian Lophotrochozoa
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The evolutionary origins of animal phyla are intimately linked with the Cambrian explosion, a period of radical ecological and evolutionary innovation that begins approximately 540 Mya and continues for some 20 million years, during which most major animal groups appear. Lophotrochozoa, a major group of protostome animals that includes molluscs, annelids and brachiopods, represent a significant component of the oldest known fossil records of biomineralised animals, as disclosed by the enigmatic ‘small shelly fossil’ faunas of the early Cambrian. Determining the affinities of these scleritome taxa is highly informative for examining Cambrian evolutionary patterns, since many are supposed stem-group Lophotrochozoa. The main focus of this thesis pertained to the stem-group of the Brachiopoda, a highly diverse and important clade of suspension feeding animals in the Palaeozoic era, which are still extant but with only with a fraction of past diversity. Major findings include adding support for tommotiid affinity as stem-group lophophorates. Determining morphological character homologies vital to reconstructing the brachiopod stem-group was achieved by comparing Cambrian Lagerstätten with the widespread biomineralised record of Cambrian stem-brachiopods and small shelly fossils. Polarising character changes associated with the putative transition from scleritome organisms to crown-group brachiopods was furthered by the description of an enigmatic agglutinated tubular lophophorate Yuganotheca elegans from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte, China, which possesses an unusual combination of phoronid, brachiopod and tommotiid characters. These efforts were furthered by the use of X-ray tomographic techniques that revealed novel anatomical features, including exceptionally preserved setae in the tommotiid Micrina. The evidence for a common origin of columnar brachiopod shell structures in the tommotiids is suggested and critically examined. Enigmatic and problematic early and middle Cambrian lophotrochozoans are newly described or re-described in light of new evidence, namely: the stem-brachiopod Mickwitzia occidens Walcott from the Indian Springs Lagerstätte, Nevada; a putative stem-group entoproct Cotyledion tylodes Luo and Hu from Chengjiang, China; a new enigmatic family of rhynchonelliform brachiopods exemplified by the newly described Tomteluva perturbata from the Stephen Formation, Canada; and the tommotiid Micrina etheridgei (Tate) from the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Cladistic analyses of fossil morphological data supports a monophyletic Brachiopoda.
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| 35. |
- Butler, Aodhán D., 1986-
(author)
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Exceptionally Preserved Cambrian Lophotrochozoa : Taxonomy, Systematics and Taphonomy of Chengjiang and Indian Springs Lophophorates
- 2014
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The origin and evolution of Lophotrochozoa can be traced to the plethora of lower Cambrian scleritome taxa. We aim to determine the character suites linking these stem-Lophotrochozoa to their extant crown relatives, in particular the small shelly tommotiids and the stem-group brachiopods. Tracing the origin of morphological characters from these fossils informs the evolution and construction of lophotrochozoan body plans associated with the Cambrian Explosion. This is achieved by comparing records of exceptional preservation, most conspicuously Burgess Shale type Lagerstätten with more widespread Cambrian stem-brachiopods and small shelly fossils with their purported extant relatives, for example. Determining morphological character homologies is crucial to reconstructing the brachiopod stem-group and in polarising character changes associated with the putative transition from scleritome organisms to crown-group brachiopods. In this thesis arguments for a common origin of specific shell structures and exceptionally preserved soft-tissues are investigated. New records of enigmatic stem-group lophotrochozoans are described from two localities, the Indian Springs and Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Comprising the stem-brachiopod Mickwitzia cf. occidens, a putative stem-group entoproct Cotyledion tylodes and an enigmatic agglutinated tubular lophophorate possessing an unusual combination of phoronid, brachiopod and tommotiid characters, Yuganotheca elegans gen. et sp. nov. The interplay of bauplan, microbial activity and environmental factors resulting in such incidences of exceptional soft tissue preservation is also examined critically. Consequently, the evolution of through-gut bearing bilaterians is suggested as the reason for why the Cambrian hosts such a plethora of Lagerstätten. The closure of this taphonomic window is then associated with increased bioturbation following the Cambrian substrate revolution.
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| 36. |
- Butler, Aodhán D., 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Exceptionally-preserved Mickwitzia from the Indian Springs Lagerstätte.
-
In: Journal of Paleontology. - 0022-3360 .- 1937-2337.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A new assemblage of the early Cambrian stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia is described from the Indian Springs Lagerstätte possessing exceptionally preserved mantle setae. Critical analysis of shell structure and mantle setae from these specimens with those from additional sites with variable diagenetic history reveals the extent of taphonomic alteration and further sheds light on the phylogenetic position of the mickwitziids. A morphometric approach to shell outline and growth landmarks within these specimens reveals a clear species level discriminant signal of Nevada Mickwitzia in comparison to M. monlifera from Sweden. Detailed electron micrographs allow revision of the genus diagnosis for Mickwitzia based on presence of inward pointing phosphatic cones and tangential setae bearing tubes. We also conclude the inward pointing cone structures are not consistent with setal bearing structures as previously thought, but rather represent an endopunctae-like structure. A tommotiid-like shell architecture and presence of acrotretid columns in the dorsal juvenile shell of M. cf. occidens further strengthens the proposed close relationship between stem-group brachiopods and tommotiids.
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| 37. |
- Butler, Aodhán D., et al.
(author)
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Exceptionally preserved Mickwitzia from the Indian Springs Lagerstätte (Cambrian Stage 3), Nevada
- 2015
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In: Journal of Paleontology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-3360 .- 1937-2337. ; 89:6, s. 933-955
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ABSTRACT Exceptionally preserved specimens of the Cambrian stem-group brachiopod Mickwitzia occidens Walcott, 1908 are described in detail from the Indian Springs LagerstÀtte in Nevada, USA. Shell structure and preserved mantle setae from these specimens reveal a variable diagenetic (taphonomic) history and provide insight into the phylogenetic position of mickwitziids. Morphologic and morphometric comparison to M. monilifera (Linnarsson, 1869) from Sweden and M. muralensis Walcott, 1913 from British Columbia, Canada reveals clear species-level distinctions. Scanning electron microscopic analysis allows revision of the generic diagnosis. The Mickwitzia shell is characterized by the presence of inwardly pointing phosphatic cones and tangential setae-bearing tubes. The inwardly pointing cone structures are not consistent with setal bearing structures as previously thought, but rather represent endopunctae-like structures. Acrotretid-like shell structures and shell-penetrating setae in M. occidens strengthen the previously proposed close relationship between stem-group brachiopods and tommotiids, a group of small shelly fossils.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Butler, Aodhan, et al.
(author)
-
Recent palaeobiological and stratigraphical advances from the Cambrian of Estonia
- 2011
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In: The 2nd Wiman Meeting. - Uppsala. ; , s. 5-5
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The unique Cambrian sediments of Estonia represent an important and understudied component of the Baltic system. Here we present an overview of recent field studies conducted by Uppsala University in association with colleagues from the Baltic Geotourism project, that have revealed a number of exciting discoveries in terms of Cambrian palaeontology and stratigraphy of Estonia. These include new purported stem lophotrochozoans with bizarre shell structure. Current efforts to describe and systematically appraise this material are outlined. The presence of unusual shell structure and whether this is the result of taphonomic alteration or indeed represents a novel shell structure type is examined. We propose herein affinities to the inarticulate stem-brachiopod Mickwitzia based upon the presence of an umbo and the overall gross morphology. Possible new records of Estoniadiscus discinoides (Schmidt 1888), an extremely rare enigmatic organism with postulated affinities to eldonioids or other stem-group lophophorates are also described from the type section at Kakumägi, within the Kakumägi member Member of the lower Cambrian Tiskre formationFormation. The discovery of Dictyonema Rhabdinopora sp. graptolites, which have until now demarcated the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary, in-situ approximately 3 m below the previous reported occurrence from the Pakri cape section of the Kallavere formation Formation is also significant. Our findings highlight the need for both a stratigraphical and palaeobiological reapprasal of these important sequences, and their correlative implications for the Swedish and broader Baltoscandian regions.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, M. S., et al.
(author)
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Effects of mussel farms on the benthic nitrogen cycle on the Swedish west coast
- 2012
-
In: Aquaculture Environment Interactions. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 1869-215X .- 1869-7534. ; 2:2, s. 177-191
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The biogeochemical impact of 3 long-line mussel farms (M1, M2 and M3) in Lysekil, Sweden, was investigated from before farm establishment until 1.5 yr after operation had begun. Sedimentation, benthic N flux, total oxygen uptake (TOU) and sulfate reduction rate (SRR) were all significantly increased below the mussel lines at all 3 farms. Effects of increased sedimentation rates were revealed by sediment profile imaging and were highest at Stn M2. These effects increased significantly with time of farm operation, indicating the accumulation of organic matter within sediments over time. Furthermore, more total particulate organic N deposited at farm stations was recycled into the water column compared to at reference stations (similar to 45 versus similar to 13%), indicating an increased release of dissolved inorganic N from sediment below the mussel farms. At one station (M2) with the highest increase in sedimentation rate, denitrification seemed inhibited, while at another station (M3), with a less pronounced increase in sedimentation rate, denitrification was in fact stimulated, accounting for 13% of total sediment N removal. Calculations based on estimated values of N removal through mussel harvest and direct measurements of N input through changes in sedimentation, N regeneration from sediment to the water column through benthic fluxes and changes in denitrification showed, in all cases, a net removal of N from the system, as only 26 to 40% of the total amount of harvested N had been added to the sediments during the growth period.
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| 44. |
- Claybourn, Thomas, 1989-
(author)
-
Cambrian Series 2 (Stages 3-4) Small Shelly Fossils from East Antarctica
- 2017
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An assemblage of Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3-4 small shelly fossils has been recovered from the Shackleton Limestone and Holyoake Formations of East Antarctica. Small shelly fossils from the early Cambrian are an important window into the world of Cambrian palaeobiology, biostratigraphy and biogeography. The aim of this thesis is to add this view the previously under-described fauna from East Antarctica. The molluscs from the Shackleton Limestone prove important in biostratigraphic correlation to South Australia, North-East Greenland, North China and South China. Morphometric analysis of these has also yielded insights into inter- and intraspecific variation in the helcionelloid mollusc Mackinnonia. The remaining fauna contains certain key taxa for biostratigraphic comparison, such as the tommotiid Dailyatia odyssei, the bradoriid arthropod Spinospitella coronata and the brachiopod Karathele yokensis. This allows for direct correlation with the Cambrian Series 2 Stages 3-4 Dailyatia odyssei Zone of South Australia, further strengthening an already recognised close relationship between the faunas of East Antarctica and South Australia.
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| 45. |
- Claybourn, Thomas, 1989-, et al.
(author)
-
Camenellan tommotiids from the Cambrian Series 2 of East Antarctica: biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography, and systematics
- 2021
-
In: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. - : Instytut Paleobiologii PAN. - 0567-7920 .- 1732-2421. ; 66, s. 207-229
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cambrian Series 2 shelly fossils from thick carbonate successions in East Antarctica have received limited systematic treatment through the 20th century. Described here are the East Antarctic camenellan tommotiids from the Shackleton Limestone in the Central Transantarctic Mountains and the Schneider Hills limestone in the Argentina Range. This material comes from both newly sampled collections and incompletely described material from older collections. The assemblage supports correlation to the Dailyatia odyssei Zone and Pararaia janeae Trilobite Zone of South Australia, with the newly examined specimens of Dailyatia decobruta from the Shackleton Limestone providing direct correlation to the Mernmerna Formation of the Ikara-Flinders Ranges and White Point Conglomerate of Kangaroo Island. These East Antarctic assemblages include five species referred to Dailyatia, in addition to an undetermined kennardiid species and fragments of the problematic Shetlandia multiplicata. The results further corroborate the notion that fossiliferous carbonate clasts found on King George Island were sourced from the same carbonate shelf as the Shackleton Limestone, with the taxon S. multiplicata found in both units. The Schneider Hills limestone in the Argentina Range has yielded sclerites of Dailyatia icari sp. nov., currently only known from this location.
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| 46. |
- Claybourn, Thomas M., 1989-
(author)
-
Biostratigraphy and Systematics of Cambrian Small Shelly Fossils from East Antarctica and South Australia
- 2021
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The remote lower Cambrian Byrd group of sedimentary rocks from East Antarctica has been studied intermittently since its discovery over a century ago. Previous insights into the trilobites and archaeocyaths indicated a close correlation to the sedimentary sequences of South Australia. The lowest unit of the Byrd Group is the fossiliferous Shackleton Limestone which overlies the Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Beardmore Group and is representative of a long period of carbonate shelf formation on a passive margin with the palaeo-Pacific. This was truncated by marine transgression and the deposition of the deeper-water calcareous siltstones of the fossiliferous Holyoake Formation. This is overlain by the Starshot Formation and all three units are cross-cut by the Douglas Conglomerate, marking the start of a collisional tectonic regime between the East Gondwana and palaeo-Pacific plates. The first systematically sampled and analysed sections through the carbonate Shackleton Limestone and argillaceous Holyoake Formation has yielded a new fauna of small primarily phosphatic and secondarily phosphatised shelly fossils. The abundant molluscs, brachiopods and tommotiids are reported here. These findings are ideal for correlating this section to the fossil biozones of South Australia, including the Dailyatia odyssei small shelly fossil Zone and the Pararaia janeae trilobite Zone. Chemostratigraphic data from three sections preserve the profiles of two major stable carbon isotope excursions: the Mingxinsi Carbon Isotope Excursion and the Archaeocyathid Extinction Carbon isotope Excursion. The combination of these two lines of evidence are a strong indicator for Cambrian Series 2, early-mid Stage 4. This is corroborated by newly described D. odyssei-P. janeae Zone small shelly fossils from the carbonate clasts from the Cambrian Stage 4 White Point Conglomerate of South Australia which bear strong similarity to the fauna of the Shackleton Limestone. Palaeobiogeographically the fauna recovered from the Byrd Group is similar to the East Gondwanan region of South Australia, with similar brachiopod assemblages to those recovered from the Xinji Formation of North China and similar molluscan assemblages to the Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland.
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| 47. |
- Claybourn, Thomas M., 1989-, et al.
(author)
-
BRACHIOPODS FROM THE BYRD GROUP (CAMBRIAN SERIES 2, STAGE 4) CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS, EAST ANTARCTICA: BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS
- 2020
-
In: Papers in Palaeontology. - : Wiley. - 2056-2799 .- 2056-2802. ; 6:3, s. 349-383
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Brachiopods from Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4 carbonate strata of the Byrd Group in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica, are described for the first time. These include six lingulate, one paterinate, and one rhynchonelliform taxa, including the new lingulate brachiopod Plicarmus wildi gen. et sp. nov. The biostratigraphy correlates closely to the brachiopods recently reported from the Xinji Formation (Shuiyu section) in North China, as well as brachiopods recovered from the Dailyatia odyssei Zone across the Arrowie Basin of South Australia. These findings also support the previously identified close palaeobiogeography of these regions. The first unambiguous example of the acrotretid brachiopod Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis Li and Holmer outside South China is also identified in the context of its ontogenetic stages. Well preserved specimens of the acrotheloid Schizopholis yorkensis (Holmer and Ushatinskaya in Gravestock et al.) facilitates a new reconstruction of its musculature and visceral region. This data is synthesised into a new cladistic analysis that resolves Acrotheloidea as a well-supported monophyletic clade and supports previous hypotheses of a morphocline in acrotheloid evolution.
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| 48. |
- Claybourn, Thomas M, et al.
(author)
-
Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3–4 micromolluscs from the Shackleton Limestone, Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An assemblage of lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stages 3–4) molluscan fossils from the Shackleton Limestone, Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica is formally described and illustrated. The assemblage is composed of one bivalve and ten helcionelloid molluscs, including the first discovery of the genus Xinjispira outside North China. The new fauna shows some similarity to previously described micromollusc assemblages from lower Cambrian glacial erratics from the Antarctic Peninsula. The fauna of the Shackleton Limestone is mainly composed of steinkerns, and of relatively low diversity, but the presence of key taxa, including the molluscs Mackinnonia rostrata and Pojetaia runnegari and the tommotiid Dailyatia odyssei strengthens correlation to the newly defined Dailyatia oddysei Zone of South Australia
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| 49. |
- Claybourn, Thomas M., 1989-
(author)
-
Mollusks from the upper Shackleton Limestone (Cambrian Series 2), Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Paleontology. - USA : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-3360 .- 1937-2337. ; 93:3, s. 437-459
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An assemblage of Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3–4, conchiferan mollusks from the Shackleton Limestone, Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica, is formally described and illustrated. The fauna includes one bivalve, one macromollusk, and 10 micromollusks, including the first description of the species Xinjispira simplex Zhou and Xiao, 1984 outside North China. The new fauna shows some similarity to previously described micromollusks from lower Cambrian glacial erratics from the Antarctic Peninsula. The fauna, mainly composed of steinkerns, is relatively low diversity, but the presence of diagnostic taxa, including helcionelloid Davidonia rostrata (Zhou and Xiao, 1984), bivalve Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980, cambroclavid Cambroclavus absonus Conway Morris in Bengtson et al., 1990, and bradoriid Spinospitella coronata Skovsted et al., 2006, as well as the botsfordiid brachiopod Schizopholis yorkensis (Ushatinskaya and Holmer in Gravestock et al., 2001), in the overlying Holyoake Formation correlates the succession to the Dailyatia odyssei Zone (Cambrian Stages 3–4) in South Australia
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| 50. |
- Davies, J. I., et al.
(author)
-
Global surgery, obstetric, and anaesthesia indicator definitions and reporting: An Utstein consensus report
- 2021
-
In: Plos Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 18:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Indicators to evaluate progress towards timely access to safe surgical, anaesthesia, and obstetric (SAO) care were proposed in 2015 by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery. These aimed to capture access to surgery, surgical workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality rate, and catastrophic and impoverishing financial consequences of surgery. Despite being rapidly taken up by practitioners, data points from which to derive the indicators were not defined, limiting comparability across time or settings. We convened global experts to evaluate and explicitly define-for the first time-the indicators to improve comparability and support achievement of 2030 goals to improve access to safe affordable surgical and anaesthesia care globally. Methods and findings The Utstein process for developing and reporting guidelines through a consensus building process was followed. In-person discussions at a 2-day meeting were followed by an iterative process conducted by email and virtual group meetings until consensus was reached. The meeting was held between June 16 to 18, 2019; discussions continued until August 2020. Participants consisted of experts in surgery, anaesthesia, and obstetric care, data science, and health indicators from high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Considering each of the 6 indicators in turn, we refined overarching descriptions and agreed upon data points needed for construction of each indicator at current time (basic data points), and as each evolves over 2 to 5 (intermediate) and >5 year (full) time frames. We removed one of the original 6 indicators (one of 2 financial risk protection indicators was eliminated) and refined descriptions and defined data points required to construct the 5 remaining indicators: geospatial access, workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality, and catastrophic expenditure. A strength of the process was the number of people from global institutes and multilateral agencies involved in the collection and reporting of global health metrics; a limitation was the limited number of participants from low- or middle-income countries-who only made up 21% of the total attendees. Conclusions To track global progress towards timely access to quality SAO care, these indicators-at the basic level-should be implemented universally as soon as possible. Intermediate and full indicator sets should be achieved by all countries over time. Meanwhile, these evolutions can assist in the short term in developing national surgical plans and collecting more detailed data for research studies.
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