| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08003
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
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| 3. |
- Abata, E., et al.
(författare)
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Study of energy response and resolution of the ATLAS barrel calorimeter to hadrons of energies from 20 to 350 GeV
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576 .- 0167-5087. ; 621:1-3, s. 134-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fully instrumented slice of the ATLAS detector was exposed to test beams from the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) at CERN in 2004. In this paper, the results of the measurements of the response of the barrel calorimeter to hadrons with energies in the range 20-350 GeV and beam impact points and angles corresponding to pseudo-rapidity values in the range 0.2-0.65 are reported. The results are compared to the predictions of a simulation program using the Geant 4 toolkit. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 4. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical construction and installation of the ATLAS tile calorimeter
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 8, s. T11001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarises the mechanical construction and installation of the Tile Calorimeter for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN, Switzerland. The Tile Calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter using scintillator as the sensitive detector and steel as the absorber and covers the central region of the ATLAS experiment up to pseudorapidities +/- 1.7. The mechanical construction of the Tile Calorimeter occurred over a period of about 10 years beginning in 1995 with the completion of the Technical Design Report and ending in 2006 with the installation of the final module in the ATLAS cavern. During this period approximately 2600 metric tons of steel were transformed into a laminated structure to form the absorber of the sampling calorimeter. Following instrumentation and testing, which is described elsewhere, the modules were installed in the ATLAS cavern with a remarkable accuracy for a structure of this size and weight.
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| 5. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(författare)
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The optical instrumentation of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 8, s. P01005-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tile Calorimeter, covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment up to pseudorapidities of +/-1.7, is a sampling device built with scintillating tiles that alternate with iron plates. The light is collected in wave-length shifting (WLS) fibers and is read out with photomultipliers. In the characteristic geometry of this calorimeter the tiles lie in planes perpendicular to the beams, resulting in a very simple and modular mechanical and optical layout. This paper focuses on the procedures applied in the optical instrumentation of the calorimeter, which involved the assembly of about 460,000 scintillator tiles and 550,000 WLS fibers. The outcome is a hadronic calorimeter that meets the ATLAS performance requirements, as shown in this paper.
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| 6. |
- Ahlberg, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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I lagens anda : En handbok i arbetsmiljörätt
- 2008
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Boken vänder sig til chefer, skyddsombud och andra som vill börja sätta sig in i arbetsmiljörätten. Den beskriver arbetsmiljörätten från den enskilda arbetsplatsens utgångspunkt, och tyndpunkten ligger på det förebyggande arbetet inne i företaget. I denna upplaga är lagändringar t.o.m. årsskiftet 2007/2008 införda.
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| 7. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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A new Swedish reference for total and prepubertal height.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 109:4, s. 754-763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to develop up-to-date references with standard deviation scores (SDS) for prepubertal and total height.Longitudinal length/height measures from 1572 healthy children (51.5% boys) born at term in 1989-1991 to non-smoking mothers and Nordic parents were obtained from the GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg cohort. A total height SDS reference from birth to adult height was constructed from Quadratic-Exponential-Pubertal-Stop (QEPS) function estimated heights based on individual growth curves. A prepubertal height SDS reference, showing growth trajectory in the absence of puberty, was constructed using the QE functions.The total height reference showed taller prepubertal mean heights (for boys 1-2cm; for girls 0.5-1.0cm) with a narrower normal within ±2SDS range versus the GrowUp 1974 Gothenburg reference. Adult height was increased by +0.9cm for females (168.6cm) and by +1.6cm for males (182.0cm). Height in children growing at -2SDS (the cutoff used for referrals) differed up to 2cm versus the GrowUp 1974 Gothenburg reference, 3cm versus Swedish 1981 references and World Health Organization (WHO) 0-5 years standard, and 6-8cm versus the WHO 5-19 years reference.Up-to-date total and prepubertal height references offer promise of improved growth monitoring compared with the references used in Sweden today.
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| 8. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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A new type of pubertal height reference based on growth aligned for onset of pubertal growth
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-018X .- 2191-0251. ; 33:9, s. 1173-1182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Growth references of today traditionally describe growth in relation to chronological age. Despite the broad variation in age of pubertal maturation, references related to biological age are lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we aimed to develop a new type of pubertal height reference for improved growth evaluation during puberty, considering individual variation in pubertal timing. Methods: Longitudinal length/height measures were obtained from birth to adult height in 1,572 healthy Swedish children (763 girls) born at term similar to 1990 to nonsmoking mothers and Nordic parents, a subgroup of GrowUp(1990) Gothenburg cohort. A total height reference was constructed from Quadratic-Exponential-Puberty-Stop (QEPS)-function-estimated heights from individual height curves that had been aligned for time/age at onset of pubertal growth (5% of P-function growth). References that separated growth into specific pubertal height(SDS ) P-function growth) and basic height(SDS) (QES-function growth) were also generated. Results: References (cm and SDS) are presented for total height, and height subdivided into that specific to puberty and to basic growth arising independently of puberty. The usefulness of the new pubertal growth reference was explored by identifying differences in the underlying growth functions that translate into differences in pubertal height gain for children of varying body mass, height, and with different pubertal timings. Conclusions: A new type of height reference allowing alignment of individual growth curves, based on the timing of the pubertal growth spurt was developed using QEPS-model functions. This represents a paradigm shift in pubertal growth research and growth monitoring during the adolescent period.
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| 9. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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New Reference for Height in Swedish Boys and Girls
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 82 (suppl 1), s. 256. 53rd Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE). Dublin, Ireland, September 18-20, 2014. Hormone Research in Paediatrics.. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The actual Swedish growth references are based on a cohort born 1974. Objective and hypotheses: Due to secular changes there is need for new height references. Method: Material: Height measurements from birth to adult height (AH) in a cohort of healthy, Nordic and born full term 1990, 20.796 from 1647 boys, 19.202 from 1501 girls were used (ALL) and compared to both a subgroup with puberty close to mean (PHV G0.25 years) of 3.726 heights from 259 boys; 3.759 from 271 girls, and a subgroup (AM) with O10 height measurements evenly distributed (15.324 in 989 boys; 14.381 in 919 girls), and of high data quality. The 1974 cohort, with similar subgrouping, were used for comparison. Methods: For construction of height curves the LMS method was applied with LMS parameters based directly on the data: the power in the Box-Cox transformation (L), the median (M), and the generalized coefficient of variation (S). The GAMLSS R-package with a special LMS program was used, giving L, M, S and optional kurtosis as functions of age. Results: Height reference curves, with mean, G1, G2 SDS were obtained for 1990 of the ALL vs the AM material with similar results whereas the close puberty material showed the same mean but more narrow G1, G2 SDS during adolescence. When the different 1990 references were compared to 1974 references, the corresponding 1974 differences were found. The new references takes into account that the 1990 cohort had a more rapid infancy growth, increased prepubertal growth, especially in boys, increased pubertal gain, only in girls, and increased AH in both genders.
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| 10. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Novel type of references for BMI aligned for onset of puberty - using the QEPS growth model
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Despite inter-individual variations in pubertal timing, growth references are conventionally constructed relative to chronological age (C-age). Thus, they are based on reference populations containing a mix of prepubertal and pubertal individuals, making them of limited use for detecting abnormal growth during adolescence. Recently we developed new types of height and weight references, with growth aligned to age at onset of the pubertal growth spurt (P-age). Here, we aim to develop a corresponding reference for pubertal BMI. Methods The QEPS-height and weight models were used to define a corresponding QEPS-BMI model. QEPS-BMI was modified by the same individual, constitutional weight-height-factor (WHF) as computed for QEPS-weight. QEPS-BMI functions were computed with QEPS weight and height functions fitted on longitudinal measurements from 1418 individuals (698 girls) from GrowUp(1990)Gothenburg cohort. These individual BMI functions were used to develop BMI references aligned for height at AgeP5; when 5% of specific puberty-related (P-function) height had been attained. Pubertal timing, stature at pubertal onset, and childhood BMI, were investigated in subgroups of children from the cohort GrowUp(1974)Gothenburg using the new references. Results References (median, standard deviation score (SDS)) were generated for total BMI (QEPS-functions), for ongoing prepubertal growth (QE-function) vs C-age, and for total BMI and separated into BMI specific to puberty (P-function) and BMI gain from ongoing basic growth (QES-functions), allowing individual growth to be aligned based on P-age. Growth in basic BMI was greater than average for children categorized as tall and/or with high-BMI at puberty-start. In children categorized as short at puberty-start, P-function-related-BMI was greater than average. Conclusions Use of these new pubertal BMI references will make it possible for the first time to consider individual variations owing to pubertal timing when evaluating BMI. This will improve the detection of abnormal changes in body composition when used in combination with pubertal height and weight references also abnormal growth. Other benefits in the clinic will include improved growth monitoring during treatment for children who are overweight/obese or underweight. Furthermore, in research settings these new references represent a novel tool for exploring human growth.
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| 11. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Novel type of references for weight aligned for onset of puberty - using the QEPS growth model
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bmc Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Growth references are traditionally constructed relative to chronological age, despite inter-individual variations in pubertal timing. A new type of height reference was recently developed allowing growth to be aligned based on onset of pubertal height growth. We here aim to develop a corresponding reference for pubertal weight. Methods To model QEPS-weight, 3595 subjects (1779 girls) from GrowUp(1974)Gothenburg and GrowUp(1990)Gothenburg were used. The QEPS-height-model was transformed to a corresponding QEPS-weight-model; thereafter, QEPS-weight was modified by an individual, constitutional weight-height-factor. Longitudinal weight and length/height measurements from 1418 individuals (698 girls) from GrowUp(1990)Gothenburg were then used to create weight references aligned for height at pubertal onset (the age at 5% of P-function growth, AgeP5). GrowUp(1974)Gothenburg subgroups based on pubertal timing, stature at pubertal onset, and childhood body composition were assessed using the references. Results References (median, SDS) for total weight (QEPS-functions), weight specific to puberty (P-function), and weight gain in the absence of specific pubertal growth (basic weight, QES-functions), allowing alignment of individual growth based on age at pubertal onset. For both sexes, basic weight was greater than average for late maturing, tall and high-BMI subgroups. The P-function-related weight was greater than average in short and lower than average in tall children, in those with high BMI, and in girls but not boys with low BMI. Conclusions New pubertal weight references allow individual variations in pubertal timing to be taken into consideration when evaluating growth. When used together with the comparable pubertal height reference, this will improve growth monitoring in clinical practice for identifying abnormal growth and serve as a valuable research tool providing insight into human growth.
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| 12. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish references for weight, weight-for-height and body mass index: The GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110, s. 537-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To update the Swedish references for weight, weight-for-height and body mass index (BMI) considering the secular trend for height but not including that for weight. Methods Longitudinal measures of height and weight were obtained (0-18 years) from 1418 (698 girls) healthy children from the GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg cohort born at term to non-smoking mothers and Nordic parents. A total of 145 individuals with extreme BMI value vs GrowUp 1974 BMI SDS reference were excluded (0-2 years: +/- 4SDS, 2 < years: -3SDS, +2.3SDS). References were constructed using the LMS method. Results The updated weight reference became similar to the GrowUp 1974 Gothenburg reference: BMI increased rapidly up to lower levels in the 1990 cohort during infancy/early childhood, similar in both groups in late childhood/adolescence, despite lower values at +2SDS. Compared with the WHO weight standard, median and -2SDS weight values were higher for the 1990 cohort, whereas +2SDS values were lower, resulting in narrower normal range. Median values were greater and +/- 2SDS narrower for the 1990 vs the WHO weight-for-height reference. International Obesity Task force (IOTF) BMI lines for definitions for over- and underweight were added. Conclusion We present updated references for weight, weight-for-height and BMI, providing a healthy goal for weight development when monitoring growth within healthcare settings.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Matilda L., et al.
(författare)
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Habitat coupling is modified by dissolved organic carbon but not temperature in lake ecosystems
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Generalist predators play an essential role in lake ecosystems by linking spatially distinct habitats, a process known as habitat coupling. By eating a wide array of resources and moving between littoral and pelagic habitats, they link food webs and provide critical habitat stability. As climate change is expected to affect ecosystem stability, our attention should focus on how habitat coupling in these predator-stabilized systems is altered by climate change.Expected climate change effects in boreal regions are increases in temperature and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Therefore, we used stable isotopes and a space-for-time approach to examine the impact of DOC and temperature on resource use in a generalist predator, European perch (Perca fluviatilis), in 17 lakes in Sweden and Germany. We found that the impact of DOC on habitat coupling depended on fish ecotype, while both ecotypes showed increases in pelagic resource use, this will increase coupling by littoral fish, while decreasing coupling by pelagic fish. Though we found no direct effect of temperature on resource use, we did find that fish size, which decreases with warming, has an impact. We show that in the future, as fish size decreases and DOC increases, generalist predators will couple habitats less and have a more narrow dietary niche width. This shows that while perch will respond flexibly to changes in resource availability, stability may decrease in the process.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Matilda L., et al.
(författare)
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Habitat specific impacts of warming and browning on a generalist freshwater predator
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mobile generalist predators are important components of community food webs because they can forage over a large spatial range and provide links that mediate ecosystem responses to climate change. However, many species show intraspecific variation in habitat and resource use. By evaluating the effects of increased temperature and water color on a predator fish living in two contiguous habitats, we can better understand how climate change effects can be mediated by specific ecotypes’ responses, and the implications for future ecosystem functioning.Using a space for time approach, our study examines the impact of increased temperature and water color of inland waters on European perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations, differentiating between the effects on perch inhabiting littoral and pelagic habitats. We found that littoral perch abundance decreased with increasing water color, likely as a result of decreased fecundity and prey availability. Average littoral perch size decreased with increasing temperatures reinforcing the negative effects of browning in reducing littoral perch biomass. In contrast, the biomass of pelagic perch increased with increasing temperature due to increased abundance and was not impacted by water color. Combined, this resulted in a shift towards a higher proportion of the perch population occupying the pelagic habitat in warmer lakes. These shifts in size and abundance at the lake level and between habitats are likely to impact ecosystem functioning and stability as the climate continues to change and will also affect fisheries and recreation.
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| 15. |
- Appelberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Åldersanalys i fiskövervakningen : viktig miljöinformation finns i fiskars hårda vävnader
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fisk är en viktig miljöindikator i uppföljning av svenska miljömål och internationella direktiv och överenskommelser. Flera av indikatorerna som används för att beskriva rekrytering, tillväxt och åldersstruktur baseras på åldersbestämning av fisk. Åldersbestämning görs genom att läsa av tillväxtzoner på olika hårda vävnader från fisken, t.ex. otoliter, gällock, vingben och fjäll. När fisken växer avspeglas också förändringar i fiskens miljö i de hårda vävnaderna. Åldersprover av fisk tas inom många av de pågående övervakningsprogrammen, och på SLU finns också stora arkiv av åldersprover från många äldre undersökningar. I denna rapport utvärderar vi hur åldersbestämning och andra analyser av fiskens hårda vävnader kan komplettera och stärka kunskapen om fiskpopulationers och fisksamhällens struktur och funktion i svenska sötvatten och längs Östersjöns kust. Olika typer av åldersbaserade indikatorer behövs i uppföljningen av ramdirektivet för vatten, havsmiljödirektivet, art- och habitatdirektivet och som grund för en ekosystembaserad fiskeriförvaltning. Det handlar om olika mått på fiskens åldersstruktur, rekrytering, tillväxt och dödlighet, som alla utgår från åldersbestämda fiskar. Vi beskriver insamlade åldersprover från provfiskade kustområden och sjöar, och ger både publicerade och nya exempel på hur åldersdata kan användas i miljö- och fiskeriförvaltning. Vi ger också exempel på hur analyser baserade på otoliters form och kemiska sammansättning kan användas. Rekrytering av fisk varierar mer eller mindre mellan år, beroende på naturliga förutsättningar och mänsklig påverkan. Rekryteringsindex baserat på fiskens ålder ger mer specifik information än osäker tolkning baserad på fiskens storlek. Vi visar att det förekommer en betydande variation i rekryteringsindex och relativ årsklasstyrka för flera fiskarter i både mindre och större sjöar och längs kusten. Miljöförändringar påverkar också fiskens tillväxt. Vi ger exempel på åldersbaserade tillväxtanalyser, på individer och bestånd, med och utan hjälp av tillväxtmodeller. Kunskap om överlevnad och dödlighet behövs för att förstå vad som påverkar fiskbeståndens utveckling, och bör därför vara viktiga underlag för en ekosystembaserad fiskförvaltning. Vi ger flera nya exempel på att dödlighet kan uppskattas via åldersanalyser för några kustlevande fiskarter som är av intresse för yrkes- och fritidsfisket, och på hur fiskeridödlighet används i nya beståndsmodeller för siklöja i Vänern och Bottenviken. Vi analyserar också skillnader mellan ålders- och längdstruktur, som tydligt visar att det inte går att korrekt bestämma en fisks ålder utifrån dess längd. Nya och tidigare insamlade åldersprover förvaras i SLU:s biologiska arkiv. Proverna kan användas till fler analyser än vad som var syftet vid insamlingen inom miljöövervakning och andra undersökningar. Vi visar exempel på hur insamlade åldersprover kan användas för att identifiera olika bestånd av fisk. Det handlar om olika metoder baserade på otoliters form, kemisk samansättning av otoliter och fjäll, och genetisk analys av fjäll.
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| 16. |
- Bergeås Kuutmann, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of Pion and Proton Response and Longitudinal Shower Profiles up to 20 Nuclear Interaction Lengths with the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 615:2, s. 158-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The response of pions and protons in the energy range of 20–180 GeV, produced at CERN's SPS H8 test-beam line in the ATLAS iron–scintillator Tile hadron calorimeter, has been measured. The test-beam configuration allowed the measurement of the longitudinal shower development for pions and protons up to 20 nuclear interaction lengths. It was found that pions penetrate deeper in the calorimeter than protons. However, protons induce showers that are wider laterally to the direction of the impinging particle. Including the measured total energy response, the pion-to-proton energy ratio and the resolution, all observations are consistent with a higher electromagnetic energy fraction in pion-induced showers. The data are compared with GEANT4 simulations using several hadronic physics lists. The measured longitudinal shower profiles are described by an analytical shower parametrization within an accuracy of 5–10%. The amount of energy leaking out behind the calorimeter is determined and parametrized as a function of the beam energy and the calorimeter depth. This allows for a leakage correction of test-beam results in the standard projective geometry.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Berglund, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter Digitizer
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments. ; , s. 246-249
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Berglund, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter Digitizer
- 1999
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Ingår i: 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. ; 2, s. 760-764, s. 255-259
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Berglund, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter Digitizer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; :3, s. P01004-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Degerman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Long term trends of fish after liming of Swedish streams and lakes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 146, s. 245-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thousands of Swedish acidified lakes and streams have been regularly limed for about 30 years. Standard sampling of fish assemblages in lakes and streams was an important part of monitoring the trends after liming, i.e. sampling with multi-mesh gillnets in lakes (EN 14757) and electrofishing in streams (EN 14011). Monitoring data are nationally managed, in the National Register of Survey test-fishing and the Swedish Electrofishing Register. We evaluated long-term data from 1029 electrofishing sites in limed streams and gillnet sampling in 750 limed lakes, along with reference data from 195 stream sites and 101 lakes with no upstream liming in their catchments. The median year of first liming was 1986 for both streams and lakes. The proportion of limed stream sites with no fish clearly decreased with time, mean species richness and proportion of sites with brown trout (Salmo trutta) recruits increased. There were no consistent trends in fish occurrence or species richness at non-limed sites, but occurrence of brown trout recruits also increased in acid as well as neutral reference streams. Abundance of brown trout, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) increased significantly more at limed sites than at non-limed reference sites sampled before and after 1986. The mean species richness did not change consistently in limed lakes, but decreased in low alkalinity reference lakes, and fish abundance decreased significantly in limed as well as in non-limed lakes.
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| 23. |
- Donadi, Serena, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive effects of land use, river regulation, and climate on a key recreational fishing species in temperate and boreal streams
- 2021
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 66, s. 1901-1914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous anthropogenic stressors, including river regulation, excess loadings of nutrients and sediment, channelisation, as well as thermal and hydrological stressors driven by climate change impact riverine ecosystems worldwide. In a time when freshwater degradation and the rate of global warming are faster than ever, understanding the potential interactive effects of local and catchment-scale stressors with large-scale climatic conditions is essential to enhance our ability to plan effective conservation, restoration, and mitigation measures. In this study we analysed a dataset spanning the whole of Sweden using a space-for-time approach to investigate interactive effects of land use, river regulation, and climate on brown trout (Salmo trutta) abundance in streams. We found that in warmer regions trout populations were negatively affected in catchments with more intense river regulation by hydropower dams (i.e. >= 10 m(3)/km(2) total reservoir storage volume). In such catchments, a 7 degrees C warmer mean summer air temperature was associated with an average between 44% and 83% decline in trout abundance. In catchments with less intense river regulation, trout abundance instead increased moderately with increasing temperature. We also found that brown trout abundance declined with increasing areal extent of urban areas when found in combination with >= 20% agricultural land use. When agricultural land use reached maximum values (84%), brown trout abundance decreased from an average of 13 individuals per 100 m(2) in catchments with no urban areas to values <= 1 in catchments with >= 5% urban land use. Also, brown trout abundance declined with increasing agricultural land use in catchments with >= 3% urban land use. Our study brings innovative empirical evidence of interactive effects between river regulation, land use and climate on brown trout populations. From a management perspective our findings suggest that: (1) restoring natural flows (e.g. through dam removal) and riparian vegetation could mitigate adverse effects of climate change; and (2) restoration measures that minimise the effects of agriculture and urban land use (e.g. reduction of nutrient levels and restored riparian buffer zones) could help rehabilitate brown trout in catchments with high anthropogenic land use change. However, given the large observed variation between streams, we advise for bespoke management actions stemming from sound knowledge of local habitat conditions and target populations, whenever possible, using an ecosystem management-based approach.
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| 24. |
- Drakare, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Detta är IKEU: Integrerad Kalkuppföljning-programmets innehåll och resultat åren 2008-2021
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en utvärderingsrapport som sammanfattar resultat som kommit ut från pro-grammet Integrerad Kalkeffektuppföljning (IKEU) från 2008 till och med 2021. År 2008 valdes som startår då den senaste omfattande externa granskningen, inkluderande flera syntesbilagor, gjordes på data till och med 2007 från programmet som startade 1989. Kalkeffektuppföljning i IKEU:s regi innebär omfattande provtagning av biota, för att studera effekter på hela det akvatiska ekosystemet av åtgärden kalkning, något som oftast saknas i andra kalkeffektuppföljningar. IKEU fick som mest medel 2009, 16 mil-joner kronor, men därefter har anslagen succesivt minskats och planat ut på en nivå runt 7,2 miljoner kronor. Den tydligaste effekten av nerdragningarna är att årliga specialstu-dier för att vetenskapligt undersöka olika frågeställningar och göra synteser har mins-kats och sedan 2017 uteblivit helt. Även provtagningsparametrar har tagits bort, t.ex. bottenfauna i sjöars profundal. Antalet sjöar och vattendrag som studeras har också minskats från som mest 74 sjöar till i nuläget 20 stycken, samt som mest 70 vattendrag till i nuläget 29. Effekten av minskningen är att IKEU inte längre täcker in hela den del av landet som kalkning sker i utan fokuserar mest på den södra halvan av landet där för-surningspåverkan är störst. IKEU består av fem delprogram vars resultat i rapporten presenteras genom samman-fattningar av de publikationer som kommit ut under tidsperioden. Från delprogram Ef-fekter av kalkning av sjöar har åtta publikationer kommit ut. De visar bland annat att födoväven i sjöarna påverkas negativt av kalkning. Artrikedomen är i stor sett överlap-pande mellan de tre grupperna sjöar kalkade, neutrala referenser och sura referenser. Det är främst artrikedomen av växtplankton som är lägre i sura sjöar. Både neutrala och sura referenser har mer komplex födovävsstruktur än de kalkade sjöarna som vattenke-miskt liknar de neutrala referenserna. Födovävslängden är kortast i de kalkade sjöarna vilket tyder på att energiöverföringen mellan trofinivåerna är mindre effektiv i de kal-kade sjöarna. Djurplankton påverkas positivt av kalkning, särskilt hjuldjur. Återhämt-ningen av fisk i kalkade sjöar är otydlig. I okalkade sjöar finns det tydliga positiva sam-band mellan ökande pH och artrikedom, abundans, biomassa och förekomst av små och unga mörtar, men motsvarande samband är svaga eller obefintliga i kalkade sjöar. Från delprogram Kalkeffekter i vattendrag har det kommit fyra publikationer som bland annat visar att kalkning ger stora positiva effekter på fastsittande kiselalger, bottenfauna och fisk i vattendrag när samma index som används för försurningsbedömning används. Fisken återkommer till vattendrag redan efter 1 – 4 år med kalkning och i det långa tids-perspektivet på 16 år kom även arter tillbaka. Särskilt stor effekt blir det med kalkdose-rare som är bra på att minimera surstötar. Inom detta delprogram kunde också visas att man inte får väsentligt mer information om pH-förhållanden med högfrekventa mät-ningar utan det räcker med provtagningar en gång per månad. Från delprogram Kalkav-slut i sjöar och vattendrag finns det åtta publikationer under perioden. De visar bland annat att de sjöar i Tyresta som följts i upp till 17 år efter avslutad kalkning visar tydliga effekter på återförsurning. Oorganiskt aluminium ökar till nära gränsvärdet för vad som är toxiskt för fisk när pH sakta sjunker i sjöarna. En modell som tar hänsyn till partikel-fraktioner av aluminium och järn togs fram för att kunna beräkna hur kalkdoser kan minskas utan att få för höga halter av toxiskt aluminium i vattnet. I de vattendrag där kalkning har avslutats sjönk pH något, men bottenfaunan fortsatte ändå att återkoloni-sera, särskilt natt- och bäcksländor. Det finns dock generellt sett få vattendrag som man vågar sluta kalka när populationer av fisk och stormusslor äntligen räddats. Från delpro-gram Kvicksilver i abborre visar två publikationer att kalkning av sura sjöar minskar halterna av kvicksilver i fisk. Kalkning fastlägger inte kvicksilver i sedimenten, så det är andra processer som minskar biotillgängligheten av kvicksilvret. IKEU-sjöarna ingick också i studien av de nya lägre gränsvärdena för kvicksilver i fisk, anpassade till vad vattenlevande organismer tål. Studien visade att alla 2881 studerade sjöar i Sverige hade för höga halter! Delprogrammet Överkalkningseffekter visade att det fungerar relativt bra att ha en sjö med hög kalkdos uppströms t.ex. ett målvattendrag, då det inte blir några större negativa effekter på biota i sjön som fått den höga kalkdosen. Däremot samlas stora mängder kalk på sjöns botten vilket kan ses som resursslöseri. IKEU-vattnen har också ingått i andra studier, t.ex. för att utveckla försurningsbedöm-ningar. Förhistoriskt pH har bestämts genom att använda sjösediment som historiskt ar-kiv, med hjälp av kiselalger bevarade i sedimentet. Sådana studier visar att flera av Sve-riges sjöar har påverkats av försurande nedfall ända sedan medeltiden. Även rester av tofsmygglarvers käkar i sediment kan användas som historiskt arkiv, för att se vilka fiskarter det historiskt funnits i en sjö. De kan användas för att skilja ut perioder med mört, med bara abborre samt helt fisklösa perioder i en sjö. Även surhetsindexet för ki-selalger, ACID, har tagits fram med hjälp data från bland annat IKEU-vatten. Nyligen har IKEU-vatten ingått i en norsk-svensk-finsk jämförelse av försurningsbedömningar för att harmonisera ländernas sätt att bedöma försurning, något som är viktigt särskilt i de vatten som delas mellan våra länder. Den visar att ANC, ett vattens syraneutrali-serande förmåga, är ett bättre mått än pH som vattenkemisk indikator då det tydligare kopplar till effekter på biota. De toxiska fraktionerna av aluminium har studerats och resulterat i en avhandling med fokus på humösa vatten där det är visade sig vara viktigt att hålla pH över 5,7 och oorganiskt aluminium under 15 μg/l för att skydda biota. Åter-hämtningen från försurningen har stannat av i vissa vatten, t.ex. i Jämtland där åter-hämtningen avstannade 2005. Det är också tydligt att kemiskt återhämtade sjöar kan be-höva andra typer av åtgärder t.ex. att ta bort vandringshinder så att fiskar kan återkoloni-sera. IKEU-data utgör idag långa tidsserier på 33 år vilket i ett internationellt perspektiv är unika dataserier. De ingår även allt oftare i studier av klimateffekter. Tillsammans bidrar de publikationer som kommit ut från IKEU-programmet med en helhetssyn av hur kalkning påverkar de akvatiska ekosystemen kopplat till många av de andra miljöutmaningar som samtidigt sker i våra vatten med varmare klimat, förbru-ning, samt ändrad konnektivitet. Rapporten avslutas med en återkoppling av nyttan med IKEU, speciellt för Havs- och vattenmyndigheten som uppdragsgivare och länsstyrelsers kalkhandläggare som avnä-mare, där styrningen från beställaren önskas bli tydligare.
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| 25. |
- Drakare, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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EuropaBON EBV workflow templates
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The information provided here represents the EBV workflow templates collected during the EuropaBON online workshop on Essential Biodiversity Variable (EBV) workflows from 22–24 February 2023. The templates were designed to capture comprehensive descriptions about the three workflow components (data collection and sampling, data integration, and modelling) that are typical for generating EBVs. Recognising the potential value of those EBV templates for European biodiversity monitoring, our objective is to share them for enhancing transparency, knowledge exchange and collaboration, and promoting the operationalisation of EBVs across Europe.EuropaBON (https://europabon.org/) is a Horizon 2020 research and innovation action funded by the European Commission that seeks to co-design a European Biodiversity Observation Network. This network aims to bridge the gap between the biodiversity data needs of policy-makers and authorities on the one hand and the existing reporting streams and available data sources on the other hand, considering both present obligations and forthcoming policy needs. Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) are a central concept of EuropaBON as they provide a standardised framework for biodiversity monitoring and reporting. In 2023, EuropaBON had identified 70 EBVs (Junker et al., 2023) that are policy-relevant for the EU, and measurable with available and existing technologies and with a proven track record of feasibility in ongoing initiatives. EBVs require workflows to process the raw data (primary observations) through data integration and modelling into spatially-explicit EBV data products (Kissling et al., 2018; Schmeller et al., 2017). These workflows can be broken down into three main components (data collection and sampling, data integration, and modelling), with additional aspects of data interoperability and IT infrastructure being recognised as crucial for transnational data streams (Kissling & Lumbierres, 2023).To capture information about the EBV workflows, an online workshop was held on 22–24 February 2023 with 520 registered participants from 49 countries, covering a large range of expertise (Lumbierres & Kissling, 2023). Participants contributed information on EBV workflow components and advanced monitoring techniques, discussed initiatives, and identified tools and requirements for implementing 70 proposed EBVs. The information from the workshop participants was collected through pre-defined EBV workflow templates (provided as Google Docs). Templates were organised into rows representing the workflow components (‘Data collection and sampling’, ‘Data integration’, and ‘Modelling’) and columns reflecting the levels of maturity ('Current initiatives', 'Emerging tools and projects' or 'Future needs'). Prior to the workshop, some information on existing workflows was pre-filled based on previous EuropaBON deliverables, namely an assessment of the current biodiversity monitoring gaps in the EU (Santana et al., 2023) and an assessment of current EU monitoring workflows and bottlenecks (Morán-Ordóñez et al., 2023).After the workshop, the EBV workflow templates were processed to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the information. Each listed initiative was verified to be part of an active biodiversity monitoring scheme and pertinent to the specific EBV under consideration, cross-referencing with the initiative’s websites and other data collected by the EuropaBON deliverables (Morán-Ordóñez et al., 2023; Santana et al., 2023). Moreover, we ensured correct alignment of each initiative and listed requirements and needs with the appropriate workflow components and maturity levels.The EBV workflow templates provide insights into the current biodiversity monitoring landscape in Europe and how EBV production could be operationalized at the EU level. They offer detailed information about ongoing initiatives and projects, methodologies, and technologies that can be used to generate EBVs at a continental scale. Nevertheless, it is important to note that they do not encompass an exhaustive list of all ongoing or proposed initiatives of biodiversity monitoring in all member states of the EU. It is suggested to use them as a starting point and baseline for the further development of EBVs in a European context.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ek, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Behovsanalys och förslag på övervakning av fisk och kräfta : Översyn av krav på övervakning i Hjälmaren, Mälaren, Vänern och Vättern
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 2021-2023 hade SLU Aqua ett uppdrag från HaV att utvärdera den data som finns för fisk och kräftor i Sveriges stora sjöar. Projekten Miljöövervakning stora sjöarna och Bestånds- och ekosystemanalys i stora sjöar lyfter fram datainsamlingen utifrån olika syften och olika sätt.Denna rapport presenterar resultat från ett av dessa uppdrag.Eftersom uppdragen går ihop gällande inriktning och syfte är detta en sammanfattning av bägge uppdragen. Inom projektet Bestånds- och ekosystemanalys i stora sjöar gjordes en fördjupning i nuvarande datainsamling för att hitta förbättringar på hur man förvaltar fisket och ekosystemen.Inom projektet Miljöövervakning stora sjöarna utvärderades datainsamlingen och hur den utförs utifrån krav och behov inom följande direktiv:VattendirektivetArt- och habitatdirektivetEU:s förordning gällande invasiva arterBåda uppdragen gällde stora delar av den löpande fiskerioberoende datainsamlingen av fisk och kräftor i de stora sjöarna. Man har särskilt fokuserat på de stora, långsiktiga uppdragen HaV har gett till SLU Aqua – Institutionen för akvatiska resurser:hydroakustiska expeditioner med tillhörande provtrålning i den fria vattenmassan för bedömning av status hos pelagisk fisk och kvantitativ uppskattning av beståndsstorlekprovfisken med bottensatta översiktsnät för bedömning av status för bentiska arterkräftprovfisken med standardiserade betade burar.Den fiskerioberoende datainsamlingen har varit särskilt viktig för resursförvaltningen. Bedömningar av statusen hos de viktigaste fisk- och kräftbestånden baseras på data från programmen och publiceras kontinuerligt i SLU:s webbportal Fiskbarometern https://fiskbarometern.se/rapport/2023.Den fiskeriberoende datainsamlingen (till exempel fångststatistik från fisket) är också viktig för resursförvaltningen. Resultaten används inom flera områden som styr fisket, exempelvis licensprövningar, utfärdande av redskapsdispenser, utformning av tekniska fiskeregler, prioritering av fiskevårdsåtgärder med mera.Vattenförvaltningsförordningen ställer krav på kontrollerande och operativ övervakning av en rad biologiska kvalitetselement som används för bedömning av ekologisk status. Ett av dessa är fisk.Resultat från fiskundersökningar används därför också inom ramen för vattenförvaltningen. Enligt vattendirektivet ska särskild hänsyn tas till det som kallas betydande vatten, i Sverige handlar det om sjöar med en areal överstigande 100 km2. Storleken på sjöarna, att de ofta delas upp i flera vattenförekomster som fisk kan migrera mellan, den höga artrikedomen samt den ofta komplexa kombinationen av påverkanskällor medför utmaningar för bedömning av ekologisk status. I dagsläget saknas lämpliga bedömningsgrunder för fisk i betydande vatten och ofta används istället expertbedömningar.Viktigt hitta synergier mellan behov inom resurs- och vattenförvaltningÖvervakningen av fisk och kräftor ska möta behoven inom både resurs- och vattenförvaltningen. Dessa två uppdrag som nu rapporteras kan ses som ett första steg i att optimera övervakningen så att den på sikt kan tillfredsställa behov inom bägge områdena. I många fall finns betydande överlapp mellan behoven inom resurs- och vattenförvaltningen och därför behöver framtidens övervakning hitta välavvägda upplägg som genererar synergieffekter. Utvecklingen av övervakningen och dess användning inom olika förvaltningsområden behöver också samordnas med länsstyrelser, vattenvårdsförbund och andra relevanta aktörer.Betydelsen av målbilder och referenstillståndEn utmaning inom både resurs- och vattenförvaltningen är att definiera målbilder och referenstillstånd i sjöar som under lång tid varit lokalt påverkade av mänskliga aktiviteter. De stora sjöarna saknar dessutom referensområden som är opåverkade av lokala påverkanskällor. Påverkan går ofta långt tillbaka i historien, långt innan man började med datainsamling på fisk, därför är det också svårt att jämföra med opåverkade referensperioder.De båda uppdragen poängterar därför betydelsen av dels tydliga och välformulerade målbilder som tar hänsyn till lämpliga tidsperspektiv och dels att målformuleringar och uppföljning förankras med berörda aktörer som är involverade i resurs- och vattenförvaltningen. Viktigt är också att identifiera och hantera mål som står i konflikt med varandra, exempelvis gällande övergödning som sänker vattenkvalitet men i gengäld kan ge ökad resursproduktion.Betydelsen av geografisk täckningResultaten från de parallella uppdragen understryker behovet av övervakning med en god täckning av olika delområden i sjöarna. Det är statistiskt fördelaktigt med undersökningar i många olika delområden jämfört med en hög ansträngning i ett fåtal delområden. Förbättrad täckning ökar dessutom möjligheten att kunna följa och bedöma ekologisk status i de mindre vattenförekomster inom de stora sjöarna där det just nu inte sker någon datainsamling med avseende på fisk.En god täckning ger även data om fler geografiskt avgränsade delbestånd vilket kan ge bättre bedömningar av fiskresurserna. Då kan programmen också på ett bättre sätt fånga upp olika typer av habitat och olika miljö- och påverkansgradienter. Det kan bli lättare att bedöma effekter av fiske och andra påverkanskällor och även att identifiera och bevara de viktigaste områdena för fisken. Bättre täckning kan också öka sannolikheten att upptäcka och följa upp förekomsten av invasiva arter.Utveckling av indikatorer för uppföljningBåde inom resurs- och vattenförvaltningen används indikatorer för att bedöma status (hos fisk- och kräftbestånden samt miljön) och hur fiskbestånden utvecklas över tid. Indikatorerna som används är idag olika för resurs- respektive vattenförvaltningen men det finns tematiskt överlapp och behov av samordning i utvecklingen av indikatorer och tillhörande referensnivåer.De indikatorer som hittills har utvecklats för att bedöma ekologisk status i svenska sjöar kan inte tillämpas i större sjöar. Därför finns ett behov att utveckla nya indikatorer specifikt för dessa. Vissa påverkanskällor bedömdes vara särskilt viktiga att fånga upp. Dessa var övergödning, hydromorfologisk påverkan och påverkan på konnektivitet. Framtida arbete behöver identifiera hur dessa påverkanskällor påverkar enskilda fisk- och skaldjursbestånd och ekosystemet samt utveckla lämpliga indikatorer som kan följa utvecklingen.Det sker för tillfället en utveckling av indikatorer för att bättra kunna bedöma bestånden av fisk och kräfta (Nadaffi med flera 2023). Förhoppningsvis kan en del av dessa metoder och ansatser även tillämpas i utvecklingen av indikatorer inom vattenförvaltningen. Exempelvis används indikatorer för uppföljning av havsmiljödirektivet också för bedömning av beståndens status ur ett resursperspektiv (Östman med flera 2023).Urvalet av indikatorer som används inom förvaltningen kan få betydelse för prioriteringar inom datainsamlingen. Kraven på data kan skilja sig mellan olika indikatorer vilket innebär att olika indikatorer har olika behov vad gäller provtagningsdesign.Utveckling av nya metoder för datainsamlingÖkade krav och behov när både vatten- och resursförvaltning ska optimeras, i kombination med ytterligare aspekter som införande av ekosystembaserad förvaltning och krav på att antalet fiskar som dödas i undersökningarna ska minska, innebär att övervakningens metoder behöver utvecklas. Detta kan delvis lösas genom att man ser över utformning, inriktning och omfattning av befintlig övervakning men det kan också innebära att man behöver komplettera datainsamlingen med andra, nya, metoder.Nuvarande övervakning fångar dessutom inte upp alla relevanta arter, exempelvis gädda som är viktig för både fisket och ekosystemen, varför alternativa metoder som kan följa fler arter behövs. De senaste åren har det skett en teknisk utveckling av insamlings- och analysmetoder för fisk och kräftor (e-DNA, akustik till exempel) vilket kan vara aktuellt att implementera. Revidering av metodik inom övervakning tar dock tid och innebär, initialt, högre kostnader.Förutom fiskerioberoende metoder och den fiskeriberoende datainsamlingen som görs idag lyfter bägge rapporterna möjligheten att samla in ytterligare data från fisket som en alternativ metod. Trots att det finns skillnader i val av metoder, upplägg och prioriteringar kan dessutom samverkan med våra grannländer också vara ett sätt att utveckla datainsamlingen och dess tillämpningar inom både vatten- och resursförvaltningen.
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| 28. |
- Fölster, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Environmental Quality Criterion for Acidification in Swedish Lakes - An Application of Studies on the Relationship Between Biota and Water Chemistry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acid Rain - Deposition to Recovery. - Netherlands : Springer. - 9781402058844 ; , s. 331-338
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The recovery from acidification has led to the demand for more precise criteria for classification of acidification. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has revised Sweden's Ecological Quality Criteria for acidification to improve the correlation between the chemical acidification criteria and biological effects. This paper summarises the most relevant findings from several of the studies commissioned for this revision. The studies included data on water chemistry in 74 reference lakes in southern Sweden with data on fish in 61 of the lakes, as well as data on littoral fauna in 48 lakes. We found that the acidity variable most strongly correlated to the biota was the median pH from the current year. Our results probably do not reflect the mechanisms behind the negative effects of acidity on the biota, but are fully relevant for evaluation of monitoring data. The biogeochemical models used for predicting acidification reference conditions generate a pre-industrial buffering capacity. In order to get an ecologically more relevant criteria for acidification based on pH, we transferred the estimated change in buffering capacity into a corresponding change in pH. A change of 0.4 units was defined as the threshold for acidification. With this criterion a considerably lower number of Swedish lakes were classified as acidified when compared with the present Ecological Quality Criteria.
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| 29. |
- Fölster, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Environmental Quality Criterion for Acidification in Swedish Lakes – An Application of Studies on the Relationship Between Biota and Water Chemistry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1567-7230 .- 1573-2940. ; 7:1-3, s. 331-338
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recovery from acidification has led to the demand for more precise criteria for classification of acidification. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has revised Sweden’s Ecological Quality Criteria for acidification to improve the correlation between the chemical acidification criteria and biological effects. This paper summarises the most relevant findings from several of the studies commissioned for this revision. The studies included data on water chemistry in 74 reference lakes in southern Sweden with data on fish in 61 of the lakes, as well as data on littoral fauna in 48 lakes. We found that the acidity variable most strongly correlated to the biota was the median pH from the current year. Our results probably do not reflect the mechanisms behind the negative effects of acidity on the biota, but are fully relevant for evaluation of monitoring data. The biogeochemical models used for predicting acidification reference conditions generate a pre-industrial buffering capacity. In order to get an ecologically more relevant criteria for acidification based on pH, we transferred the estimated change in buffering capacity into a corresponding change in pH. A change of 0.4 units was defined as the threshold for acidification. With this criterion a considerably lower number of Swedish lakes were classified as acidified when compared with the present Ecological Quality Criteria.
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| 30. |
- Fölster, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Acidified or not? : a comparison of Nordic systems for classification of physicochemical acidification status and suggestions towards a harmonised system
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acidification of lakes and streams from long-range transboundary air pollution is one of the most severe and spatially extensive environmental problems in northern Europe and North America. The Nordic countries, with acid sensitive soils and located downwind of the industrial areas of western and central Europe were particularly affected, with local extinctions of fish populations and other harmful effects on the aquatic ecosystems. Although the deposition of acidic pollutants today is tenfold lower than during peak years in the 1980s, acidification is still a major problem due to legacy acidification of the soils in the catchments of lakes and streams.The Nordic countries have developed different criteria to classify acidification from chemical parameters and to distinguish anthropogenically acidified waters from naturally acidic waters. In brief, the different systems reflect dissimilarities in geology and climate and different forms of management. This has resulted in acidification assessments that are not directly comparable. In international reporting, for example to the UN-ECE Air convention and the EU Water Framework Directive, discrepancies among the Nordic countries reflect more the different classification systems used rather than environmental conditions. To address this issue, the Swedish Agency of Marine and Water Management and the Norwegian Environment Agency initiated a project to assess the possibility of harmonising classifications of acidification across the Nordic countries, as well as to lay a foundation for improved and harmonised systems and reporting. The project focused on analyses of a joint database, comprising data on water chemistry and biology, which was compiled by representatives from Norway, Sweden and Finland.Comparisons of the national classification systems showed marked differences. The Finnish system focuses only on rivers, with primary attention given to acidification caused by the draining of sulphide soils. Both the Norwegian and the Swedish systems focus more on anthropogenic-induced acidification by deposition and both are based on reference values calculated using the MAGIC model. However, while the Norwegian system, like the Finnish, is based on water body types and type-specific class boundaries, the Swedish system is object specific. Furthermore, the Swedish system is based on changes in the whole macroinvertebrate community (i.e. including species with varying degrees of sensitivity/tolerance to acidification), while the Norwegian system is based on empirically derived critical levels of a single species (brown trout). A comparison of the different systems showed that classification using the Swedish system was much stricter: 74 of 373 water bodies (20 %) were considered acidified (moderate status or worse) according to the Swedish system, compared to 34 of 205 streams (17 %) using Finnish system and only 10 of 470 waters (2 %) using the Norwegian system.The Nordic dataset with chemistry and biology included 165 lakes with data on littoral invertebrates, 114 lakes with data on fish, 99 streams with data on invertebrates and 80 streams with data on fish. The first objective of our study was to determine and quantify acidification indicator(s) that are robust predictors of biological change. Gradient forest and generalised additive modelling showed that the acid neutralising capacity (ANC), calculated as the difference between base cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium) and strong acid anions (sulphate, chloride and nitrate), was the strongest predictor. Our analyses also revealed that pH was a relatively poor predictor, a finding that contrasted with earlier studies on national datasets. This discrepancy might be explained by our use of a larger dataset, covering broader environmental gradients in ion concentrations and natural organic acids, compared to the earlier studies. The advantage of using ANC was further supported by analysis of interactions between environmental variables, e.g., responses between pH and biology were confounded by interactions with other environmental parameters, to a much higher degree than ANC.For lake invertebrates and fish gradient forest revealed pronounced upper thresholds at around 150 µeq/l ANC with one or two peaks between 90 and 140 µeq/l ANC. The upper threshold in the most important community changes for both stream invertebrates and fish occurred at around 200 µeq/l. The higher threshold in rivers is likely due to the higher temporal variability of acidic conditions in streams, with the biotic responses reflecting the most acidic conditions. In our analysis we used mean values since the sampling frequency was highly variable and therefore it was unlikely that acidic episodes were captured in the chemical sampling of most streams. Mean values can then be interpreted as the risk of ANC levels below the critical levels during extreme events.Here we propose an approach for Nordic classifications and exemplify this approach using the Swedish acidification index for macroinvertebrates in lakes (the MILA index). Similarly, this approach could also be applied to other indices, to streams and for fish. If decided that the approach should be developed further, we suggest that new indices are developed for ANC for both lakes and rivers using the Nordic dataset. A common Nordic classification for macroinvertebrates in lakes and rivers could then underpin classifications using ANC.For sites with circumneutral and alkaline reference conditions, the class boundaries for ANC can be set in relation to the biological classification. For naturally acidic sites, we recommend an approach where the class boundaries are expressed as an EQR instead of a fixed ANC value. The EQR-derived class boundaries should be based on a biological classification system but should be adapted to reflect sensitivities across different ANC-ranges. For example, for lakes a smaller change in ANC is accepted for good status in the range of 90-150 µeq/l ANC where most of the change in species composition for both invertebrates and fish occur.The MAGIC model, currently used for estimating reference values in both Norway and Sweden, cannot be applied to all water bodies requiring status classification. Results from our study showed that a simple regression model for reference ANC, as a function of BC, SO4 and Cl, could be calibrated using data from MAGIC-modelled lakes and rivers distributed across all of Sweden. Hence, following validation, it is expected this simple regression model could be used for Norway and Finland as well.Our approach can potentially be developed into a harmonised Nordic classification system for acidification. However, the benefits of a revised system have to be weighed against other aspects that are important for society and decision makers. For example, should thresholds be based on the environmental requirements of single, relatively sensitive, species deemed important by society, or as a gradual change in species composition from a reference condition (sensu EU Water Framework Directive) as suggested in this report? Should ANC be used as single indicator for acidification as suggested here, or is pH preferred since it is well-known and widely used, or should inorganic aluminium be used since it is more directly related to toxicity? Should an object-specific system be chosen since it results in lower classification errors, or is a type-specific system preferred due to its simplicity? Even if the different countries decide differently to these and other questions, we hope that this report provides a good foundation for continued dialog in order to ultimately achieve a more harmonised classification of acidification between countries and between chemical and biological quality elements.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Goedkoop, Willem, et al.
(författare)
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Fishing motives and economic effects of climate change – An application on Arctic char in northern Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Bioeconomics. - 1387-6996 .- 1573-6989. ; 25, s. 203-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motives for fishing differ among fishers, which may imply different effects of climate change on the net values of fishing. Climate change has impacts on fish population dynamics and on other factors in the fishers’ harvest decision, such as alternative sources of food or income. Here we present a bio-economic model that includes impacts of climate change on fish population and on net values of harvest by fishers with recreational or subsistence fishing motives. The conceptual analysis shows that the economic effects of climate change with simultaneous impacts on fish population growth and harvest values are inconclusive with common fishing access for both fisher types and when there are opposite simultaneous climate effects with exclusive access for one of the fisher types. Numerical results from our model of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in northern Sweden indicate that climate change, measured as temperature increases, reduces fish population growth but increases net values of fishing for both fisher types. The combined net effect of these counteracting forces is that annual net values can almost cease for the subsistence fisher in the future but increase considerably for the recreational fisher.
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| 33. |
- Hochberg, Ze'ev, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Trade-off and 4 Extreme Human Body Types
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 108:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Resource trade-off theory suggests that increased performance on a given trait comes at the cost of decreased performance on other traits. Methods: Growth data from 1889 subjects (996 girls) were used from the GrowUp1974 Gothenburg study. Energy Trade-Off (ETO) between height and weight for individuals with extreme body types was characterized using a novel ETO-Score (ETOS). Four extreme body types were defined based on height and ETOI at early adulthood: tall-slender, short-stout, short-slender, and tall-stout; their growth trajectories assessed from ages 0.5-17.5 years. A GWAS using UK BioBank data was conducted to identify gene variants associated with height, BMI, and for the first time with ETOS. Results: Height and ETOS trajectories show a two-hit pattern with profound changes during early infancy and at puberty for tall-slender and short-stout body types. Several loci (including FTO, ADCY3, GDF5,) and pathways were identified by GWAS as being highly associated with ETOS. The most strongly associated pathways were related to "extracellular matrix," "signal transduction," "chromatin organization," and "energy metabolism." Conclusions: ETOS represents a novel anthropometric trait with utility in describing body types. We discovered the multiple genomic loci and pathways probably involved in energy trade-off.
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| 34. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed analyzes of the relation between childhood BMIand gain in height during puberty, separated into different Components
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: We have previously found that childhood BMI is inversely related to pubertal height gain: overweight/obese children of both genders have less specific pubertal height gain. The QEPS-model (describing total growth in height as a combination of four mathematical functions), can be used for calculation of estimates of pubertal growth. Growth in height during puberty can be described as a combination of continuous ongoing growth, Q(ES), and a specific pubertal growth function, P. Objectives: To investigate the importance of when overweight/obesity starts during childhood in relation to subsequent growth in height during puberty; and to study the relationship between childhood BMI and pubertal growth functions from the QEPS-model in greater detail than previously presented. Material/Methods: The longitudinally followed GrowUpGothenburg 1990 birth cohort, with growth data from birth until adult height was analyzed, using the QEPS-model. Individual BMI-SDS values, from 3.5–8.0 years of age (n = 1901) were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses (normal /underweight, NwUw, overweight/obese, OwOb), based on the IOTF 2012 reference2. Relationships between childhood-BMI and total pubertal height gain were considered according to P-function and Q(ES)-function. Results: We found no significant difference in pubertal height gain depending on when in childhood the BMI-SDS peaked, in either sex. In general, the total pubertal growth in girls depended more on the continuous Q(ES)-function than P-function and this balance was shifted towards less P-function with higher BMI-SDS, especially for Ob girls (figure, left). NwUw boys had pubertal gain mostly from the P-function, for the Ow boys the pattern was more mixed and for Ob boys all had less P- than Q(ES)-function (figure, right). Conclusion: The results of the present study have shown that the reduced pubertal gain in height for OwOb children is not related to when during childhood the BMI peaked. For both genders, the pubertal gain shifted to less specific pubertal growth (P) and relatively more continuous growth (Q(ES)) with higher BMI-SDS.
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| 35. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating secular changes in longitudinal growth patterns underlying adult height with the QEPS model: the Grow Up Gothenburg cohorts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 84:1, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Over the past 150 years, humans have become taller, and puberty has begun earlier. It is unclear if these changes are continuing in Sweden, and how longitudinal growth patterns are involved. We aimed to evaluate the underlying changes in growth patterns from birth to adulthood by QEPS estimates in two Swedish cohorts born in 1974 and 1990. METHODS: Growth characteristics of the longitudinal 1974 and 1990-birth cohorts (n = 4181) were compared using the QEPS model together with adult heights. RESULTS: There was more rapid fetal/infancy growth in girls/boys born in 1990 compared to 1974, as shown by a faster Etimescale and they were heavier at birth. The laterborn were taller also in childhood as shown by a higher Q-function. Girls born in 1990 had earlier and more pronounced growth during puberty than girls born in 1974. Individuals in the 1990 cohort attained greater adult heights than those in the 1974 cohort; 6 mm taller for females and 10 mm for males. CONCLUSION: A positive change in adult height was attributed to more growth during childhood in both sexes and during puberty for girls. The QEPS model proved to be effective detecting small changes of growth patterns, between two longitudinal growth cohorts born only 16 years apart.
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| 36. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Difference in Secular Trend in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 82 (suppl 1), s. 132. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background, objective and hypotheses: By using QEPS, a new mathematic growth model, different components of growth can be analyzed, comparing secular trends of prepubertal and pubertal growth in Swedish birth cohorts born 1974 and 1990. Materials and methods: Two birth cohorts followed to adult height (AH) born around 1974 (1691 boys; 1666 girls) and 1990 (1647 boys; 1501 girls) being healthy, Nordic and born term. A subpopulation of 1974 (1177 boys; 1168 girls) and 1990 (989 boys; 919 girls) with < 10 height measurements evenly distributed during growth phases, and high data quality was used for comparison. The different components of the QEPS-model: (Q)uadratic, (E)xponential, (P)ubertal, and (S)top function were estimated with corresponding maximum values at AH and tempo adjusting ‘time scale ratios’ of E and P. Multivariate regression analyses were used for explaining the variation of AH. Results: Both boys and girls born 1990 compared to those born 1974 had at birth an increased lengthSDS and weightSDS and during infancy a more rapid growth (shorter Etimescale). Boys -1990 had increased prepubertal growth (P= 0.0001 for Qmax, Qheightscale), their pubertal part of growth was not significantly changed. Their AHcm increased 1.3 from 180.4 to 181.7; the variation in AH was explained to 44% by mid parental height (MPH) and birth characteristics, to 72% by adding Qmax, to 75% by pubertal onset age and to 99% by Pmax. Girls -1990 had prepubertal growth increased (P=0.05 for Qmax, Qheightscale). Their pubertal gain was markedly increased (P=0.001 for Pmax; Pheightscale), and duration decreased whereas mean menarche age remained 12.8 years. AHcm increased 0.7 from 167.6 to 168.3. AH could be explained to 52% by MPH and birth characteristics, to 71% by adding Qmax, to 75% by pubertal onset, and to 99% by Pmax. Conclusion: In cohorts born 16-years apart; a secular trend with increased AHcm was found, 1.3 in boys, due to more prepubertal growth, 0.7 in girls, due to more pubertal growth, indicating gender specific underlying regulations.
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| 37. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Growth pattern evaluation of the Edinburgh and Gothenburg cohorts by QEPS height model
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 92, s. 592-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The QEPS-growth-model, developed and validated in GrowUp-Gothenburg cohorts, used for developing growth references and investigating healthy/pathological growth, lacks external validation from other longitudinal cohorts of healthy individuals. Aim To investigate if the QEPS-model can fit the longitudinal Edinburgh growth study of another design than GrowUp-Gothenburg cohorts, and to compare growth patterns in the individuals born in mid-1970s in North-Western Europe. Methods Longitudinal growth data were obtained from the Edinburgh and the GrowUp1974Gothenburg cohorts. The QEPS-model was used to describe length/height from birth to adult height with confidence interval, and the multivariable regression model for estimating the contribution of the different QEPS-functions to adult height. Results The QEPS-model fitted the Edinburgh cohort well, with high accuracy, and low confidence intervals indicating high precision. Despite 3 cm shorter stature (less QE-function growth) in Scottish children, the growth patterns of the cohorts were similar, especially for specific pubertal growth. The contribution to adult height from different QEPS functions was similar. Conclusion The QEPS-model is validated for the first time in a longitudinal study of healthy individuals of another design and found to fit with high accuracy and precision. The Scottish and Western-Swedish cohorts born in mid-1970s showed similar growth patterns for both sexes, especially pubertal growth. Impact For the first time, the QEPS height model was used and found to fit another longitudinal cohort of healthy individuals other than the Swedish longitudinal cohorts. With large numbers of individual measurements in each growth phase, the QEPS model calculates growth estimates with narrow confidence intervals (high precision) and high accuracy. The two different cohorts born in the mid-1970s from Scotland and Western Sweden have similar growth patterns, despite a 3 cm difference in adult height.
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| 38. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Higher childhood BMI is associated with less pubertal gain
- 2015
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Ingår i: Obesity Facts (The European Journal of Obesity). - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-4025 .- 1662-4033.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: Our objective was to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) in childhood on the pattern of growth during puberty. Methods: The longitudinally followed Grow up 1990 Gothenburg birth cohort, with growth data from birth until adult height was analyzed, using the QEPS growth model (describing total height as a combination of four mathematical functions; Quadratic -Q, Exponential -E, Pubertal -P and Stop –S, Fig 1.), for calculation of estimates for pubertal growth (1). Individual BMI-SDS values, from 3.5–8 years of age (n = 1908) were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses (low/normal- nw, overweight – ow, obese– ob), based on the IOTF 2012 reference. Results: Ow/ob children already at birth were heavier and grew faster in height in the pre pubertal period compared to nw, due to an increased Q function. Ow/ob children of both genders had 3.4–4.3 months earlier puberty, reduced growth during puberty, boys and girls had 3 cm and 2 cm, respectively, less pubertal gain from the specific pubertal growth function (P) compared to their nw peers. We saw a negative dose-response effect of childhood BMI on pubertal gain, across the whole BMI spectrum (Fig 2–3.). The adult height was not related to BMI in childhood. Conclusion: For the first time, the result of the present study has shown that; the higher the BMI is in childhood, the less is the pubertal gain. Higher childhood BMI was also associated with increased pre pubertal growth due to an increased Q-function and the resulting adult height was similar for ow/ob and nw children. Reference 1.Holmgren A et al.: Horm. res. in paed. 2013;80(suppl. 1):177.
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| 39. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Insight into human pubertal growth by applying the QEPS growth model.
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computerized mathematical models describing absolute and relative individual growth during puberty in both cm and standard deviation (SD)-scores are lacking. The present study aimed to fill this gap, by applying the QEPS-model that delineates mathematically the specific pubertal functions of the total growth curve.Study population used was the individual growth curves of the longitudinally followed cohort GrowUp1974 Gothenburg (n=2280). The QEPS-model describes total height as (T)otal-function: a combination of four shape-invariant growth functions, modified by time-scale and height-scale parameters: a (Q)uadratic-function for the continuous growth from fetal life to adulthood; a negative (E)xponential-function adds the rapid, declining fetal/infancy growth; a (P)ubertal-function the specific pubertal growth spurt; a (S)top-function the declining growth until adult height. A constructed variable, MathSelect, was developed for assessing data-quality. CIs and SD-scores for growth estimates were calculated for each individual. QEPS-model estimates used for pubertal growth; from the T-function: onset of puberty as minimal height velocity (AgeT ONSET ); mid-puberty as peak height velocity (AgeT PHV ); end of puberty as height velocity decreased to 1cm/year (AgeT END ); duration of different intervals and gain (AgeT ONSET-END and Tpubgain); from the P-function: onset of puberty, estimated as growth at 1% or 5% (AgeP1 , AgeP5); mid-puberty as 50% (AgeP50) and PHV (AgeP PHV ); end of pubertal growth at 95 or 99% (AgeP95, AgeP99); duration of different intervals and pubertal gain (Ppubgain; P max ); from the QES-function: gain (QESpubgain) . RESULTS: Application of these mathematical estimates for onset, middle and end of puberty of P-function, QES-function, and T-function during puberty showed: the later the onset of puberty, the greater the adult height; pubertal gain due to the P-function growth was independent of age at onset of puberty; boys had higher total gain during puberty due to P-function growth than to QES-function growth; for girls it was reversed.QEPS is the first growth model to provide individualized estimates of both the specific pubertal growth function and the total growth during puberty, with accompanying SD-scores and Cis for each individual. These QEPS-derived estimates enable more in-depth analysis of different aspects of pubertal growth than previously possible.
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| 40. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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New puberty growth model for estimation of age for peak height velocity ompared with a manual method.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 9th Joint Meeting of Paediatric Endocrinology. 19-22 september 2013. Milan, Italien.. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: There is a lack of methods describing pubertal growth in a computerized way. Objective and hypotheses: To compare a mathematical model, describing pubertal growth, for age at start P5%, mid P50% and end P95% of pubertal growth and total curve peak height velocity (TPHV) to compare with manually identified PHV. Methods: From a new growth model (QEPs Quadratic Exponential Puberty stop) we used the P(uberty) function for estimating PO (5% of P(AUC), mid puberty as P50% and PE (95% of P(AUC)). The calculated PHV from total growth curve (TPHV) was compared with the manually identified PHV (against a ICP based grid) . The Swedish growth reference, born 1974 (n=3655 of which 2622) was selected. Results: For the 1320 boys mean (SD) of ageP50% was 13.82 (0.96), ageTPHV 13.67 (0.97) and age at PHV 13.85 (1.00). For the 1302 girls mean (SD) of ageP50% was 12.08 (0.97), ageTPH 11.81 (0.99) and age at PHV 11.93 (0.95). PO, as P5% for boys was 11.77 (1.00) and for girls 9.80 (1.04). PE, as P95% for boys was 16.16 (0.99) and for girls 14.70 (0.97) giving a mean duration for boys of 4.8 years and 4.9 years for girls. The mean age difference between PHV and TPHV was for boys 0.18 (0.38) and for girls 0.11 (0.48). The mean difference between PHV and P50% was for boys 0.03 (0.38) and for girls -0.15 (0.48). Conclusions: This new puberty growth model gives computerized information of start, mid and end of pubertal growth as well as the age at TPHV. This makes possible a better evaluation of influence of hormones, disease and environment on timing of amount of pubertal growth.
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| 41. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic populations are still getting taller - secular changes in height from the 20th to 21st century.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 108:7, s. 1311-1320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aims to investigate secular changes in adult height among Nordic reference populations during the last four decades and in parents of Swedish study participants, and to study during which growth phase(s) infancy, childhood or puberty changes in height and tempo occurred.Length and height data were obtained from publications on populations used as current and previous national height references in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Measurements from birth until adult height and original parental heights of participants in Swedish reference populations born 1956, 1974, and 1990 were used.Adult height has increased progressively in Nordic populations born in 1950s-1990s; for females by 6mm/decade Norway, 4mm; Sweden, 6mm; Finland and Denmark, 7mm; for males by 9mm/decade, in Sweden, 5mm; Finland, 7mm; Denmark 8mm; Norway, 15mm. This was due to more growth during childhood despite earlier timing of mid-puberty. Heights of Swedish parents born 1920s-1960s increased 11mm/decade for mothers, 14mm/decade for fathers.The Nordic countries comprise some of the tallest populations in the world yet continue to show a positive secular change in adult height alongside a faster tempo of growth by earlier timing of puberty, highlighting the need to regularly update national height references.
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| 42. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Pubertal height gain is inversely related to peak BMI in childhood.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1530-0447 .- 0031-3998. ; 81:3, s. 448-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundChildhood BMI may influence subsequent growth in height as well as the timing of puberty. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between BMI in childhood and subsequent height gain/pubertal growth.MethodsLongitudinal growth data were used (GrowUp1990 Gothenburg cohort, n=1901). The QEPS growth-model was used to characterize height gain in relation to the highest BMISDS value between 3.5 and 8 years of age. Children were defined as overweight/obese (OwOb) or normal weight/underweight (NwUw), using the 2012 International Obesity Task Force criteria.ResultsA negative association between childhood BMISDS and pubertal height gain was observed. Already at birth, OwOb children were heavier than NwUw children, and had a greater height velocity during childhood. Onset of puberty was 3.5/3.0 months earlier in OwOb girls/boys, and they had 2.3/3.1cm less pubertal height gain from the QEPS-models specific P-function than NwUw children. Adult height was not related to childhood BMI.ConclusionWe found that pubertal height gain was inversely related to peak BMI in childhood. Higher childhood BMISDS was associated with more growth before onset of puberty, earlier puberty and less pubertal height gain, resulting in similar adult heights for OwOb and NwUw children.
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| 43. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The Pubertal Gain in Height is Inversely Related to BMI in Childhood
- 2015
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. ; 84:Supplement 1, s. 268-69
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Weight in childhood may influence the pubertal timing and pattern of growth. Objective: To investigate the impact of BMI in childhood on further growth, especially the specific pubertal pattern of growth. Method: The longitudinally followed GrowUpGothenburg1990 birth cohort, was analyzed using the QEPS growth model (Nierop et al. Horm Res in Ped.2013; 80(suppl 1):152–153) (describing total height as a combination of four mathematical functions; Quadratic – Q, Exponential – E, Pubertal – P and Stop – S). Individual BMISDS values, from 3.5–8 years of age were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses (low/normal – Lw/Nw, overweight/obese – Ow/Ob), based on the IOTF 2012 reference (Cole TJ, Lobstein T. Pediatric obesity. 2012; 7(4):284–94.). Results: Across the whole BMI range a negative dose-response effect of childhood BMI on pubertal gain (Pmax) was found. Already at birth Owob children were heavier, and they grew faster in height in the prepubertal period compared to Lw/Nw, as evidenced by an increased Q function. Owob children of both genders had earlier puberty (91–117 days), P = 0.0004, reduced growth during puberty, boys/girls 3.13/2.26 cm less pubertal gain P<0.0001, from the specific pubertal growth function (Pmax). The adult height was not related to BMI in childhood. Conclusion: The higher BMI in childhood, the faster the prepubertal growth, the earlier onset of puberty, the less pubertal gain. This was evident across the whole BMI-range, making weight status an important modifier of growth. Funding information: This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR no 7509 and VR 2006-7777), VR/FORMAS/FORTE/VINNOVA (259-2012-38 and 2006-1624); EpiLife-TEENS research program, Pfizer AB, the Governmental Grants for University Hospital Research (ALF), the R&D Department, County of Halland, and the Foundation Växthuset for children.
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| 44. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The pubertal growth spurt is diminished in children with severe obesity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 90, s. 184-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background At the population level, there is a negative linear correlation between childhood body mass index (BMI) and pubertal height gain. However, in children with obesity, there are no studies showing whether the severity of obesity affects pubertal height gain. Moreover, how obesity in childhood affects pubertal timing is controversial, especially in boys. We aimed to investigate the impact of severe obesity in childhood on the pubertal growth spurt in both sexes. Methods The study group consisted of 68 patients (32 boys) with childhood onset obesity followed in a Spanish university hospital. The QEPS growth model was used to calculate pubertal growth function estimates for each individual. The highest individual prepubertal BMI SDS value was related to the age at onset of pubertal growth and pubertal height gain. Results were compared to analyses from individuals in a community-based setting (n = 1901) with different weight status. Results A higher peak BMI in childhood was associated with less specific pubertal height gain in children with moderate-to-extreme obesity. For boys, the higher the BMI, the earlier the onset of pubertal growth. For girls with obesity, this correlation was not linear. Conclusions Obesity in childhood impairs the pubertal growth spurt in a severity-related fashion. Impact The higher the BMI in childhood, the lower the pubertal height gain in children with moderate-to-extreme obesity. For boys with obesity, the higher the BMI, the earlier the onset of pubertal growth. The results contribute to the research field of how weight status in childhood is related to pubertal timing and pubertal growth. The results have implications for understanding how childhood obesity is related to further growth.
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| 45. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The Specific Pubertal Height Gain is Higher in Boys as Well as in Children with Lower BMISDS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Growth in height during puberty can be described by the QEPS-model as a combination of continuous basal growth, QES, and a specific pubertal growth function, P. Objective and hypotheses: To study the relationship between childhood BMISDS and the prepubertal gain and pubertal gain related to growth functions from the QEPS-model. Method: The longitudinally followed GrowUpGothenburg 1990 birth cohort, was analyzed, by the QEPS-model. Individual maximal BMISDS values, from 3.5–8.0 years of age (n=1901) were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses, underweight (blue cross), normal (blue open circles), overweight (red open circles), obese (red circles). Results: For girls (Figure left), total pubertal gain (Tpubgain) depended more on QESgain during puberty. For boys, total pubertal gain depended more on specific Pgain (Figure right). With higher BMISDS this balance was shifted towards less Pgain for both girls and boys. Before puberty, children with higher BMISDS were taller, expressed as higher QESgain, with a linear correlation over the whole BMI–range (P<0.001for both girls/ boys). Conclusion: During puberty, girls grew more due to the QES than the P functions, with opposite findings in boys. For both boys and girls, there were less Pgain and more QES- gain with higher childhood BMISDS. Before puberty, children with higher BMISDS were taller.
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| 46. |
- Holmgren, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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1a Provtagning och analysarbete
- 2009
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Ingår i: Rapport / Naturvårdsverket. - 0282-7298. ; , s. 73-103
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Holmgren, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Are perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) getting larger or smaller in Swedish lakes?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecology of Freshwater Fish. - : Wiley. - 0906-6691 .- 1600-0633. ; 32, s. 735-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-for-time approaches are often used to indicate current or future changes over time. A European gillnet standard facilitates spatial-scale comparisons of fish communities in European lakes. Fish size was generally lower and densities higher in warmer lakes, but less is known about trends over decadal time scales. We analysed the size of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in 2121 Swedish lakes sampled during 1996–2021. The aim was to test whether size changed over time, and whether trends were similar in southern and northern regions. We analysed mean length and occurrence or relative abundance of size classes from the smallest (<100 mm) to the largest individuals (≥350 mm), and length at 1 and 5 years. The large data set was used to find general trends over time within regions, and within-lake trends were tested for 40 time-series lakes. The mean length of perch decreased in the southern and increased in the northern region. The proportion of the smallest perch increased in the southern, but not in the northern region. The most general trend was an increasing occurrence and proportion of the largest-sized perch in both regions in the large dataset. The average trends in the southern region of the large dataset also appeared as predominant trends within time-series lakes, although opposite trends occurred within some lakes in each region. This study also revealed that perch size at age 1 often increased within lakes over time, while more variable trends were found for size at age 5. The duration of the growth season has generally increased during the time frame of the present study, while other changes may differ between lakes in the same region. We recommend more studies based on time series of fish monitoring, including studies on possible reasons for the increased occurrence of very large perch in Swedish lakes.
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| 48. |
- Holmgren, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Bedömningsgrunder för fiskfaunans status i sjöar : Utveckling och tillämpning av EQR8
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta arbete är en vidareutveckling av de bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet, som togs fram 1999 på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket. Det är föranlett av att EU år 2000 tog beslut om införande av ett ramdirektiv för vatten. Målet är att uppnå en god ekologisk status senast 2015, och måluppfyllelsen ska bland annat bedömas utifrån fisksamhällets struktur. Den ekologiska kvalitetskvot som föreslås nu (EQR8, baserad på åtta fiskindikatorer) har många likheter med det tidigare svenska fiskindexet (FIX). Bedömningen är baserad på ett antal fiskindikatorer som kan beräknas via fångster i standardiserade provfisken med Nordiska översiktsnät. Grundläggande indikatorer, som antal inhemska fiskarter, relativt antal individer och biomassa, är gemensamma i EQR8 och FIX. Båda metoder tar hänsyn till naturlig variation i indikatorvärdena beroende på sjöns geografiska läge, area och djup. Värdena från ett provfiske jämförs med ett beräknat, objektspecifikt referensvärde.Den viktigaste skillnaden ligger i urvalet av sjöar för uppskattning av indikatorernas referensvärden. Tidigare användes alla tillgängliga provfiskedata för att uppskatta typiska indikatorvärden. Nu användes bara det senaste provfisket i varje sjö, och urvalet begränsades till sjöar med låg påverkan av surhet (pH > 6), närsalter (totalfosforhalter < 20 μg/l) och markanvändning (jordbruk och öppen mark < 25 % och tätort och bebyggelse < 1 % av avrinningsområdets area). Även kalkade sjöar uteslöts ur referensmaterialet, som avsågs representera sjöar med hög och god status enligt ramdirektivets definitioner. Många av sjöarna har provfiskats inom regionala program, där data för påverkansklassning saknas. Länsstyrelserna bidrog till att öka dataunderlaget, och totalt klassades 508 av 1 157 sjöar som referenser eller påverkade. Referensmaterialet bestod av 116 okalkade sjöar. Resten fördelade sig mellan 168 påverkade sjöar och 224 kalkade sjöar med i övrigt uppfyllda referenskriterier.Uppdelningen av data i referenser och påverkade sjöar gav möjlighet att testa 16 fiskindikatorers respons på de utvalda typerna av påverkan. Även de kalkade sjöarna utmärkte sig genom att flera fiskindikatorer avvek i samma riktning som i sura sjöar. Resultatet användes som kriterium för att välja indikatorer till ett sammanvägt index. Skillnader mellan referenser och påverkade sjöar i både gamla och nya index undersöktes. Både FIX och EQR8 var bättre på att separera sura, jämfört med eutrofa sjöar, från referensförhållanden. EQR8 var bättre än FIX på att urskilja eutrofa sjöar.De nya bedömningsgrunderna kan förbättras ytterligare. Ett viktigt steg är att öka dataunderlaget för att klassa provfiskade sjöar som referenser eller påverkade. På sikt bör även andra typer av påverkan ingå i referenskriterierna. Det är nödvändigt för att studera effekter av till exempel klimatförändring, reglering av vattennivåer, skogsbruk, fiske och introduktion av främmande arter.
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| 49. |
- Holmgren, Kerstin
(författare)
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Betydelse av fiskens ålder vid bedömning av ekologisk status
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet var att visa hur åldersanalys av fisk i sjöar kompletterar de fiskindikatorer som ingår i dagens bedömningsgrunder för ekologisk status. Eftersom fiskars ålder sällan rapporteras från regional miljöövervakning, sammanställdes kunskap om åldersbestämning av fisk, och om åldersstruktur, rekrytering och tillväxt hos vanliga fiskarter i svenska sjöar. Exempel hämtades från nätprovfisken i miljöövervakningens trendsjöar och sjöarna i Integrerad KalkningsEffektUppföljning (IKEU), och de inkluderade abborre, braxen, gers, mört, nors, röding, sik, siklöja och öring. Åldersstrukturen illustrerades med andelen ung fisk och maxålder. Andelen ung fisk var lägre i sura än i neutrala sjöar, och andelen ung fisk minskade med ökad latitud. För de flesta arter var den äldsta fisken betydligt mindre än den största, och för abborre och mört minskade maxåldern med ökad latitud. För sjöar med årlig provtagning beräknades ett rekryteringsindex, baserat på uppskattad abundans av enskilda årsklasser tre år i rad. Det gav tydligare koppling mellan rekrytering och vattenkvalitet under enskilda år, jämfört med förekomst eller avsaknad av små mörtar. Fiskens längd vid given ålder visade sällan tydliga samband med fisketryck, surhet eller klimat, sannolikt för att fiskars tillväxt ofta begränsas av konkurrens inom och mellan arter. Abborrens tillbakaräknade tillväxt under första levnadsåret var en mer lovande indikator för uppföljning av klimatförändring. I tre fallstudier kunde åldersdata öka förståelsen för varför enklare samhällsindikatorer fluktuerade eller förändrades med tiden. Fallstudierna visade också på svagheter med nuvarande bedömningsgrunder. Med stöd av historisk kunskap och data i tidsserier från enskilda sjöar, kunde en del av bedömningsgrundernas referensvärden ifrågasättas. Med mer åldersdata från regional miljöövervakning kan andelen ung fisk av vanliga arter eventuellt inkluderas i framtida bedömningsgrunder för ekologisk status.
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| 50. |
- Holmgren, Kerstin
(författare)
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Can size distributions of European lake fish communities be predicted by trophic positions of their fish species?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An organism's body size plays an important role in ecological interactions such as predator-prey relationships. As predators are typically larger than their prey, this often leads to a strong positive relationship between body size and trophic position in aquatic ecosystems. The distribution of body sizes in a community can thus be an indicator of the strengths of predator-prey interactions. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the relationship between fish body size distribution and trophic position in a wide range of European lakes. We used quantile regression to examine the relationship between fish species' trophic position and their log-transformed maximum body mass for 48 fish species found in 235 European lakes. Subsequently, we examined whether the slopes of the continuous community size distributions, estimated by maximum likelihood, were predicted by trophic position, predator-prey mass ratio (PPMR), or abundance (number per unit effort) of fish communities in these lakes. We found a positive linear relationship between species' maximum body mass and average trophic position in fishes only for the 75% quantile, contrasting our expectation that species' trophic position systematically increases with maximum body mass for fish species in European lakes. Consequently, the size spectrum slope was not related to the average community trophic position, but there were negative effects of community PPMR and total fish abundance on the size spectrum slope. We conclude that predator-prey interactions likely do not contribute strongly to shaping community size distributions in these lakes.
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