| 1. |
- Fretwell, P., et al.
(författare)
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Bedmap2 : improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 7:1, s. 375-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Bedmap2, a new suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60 degrees S. We derived these products using data from a variety of sources, including many substantial surveys completed since the original Bedmap compilation (Bedmap1) in 2001. In particular, the Bedmap2 ice thickness grid is made from 25 million measurements, over two orders of magnitude more than were used in Bedmap1. In most parts of Antarctica the subglacial landscape is visible in much greater detail than was previously available and the improved data-coverage has in many areas revealed the full scale of mountain ranges, valleys, basins and troughs, only fragments of which were previously indicated in local surveys. The derived statistics for Bedmap2 show that the volume of ice contained in the Antarctic ice sheet (27 million km(3)) and its potential contribution to sea-level rise (58 m) are similar to those of Bedmap1, but the mean thickness of the ice sheet is 4.6% greater, the mean depth of the bed beneath the grounded ice sheet is 72m lower and the area of ice sheet grounded on bed below sea level is increased by 10 %. The Bedmap2 compilation highlights several areas beneath the ice sheet where the bed elevation is substantially lower than the deepest bed indicated by Bedmap1. These products, along with grids of data coverage and uncertainty, provide new opportunities for detailed modelling of the past and future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets.
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| 2. |
- Fujita, S., et al.
(författare)
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Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 5:4, s. 1057-1081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand the spatio-temporal variability of the glaciological environment in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, a 2800-km-long Japanese-Swedish traverse was carried out. The route includes ice divides between two ice-coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. We determined the surface mass balance (SMB) averaged over various time scales in the late Holocene based on studies of snow pits and firn cores, in addition to radar data. We find that the large-scale distribution of the SMB depends on the surface elevation and continentality, and that the SMB differs between the windward and leeward sides of ice divides for strong-wind events. We suggest that the SMB is highly influenced by interactions between the large-scale surface topography of ice divides and the wind field of strong-wind events that are often associated with high-precipitation events. Local variations in the SMB are governed by the local surface topography, which is influenced by the bedrock topography. In the eastern part of DML, the accumulation rate in the second half of the 20th century is found to be higher by similar to 15% than averages over longer periods of 722 a or 7.9 ka before AD 2008. A similar increasing trend has been reported for many inland plateau sites in Antarctica with the exception of several sites on the leeward side of the ice divides.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 6. |
- Christiansen, H. H., et al.
(författare)
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The Thermal State of Permafrost in the Nordic Area during the International Polar Year 2007-2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. - : Wiley. - 1099-1530 .- 1045-6740. ; 21:2, s. 156-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a snapshot of the permafrost thermal state in the Nordic area obtained during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2009. Several intensive research campaigns were undertaken within a variety of projects in the Nordic countries to obtain this snapshot. We demonstrate for Scandinavia that both lowland permafrost in palsas and peat plateaus, and large areas of permafrost in the mountains are at temperatures close to 0 degrees C, which makes them sensitive to climatic changes. In Svalbard and northeast Greenland, and also in the highest parts of the mountains in the rest of the Nordic area, the permafrost is somewhat colder, but still only a few degrees below the freezing point. The observations presented from the network of boreholes, more than half of which were established during the IPY, provide an important baseline to assess how future predicted climatic changes may affect the permafrost thermal state in the Nordic area. Time series of active-layer thickness and permafrost temperature conditions in the Nordic area, which are generally only 10 years in length, show generally increasing active-layer depths and risings permafrost temperatures. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Fujita, S., et al.
(författare)
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Radar diagnosis of the subglacial conditions in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 6:5, s. 1203-1219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to better understand the spatial distribution of subglacial environments, ground-based radar profiling data were analyzed for a total distance of similar to 3300 km across Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The relationship between geometrically corrected bed returned power [Pc bed] dB in decibels and ice thickness H was examined. When H is smaller than a critical value that varies according to location, [P-bed(c)](dB) tends to decrease relatively smoothly with increasing H, which is explicable primarily by the cumulative effect of dielectric attenuation within the ice. However, at locations where H is larger than the critical H values, anomalous increases and fluctuations in [P-bed(c)](dB) were observed, regardless of the choice of radar frequency or radar-pulse width. In addition, the amplitude of the fluctuations often range 10 similar to 20 dB. We argue that the anomalous increases are caused by higher bed reflectivity associated with the existence of subglacial water. We used these features to delineate frozen and temperate beds. Approximately two-thirds of the investigated area was found to have a temperate bed. The beds of the inland part of the ice sheet tend to be temperate, with the exception of subglacial high mountains. In contrast, the beds of coastal areas tend to be frozen, with the exception of fast-flowing ice on the subglacial lowland or troughs. We argue that this new analytical method can be applied to other regions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Holmlund, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Health professionals' experiences and views of obstetric ultrasound in Rwanda
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:Suppl_3, s. 367-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organizatiońs new recommendations for antenatal care (ANC) include one ultrasound examination before 24 weeks of gestation. Implementation of ultrasound in ANC in low resource countries has been shown to increase pregnant women’s compliance to ANC visits, and facilitate detection of high-risk pregnancies. The aim of this study was to explore Rwandan health professionals’ experiences and views of obstetric ultrasound in relation to clinical management, resources and skills.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study involving physicians (n = 222), obstetricians (n = 29), nurses (n = 387) and midwives (n = 269) managing pregnant women in RWANDA was performed, as part of the CROss Country Ultrasound Study (CROCUS). Data were collected at 106 health facilities from November 2016 – March 2017.Preliminary results: One third of the participants performed ultrasound examinations (32.3%) and the majority on a daily basis (60.1%). The ultrasound examination where most participants reported high level skills was evaluation of the fetal heart rate (69.0%). A majority reported no skills or low level skills (79.9%) for ultrasound examination of the fetal heart, aorta and pulmonary artery. A majority (65.0%) reported that lack of ultrasound training of the ultrasound operator sometimes led to suboptimal pregnancy management. Almost all participants (91.3%) agreed that ANC would be improved if midwives were qualified to perform basic ultrasound examinations.Conclusions: The vast majority of health professionals in the study believed that maternity care can be improved if midwives learn to perform basic ultrasound examinations. Additional training of physicians performing obstetric ultrasound was also suggested to increase the quality of obstetric ultrasound surveillance and to further improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.Key messages:Physicians managing pregnant women need more training in obstetric ultrasound.Midwives need to be educated in performing obstetric ultrasounds.
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| 12. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Sammallahti, S, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal maternal and cord blood vitamin D concentrations and negative affectivity in infancy
- 2023
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Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 32:4, s. 601-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Higher maternal vitamin D concentration during pregnancy is associated with better child mental health. Negative affectivity, an early-emerging temperamental trait, indicates an increased risk of psychopathology. We investigated if maternal early/mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and neonatal cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with Negative affectivity in infancy. We studied term-born infants from the vitamin D Intervention in Infants study (VIDI, n = 777, follow-up rate 80%, Finland), and the Generation R Study (n = 1505, follow-up rate 40%, Netherlands). We measured maternal serum 25(OH)D at 6–27 weeks (VIDI) or 18–25 weeks (Generation R) of pregnancy, and cord blood 25(OH)D at birth (both cohorts). Caregivers rated infant Negative affectivity at 11.7 months (VIDI) or 6.5 months (Generation R) using the Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Using linear regression, we tested associations between 25(OH)D and Negative affectivity adjusted for infant age, sex, season of 25(OH)D measurement, maternal age, education, smoking, and body-mass-index. Per 10 nmol/l increase in maternal early/mid-pregnancy 25(OH)D, infant Negative affectivity decreased by 0.02 standard deviations (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.06, − 0.004) in VIDI, and 0.03 standard deviations (95% CI − 0.03, − 0.01) in Generation R. Cord blood 25(OH)D was associated with Negative affectivity in Generation R (− 0.03, 95% CI − 0.05, − 0.01), but not VIDI (0.00, 95% CI − 0.02, 0.02). Lower maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were consistently associated with higher infant Negative affectivity, while associations between cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations and Negative affectivity were less clear. Maternal vitamin D status during early- and mid-pregnancy may be linked with early-emerging differences in offspring behavior.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ahlström, A. P., et al.
(författare)
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Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Glaciology. - 0022-1430 .- 1727-5652. ; 61:228, s. 745-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations show that glaciers around the world are in retreat and losing mass. Internationally coordinated for over a century, glacier monitoring activities provide an unprecedented dataset of glacier observations from ground, air and space. Glacier studies generally select specific parts of these datasets to obtain optimal assessments of the mass-balance data relating to the impact that glaciers exercise on global sea-level fluctuations or on regional runoff. In this study we provide an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). The dataset on glacier front variations (similar to 42 000 since 1600) delivers clear evidence that centennial glacier retreat is a global phenomenon. Intermittent readvance periods at regional and decadal scale are normally restricted to a subsample of glaciers and have not come close to achieving the maximum positions of the Little Ice Age (or Holocene). Glaciological and geodetic observations (similar to 5200 since 1850) show that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history, as indicated also in reconstructions from written and illustrated documents. This strong imbalance implies that glaciers in many regions will very likely suffer further ice loss, even if climate remains stable.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Andreasson, Jakob, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Franck-Condon higher order lattice excitations in the LaFe(1-x)Cr(x)O3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0) perovskites due to Fe-Cr charge transfer effects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. ; 75, s. 104302-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- First and higher order lattice excitiations in the B-site disordered perovskites LaFe(1-x)Cr(x)O3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1) and La(0.835)Sr(0.165)Fe(0.5)Cr(0.5)O(3-d) are investigated using temperature dependent and polarised inelastic light scattering [lambda = 515 nm (2.41 eV) and 676 nm (1.83 eV)] on oriented crystallites.A peak at approximately 2.4 eV in the imaginary part of the dielectric function of LaFe(0.5)Cr(0.5)O3 is assigned to a charge transfer from Fe 3+ (d5) to Cr 3+ (d3) ions and coupled the appearance of an intense Ag-like mode at approximately 700 cm-1 in the Raman data. This excitation is identified as a symmetric oxygen breathing mode activated by the Fe-Cr charge transfer through an orbital coupling mechanism. Higher order scattering (up to 7th order) of the intrinsic Raman active symmetric breathing mode is also explained by an orbital mediated, electron-phonon coupling, similar to the Franck-Condon effect observed in the Jahn-Teller active perovskite structured manganite LaMnO3. These results show that the Franck-Condon mechanism is a more common mechanism for resonant higher order scattering in solids than previously believed and propose the LaFe(1-x)Cr(x)O(3) system as a model system for electron-phonon coupling and higher order Raman scattering in solids.
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| 22. |
- Ballantyne, Kaye N., et al.
(författare)
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Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 35:8, s. 1021-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, greater than99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Björkander, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral Monocyte Expression of the Chemokine Receptors CCR2, CCR5 and CXCR3 is Altered at Parturition in Healthy Women and in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 77:3, s. 200-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monocytes are precursors of macrophages and recruited to the uterus throughout pregnancy to perform important immunological functions. In this study, we hypothesized that pregnant women have reduced peripheral monocyte expression of chemokine receptors and alterations in PBMC responses to microbial stimuli as an adaption to pregnancy and that these changes are less pronounced in women with autoimmunity. We therefore investigated the chemokine receptor expression, migratory behaviour and responses to microbial stimulation of peripheral monocytes from pregnant women at parturition (n=13) and from non-pregnant women (n=9). In addition, we compared healthy pregnant women with women suffering from SLE (n=5), a condition with pronounced systemic inflammation increasing the risk for pregnancy complications. We demonstrate that peripheral monocytes are affected by pregnancy with reduced percentages of CCR2+, CCR5+ and CXCR3+ monocytes of both classical (CD16) and inflammatory (CD16+) subsets and that the trophoblast-secreted chemokine CCL2/MCP-1 recruited monocytes of both subsets in vitro. Further, PBMCs from pregnant women had a divergent response to microbial stimulation with lower CCL5/RANTES and higher CCL2/MCP-1 secretion compared with non-pregnant women. In addition, pregnant women had lower basal PBMC-secretion of CCL5/RANTES and higher basal secretion of IL-10 and CCL2/MCP-1. Interestingly, the women with SLE responded similar to pregnancy as did healthy women with lower percentages of CCR2+, CCR5+ and CXCR3+ monocytes. However, they had increased expression of CCR5 on CD16+ monocytes and heightened PBMC-secretion of CCL5/RANTES. In conclusion, our data indicate that monocyte chemokine receptor expression and the chemokine milieu during pregnancy are tightly regulated to support pregnancy.
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| 25. |
- Björkander, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy-associated inflammatory markers are elevated in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-4666 .- 1096-0023. ; 59:2, s. 392-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During normal pregnancy a dampening in T cell-mediated immunity is compensated by an increased pro-inflammatory activity. Likewise, the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with inflammatory activity and pregnancy complications occur frequently in women with SLE. The aim of this study was to elucidate how SLE influences the chemokine and cytokine balance during and after pregnancy. Blood samples were taken from pregnant women with or without SLE at second and third trimester and 8-12 weeks after pregnancy. Cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF, IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha), chemokines (CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES and CCL17/TARC), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and soluble glycoprotein 130 (gp130) were measured in serum using cytometric bead array (CBA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Women with SLE had increased serum concentrations of CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10 and IL-10 compared to controls both during and after pregnancy. Further, when dividing the patients based on disease activity, the women with active disease had the highest levels. Importantly, women with SLE seemed to respond to pregnancy in a similar way as controls, since the changes of cytokines and chemokines over the course of pregnancy were similar but with overall higher levels in the patient group. In conclusion, changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory serum components during pregnancy in women with SLE, occurring on top of already more pro-inflammatory levels, might increase their risk for pregnancy complications and flares. How their children are affected by this heightened inflammatory milieu during pregnancy needs further investigation.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Holmlund, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Mikroekonomi
- 1998
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Holmlund, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Energy expenditure in people with motor-complete paraplegia.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Spinal Cord. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 55:8, s. 774-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: The present descriptive clinical and laboratory study is cross-sectional in design.OBJECTIVES: The primary aim is to describe and compare resting energy expenditure (REE) and energy expenditure (EE) during different standardized sedentary, non-exercise and exercise activities in people with motor-complete paraplegia (Th7 to Th12.). A secondary aim was to compare men and women.METHODS: Thirty-eight adults (10 women) with SCI, T7-T12 AIS A-B, were recruited. All the data were collected through indirect calorimetry. REE was measured in supine for 30 min after 8 h of overnight fasting. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) for activities was measured for seven minutes during sedentary, non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) and exercise activities.RESULTS: AEE increased four to eight times when engaging in NEPA compared to that in sedentary activities. Men had significantly higher resting oxygen uptake compared to women, 0.19 vs 0.15 l min(-1) (P=0.005), REE per 24 h, 1286 vs 1030 kcal (P=0.003) and EE during weight-bearing activities. However, these became nonsignificant after adjustment for body weight and speed of movement, with a mean resting oxygen uptake of 2.47 ml O2 per kg min(-1) for the whole group (women 2.43 and men 2.57 ml O2 kg(-1) min(-1), P=0.49).CONCLUSIONS: NEPA increases AEE up to eight times compared to sedentary activities. Gender differences in oxygen uptake during both rest and weight-bearing activities were diminished after adjustment for body weight. The mean resting oxygen uptake for the whole group was 2.47 ml O2 kg(-1) min(-1). These results highlight the importance, especially of NEPA, for increasing total daily EE in the target population.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Holmlund, U., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal country of origin, breast milk characteristics and potential influences on immunity in offspring
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - Oxford, Untited Kingdom : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 162:3, s. 500-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast milk contains pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines with potential to influence immunological maturation in the child. We have shown previously that country of birth is associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of breast milk. In this study we have investigated how these differences in breast milk affect the cellular response of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs, cell line HT-29) to microbial challenge. Ninety-five women were included: 30 from Mali in West Africa, 32 Swedish immigrants and 33 native Swedish women. CBMCs or IECs were stimulated in vitro with breast milk, alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN). Breast milk in general abrogated the LPS-induced down-regulation of surface CD14 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression on CB monocytes, while inhibiting the PGN-induced TLR-2 up-regulation. However, breast milk from immigrant women together with LPS induced a lower CBMC release of interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0 center dot 034) and CXCL-8/IL-8 (P = 0 center dot 037) compared with breast milk from Swedish women, while breast milk from Swedish women and Mali women tended to increase the response. The same pattern of CXCL-8/IL-8 release could be seen after stimulation of IECs (HT-29). The lower CBMC and IEC (HT-29) responses to microbial compounds by breast milk from immigrant women could be explained by the fact that breast milk from the immigrant group showed a divergent pro- and anti-inflammatory content for CXCL-8/IL-8, transforming growth factor-beta 1 and soluble CD14, compared to the other two groups of women. This may have implications for maturation of their children's immune responses.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Isaksen, K, et al.
(författare)
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Recent warming of mountain permafrost in Svalbard and Scandinavia
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. ; 112:F2, s. F02S04-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three deep boreholes (>= 100 m) in mountain permafrost were recently drilled in Svalbard (Janssonhaugen) and in Scandinavia (Tarfalaryggen and Juvvasshoe) for long-term permafrost monitoring. These holes form part of a latitudinal transect of boreholes in permafrost through Europe, established by the Permafrost and Climate in Europe (PACE) project. Six-year thermal time series data collected from the three boreholes are presented. These data provide the first opportunity for temporal trends in permafrost temperatures in Svalbard and Scandinavia to be analyzed. Results show that the permafrost has warmed considerably at all three sites. Significant warming is detectable down to at least 60 m depth, and present decadal warming rates at the permafrost surface are on the order of 0.04 degrees-0.07 degrees C yr(-1), with greatest warming in Svalbard and in northern Scandinavia. The present regional trend shows accelerated warming during the last decade.
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| 39. |
- Janssens-Maenhout, G., et al.
(författare)
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Toward an operational anthropogenic CO2 emissions monitoring and verification support capacity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007. ; 101:8, s. 1439-1451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under the Paris Agreement (PA), progress of emission reduction efforts is tracked on the basis of regular updates to national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, referred to as bottom-up estimates. However, only top-down atmospheric measurements can provide observation-based evidence of emission trends. Today, there is no internationally agreed, operational capacity to monitor anthropogenic GHG emission trends using atmospheric measurements to complement national bottom-up inventories. The European Commission (EC), the European Space Agency, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, and international experts are joining forces to develop such an operational capacity for monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions as a new CO2 service under the EC's Copernicus program. Design studies have been used to translate identified needs into defined requirements and functionalities of this anthropogenic CO2 emissions Monitoring and Verification Support (CO2MVS) capacity. It adopts a holistic view and includes components such as atmospheric spaceborne and in situ measurements, bottom-up CO2 emission maps, improved modeling of the carbon cycle, an operational data-assimilation system integrating top-down and bottom-up information, and a policy-relevant decision support tool. The CO2MVS capacity with operational capabilities by 2026 is expected to visualize regular updates of global CO2 emissions, likely at 0.05° x 0.05°. This will complement the PA's enhanced transparency framework, providing actionable information on anthropogenic CO2 emissions that are the main driver of climate change. This information will be available to all stakeholders, including governments and citizens, allowing them to reflect on trends and effectiveness of reduction measures. The new EC gave the green light to pass the CO2MVS from exploratory to implementing phase.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Malmström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient DNA Reveals Lack of Continuitybetween Neolithic Hunter-Gatherersand Contemporary Scandinavians
- 2009
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 19:20, s. 1758-1762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The driving force behind the transition from a foraging to a farming lifestyle in prehistoric Europe (Neolithization) has been debated for more than a century [1–3]. Of particular interest is whether population replacement or cultural exchange was responsible [3–5]. Scandinavia holds a unique place in this debate, for it maintained one of the last major hunter-gatherer complexes in Neolithic Europe, the Pitted Ware culture [6]. Intriguingly, these late hunter-gatherers existed in parallel to early farmers for more than a millennium before they vanished some 4,000 years ago [7, 8]. The prolonged coexistence of the two cultures in Scandinavia has been cited as an argument against population replacement between the Mesolithic and the present [7, 8]. Through analysis of DNA extracted from ancient Scandinavian human remains, we show that people of the Pitted Ware culture were not the direct ancestors of modern Scandinavians (including the Saami people of northern Scandinavia) but are more closely related to contemporary populations of the eastern Baltic region. Our findings support hypotheses arising from archaeological analyses that propose a Neolithic or post-Neolithic population replacement in Scandinavia [7]. Furthermore, our data are consistent with the view that the eastern Baltic represents a genetic refugia for some of the European hunter-gatherer populations.
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| 43. |
- Pinty, B, et al.
(författare)
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An Operational Anthropogenic CO₂ Emissions Monitoring & Verification Support Capacity : Needs and High Level Requirements for in situ Measurements
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the third report form the CO2 Monitoring Task Force on the multiple input streams of in-situ observations that are requirement for the Copernicus CO2 Monitoring and Verification Support capacity to: (i) calibrated and validate the space component, (ii) assimilate data in the models and integrate information in the core of the system, and (iii) evaluate the output generated by the system for its end users. The availability of sustained in situ networks is currently a significant factor of risk that needs to be mitigated to establish a European CO 2 support capacity which is fit-for-purpose. The current status of existing networks may be the source of large uncertainties in anthropogenicCO2 emission estimates as well as limited capability in meeting the requirements for country, large city and point source scale assessments. This conclusion results from a risk analysis formulated for four scenarios: 1) maintaining the status quo, 2) assuring sustained funding for the status quo, 3) enhancing network capabilities at European scale with sustained funding and 4) with a significantly improved in situ infrastructure in Europe and beyond. This report substantiates the multifaceted needs and requirements of the European CO2 support capacity with respect to in situ observations. The analysis concerns all core elements of the envisaged integrated system with a particular attention on the impact of such observations in achieving the proposed objectives. The specific needs for the validation of products delivered by the space component that is, the Copernicus Sentinels CO2 monitoring constellation, are addressed as another prerequisite for the success of the CO2 support capacity. This European asset will represent a significant contribution to the virtual constellation proposed by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and, accordingly, complementary requirements are elaborated in that international frame.The report highlights that although high measurement standards are present within existing networks such as ICOS, in the context of the needs for targeted in situ data for the realization of the operational system, these data are not fully fit-for-purpose. A fundamental prerequisite is to have a good geographical coverage over Europe for evaluating the data assimilation and modeling system over a large variety of environmental conditions such as, for instance, urban areas, agricultural regions, forested zones and industrial complexes. The in situ observations need to be extended under a coordinated European lead with sustained infrastructure and targeted additional and maintained long-term funding.It has been clearly understood from the onset that the international dimension of the European CO2 support capacity would be critical and that these aspects should be developed in parallel to, and in synergy with the definition and implementation of a European contributing system. It was also understood that this international dimension had both strategic, policy relevant and technical dimensions and the Commission and the relevant European institutional partners have started since several years to engage both bilaterally and multilaterally with the relevant stakeholders and counterparts to develop these relations. Specifically, CEOS will undertake, over the next few years,dedicated preparatory work in a coordinated international context, to provide cumulative added value to the specific programmatic activities of their member agencies. Concerted efforts have already begun in the context of the European Commission's Chairmanship of CEOS in 2018. It is recognized in the context of the European efforts, and increasingly by our international counterparts that a broad and holistic system approach is required to address the requirements which are represented by the climate policy, of which the satellite component, whilst important, cannot effectively be developed in isolation. This system indeed includes the satellite observing capability but in addition, the required modelling component and data integration elements, prior information, ancillary data and in situ observations delivered by essential networks.Acknowledging the need for an efficient coordination at international level for instance via the Global Atmosphere Watch programme of the World Meteorological Organisation is a key towards a successful implementation of appropriate actions to ensure the sustainability of essential networks, to enhance current network capabilities with new observations and to propose adequate governance schemes. Such actions to mitigate current network limitations are deemed critical to implementing the Copernicus CO 2 Monitoring & Verification Support capacity in its full strength.
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| 44. |
- Thurston, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile health to promote physical activity in people post stroke or transient ischemic attack : study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2377. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical activity is essential to improve health and reduce the risk of recurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Still, people post stroke or TIA are often physically inactive and the availability of physical activity promotion services are often limited. This study builds on an existing Australian telehealth-delivered programme (i-REBOUND– Let’s get moving) which provides support for home-based physical activity for people post stroke or TIA. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a mobile Health (mHealth) version of the i-REBOUND programme for the promotion of physical activity in people post stroke or TIA living in Sweden.Methods: One hundred and twenty participants with stroke or TIA will be recruited via advertisement. A parallel-group feasibility randomised controlled trial design with a 1:1 allocation ratio to 1) i-REBOUND programme receiving physical exercise and support for sustained engagement in physical activity through behavioural change techniques, or 2) behavioural change techniques for physical activity. Both interventions will proceed for six months and be delivered digitally through a mobile app. The feasibility outcomes (i.e., reach, adherence, safety and fidelity) will be monitored throughout the study. Acceptability will be assessed using the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire and further explored through qualitative interviews with a subset of both study participants and the physiotherapists delivering the intervention. Clinical outcomes on preliminary effects of the intervention will include blood pressure, engagement in physical activity, self-perceived exercise self-efficacy, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress and health-related quality of life and will be measured at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the baseline assessments.Discussion: We hypothesise that the mHealth delivery of the i-REBOUND programme will be feasible and acceptable in people post stroke/TIA living in rural and urban regions of Sweden. The results of this feasibility trial will inform the development of full-scale and appropriately powered trial to test the effects and costs of mHealth delivered physical activity for people after stroke or TIA.
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| 45. |
- Wänman, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The PerioGene North Study Uncovers Serum Proteins Related to Periodontitis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 103:10, s. 999-1007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sequalae of periodontitis include irreversible degradation of tooth-supporting structures and circulatory spread of inflammatory mediators. However, the serum protein profile in periodontitis is not well described, which is partly attributable to the limited number of studies based on large and well-characterized periodontitis cohorts. This study aims to identify novel, circulating inflammation-related proteins associated with periodontitis within the PerioGene North case-control study, which includes 478 cases with severe periodontitis and 509 periodontally healthy controls. The serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and a panel of 45 inflammation-related proteins were analyzed using targeted proteomics. A distinguishable serum protein profile was evident in periodontitis cases. The protein pattern could separate cases from controls with a sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.81 (area under the curve = 0.87). Adjusted levels for hs-CRP and 24 of the 45 proteins were different between cases and controls. High levels of hs-CRP and matrix metalloproteinase-12, and low levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR-1) were detected among the cases. Furthermore, the levels of C-C motif chemokine-19, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-3 (CSF-3), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and hs-CRP were significantly higher in cases with a high degree of gingival inflammation. The levels of CSF-3 and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member-10 TNFSF-10 were higher in cases with many deep periodontal pockets. The PerioGene North study includes detailed clinical periodontal data and uncovers a distinct serum protein profile in periodontitis. The findings of lower EGF and OLR-1 among the cases are highlighted, as this has not been presented before. The role of EGF and OLR-1 in periodontitis pathogenesis and as possible future biomarkers should be further explored.
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