| 1. |
- Ekelund, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Interventions for improving mental health in athletes : a scoping review
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - Oxon : Routledge. - 1750-984X .- 1750-9858.
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this scoping review were to map the current literature on interventions for improving mental health in athletes, identify knowledge gaps, and generate future research questions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guided this review. A systematic literature search was conducted in SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS and 44 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that 22 studies (50%) implemented cognitive behavioural principles, and the majority of these studies were influenced by various mindfulness programmes. Most studies (93%) included healthy athlete samples, and athletes aged 15–19 were the most examined age group (43%). Only three studies used clinical criteria in their sampling of participants and mediators were examined in two studies. The scarcity of studies examining mediators and subclinical or clinical samples revealed critical knowledge gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the critical appraisal showed that regardless of study design, most studies demonstrated low internal validity. We propose the use of high-quality single-case studies with athletes who experience subclinical or clinical mental health issues, and further investigation of mechanisms of change linking intervention components to outcomes of interest.
|
|
| 2. |
- Araujo, Carlos Moyses, et al.
(författare)
-
Disorder-induced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Glassy Chromites
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4, s. 4686-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report an unusual robust ferromagnetic order above room temperature upon amorphization of perovskite [YCrO3] in pulsed laser deposited thin films. This is contrary to the usual expected formation of a spin glass magnetic state in the resulting disordered structure. To understand the underlying physics of this phenomenon, we combine advanced spectroscopic techniques and first-principles calculations. We find that the observed order-disorder transformation is accompanied by an insulator-metal transition arising from a wide distribution of Cr-O-Cr bond angles and the consequent metallization through free carriers. Similar results also found in YbCrO3-films suggest that the observed phenomenon is more general and should, in principle, apply to a wider range of oxide systems. The ability to tailor ferromagnetic order above room temperature in oxide materials opens up many possibilities for novel technological applications of this counter intuitive effect.
|
|
| 3. |
- Boknäs, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between hemostatic markers and mortality in COVID-19-Compounding effects of D-dimer, antithrombin and PAP complex
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 213, s. 97-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this single-center cohort study, we applied a panel of laboratory markers to characterize hemostatic function in 217 consecutive patients that underwent testing for COVID-19 as they were admitted to Linkoping ¨ University Hospital between April and June 2020. In the 96 patients that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19+), the cumulative incidences of death and venous thromboembolism were 24.0% and 19.8% as compared to 12.4% (p = 0.031) and 11.6% (p = 0.13) in the 121 patients that tested negative (COVID-19− ). In COVID-19+ patients, we found pronounced increases in plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and fibrinogen. Excess mortality was observed in COVID-19+ patients with the following aberrations in hemostatic markers: high D-dimer, low antithrombin or low plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) formation, with Odds Ratios (OR) for death of 4.7 (95% confidence interval (CI95) 1.7–12.9; p = 0.003) for D-dimer >0.5 mg/L, 5.9 (CI95 1.8–19.7; p = 0.004) for antithrombin (AT) ˂0.85 kIU/l and 4.9 (CI95 1.3–18.3; p = 0.019) for PAP < 1000 μg/L. Compounding increases in mortality was observed in COVID-19+ patients with combined defects in markers of fibrinolysis and coagulation, with ORs for death of 15.7 (CI95 4.3–57; p < 0.001) for patients with PAP <1000 μg/L and D-dimer >0.5 mg/L and 15.5 (CI95 2.8–87, p = 0.002) for patients with PAP <1000 μg/L and AT ˂0.85 kIU/L. We observed an elevated fraction of incompletely degraded D-dimer fragments in COVID-19+ patients with low PAP, indicating impaired fibrinolytic breakdown of cross-linked fibrin.
|
|
| 4. |
- Brandén, Gunnar, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
39 000 anställningar till och med 2020 : en studie av rekryteringsbehovet i Västerbottens län
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige och Västerbotten befinner sig i en återhämtningsperiod sett till den ekonomiska och sysselsättningsmässiga utvecklingen. På medellång och lång sikt står Västerbotten, i likhet med flertalet andra län i Sverige, inför relativt stora utmaningar när det gäller matchningen mellan efterfrågan på och utbudet av arbetskraft. Mer specifikt kan detta beskrivas som en kompetensmatchningsutmaning, som i Västerbotten bland annat beror på en åldrande befolkning och en förändrad efterfrågan på arbetskraft med specifika kompetenser. Situationen innebär en påtaglig risk att vissa yrken, givet att utvecklingen fortsätter i den riktning som den gjort det senaste decenniet, kommer att uppleva kraftiga utbudsbrister eller omvänt en risk för överskott. Dessa scenarion reser ett antal viktiga frågor: Hur många inom olika yrken kommer att gå i pension? Vilka kompetenser kommer att behövas? Vilka branscher växer och vilka minskar? Hur klarar utbildningssystemet att svara mot arbetsmarknadens behov av kompetens? Kort sagt, hur kan kompetensförsörjningen förbättras så att regionen står väl rustad inför den framtida utvecklingen? Dessa och liknande frågor ska diskuteras och åtminstone delvis besvaras inom ramen för de regionala kompetensplattformar som på regeringens uppdrag etableras i respektive län. I Västerbottens län ansvarar Region Västerbotten för uppbyggnaden av den regionala kompetensplattformen.Syftet med de regionala kompetensplattformarna är att åstadkomma en ökad samverkan kring kompetensförsörjning och utbildningsplanering på kort och lång sikt. Arbetet ska leda till ökad kunskap, översikt och samordning inom kompetensförsörjnings- och utbildningsområdet. Uppdraget består av att dels utarbeta kunskapsunderlag och dels av att kommunicera dessa med arbetslivets företrädare och med utbildningsanordnare. Den föreliggande rapporten är en del i arbetet att skapa ett kvantitativt kunskapsbidrag kring framtida rekryteringsbehov i Västerbottens län.Rapportens tidshorisont sträcker sig till 2020 med ett nedslag 2015, där rekryteringsbehovet på medellång sikt beskrivs. Syftet med föreliggande rapport inbegriper att dels på ett mer generellt sätt beskriva Västerbottens arbetsmarknads- och branschstruktur, och dels belysa rekryteringsbehoven för respektive yrkesgrupp och bransch i länet. Särskilt fokus läggs vid branscher och yrken som härrör till turism, tillverkning och utvinning, företagstjänster, samt vård och omsorg. Rapporten skapar också ett underlag för att spegla näringslivets och arbetsmarknadens inneboende dynamik och förändring över tid.Sysselsättningsframskrivningarna utgår från den grundläggande frågeställningen kring regionalt utbud och efterfrågan på arbetskraft. Utbudet på arbetskraft bottnar i en individs beslut om arbetskraftsutbud, om individen skall arbeta och i sådant fall hur mycket. Detta beslut bestäms i stor utsträckning av individens syn på lönsamheten i att arbeta i termer av nytta. Deltagandet på den regionala arbetsmarknaden påverkas i sin tur av regionens efterfrågan på arbete. Värt att notera är att arbetskraftsutbudet inte alltid är den enskilde individens beslut, utan många gånger ett gemensamt val för hushållet.Efterfrågan på arbetskraft bestäms på kort sikt av arbetsgivarens beslut om hur många individer som ska anställas samt vilken kompetens som behövs utifrån ett lönsamhetsperspektiv. På lång sikt förklaras emellertid efterfrågan på arbetskraft i stor utsträckning av teknisk utveckling och internationell konkurrens. Den tekniska utvecklingen påverkar produktivitets- och produktutveckling, vilket på sikt förändrar branschers relativa positioner och efterfrågan på olika typer av arbetskraft. Intåget av datorer i produktion och organisation är ett tydligt exempel som förändrat både produktion och produkt samt vilken typ och kvantitet av arbetskraft som efterfrågas. I sammanhanget kan detta också ses som en del av den pågående strukturförändringen i den svenska ekonomin.Strukturella förändringar innebär en förskjutning av ekonomisk verksamhet mellan och inom ekonomins olika sektorer och påverkar vilken typ av arbetskraft som efterfrågas. Från 1970-talet pågår i Sverige en utveckling som innebär att tjänstesektorns relativa storlek ökar och industrisektorn minskar. Också inom respektive sektor pågår en påtaglig utveckling, där exempelvis innehållet i en tjänst eller produkt för 5-10 år sedan i många fall inte alls är jämförbart med dagens innehåll. Tredimensionella biografvisningar och mobiltelefonapplikationer utgör tydliga exempel på detta. Samtidigt utvecklas industrisektorn mot en allt mer högproduktiv produktion som innefattar ett allt större kunskapsinnehåll. Strukturomvandling och förskjutningar inom näringslivet tydliggör det faktum att den kompetens som efterfrågas av arbetsmarknaden ständigt förändras och understryker därför behovet av en kontinuerlig matchningsprocess.
|
|
| 5. |
- Chiang, Michael F., et al.
(författare)
-
International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ophthalmology. - : Elsevier. - 0161-6420 .- 1549-4713. ; 128:10, s. 51-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity is a consensus statement that creates a standard nomenclature for classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It was initially published in 1984, expanded in 1987, and revisited in 2005. This article presents a third revision, the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3), which is now required because of challenges such as: (1) concerns about subjectivity in critical elements of disease classification; (2) innovations in ophthalmic imaging; (3) novel pharmacologic therapies (e.g., antievascular endothelial growth factor agents) with unique regression and reactivation features after treatment compared with ablative therapies; and (4) recognition that patterns of ROP in some regions of the world do not fit neatly into the current classification system.Design: Review of evidence-based literature, along with expert consensus opinion. Participants: International ROP expert committee assembled in March 2019 representing 17 countries and comprising 14 pediatric ophthalmologists and 20 retinal specialists, as well as 12 women and 22 men.Methods: The committee was initially divided into 3 subcommittees-acute phase, regression or reactivation, and imaging-each of which used iterative videoconferences and an online message board to identify key challenges and approaches. Subsequently, the entire committee used iterative videoconferences, 2 in-person multiday meetings, and an online message board to develop consensus on classification.Main Outcome Measures: Consensus statement.Results: The ICROP3 retains current definitions such as zone (location of disease), stage (appearance of disease at the avascular-vascular junction), and circumferential extent of disease. Major updates in the ICROP3 include refined classification metrics (e.g., posterior zone II, notch, subcategorization of stage 5, and recognition that a continuous spectrum of vascular abnormality exists from normal to plus disease). Updates also include the definition of aggressive ROP to replace aggressive-posterior ROP because of increasing recognition that aggressive disease may occur in larger preterm infants and beyond the posterior retina, particularly in regions of the world with limited resources. ROP regression and reactivation are described in detail, with additional description of long-term sequelae.Conclusions: These principles may improve the quality and standardization of ROP care worldwide and may provide a foundation to improve research and clinical care.
|
|
| 6. |
- Danielsson, Marianne, 1968-
(författare)
-
Fängslande idéer i politik och teori : En teoretisk granskning
- 2008
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den snabbt växande litteraturen om idéer i policyprocessen, som ibland kallats ”the ideational turn” tänker man sig ofta att idéer och språk styr politikens aktörer, snarare än styrs av dem. Hur politiska problem formuleras styr vilka lösningar som ter sig rimliga. Intresset riktas mot politik som intellektuell verksamhet. Dessutom tänker man sig att de resulterande tänkesätten kring problem och lösningar – tolkningsramarna eller problembilderna – tenderar att börja leva sitt eget liv, och utanför aktörernas direkta kontroll påverka det politiska beslutsfattandet. Påståenden om verkligheten och värderingspåståenden blir alltså med ett sådant perspektiv väsentliga, eftersom de antas utgöra utgångspunkt och ram för den fortsatta formuleringen av den offentliga politiken. De stänger in och riktar blicken. I den här avhandlingen ska ett antal teorier, med stor tilltro till slagkraftiga idéers förmåga att styra och organisera tanke och handling vid utformning och upprätthållande av offentlig politik, skärskådas och prövas teoretiskt. Målet är att urskilja huruvida dessa innehåller empiriskt prövvärda teoretiska påståenden om idéers funktion i policyprocesser. Med utgångspunkt i en teorigenomgång argumenterar jag för att det verkar rimligt att förvänta sig att stabila eller instängande idéstrukturer hänger samman med stabil interaktion i policyprocesser. I så fall är det likaledes rimligt att undersöka hur reproduktion av idéer, och tröghet i förändring av policy, förhåller sig till det sätt på vilket politiken och policyproduktionen är organiserad. Ett sådant perspektiv innebär alltså att policyproduktion bör undersökas utifrån de organisatoriska och institutionella villkor som präglar den konkreta intellektuella verksamhet som krävs för att policybeslut ska materialiseras. Teorier som tycks svara mot detta krav är Maarten Hajers Discourse Coalition Framework, Paul Sabatier och Hank Jenkins-Smiths Advocacy Coalition Framework och Frank Baumgartners och Bryan Jones Punctuated Equilibrium Theory. De valda teoretikerna beskriver idéer som mer eller mindre trögrörliga sociala konstruktioner, som både är förankrade i och organiserar policyprocessen – även om de inte själva uttrycker det så. De kan alltså ses som olika teoribildningar inom samma teoriperspektiv. I avhandlingen identifieras flera problem i detta teorperspektiv. De handlar alla om de kognitiva låsningar som teorierna förutsätter som förklaringar till stabil policyproduktion. Jag menar att teorierna, för det första, inte på ett tillfredställande sätt lyckas lösa struktur-aktörproblemet utan glider mellan en föreställning om individen som ömsom strukturernas slav och ömsom dess herre, mer beroende på vad som behövs för att lösa förklaringsekvationen än på vad som verkar rimligt och troligt. För det andra ifrågasätter jag, mot bakgrund av det begränsade sociala sammanhang som en policysektor oftast är, rimligheten i att anta att det normala är att den diskurs som präglar ett politikområde förmår definiera världen för policyprocessens aktörer. För det tredje argumenterar jag för att sättet att beskriva de politiska aktörerna som i tanken ”infärgade” av en organisatoriskt, institutionellt eller socialt förankrad diskurs begränsar möjligheten att göra policyanalys till politisk maktanalys. Ett särskilt kapitel ägnas därför åt olika möjligheter att konceptualisera idéstrukturernas relation till aktörerna i policyprocesser. Detta hänger också ihop med förståelsen av makt. Jag menar nämligen att frågan om vad idéstrukturerna gör med aktörerna i policyprocessen är nära sammankopplad med hur vi ska förstå maktrelationerna i denna process. I centrum för avsnittet står den idéernas sociala praktik som är språk, kommunikation och samtal: den språkliga praktik där idéer kommer till uttryck. Frågan som ställs i detta kapitel är om det finns andra sätt än teoriernas antagande om ”kognitiv inlåsning” att tala om politiska idéer som en faktor för makt och inflytande. Detta i sin tur beror på huruvida det finns alternativa sätt att förstå idéstrukturers effekter på policyprocessens aktörer. Och om det går att på ett rimligare och mer konsistent sätt beskriva hur idéer kan skapa maktrelationer, kan vi därmed omvärdera Baumgartner och Jones, Sabatier och Jenkins Smiths, och Hajers teorier i ljuset av dessa insikter? I föreliggande text argumenterar jag för att svaret är ja på båda dessa frågor. Det nästföljande kapitlet ägnas därför åter dessa teorier, nu med fokus på hur de ska prövas empiriskt. Jag diskuterar dels olikheter mellan teorierna beträffande vilka konkreta arenor och aktörer de menar spelar roll för stabilitet i och förändring av policy, dels hur dessa påståenden kan ”översättas” till en prövning i svensk kontext. Diskussionen summeras i ett antal ur teorierna härledda prövbara, delvis konkurrerande, påståenden om hur idéer strukturerar policyprocessen. Det femte avslutande kapitlet summerar hela avhandlingen.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ekelund, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Mental Health in Athletes: Where Are the Treatment Studies?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, athletes’ mental health has gained interest among researchers, sport practitioners, and the media. However, the field of sport psychology lacks empirical evidence on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes. Thus far, intervention research in sport psychology has mainly focused on performance enhancement using between-subject designs and healthy athlete samples. In the current paper, we highlight three interrelated key issues in relation to treating mental health problems and disorders in athletes. (i) How are mental health and mental health problems and disorders defined in the sport psychology literature? (ii) How are prevalence rates of mental health problems and disorders in athletes determined? (iii) What is known about psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes? We conclude that the reliance on different definitions and assessments of mental health problems and disorders contributes to heterogeneous prevalence rates. In turn, this limits our understanding of the extent of mental health problems and disorders in athletes. Furthermore, knowledge of the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for athletes with mental health problems and disorders is scarce. Future research should include athletes with established mental health problems and disorders in intervention studies. We also propose an increased use of N-of-1 trials to enhance the knowledge of effective psychotherapeutic interventions in this population.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ekenbäck, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Energetic neutral atom imaging of comets
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 35:L05103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first computer simulated images of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) produced by charge exchange between solar wind protons and cometary neutrals. Proton bulk flow and temperature from MHD simulations are used along with a model of cometary neutral densities. The emission of hydrogen ENAs from the comet is then calculated using cross sections for the charge exchange collisions. The ENA production rate is integrated along lines of sight to produce an image of the fluxes. We find detection of hydrogen ENAs feasible and most favorable at solar zenith angles between 80 and 130 degrees.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ekenbäck, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Energetic neutral atoms around HD 209458b : estimations of magnetospheric properties
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - Bristol : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 709:2, s. 670-679
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HD 209458b is an exoplanet found to transit the disk of its parent star. Observations have shown a broad absorption signature about the Ly alpha stellar line during transit, suggesting the presence of a thick cloud of atomic hydrogen around the "hot Jupiter" HD 209458b. This work expands on an earlier work studying the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) as a result of the interaction between the stellar wind and the exosphere. We present an improved flow model of HD 209458b and use stellar wind values similar to those in our solar system. We find that the ENA production is high enough to explain the observations, and we show that-using expected values for the stellar wind and exosphere-the spatial and velocity distributions of ENAs would give absorption in good agreement with the observations. We also study how the production of ENAs depends on the exospheric parameters and establish an upper limit for the obstacle standoff distance at approximately 4-10 planetary radii. Finally, we compare the results obtained for the obstacle standoff distance with existing exomagnetospheric models and show how the magnetic moment of HD 209458b can be estimated from ENA observations.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Ekenbäck, Andreas, 1975-
(författare)
-
Numerical modelling of ENAs from stellar wind interactions
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) are produced whenever a stellar wind encounters a neutral atmosphere. If a stellar wind proton comes sufficiently close to a neutral a charge-exchange reaction may take place, transforming the proton into an ENA. Unaffected by magnetic and electric fields, ENAs provide an opportunity for global imaging of stellar wind interactions.This thesis presents methods and results of numerical modelling of stellar wind interactions. In particular it treats in depth production of ENAs at comets, Mars and the extrasolar planet HD 209458b.Sufficiently accurate numerical models of stellar wind interactions require extensive computations. Parallel computing has therefore been used throughout the work, both for fluid and particle simulations of space plasmas. This thesis describes the use of a general simulation tool, providing parallel computing for space plasma simulations.The thesis presents estimations of the magnitude and morphology of the ENA production at comets and HD 209458b. It compares the results obtained with observations and analyzes them in the light of ENA production at similar objects. Also, simulated ENA images for Mars were produced and compared to observations.
|
|
| 12. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
New ways of collecting individual travel information : Evaluation of data collection and recruitment methods
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall purpose of the project is to conduct a demonstration study that shows how two data collection methods that have been developed to collect travel survey data perform in the field, and how they perform compared with traditional TS (i.e., postal questionnaires and/or telephone interviews). The project is also intended to provide a better understanding of the ways in which different recruitment methods of respondents can be used so that future TS can be more cost effective.The two collection methods tested consist of a mobile app and an online questionnaire with a map to assist the respondents to identify travel destinations. Three recruitment methods were used, i.e., recruitment via random sampling, a web panel, and crowdsourcing. The portion of the random sample that received an online questionnaire was divided into two groups. Half the group was given no incentive, while the other half received a gift card worth SEK 100 after answering the questioner. Those who were recruited via a web panel and were to use the mobile app were rewarded in the form of a gift card worth SEK 100 if, at minimum, they made corrections to trips made on one day registered in the mobile app. A nonresponse analysis was performed of the random sample for both the online questionnaire and the mobile app. Cost estimates for each collection method and recruitment method were also performed, as were uncertainty estimates.Overall, the study shows that the mobile app registered significantly more trips per respondent than did the online questionnaire, while the distances travelled were comparable. There are several possible interpretations of this. One is that people who responded to the online questionnaire either forget about and/or combined short trips (particularly trips made for the purposes of leisure or shopping, and using the travel modes walking and car). One presumable explanation for this is that it is easier to confirm/correct the trips that the mobile app suggests than it is to recall and enter all trips in an online questionnaire. Another possible interpretation is that people responding to different data collection methods have different travel patterns. Yet another explanation is connected to technique issues regarding the different data collection methods.
|
|
| 13. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Nya sätt att samla in individuell resvaneinformation : Utvärdering av insamlings- och rekryteringsmetoder
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom samverkansprogrammet Nästa generations resor och transporter, som Trafikanalys är huvudansvarig för, har man identifierat ett behov av att finna och utveckla nya lösningar för resvaneundersökningar (RVU:er). Bakgrunden till detta är bland annat sjunkande svarsfrekvenser med dagens metoder, vilket skulle kunna ge problem med representativiteten. Det anses som mycket angeläget att utveckla nya metoder för datainsamling för framtidens RVU:er, både på kort och lång sikt.Det övergripande syftet med projektet är att göra en demonstrationsstudie som visar hur två datainsamlingsmetoder som har utvecklats för att samla in resevaneundersökningsdata presterar i fält, samt hur de presterar jämfört med ”traditionell” RVU (postal enkät och/eller telefonintervjuer). Projektet syftar också till att få bättre förståelse för hur olika rekryteringsmetoder kan användas för att framtida RVU:er ska kunna bli mer kostnadseffektiva. De två insamlingsmetoder som testats är webbenkät med karta och mobilapp. Tre rekryteringsmetoder har använts och dessa är rekrytering via slumpmässigt urval, webbpanel och crowdsourcing.
|
|
| 14. |
- Ford, Paul R., et al.
(författare)
-
The developmental activities of elite soccer players aged under-16 years from Brazil, England, France, Ghana, Mexico, Portugal and Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Routledge. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 30:15, s. 1653-1663
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The developmental activities of 328 elite soccer players aged under-16 years from Brazil, England, France, Ghana, Mexico, Portugal and Sweden were examined using retrospective recall in a cross-sectional research design. The activities were compared to the early diversification, early specialisation, and early engagement pathways. Players started their involvement in soccer at approximately 5 years of age. During childhood, they engaged in soccer practice for a mean value of 185.7, s ¼ 124.0 h _ year71, in soccer play for 186.0, s ¼ 125.3 h _ year71, and in soccer competition for 37.1, s ¼ 28.9 h _ year71. A mean value of 2.3, s ¼ 1.6 sports additional to soccer were engaged in by 229 players during childhood. Players started their participation in an elite training academy at 11 to 12 years of age. During adolescence, they engaged in soccer practice for a mean value of 411.9, s ¼ 184.3 h _ year71, in soccer play for 159.7, s ¼ 195.0 h _ year71, and in soccer competition for 66.9, s ¼ 48.8 h _ year71. A mean value of 2.5, s ¼ 1.8 sports other than soccer were engaged in by 132 players during this period. There were some relatively minor differences between countries, but generally the developmental activities of the players followed a mixture of the early engagement and specialisation pathways, rather than early diversification.
|
|
| 15. |
- Galli, André, et al.
(författare)
-
The tailward flow of energetic neutral atoms observed at Mars
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - Washington : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ASPERA-3 experiment on Mars Express provides the first measurements of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from Mars. These measurements are used to study the global structure of the interaction of the solar wind with the Martian atmosphere. In this study we describe the tailward ENA flow observed at the nightside of Mars. After characterizing energy spectra of hydrogen ENA signals, we present composite images of the ENA intensities and compare them to theoretical predictions (empirical and MHD models). We find that the tailward flow of hydrogen ENAs is mainly generated by shocked solar wind protons. Despite intensive search, no oxygen ENAs above the instrument threshold are detected. The results challenge existing plasma models and constrain the hydrogen exospheric densities and atmospheric hydrogen and oxygen loss rates at low solar activity.
|
|
| 16. |
- Grennberger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Andas i alexandriner : Intervju
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Apropå Eric M.. - Stockholm : Trolltrumma. - 9789198392982 ; , s. 17-42
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Holmström, Andreas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficient Space-time FE for a Simplified Thermo-metallurgical Problem Relevent to Casting
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering, COUPLED PROBLEMS 2005 Santorini Island, Greece, May 25-27, 2005. - 8495999714 ; , s. 227-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Solving the non-linear thermo-metallurgical problem such as the thermal cooling of a molten metal or the macro-segregation during a cooling process are problems that needs careful consideration. The strong non-linearities of the problem makes it difficult to solve without having a prohibitive high cost arising from the high spatial and time-domain discretization needed to solve the problem. For the studied application of design optimization of cast components a low computational time is important since a lot of computations are necessary in an optimization.From the first law of thermodynamics we derive a space-timeFE-discretization for a hierarchy of discontinuous Galerkin in time, dG(k) k>=0. This formulation integratesthe stored energy exact. As a special case we regain theenthalpy-method with suitable average of the energygeneration over time.For the macro-segregation, the problem is reformulated so that the phase-transition drives a flow of species. Diffusion is possible throughout the domain in this model. This can then be further rewritten using a potential approach. We can by this aproch arrive in discretizations that guaranties that the balance equation is satisfied and can solve phase-transition problem as a fieldproblem or as a local problem.The coupled problems of cooling-transformation are solved. The possibility of using adaptivity in space-time for the coupled problem is discussed.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Holmström, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Förord
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Apropå Eric M.. - Röstånga : Trolltrumma. - 9789198392982 ; , s. 7-8
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Holmström, Andreas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization of Cast Components in the Development Process
- 2005
-
Ingår i: WCSMO6- 6th World Congress on Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, Rio de Janeiro, 30 May-3 June, 2005. ; , s. 26-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In structural optimization, we wish to design a component such that we fulfill a set of functional requirements while minimizing, for instance, the cost or weight of a component. Here we focus on the optimization of cast components in trucks. Of the functional requirements, several are related to strength issues. For a cast component, the resulting mechanical behavior depends on the casting process, and it must be taken into account that strong couplings exist between the geometry, the production process and the material properties. As a result, one is faced with a complex multidisciplinary optimization problem.In this contribution, a generic process for optimizing complex multi-physics problems is presented using a succession of more and more complex analyzes. The strategy that we propose is to use low level analyzes to scan a large number of different solutions in order to find the most viable ones. These are then further narrowed down during a chain of analyzes with successively higher level of detail, while trying not to remove good solutions. During the very latest stages of the analysis, only a few solutions are considered, and therefore, more time and resource consuming analyzes can be used in order to fully investigate the properties of the component.A principal problem of a cast component is discussed for a given a set of mechanical load demands and with consideration to the production process in order to exemplify the process and some possible pitfalls. The explicit computational procedure, based on FE-analysis, is applied to a simplified mechanical and thermal problems involved in the casting of a typical load-bearing structural component.
|
|
| 24. |
- Holmström, Andreas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization strategy in the development process with application to cast components
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-1488 .- 1615-147X. ; 35:1, s. 69-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the development of commercial vehicles, it is necessary to develop cost-optimized components with respect to their entire lifetime. This requires a product development process that utilizes the possibility to simulate the product performance using modeling of different degrees of sophistication at any predefined level-of-detail (LOD). For example, the mechanical properties of a cast component depend strongly on the casting process, the simulation of which requires complex modeling at a high LOD. In this article, we propose an optimization strategy that is based on the LOD concept to develop cost-effective components. A sizing optimization of a cast model component is carried out with respect to both the mechanical and thermal response to exemplify the process. In particular, a (novel) global measure of the temperature in energy norm is introduced as an indicator of the "production fitness" to ensure high quality of the material properties. This measure is the thermal counterpart of the well-accepted mechanical strain energy. © 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
|
|
| 25. |
- Holmström, Andreas, 1978
(författare)
-
Optimized Development Process for Cast Components
- 2005
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In developing trucks, cast components of low weight andhigh durability need to be developed and produced. Cast componentsrepresent an estimated 10-15 percent of the total weight of atruck. There is a strong coupling between the production processand the mechanical properties of a cast component such as it'sstrength. Bearing this coupling in mind is an important element inthe design process. A generic strategy for the optimal design ofcast components, taking account of complex multi-physics problemsand involving analyses of successively increasing complexity, isdiscussed. The term Level-Of-Detail (LOD) is introduced allowingthe requirements on models at different stages in the developmentprocess to be described in a structured manner.Several investigations within this context illustratingand clarifying the basic ideas involved are presented. First, thesizing optimization of a model component with respect to both themechanical and to thermal response is taken up as an example ofanalysis at a low LOD level. A novel thermal measure forproduction fitness is introduced here. Secondly, a topologyoptimization is presented as an example of a medium-level LODanalysis. Thirdly, a novel formulation of the thermo-metallurgicalproblem within casting, involving the modelling of solidificationand the segregation of species, is considered as an illustrationof analysis at a high LOD level. An efficient finite elementformulation of the coupled problem in space-time terms is alsodeveloped and investigated.
|
|
| 26. |
- Holmström, Andreas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Space-time finite elements for a simplified thermo-metallurgical problem relevant to casting
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Computational Mechanics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0924 .- 0178-7675. ; 40:2, s. 341-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-linear thermo-metallurgical problem, relevant for the cooling of a molten metal including the macro-segregation that occurs during the cooling process, is studied here. Due to the strong non-linearities involved in phase transformations, it is necessary to use a fine resolution in space-time in a finite element approximation in order to meet accuracy requirements. We derive space-time FE-methods based on the discontinuous and continuous Galerkin method in time for the energy equation. This formulation integrates the stored energy exactly for a given heat flux. When macro-segregation is incorporated into the model, the problem can be formulated in such a way that the phase-transition drives a flow of species. In addition, diffusion is possible throughout the domain. The model can be further rewritten using a potential approach. By this approach for modelling macro-segregation, we are able to obtain discretizations that guarantee that the balance equations are satisfied, and it is possible to solve the phase-transition problem either as a field problem or as a local problem (defined by a local evolution rule). © Springer Verlag 2007.
|
|
| 27. |
- Holmström, Andreas
(författare)
-
Svenskarnas turistresor med buss
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svenskarna genomförde 60 miljoner turistresor* med buss inom Sverige och till utlandet mellan 1993 och 2003. Detta utgör cirka sju procent av det totala antalet turistresor som svenskarna gjorde under perioden. Det framgår av en analys från forskningsinstitutet ETOUR, som bygger på statistik från Rese- och Turistdatabasen (TDB) där 2000 svenskar har intervjuats varje månad. Sammanlagt ingår alltså 240.000 svenskar i undersökningen. Turistresandet med buss omfattar abonnerad och reguljär trafik. De två kategorierna hade ungefär lika stor omfattning under 10-årsperioden. Av analysen framgår tydligt att de abonnerade resorna har minskat under perioden och att reguljära resor visar en positiv trend. Bussens andel av svenskarnas totala turistresande, nära sju procent, kan jämföras med bil som utgör cirka 70 procent av allt turistresande. Flyget och tåget har ungefär lika stor andel, cirka 10 procent. Det vanligaste syftet med bussresorna är, precis som för andra färdmedel, att besöka släkt och vänner. Dessa bussresor skedde nästan uteslutande med reguljär trafik. När det gäller skolresor har bussen en stark position. Mer än hälften av landets skolresor görs med buss. Hela elva miljoner bussresor gick till Stockholm med länet Västra Götland på andra plats med drygt åtta miljoner. Syftet med många av resorna till Stockholm är att besöka något evenemanang. Hur ser då de typiska bussresenärerna ut? Något oväntat är det åldersgruppen 15-29 år som gjort de flesta turistresor med buss under perioden. En förklaring är att landets studeranden väljer buss i stor utsträckning när de gör sina turistresor. Gruppen 15-29 år har gjort mer än dubbelt fler bussresor än pensionärsgruppen 60-74 år. Det land som hade besök av flest bussresenärer från Sverige under perioden var Danmark med Tyskland på andra plats. * Med turistresor avses övernattningsresor samt dagsresor längre än tio 10 mil enkel väg. Både tjänste- och privatresor ingår.
|
|
| 28. |
- Holmström, Jonny, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial informatics : what we know and what we don't know
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Industrial informatics design use and innovation. - : IGI Global. - 9781615206926 - 9781616923143 - 9781615206933 ; , s. 1-4
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book investigates information technology in the context of the process industry. When this context is examined, the implications of information technology go far beyond the contemporary accounts of IT in manufacturing processes – it also includes after-market sales, service production, sourcing, e-maintenance and so on. The sum effects of these changes are rapidly transforming the process industry.
|
|
| 29. |
- Holmström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Energetic neutral atoms as the explanation for the high-velocity hydrogen around HD 209458b
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 451, s. 970-972
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Absorption in the stellar Lyman- (Ly) line observed during the transit of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b in front of its host star reveals high-velocity atomic hydrogen at great distances from the planet1, 2. This has been interpreted as hydrogen atoms escaping from the planet's exosphere1, 3, possibly undergoing hydrodynamic blow-off4, and being accelerated by stellar radiation pressure. Energetic neutral atoms around Solar System planets have been observed to form from charge exchange between solar wind protons and neutral hydrogen from the planetary exospheres5, 6, 7, however, and this process also should occur around extrasolar planets. Here we show that the measured transit-associated Ly absorption can be explained by the interaction between the exosphere of HD 209458b and the stellar wind, and that radiation pressure alone cannot explain the observations. As the stellar wind protons are the source of the observed energetic neutral atoms, this provides a way of probing stellar wind conditions, and our model suggests a slow and hot stellar wind near HD 209458b at the time of the observations. line observed during the transit of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b in front of its host star reveals high-velocity atomic hydrogen at great distances from the planet1, 2. This has been interpreted as hydrogen atoms escaping from the planet's exosphere1, 3, possibly undergoing hydrodynamic blow-off4, and being accelerated by stellar radiation pressure. Energetic neutral atoms around Solar System planets have been observed to form from charge exchange between solar wind protons and neutral hydrogen from the planetary exospheres5, 6, 7, however, and this process also should occur around extrasolar planets. Here we show that the measured transit-associated Ly absorption can be explained by the interaction between the exosphere of HD 209458b and the stellar wind, and that radiation pressure alone cannot explain the observations. As the stellar wind protons are the source of the observed energetic neutral atoms, this provides a way of probing stellar wind conditions, and our model suggests a slow and hot stellar wind near HD 209458b at the time of the observations.
|
|
| 30. |
- Holmström, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel deep learning-based point-of-care diagnostic method for detecting Plasmodium falciparum with fluorescence digital microscopy.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a major global health problem with a need for improved field-usable diagnostic tests. We have developed a portable, low-cost digital microscope scanner, capable of both brightfield and fluorescence imaging. Here, we used the instrument to digitize blood smears, and applied deep learning (DL) algorithms to detect Plasmodium falciparum parasites.METHODS: Thin blood smears (n = 125) were collected from patients with microscopy-confirmed P. falciparum infections in rural Tanzania, prior to and after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapy. The samples were stained using the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorogen and digitized using the prototype microscope scanner. Two DL algorithms were trained to detect malaria parasites in the samples, and results compared to the visual assessment of both the digitized samples, and the Giemsa-stained thick smears.RESULTS: Detection of P. falciparum parasites in the digitized thin blood smears was possible both by visual assessment and by DL-based analysis with a strong correlation in results (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). A moderately strong correlation was observed between the DL-based thin smear analysis and the visual thick smear-analysis (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). Low levels of parasites were detected by DL-based analysis on day three following treatment initiation, but a small number of fluorescent signals were detected also in microscopy-negative samples.CONCLUSION: Quantification of P. falciparum parasites in DAPI-stained thin smears is feasible using DL-supported, point-of-care digital microscopy, with a high correlation to visual assessment of samples. Fluorescent signals from artefacts in samples with low infection levels represented the main challenge for the digital analysis, thus highlighting the importance of minimizing sample contaminations. The proposed method could support malaria diagnostics and monitoring of treatment response through automated quantification of parasitaemia and is likely to be applicable also for diagnostics of other Plasmodium species and other infectious diseases.
|
|
| 31. |
- Holmström, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
-
Point-of-care mobile digital microscopy and deep learning for the detection of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 10:sup3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Microscopy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of neglected tropical diseases. As resource limited, rural areas often lack laboratory equipment and trained personnel, new diagnostic techniques are needed. Low-cost, point-of-care imaging devices show potential in the diagnosis of these diseases. Novel, digital image analysis algorithms can be utilized to automate sample analysis.OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the imaging performance of a miniature digital microscopy scanner for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium, and training of a deep learning-based image analysis algorithm for automated detection of soil-transmitted helminths in the captured images.METHODS: A total of 13 iodine-stained stool samples containing Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm eggs and 4 urine samples containing Schistosoma haematobium were digitized using a reference whole slide-scanner and the mobile microscopy scanner. Parasites in the images were identified by visual examination and by analysis with a deep learning-based image analysis algorithm in the stool samples. Results were compared between the digital and visual analysis of the images showing helminth eggs.RESULTS: Parasite identification by visual analysis of digital slides captured with the mobile microscope was feasible for all analyzed parasites. Although the spatial resolution of the reference slide-scanner is higher, the resolution of the mobile microscope is sufficient for reliable identification and classification of all parasites studied. Digital image analysis of stool sample images captured with the mobile microscope showed high sensitivity for detection of all helminths studied (range of sensitivity = 83.3-100%) in the test set (n = 217) of manually labeled helminth eggs.CONCLUSIONS: In this proof-of-concept study, the imaging performance of a mobile, digital microscope was sufficient for visual detection of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium. Furthermore, we show that deep learning-based image analysis can be utilized for the automated detection and classification of helminths in the captured images.
|
|
| 32. |
- Holmström, Stefan, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Talent Development Environment and its Impact on Athletes Motivation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The 5th International Conference on Self-Determination Theory (SDT).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing interest in different sports to optimize talent development, and the purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of the environment on psychological aspects of talent development, following the work of Martindale and colleagues (Martindale et al., 2010; Wang, Sproule, McNeill, Martindale, & Lee, 2011). This was done by examining athletes perceptions of key features in their talent development environment with the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire and its’ impact on important factors, such as perceived competence, fear of failure, and motivation. The participants (age 16-19 years) in this study were playing team sports on junior elite level, and were enrolled at Swedish sport academies. The results showed positive relationships between a positive talent development environment, competence, and autonomous motivation, as well as positive relationships between an adverse environment, fear of failure, and controlled motivation. These findings highlight differential effects of environmental factors on athletes’ development.
|
|
| 33. |
- Holmström, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
The talent development environments in two Scandinavian soccer academies’
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 3rd World Conference on Science and Soccer, 14-16 May 2012, Ghent, Belgium.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current research on psychological aspects of talent development has tended to focus on individual athletes and their micro-environments. In this study the talent development environments of a Swedish and a Danish soccer academy were examined, each club with a history of successfully producing top-level senior athletes from among its juniors. The aim was to explore and compare the clubs work on individual development within specifically defined areas (managing competition, career transitions, introduction of new players, injuries, challenges and support in life, school and family). Method: A qualitative methodology was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 17 participants: four players and three leaders of the Swedish Club, and three players and seven leaders from the Danish club. Results and Conclusion: In both the Swedish and Danish club have a specified goal that the youth academy should prioritize individual development before the outcome of the game. Work on the development of the players individual skills are organized in different ways in the Swedish and Danish club. The Danish club has a much clearer structure on how to work with individual development, they use development plans in greater degree, plans which is anchored with the players and a more individualized training plans for the player's position and needs. Both clubs stresses the importance of developing the whole individual, not just play soccer characteristics, but also school work and the wellbeing of the individual player. The combination of soccer practice and school work was one thing that players from both clubs highlighted as challenging and stressful.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
-
Industrial informatics design use and innovation : perspectives and services
- 2010
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrial informatics as a field is currently expanding beyond improving the manufacture of goods to facilitating every aspect of the process, from after-market sales, to service production, sourcing, and e-maintenance, demonstrating the profound impact of informatics in modern society. Industrial Informatics Design, Use and Innovation: Perspectives and Services establishes not only a sound grounding in industrial informatics but it also provides a broad state-of-the-art review and showing connections and gaps in the current knowledge for researchers working in the field today. This compilation also represents guidance to those who design and use information technologies in industrial settings, and making it easier to create an informed basis for decisions.
|
|
| 36. |
- Johansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Hur användbar är svensk turiststatistik : En studie över rese- och gästnattsstatistik 1990-2003
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det som utmärker turistnäringen från andra delar av näringslivet är att individers geografiska rörlighet utgör grunden för marknadens funktionssätt. Konsumenten rör sig för att konsumera varor och tjänster till skillnad från andra sektorer där varorna och tjänsterna i stor utsträckning rör sig till konsumenten. En turist är per definition en individ som rör sig utanför sin normala omgivning. Uppgifter om resor och gästnätter blir därmed mycket viktiga för att kunna studera turism. Men vad finns det egentligen för information om resor och gästnätter? Finns det ett tillräckligt bra underlag för att studera turism? I följande rapport har källor med uppgifter om resor och gästnätter sammanställts och granskats. Dessa källor kan sägas tillhöra två olika kategorier beroende på hur uppgifterna samlas in. Information kan samlas in dels från de producenter som erbjuder denna typ av tjänster och dels från de individer som konsumerat en gästnatt eller en resa. I rapporten studeras endast resor som kan relateras till turism, det vill säga i grova drag utlandsresor, längre inhemska resor samt resor som inkluderar en övernattning.
|
|
| 37. |
- Lizarraga, Raquel, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural characterization of amorphous YCrO3 from first principles
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 99:5, s. 57010-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform a theoretical prediction of the structure of amorphous YCrO3. We obtained equivalent amorphous structures by means of two independent first principles density functional theory based methods: molecular dynamics and stochastic quenching. In our structural analysis we include radial and angle distribution functions as well as calculations of bond lengths and average coordination numbers. We find Cr+3 atoms situated in slightly distorted oxygen octahedra throughout the amorphous structures and that the distribution of these octahedra is disordered. The presence of the same Cr+3 local environments that give rise to ferroelectricity in the orthorhombic perovskite structure suggests that the amorphous phase of YCrO3 may also exhibit ferroelectric properties. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2012
|
|
| 38. |
- Lundin, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections with digital mobile microscopy and artificial intelligence in a resource-limited setting
- 2024
-
Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 18:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases and result in a major disease burden in low- and middle-income countries, especially in school-aged children. Improved diagnostic methods, especially for light intensity infections, are needed for efficient, control and elimination of STHs as a public health problem, as well as STH management. Image-based artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise for STH detection in digitized stool samples. However, the diagnostic accuracy of AI-based analysis of entire microscope slides, so called whole-slide images (WSI), has previously not been evaluated on a sample-level in primary healthcare settings in STH endemic countries.Methodology/Principal findings: Stool samples (n = 1,335) were collected during 2020 from children attending primary schools in Kwale County, Kenya, prepared according to the Kato-Katz method at a local primary healthcare laboratory and digitized with a portable whole-slide microscopy scanner and uploaded via mobile networks to a cloud environment. The digital samples of adequate quality (n = 1,180) were split into a training (n = 388) and test set (n = 792) and a deep-learning system (DLS) developed for detection of STHs. The DLS findings were compared with expert manual microscopy and additional visual assessment of the digital samples in slides with discordant results between the methods. Manual microscopy detected 15 (1.9%) Ascaris lumbricoides, 172 (21.7%) Tricuris trichiura and 140 (17.7%) hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus) infections in the test set. Importantly, more than 90% of all STH positive cases represented light intensity infections. With manual microscopy as the reference standard, the sensitivity of the DLS as the index test for detection of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm was 80%, 92% and 76%, respectively. The corresponding specificity was 98%, 90% and 95%. Notably, in 79 samples (10%) classified as negative by manual microscopy for a specific species, STH eggs were detected by the DLS and confirmed correct by visual inspection of the digital samples.Conclusions/Significance: Analysis of digitally scanned stool samples with the DLS provided high diagnostic accuracy for detection of STHs. Importantly, a substantial number of light intensity infections were missed by manual microscopy but detected by the DLS. Thus, analysis of WSIs with image-based AI may provide a future tool for improved detection of STHs in a primary healthcare setting, which in turn could facilitate monitoring and evaluation of control programs.
|
|
| 39. |
- Lundkvist, Erik, Fil Dr, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
The temporal relations across burnout dimensions in athletes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Chichester : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 28:3, s. 1215-1226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burnout is a construct that has garnered considerable attention in sport psychology within recent years. Several hypothesized models regarding how the three dimensions (exhaustion, devaluation, and reduced sense of accomplishment) temporally relate to each other have been advanced. One proposal outlined by Maslach and Leiter suggests that exhaustion predicts devaluation which predicts reduced sense of accomplishment. However, there is no consensus among researchers as it has been argued that exhaustion predicts devaluation and reduced accomplishment separately. The aim of this study was to test multiple alternative hypotheses regarding the relationships of the burnout dimensions in athletes. Two samples of Swedish youth elite athletes with differing time spans between measurements were used. Specifically, one sample involved time-intensive measures collected every week over an eight-week period, and the other sample included four measurement points across an 18-month period. Results showed that none of the previously proposed models outlining the temporal relations of burnout dimensions were supported. Statistical analysis of the models including the cross-lagged predictions of dimensions did not have any statistically significant impact except when exhaustion negatively predicted devaluation between time 1 (month 0) and time 2 (month 6) in the 18-month sample; this relation faded in the following time points. Further, issues regarding the stability of devaluation and reduced sense of accomplishment emerged as their autocorrelation were very weak in the time-intensive sample. These findings raise a number of points for further theoretical and practical discussions about the athlete burnout construct.
|
|
| 40. |
- Nordin, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Våra populäraste turistregioner : En studie om svenskarnas resande i Sverige
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att världen blivit mindre avspeglar sig inte minst i våra resvanor. Det innebär också en ökad konkurrens destinationer och länder emellan. Därför har det blivit än viktigare för resmål att stärka sin attraktions- och konkurrenskraft. Varför växer vissa besöksmål medan andra går tillbaka? En förklaring till detta kan vi hitta i motiven bakom resorna. Med en ökad förståelse för resandets drivkrafter och barriärer har destinationer och regioner som vill stärka sin position på framtidens turistkarta en större möjlighet att nå framgång. I ETOURs rapport Våra populäraste turistregioner – en studie om svenskarnas resande i Sverige ges en bild av svenskarnas resande från 1990 till 2002. I analysen studeras vilka regioner som attraherar flest besökare och vilka motiv som ligger bakom resorna. En kortfattad beskrivning ges av resenärerna utifrån ålder och kön. Rapporten ger även en bild av utvecklingen över tiden genom att studera förändringar i regionernas attraktionskraft under de senaste tolv åren. Våra populäraste turistregioner ger en bild av såväl totalresandet sammantaget som uppdelat på privat- och tjänsteresande. Materialet redovisas vidare på helår samt på sommar- och vintersäsong. Beskrivningen baseras på antal övernattningsresor till respektive region i absoluta tal och relaterat till den besökta regionens folkmängd (per capita). Indelningen av Sverige följer den s k arbetsmarknadsregionindelningen med totalt 70 A-regioner.
|
|
| 41. |
- Pivodic, Aldina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Development and validation of a new clinical decision support tool to optimize screening for retinopathy of prematurity
- 2022
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 106:11, s. 1573-1580
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Prematurely born infants undergo costly, stressful eye examinations to uncover the small fraction with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) that needs treatment to prevent blindness. The aim was to develop a prediction tool (DIGIROP-Screen) with 100% sensitivity and high specificity to safely reduce screening of those infants not needing treatment. DIGIROP-Screen was compared with four other ROP models based on longitudinal weights.METHODS: Data, including infants born at 24-30 weeks of gestational age (GA), for DIGIROP-Screen development (DevGroup, N=6991) originate from the Swedish National Registry for ROP. Three international cohorts comprised the external validation groups (ValGroups, N=1241). Multivariable logistic regressions, over postnatal ages (PNAs) 6-14 weeks, were validated. Predictors were birth characteristics, status and age at first diagnosed ROP and essential interactions.RESULTS: ROP treatment was required in 287 (4.1%)/6991 infants in DevGroup and 49 (3.9%)/1241 in ValGroups. To allow 100% sensitivity in DevGroup, specificity at birth was 53.1% and cumulatively 60.5% at PNA 8 weeks. Applying the same cut-offs in ValGroups, specificities were similar (46.3% and 53.5%). One infant with severe malformations in ValGroups was incorrectly classified as not needing screening. For all other infants, at PNA 6-14 weeks, sensitivity was 100%. In other published models, sensitivity ranged from 88.5% to 100% and specificity ranged from 9.6% to 45.2%.CONCLUSIONS: DIGIROP-Screen, a clinical decision support tool using readily available birth and ROP screening data for infants born GA 24-30 weeks, in the European and North American populations tested can safely identify infants not needing ROP screening. DIGIROP-Screen had equal or higher sensitivity and specificity compared with other models. DIGIROP-Screen should be tested in any new cohort for validation and if not validated it can be modified using the same statistical approaches applied to a specific clinical setting.
|
|
| 42. |
- Pivodic, Aldina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual Risk Prediction for Sight-Threatening Retinopathy of Prematurity Using Birth Characteristics
- 2020
-
Ingår i: JAMA Ophthalmology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6165 .- 2168-6173. ; 138:1, s. 21-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: To prevent blindness, repeated infant eye examinations are performed to detect severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), yet only a small fraction of those screened need treatment. Early individual risk stratification would improve screening timing and efficiency and potentially reduce the risk of blindness. Objectives: To create and validate an easy-to-use prediction model using only birth characteristics and to describe a continuous hazard function for ROP treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this retrospective cohort study, Swedish National Patient Registry data from infants screened for ROP (born between January 1, 2007, and August 7, 2018) were analyzed with Poisson regression for time-varying data (postnatal age, gestational age [GA], sex, birth weight, and important interactions) to develop an individualized predictive model for ROP treatment (called DIGIROP-Birth [Digital ROP]). The model was validated internally and externally (in US and European cohorts) and compared with 4 published prediction models. Main Outcomes and Measures: The study outcome was ROP treatment. The measures were estimated momentary and cumulative risks, hazard ratios with 95% CIs, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (hereinafter referred to as AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: Among 7609 infants (54.6% boys; mean [SD] GA, 28.1 [2.1] weeks; mean [SD] birth weight, 1119 [353] g), 442 (5.8%) were treated for ROP, including 142 (40.1%) treated of 354 born at less than 24 gestational weeks. Irrespective of GA, the risk for receiving ROP treatment increased during postnatal weeks 8 through 12 and decreased thereafter. Validations of DIGIROP-Birth for 24 to 30 weeks' GA showed high predictive ability for the model overall (AUC, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.89-0.92] for internal validation, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90-0.98] for temporal validation, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.84-0.89] for US external validation, and 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85-0.95] for European external validation) by calendar periods and by race/ethnicity. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were numerically at least as high as those obtained from CHOP-ROP (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia-ROP), OMA-ROP (Omaha-ROP), WINROP (weight, insulinlike growth factor 1, neonatal, ROP), and CO-ROP (Colorado-ROP), models requiring more complex postnatal data. Conclusions and Relevance: This study validated an individualized prediction model for infants born at 24 to 30 weeks' GA, enabling early risk prediction of ROP treatment based on birth characteristics data. Postnatal age rather than postmenstrual age was a better predictive variable for the temporal risk of ROP treatment. The model is an accessible online application that appears to be generalizable and to have at least as good test statistics as other models requiring longitudinal neonatal data not always readily available to ophthalmologists.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Skyllberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Net Methylmercury Production as a Basis for Improved Risk Assessment of Mercury-contaminated Sediments
- 2007
-
Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. ; 36:6, s. 437-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediments contaminated by various sources of mercury (Hg) were studied at 8 sites in Sweden covering wide ranges of climate, salinity, and sediment types. At all sites, biota (plankton, sediment living organisms, and fish) showed enhanced concentrations of Hg relative to corresponding organisms at nearby reference sites. The key process determining the risk at these sites is the net transformation of inorganic Hg to the highly toxic and bioavailable methylmercury (MeHg). Accordingly, Hg concentrations in Perca fluviatilis were more strongly correlated to MeHg (p < 0.05) than to inorganic Hg concentrations in the sediments. At all sites, except one, concentrations of inorganic Hg (2–55 μg g−1) in sediments were significantly, positively correlated to the concentration of MeHg (4–90 ng g−1). The MeHg/Hg ratio (which is assumed to reflect the net production of MeHg normalized to the Hg concentration) varied widely among sites. The highest MeHg/Hg ratios were encountered in loose-fiber sediments situated in southern freshwaters, and the lowest ratios were found in brackish-water sediments and firm, minerogenic sediments at the northernmost freshwater site. This pattern may be explained by an increased MeHg production by methylating bacteria with increasing temperature, availability of energy-rich organic matter (which is correlated with primary production), and availability of neutral Hg sulfides in the sediment pore waters. These factors therefore need to be considered when the risk associated with Hg-contaminated sediments is assessed.
|
|
| 46. |
- Stark, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Hybrid digital manufacturing: Capturing the value of digitalization
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 1873-1317 .- 0272-6963. ; 69:6, s. 890-910
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A chasm is growing between the advanced technologies available for improving manufacturing operations and those effectively used in practice. The vision of Industry 4.0 is to mobilize industry to seek out these possibilities for improvement and to close the gap between opportunity and reality. However, when compared with more established improvement opportunities such as lean manufacturing, the digitalization of manufacturing lacks in both paradigmatic examples and an understanding of how to achieve the benefits. This lack is a complication of concern: Without an appropriate operations strategy to capture the value of digitalization, manufacturing companies will be unable to focus on technological investments and operational changes. To address this concern, operations management academics must develop new theory through active engagement in the practice of digitalization in manufacturing. This research presents a paradigmatic example, based on engaged scholarship, focused on effectively combining novel object-interactive and conventional manufacturing syntax for benefiting from digitalization in internal operations and the wider supply chain. The contribution to literature is a novel operations strategy—hybrid digital manufacturing—for capturing the value of Industry 4.0 technologies.
|
|
| 47. |
- Stenling, Andreas, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Approach-avoidance goals in team sport athletes’ : the predictive ability of the motivational climate
- 2011
-
Ingår i: New horizons from a world heritage city. - 9780956890306
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The motivational climate is an important determinant of athletes’ achievement goals. The relationship between the motivational climate and athletes’ achievement goals is also well examined within the dichotomous achievement goal framework. However, the relationship between the motivational climate and athletes’ approach-avoidance achievement goals (Elliot, 1999) is still an unexplored area in competitive sports. The only study to date in competitive sports included the higher order dimensions, mastery and performance climate, not the six underlying dimensions (Morris & Kavussanu, 2008). The purpose of this study was to examine whether motivational climate dimensions can predict team sport athletes’ approach-avoidance achievement goals. Methods: 319 team-sport athletes’ (males=156, females=163, mean age=20 years, SD=3.6) completed measures of the perceived motivational climate (PMCSQ-2) and approach-avoidance achievement goals (AGQ-S). Hierarchal regression analyses for each of the four achievement goals were performed, while controlling for the effect of age and gender. Two sets of analyses were performed: (1) using the higher order dimensions as predictors; and (2) using the six underlying dimensions as predictors. Results: The first set of analyses showed that mastery-approach goals were positively predicted by a mastery climate; mastery-avoidance goals were positively predicted by a performance climate and also influenced by age and gender; performance-approach goals were positively predicted by a mastery climate and a performance climate; and performance-avoidance goals were positively predicted by a performance climate and also influenced by age. The second set of analyses showed that mastery-approach goals were positively predicted by Effort/Improvement; mastery-avoidance goals were positively predicted by Punishment for Mistakes and also influenced by age and gender; performance-approach goals were positively predicted by Intra-Team Member Rivalry; whereas performance-avoidance goals were only influenced by age. Discussion: These findings indicate differential relationships between the motivational climate dimensions and competitive athletes’ approach-avoidance goals. The cross-over effects from social-environmental to individual achievement goals (e.g., that a performance climate predicted mastery-avoidance goals) highlight the need for future research to develop measures addressing both approach and avoidance aspects of the motivational climate.
|
|
| 48. |
- Stenling, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence of relative age effects in Swedish women's ice hockey
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Talent Development and Excellence. - 1869-0459 .- 1869-2885. ; 6:1, s. 31-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relative age effects (RAEs) refer to consequences of differences in chronological age among individuals within age-grouped cohorts. RAEs advantage relatively older players and have consistently been found in male ice hockey, but research in women’s ice hockey is scarce. This study examined RAEs in Swedish women’s elite (N = 688) and junior elite (N = 399) ice hockey and a moderator of RAEs, playing position. RAEs were also examined in the entire population of youth female ice hockey players (N = 2811). Chi-square analyses showed significant RAEs (p < .05) in all three samples. The elite and junior elite sample showed RAEs among defenseman and forwards, but not among goalies. In the youth sample, RAEs were evident in all age groups. RAEs were present in all age groups, from the youngest players (5-6 years) to the elite players. Despite a weak depth of competition, RAEs were displayed in Swedish women´s ice hockey, indicating that other mechanisms seem to influence RAEs.
|
|
| 49. |
- Stenling, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Implicit beliefs of ability, approach-avoidance goals and cognitive anxiety among team sport athletes
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Sport Science. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1746-1391 .- 1536-7290. ; 14:7, s. 720-729
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People’s implicit beliefs of ability have been suggested as an antecedent of achievement goal adoption, which has in turn been associated with behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes. This study examined a conditional process model with team sport athletes’ approach-avoidance achievement goals as mediators between their implicit beliefs of sport ability and sport-related cognitive anxiety. We expected gender to moderate the paths from implicit beliefs of ability to approach-avoidance goals and from approach-avoidance goals to cognitive anxiety. Team sport athletes with a mean age of 20 years (163 females and 152 males) responded to questionnaires about their implicit beliefs of sport ability, approach-avoidance goals and sport-related cognitive anxiety. Incremental beliefs, gender and the interaction between them predicted mastery approach goals. Gender also predicted mastery-avoidance goals, with females reporting higher levels than males. Mastery- avoidance goals, gender and the interaction between them predicted cognitive anxiety, with females reporting higher levels of anxiety than males. Entity beliefs positively predicted performance-avoidance goals and the interaction between performance-approach and gender predicted anxiety. The indirect effects also showed gender differences in relation to performance-approach goals. Taken together, our results suggest that coaches trying to create a facilitating climate for their male and female athletes may be wise to consider their athletes’ anxiety and achievement goal patterns as these may affect both the athletes’ well-being and performance.
|
|
| 50. |
- Stenling, Andreas, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Talangjakt = talangslakt?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - Stockholm : Centrum för idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; 20:1, s. 19-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
