| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Veith, Frank J., et al.
(författare)
-
Collected world and single center experience with endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 250:5, s. 818-824
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Case and single center reports have documented the feasibility and suggested the effectiveness of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAAs), but the role and value of such treatment remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To clarify these we examined a collected experience with use of EVAR for RAAA treatment from 49 centers. METHODS: Data were obtained by questionnaires from these centers, updated from 13 centers committed to EVAR treatment whenever possible and included treatment details from a single center and information on 1037 patients treated by EVAR and 763 patients treated by open repair (OR). RESULTS: Overall 30-day mortality after EVAR in 1037 patients was 21.2%. Centers performing EVAR for RAAAs whenever possible did so in 28% to 79% (mean 49.1%) of their patients, had a 30-day mortality of 19.7% (range: 0%-32%) for 680 EVAR patients and 36.3% (range: 8%-53%) for 763 OR patients (P < 0.0001). Supraceliac aortic balloon control was obtained in 19.1% +/- 12.0% (+/-SD) of 680 EVAR patients. Abdominal compartment syndrome was treated by some form of decompression in 12.2% +/- 8.3% (+/-SD) of these EVAR patients. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that EVAR has a lower procedural mortality at 30 days than OR in at least some patients and that EVAR is better than OR for treating RAAA patients provided they have favorable anatomy; adequate skills, facilities, and protocols are available; and optimal strategies, techniques, and adjuncts are employed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Holst, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Recursive estimation in switching autoregressions with Markov regime
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Journal of Time Series Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0143-9782 .- 1467-9892. ; 15:5, s. 489-506
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hidden Markov regime is a Markov process that governs the time or space dependent distributions of an observed stochastic process. We propose a recursive algorithm for parameter estimation in a switching autoregressive process governed by a hidden Markov chain. A common approach to the recursive estimation problem is to base the estimation on suboptimal modifications of Kalman filtering techniques. The main idea in this paper is to use the maximum likelihood method and from this develop a recursive EM algorithm.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Lindström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Background and Foreground Modeling Using an Online EM Algorithm
- 2006
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Workshop on Visual Surveillance. ; VS2006, s. 9-16
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel approach to background/foreground segmentation using an online EM algorithm is presented. The method models each layer as a Gaussian mixture, with local, per pixel, parameters for the background layer and global parameters for the foreground layer, utilising information from the entire scene when estimating the foreground. Additionally, the online EM algorithm uses a progressive learning rate where the relative update speed of each Gaussian component depends on how often the component has been observed. It is shown that the progressive learning rate follows naturally from introduction of a forgetting factor in the log-likelihood. To reduce the number of mixture components similar foreground components are merged using a method based on the Kullback-Leibler distance. A bias is introduced in the variance estimates to avoid the known problem of singularities in the log-likelihood of Gaussian mixtures when the variance tends to zero. To allow a decoupling of the learning rate of the Gaussian components and the speed at which stationary objects are incorporated into the background a CUSUM detector is used instead of the prevailing method that uses the ratio of prior probability to standard deviation. The algorithm is scale invariant and its properties on gray-scale and RGB videos, as well as on output from an edge detector, is compared to that of another algorithm. Especially for the edge detector video performance increases dramatically.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of solar zenith angles on observed trends in the NOAA/NASA 8-km Pathfinder normalized difference vegetation index over the African Sahel
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-5901 .- 0143-1161. ; 27:9-10, s. 1973-1991
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strong systematic change in solar zenith angles (SZA) due to annual orbital drift of the NOAA satellites has raised the suspicion of the influence of residual illumination on the calibrated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from the Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) database. The aim of this work is to analyse if trends in AVHRR NDVI from 1982 to 2000 over the Sahel region in Africa depend on variations in SZA. The analysis uses both ordinary least squares regression and cointegration to analyse possible linear dependencies between NDVI and SZA on a per satellite basis. Tests for integration and cointegration fail to find any significant evidence for either. This, together with the ability of simple deterministic models to explain primarily SZA constitutes evidence against integration and cointegration, indicating that linear relationships can be examined using ordinary linear regression. Regression gives no consistent relationship between NDVI and SZA and the explanatory power (R 2) of the regression is low (on average 0.08). However there is some evidence for downward bias in NDVI due to nonlinear interactions between NDVI and SZA when SZA is large (>= 80 degrees) leading to the conclusion that PAL data from the year 2000 should not be used for analyses in these environments.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Malmberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
A real-time assimilation algorithm applied to near-surface ocean wind fields
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Environmetrics. - : Wiley. - 1099-095X .- 1180-4009. ; 19:3, s. 319-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedMarine operations depend on the ability to forecast suddenly appearing storms, and failures often cause great damage. As part of a sea-state alarm study, meteorological forecasts overlaid with satellite observations sent to ships have been found to be a useful too]. In this paper we present a real-time assimilation algorithm that extends this tool using statistical methods. The algorithm is applied to near-surface ocean wind fields. A Kalman filter based on a spatio-temporal state-space model provides a basis for emulation of the atmospheric model. The main contribution of this paper is the algorithm that makes it possible to use the information in the satellite observations over the full spatial domain of interest at a real-time basis.
|
|
| 10. |
- Malmberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Forecasting near-surface ocean winds with Kalman filter techniques
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5258 .- 0029-8018. ; 32:3-4, s. 273-291
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a statistical forecasting model designed for bounded areas of near-surface ocean wind speeds is implemented. Dimension reduction is achieved by decomposing the covariance structure into one large-scale and one small-scale component using empirical orthogonal functions. The large-scale component is modelled with an AR process and forecasts are calculated by applying a Kalman filter. The model is suited for stable weather situations as for unsteady situations it requires more frequent wind information. From the prediction variance fields it is possible to identify where unexpected weather usually enters the area.
|
|
| 11. |
- Åberg, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
An image warping approach to spatio-temporal modelling
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Environmetrics. - : Wiley. - 1099-095X .- 1180-4009. ; 16:8, s. 833-848
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we present a spatio-temporal dynamic model that can be realized using image warping. Image warping is a non-linear deformation which maps every point in one image plane to a point in another image plane. Using thin-plate splines, these deformations are defined by how a small set of points is mapped, making the method computationally tractable. In our case the dynamics of the process is modelled by thin-plate spline deformations and how they vary in time. Thus we make no assumption of stationarity in time. Finding the deformation between two images in the space-time series is a trade-off between a good match of the images and, a smooth, physically plausible, deformation. This is formulated as a penalized likelihood problem, where the likelihood measures how good the match is and the penalty comes from a prior model on the deformation. The dynamic model we suggest can be used to make forecasts and also to estimate the uncertainties associated with these. An introduction to image warping and thin-plate splines is given as well as an application where the methodology is applied to the problem of nowcasting radar precipitation.
|
|
| 12. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
|
|
| 13. |
- Alhadad, Alaa, et al.
(författare)
-
Iliocaval vein stenting: Long term survey of postthrombotic symptoms and working capacity.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-742X .- 0929-5305. ; 31, s. 211-216
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the long term effect on lower extremity function and working capacity after stenting of iliocaval vein segments for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or chronic venous occlusive disease. During a 14 year period from November 1994 to October 2008, 114 patients with median age 36 (interquartile range [IQR], 27-48) years, 72 (63%) women, 72 (63%) with hypercoagulable disorders, with acute DVT (n = 44, 39%), or chronic occlusions (n = 70, 61%) in the iliocaval vein segment were treated with venous stent placement after catheter-directed thrombolysis, angioplasty or recanalization. The long term impact on lower extremity function and working capacity was evaluated through retrospective evaluation of a prospectively registered database in combination with a questionnaire sent to all 108 surviving patients. The questionnaire was returned by 91/108(84%) patients, 37 (86%) with acute DVT, and 54(83%) with chronic venous occlusions. After a median follow-up of 6.2 (IQR 3.8-10.5) years, 38 (42%) patients were without anticoagulation therapy. Among patients with acute DVT 29 (78%) reported no lower extremity pain, 31 (84%) reported no ulcerations, and 26 (70%) were without lower extremity swelling, and 33(89%) without pelvic or genital pain. In summary, 22 (59%) were free from any symptomatic postthrombotic symptoms (PTS). Among patients with chronic occlusions, corresponding figures were 22 (41%), 45 (80%), 13 (24%), 39 (72%), and 7 (13%). Among patients treated for acute DVT 27 (73%) were working full- or part time, and 2 (5%) were above retirement age. Corresponding figures among patients treated for chronic venous occlusions were 31 (57%), and 10 (19%). Stenting of iliocaval vein segments with or without catheter-directed thrombolysis is a promising treatment of both acute thrombosis and chronic iliocaval vein occlusion that requires further study in comparison to non-interventional treatment concerning long time effects on postthrombotic symptoms and working capacity.
|
|
| 14. |
- Andersen, Ken Holst, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization of moderators and beam extraction at the ESS
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Crystallography. - 0021-8898. ; 51:2, s. 264-281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A global approach coupling the moderator to the beam extraction system has been applied for the design optimization of the thermal and cold moderators of the European Spallation Source (ESS), which will be the brightest neutron source in the world for condensed-matter studies. The design is based on the recently developed high-brightness low-dimensional moderator concepts. Para-hydrogen is used for the cold neutron source, while thermal neutrons are provided by moderation in water. The overall moderation configuration was chosen in order to satisfy a range of requirements on bispectral extraction, beamport configuration and instrument performance. All instruments are served by a single moderator assembly above the target, arranged in a 'butterfly' geometry with a height of 3 cm. This was determined to be the optimal height for trade-off between high brightness and efficient guide illumination, by analysis of the performance of 23 instruments, based on the reference suite of the ESS Technical Design Report. The concept of 'brilliance transfer' is introduced to quantify the performance of the neutron optical system from the source to the sample. The target monolith incorporates a grid of 42 neutron beamports with an average separation of 6°, allowing a free choice between cold and thermal neutron sources at all instrument positions. With the large number of beamports and the space below the target available for future moderators, ample opportunities are available for future upgrades.
|
|
| 15. |
- Aronsson, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Bootstrap control
- 2006
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. - 0018-9286. ; 51:1, s. 28-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a new way to control linear stochastic systems. The method is based on statistical bootstrap techniques. The optimal future control signal is derived in such a way that unknown noise distribution and uncertainties in parameter estimates are taken into account. This is achieved by resampling from existing data when calculating statistical distributions of future process values. The bootstrap algorithm takes care of arbitrary loss functions and unknown noise distribution even for small estimation sets. The efficient way of utilizing data implies that the method is also well suited for slowly time-varying stochastic systems.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Substrate Control of Biotechnical Fedbatch Processes. Robustness and the Role of Adaptivity
- 1990
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from experiments on laboratory scale fedbatch processes are presented as well as analysis and design of the control system. The main reason for control is to track the drastic growth in feed demand during a cultivation. Variations in the amount and quality of the inocculum makes precalculated dosage schemes of limited value to obtain reproducible cultivation conditions. Two processes have been studied on a laboratory scale, production of bakers' yeast, and production of the enzyme salicylate hydroxylase using a strain of bacteria. Direct measurement was used to monitor the feed demand. A regulator structure is proposed based on an observer for the exponentially growing feed demand. It can be viewed as a modified PID regulator around a dosage scheme, but it is less sensitive to errors in the dosage scheme than conventional PID control. The a priori knowledge of the feed profile is further relaxed by introduction of adaptation of the growth rate parameter. The obtained non-linear control system has a simple structure and stability is garanteed for a wide range of initial values using the technique of Liapunov function. The linearized system is analysed in the frequency domain and the adaptation is shown to have negligible influence on the loop phase margin. The adaptive regulator is tested in simulation against real feed profiles and shows good results.
|
|
| 20. |
- Beckman, Stig-Inge, et al.
(författare)
-
Alarm characteristics for a flood warning system with deterministic components
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Journal of Time Series Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0143-9782 .- 1467-9892. ; 11:1, s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for evaluating a predictor-based alarm system is studied in this paper. The predictor is composed of a deterministic component reflecting external information and a statistically based component for the error between the measurements and the external predictor. The aim of the predictor study is twofold: it is a means of interpreting the connections between the alarm and the catastrophe, and it can be used to select suitable alarm levels. As an application, the performance of a water-level predictor as part of a flood warning system has been evaluated. The result of this analysis shows that an alarm system which operates when the predictor reaches a certain level will tend to give either too many alarms or alarms that are out of phase with the catastrophe.''
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Bentayeb, Malek, et al.
(författare)
-
Indoor air quality, ventilation and respiratory health in elderly residents Living in nursing homes in Europe
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 45:5, s. 1228-1238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few data exist on respiratory effects of indoor air quality and comfort parameters in the elderly. In the context of the GERIE study, we investigated for the first time the relationships of these factors to respiratory morbidity among elderly people permanently living in nursing homes in seven European countries. 600 elderly people from 50 nursing homes underwent a medical examination and completed a standardised questionnaire. Air quality and comfort parameters were objectively assessed in situ in the nursing home. Mean concentrations of air pollutants did not exceed the existing standards. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio was highly significantly related to elevated levels of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of <0.1 mu m (PM0.1) (adjusted OR 8.16, 95% CI 2.24-29.3) and nitrogen dioxide (aOR 3.74, 95% CI 1.06-13.1). Excess risks for usual breathlessness and cough were found with elevated PM10 (aOR 1.53 (95% CI 1.15-2.07) and aOR 1.73 (95% CI 1.17-10.3), respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.15-2.20) and aOR 1.56 (95% CI 1.03-2.41), respectively). Excess risks for wheeze in the past year were found with PM0.1 (aOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.15-7.02) and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exhaled carbon monoxide with formaldehyde (aOR 3.49 (95% CI 1.17-10.3) and aOR 1.25 (95% CI 1.02-1.55), respectively). Breathlessness and cough were associated with higher carbon dioxide. Relative humidity was inversely related to wheeze in the past year and usual cough. Elderly subjects aged >= 80 years were at higher risk. Pollutant effects were more pronounced in the case of poor ventilation. Even at low levels, indoor air quality affected respiratory health in elderly people permanently living in nursing homes, with frailty increasing with age. The effects were modulated by ventilation.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Bergqvist, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Svårkontrollerad blödning vid kirurgi - praktiska åtgärder
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 104:6, s. 407-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Difficult-to-control intraoperative bleeding--practical measures Bleeding with difficulties obtaining haemostasis can be a catastrophe. This paper summarizes a symposium with the above title. A short introduction gives the background of normal haemostasis as well as iatrogenic vascular injuries as reflected in the Swedish vascular registry (Swedvasc). Practical guidelines are given on how to manage situations of severe haemorrhage with the help of pharmacological substances, local haemostatics, endovascular methodology and open surgery.
|
|
| 25. |
- Björses, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chemically modified degradable starch microspheres for topical haemostasis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: ACTA BIOMATERIALIA. - : Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam. - 1742-7061 .- 1878-7568. ; 7:6, s. 2558-2565
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degradable starch microspheres (DSMs) are starch chains cross-linked with epichlorhydrin, forming glycerol-ether links. DSMs have been used for many years for temporary vascular occlusion and drug delivery in treatment of malignancies. They are also approved and used for topical haemostasis by absorbing excess fluid from the blood and concentrating endogenous coagulation factors, thereby facilitating haemostasis. This mechanism of action is not sufficient for larger bleedings in current chemical formulations of DSMs, and modification of DSMs to trigger activation of platelets or coagulation would be required for use in such applications. Chemical modifications of DSMs with N-octenyl succinic anhydride, chloroacetic acid, acetic anhydride, diethylaminoethyl chloride and ellagic acid were performed and evaluated in vitro with thrombin generation and platelet adhesion tests, and in vivo using an experimental renal bleeding model in rat. DSMs modified to activate platelets in vitro were superior in haemostatic capacity in vivo. Further studies with non-toxic substances are warranted to confirm these results and develop the DSM as a more effective topical haemostatic agent.
|
|
| 26. |
- Björses, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Topical Haemostatics in Renal Trauma-An Evaluation of Four Different Substances in an Experimental Setting
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Trauma. - 0022-5282. ; 66:3, s. 602-611
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Damage control is valuable in hemodynamically unstable trauma patients. To improve the hemostasis of packing, topical hemostatic agents have been suggested. The effects of such agents are unclear in trauma situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemostatic capacity, and the stability of the hemostatic clot, of four substances with different mode of action in an experimental traumatic bleeding model. METHODS: A standardized heminefrectomy was performed in 180 heparinized and normotensive Sprauge-Dawley rats. Four different substances were studied (separately and in combinations) in a randomized fashion: gelatin (sponge and matrix), bovine thrombin, freeze-dried recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), and microporous polysaccharide hemospheres. Eight treatment groups (15 animals/group) were considered, primary endpoint was hemostasis within 20 minutes of observation. The effective treatment groups were evaluated in a second set in the same experimental model, but with a prolonged observation time after hemostasis (60 minutes) to control the stability of the clot. RESULTS: Those animals treated with gelatin in the comparative study, with and without thrombin or rFVIIa, obtained hemostasis. Thrombin and rFVIIa alone did not have any hemostatic capacity. Only 20% to 25% of the animals obtained hemostasis with microporous polysaccharide hemospheres alone or in combination with rFVIIa. In the prolonged observation study, gelatin alone and in combination with thrombin or rFVIIa was studied. On average, 34% (20%-54%) of the animals rebled with no significant difference between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Gelatin-containing products provided a fast hemostasis in this experimental model. One third of the animals rebled, regardless of whether thrombin or rFVIIa was added. Further studies are demanded to confirm these results clinically.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Bohlin, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Statistical Anomaly Detection for Train Fleets
- 2012. - 9
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 3, 2012. - Toronto, Canada. - 9781577355687 ; , s. 2217-2223
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a method for statistical anomaly detection which has been deployed in a tool for condition monitoring of train fleets. The tool is currently used by several railway operators over the world to inspect and visualize the occurrence of "event messages" generated on the trains. The anomaly detection component helps the operators to quickly find significant deviations from normal behavior and to detect early indications for possible problems. The savings in maintenance costs comes mainly from avoiding costly breakdowns, and have been estimated to several million Euros per year for the tool. In the long run, it is expected that maintenance costs can be reduced with between 5 and 10 % by using the tool.
|
|
| 29. |
- Bohlin, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
The opportunistic replacement and inspection problem for components with a stochastic life time
- 2011. - 6
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The problem of finding efficient maintenance and inspection schemes in the case of components with a stochastic life time is studied and a mixed integer programming solution is proposed. The problem is compared with the two simpler problems of which the studied problem is a generalisation: The opportunistic replacement problem, assuming components with a deterministic life time and The opportunistic replacement problem for components with a stochastic life time, for maintenance schemes without inspections.
|
|
| 30. |
- Cornefjord, Måns, et al.
(författare)
-
A systematic review of differences in outcome between one and two stage palate repair in cleft lip and palate
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 2000-656X. ; 58, s. 132-141
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether one-stage palatoplasty for children born with cleft lip and palate shows overall advantages in outcome compared with two-stage palatoplasty. The included studies were controlled studies of syndromic and non-syndromic children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral cleft lip and palate, or isolated cleft palate. The interventions studied were one-stage palatoplasty and two-stage palatoplasty starting with the soft palate. The outcomes were facial growth, speech, hearing, presence of fistulae, other complications related to surgery, health-related quality of life, and health economics. In total, 14 original studies were included. Results were dichotomized into showing advantage for one- or two-stage palatoplasty for the respective outcome and compared with the results from six included systematic reviews. No overall advantage for either surgical strategy was found for any of the outcome measures. The certainty of evidence was highest for the presence of fistulae, followed by facial growth and speech. For several outcomes, the quality of the existing evidence was too low to allow for any conclusions to be drawn. Neither one- nor two-stage palatoplasty showed significant advantages in clinical outcomes compared with the other. Other aspects such as ethics, economics, or surgeon's preference might hence be of more importance. Homogenous choices of outcome measures and defined minimal clinically important differences would facilitate further research.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Daoud, Fatima, et al.
(författare)
-
Role of smooth muscle YAP and TAZ in protection against phenotypic modulation, inflammation, and aneurysm development
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Biochemical Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-2952. ; 206
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A ruptured arterial aneurysm, especially in the aorta, represents one of the most acute and mortal conditions encountered in clinical medicine. Population-based screening in elderly men, treatment of risk factors, such as hypertension, and endovascular or open repair of rupture-prone lesions, represent cornerstones in management. Surgical repair has a sizeable effect on life-expectancy, but medical therapy that retards aneurysm growth still represents a considerable and unmet clinical need. In the current review we survey recent findings implicating the mechano-responsive transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ in protection from aneurysm development. Arteries from mouse mutants that lack YAP and TAZ in vascular smooth muscle respond inadequately to mechanical stimulation, and they develop aneurysms characterized by elastin fragmentation, proteoglycan infiltration, and severe inflammation at breathtaking speed. This seems to be due, at least in part, to unscheduled activation of STING (stimulator of interferon genes), an arm of innate immunity that responds to double-stranded DNA in the cytoplasm. YAP and TAZ protect from STING activation by securing nuclear integrity. These novel insights suggest unanticipated medical therapies for sporadic and genetic aneurysms alike, involving inhibition of kinases in the Hippo pathway using small molecules, or inhibition of STING signaling itself. Translation of these novel findings into clinical therapies now represents an important priority.
|
|
| 33. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Temperature limited fed-batch cultivation with a probing feeding strategy for Escherichia coli
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Computer Applications in Biotechnology 2004. - 008044251X ; , s. 73-79
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cultivation strategy combining the advantages of temperature limitedfed-batch and probing control is presented.This is a suitable way to produce recombinant proteins while minimizing therelease of endotoxins which complicates the downstream processing.The downside with the temperature limited fed-batch technique has been the difficulty to achieve a controlled excess of glucose inthe reactor without the accumulation of acetic acid when usingstandard sensors.A method using a probing feeding strategy withdown-pulses is here suggested. The technique is investigated insimulations and experiments.
|
|
| 34. |
- Dufek, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Correlation of errors in the Monte Carlo fission source and the fission matrix fundamental-mode eigenvector
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4549 .- 1873-2100. ; 94, s. 415-421
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies raised a question about the level of a possible correlation of errors in the cumulative Monte Carlo fission source and the fundamental-mode eigenvector of the fission matrix. A number of new methods tally the fission matrix during the actual Monte Carlo criticality calculation, and use its fundamental-mode eigenvector for various tasks. The methods assume the fission matrix eigenvector is a better representation of the fission source distribution than the actual Monte Carlo fission source, although the fission matrix and its eigenvectors do contain statistical and other errors. A recent study showed that the eigenvector could be used for an unbiased estimation of errors in the cumulative fission source if the errors in the eigenvector and the cumulative fission source were not correlated. Here we present new numerical study results that answer the question about the level of the possible error correlation. The results may be of importance to all methods that use the fission matrix. New numerical tests show that the error correlation is present at a level which strongly depends on properties of the spatial mesh used for tallying the fission matrix. The error correlation is relatively strong when the mesh is coarse, while the correlation weakens as the mesh gets finer. We suggest that the coarseness of the mesh is measured in terms of the value of the largest element in the tallied fission matrix as that way accounts for the mesh as well as system properties. In our test simulations, we observe only negligible error correlations when the value of the largest element in the fission matrix is about 0.1. Relatively strong error correlations appear when the value of the largest element in the fission matrix raises above about 0.5. We also study the effect of the error correlations on accuracy of the eigenvector-based error estimator. The numerical tests show that the eigenvector-based estimator consistently underestimates the errors in the cumulative fission source when a strong correlation is present between the errors in the fission matrix eigenvector and the cumulative fission source (i.e., when the mesh is too coarse). The error estimates are distributed around the real error value when the mesh is sufficiently fine.
|
|
| 35. |
- Egerod, Kristoffer L, et al.
(författare)
-
A Major Lineage of Enteroendocrine Cells Coexpress CCK, Secretin, GIP, GLP-1, PYY, and Neurotensin but Not Somatostatin.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enteroendocrine cells such as duodenal cholecystokinin (CCK cells) are generally thought to be confined to certain segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and to store and release peptides derived from only a single peptide precursor. In the current study, however, transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the CCK promoter demonstrated a distribution pattern of CCK-eGFP positive cells that extended throughout the intestine. Quantitative PCR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomic analyses of isolated, FACS-purified CCK-eGFP-positive cells demonstrated expression of not only CCK but also glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY), neurotensin, and secretin, but not somatostatin. Immunohistochemistry confirmed this expression pattern. The broad coexpression phenomenon was observed both in crypts and villi as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and FACS analysis of separated cell populations. Single-cell quantitative PCR indicated that approximately half of the duodenal CCK-eGFP cells express one peptide precursor in addition to CCK, whereas an additional smaller fraction expresses two peptide precursors in addition to CCK. The coexpression pattern was further confirmed through a cell ablation study based on expression of the human diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of the proglucagon promoter, in which activation of the receptor resulted in a marked reduction not only in GLP-1 cells, but also PYY, neurotensin, GIP, CCK, and secretin cells, whereas somatostatin cells were spared. Key elements of the coexpression pattern were confirmed by immunohistochemical double staining in human small intestine. It is concluded that a lineage of mature enteroendocrine cells have the ability to coexpress members of a group of functionally related peptides: CCK, secretin, GIP, GLP-1, PYY, and neurotensin, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and obesity.
|
|
| 36. |
- Ekman, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Condition based maintenance of trains doors
- 2011. - 7
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As part of the project DUST financed by Vinnova, we have investigated whether event data generated on trains can be used for finding evidence of wear on train doors. We have compared the event data and maintenance reports relating to doors of Regina trains. Although some interesting relations were found, the overall result is that the information in event data about wear of doors is very limited.
|
|
| 37. |
- Ekman, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Incremental stream clustering and anomaly detection
- 2008. - 1
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report concerns the "ISC-tool", a tool for classification of patterns and detection of anomalous patterns, where a pattern is a set of values. The tool has a graphical user interface "the anomalo-meter" that shows the degree of anomaly of a pattern and how it is classified. The report describes the user interaction with the tool and the underlying statistical methods used, which basically are Bayesian inference for finding expected or "predictive" distributions for clusters of patterns and using these distributions for classifying and assessing a degree of anomaly to a new pattern. The report also briefly discusses what in general are appropriate methods for clustering and anomaly detection. The project has been supported by SSF via the Butler2 programme.
|
|
| 38. |
- Ekman, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
TIME - en gemensam informationsutbytesplattform för järnvägstransportbranschen
- 2006. - 5
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- TIME står för Train Information Management Environment. TIME är ett tänkt övergripande informationssystem för Järnväg. Viktiga aspekter hos TIME är utformningen av en plattform för kommunikation mellan aktörerna i järnvägstransportbranschen och information mellan fordon och system med en fast plats. TIME gäller alla delar i ett informationssystem, hur data produceras och processas, infrastruktur för information och principer för datalagring och informationsutbyte samt funktioner och tjänster baserade på denna information. TIME avser t.ex. att medverka till att samverkan mellan järnvägstransportbranschens aktörer fungerar bra, dessa aktörers egen verksamhet blir effektiv och att kunder till järnvägen och andra som beror av järnvägen erhåller rätt information.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Ericsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychosocial consequences in men taking part in a national screening program for abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1062-0303 .- 1532-6578. ; 35:4, s. 211-220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has proven to reduce AAA-related mortality, but how the knowledge of having an untreated AAA affects health and daily life requires further clarification. The aim was to investigate the psychosocial consequences and sense of coherence (SOC) in 65-year-old men diagnosed with AAA and participating in a national screening program during a 6-month follow-up compared with men with no AAA. The single-center cohort study included 52 men with AAA and 118 men without AAA. A questionnaire including the Short Form 36 Health Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SOC, questions concerning stress, and questions related to AAAwere answered at baseline and after 6 months. Men with AAA reported more problems with physical functioning, pain, and general health than men with a normal aorta at baseline. After 6 months, men with AAA still reported more problems with physical functioning and stress in relation to disease than men with normal aortic diameter. No differences were observed between groups in SOC, anxiety, and depression. A significantly higher satisfaction with information from the physician and desire to learn about the AAA diagnosis was reported at baseline compared with that at follow-up. Having knowledge about the AAA diagnosis may moderately impact physical health and perceived stress, and in combination with the increased prevalence of other cardiovascular diseases, may lead to impaired perceived health for men diagnosed with AAA.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Frostadottir, Drifa, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Processed Nerve Allograft in Peripheral Nerve Surgery: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 2169-7574. ; 11:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Peripheral nerve injuries cause substantial problems when not treated properly. A specific problem is reconstruction of nerve defects, which can be treated in different ways. This study aimed to systematically review whether processed nerve allograft (PNA) is justified in reconstruction of a nerve defect in patients after posttraumatic or iatrogenic peripheral nerve injury and to compare PNA with other established methods. Methods:A systematic review with a focused question, PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome) and constraints, was performed. A structured literature search, including several databases, was done to evaluate the existing evidence for outcomes and postoperative complications related to PNA. The certainty of evidence was classified according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. Results:No conclusions, concerning differences in outcome of nerve reconstruction using PNA compared with the use of nerve autograft or conduits, could be drawn. The level of certainty for all evaluated outcomes was very low (& OPLUS;◯◯◯). Most published studies lack a control group to patients treated with PNA; being only descriptive, making it difficult to compare PNA with established methods without substantial risk of bias. For studies including a control group, the scientific evidence was of very low certainty, due to a low number of included patients, and large, undefined loss of patients during follow-up, rendering a high risk of bias. Finally, the authors often had financial disclosures. Conclusion:Properly conducted randomized controlled trial studies on the use of PNA in reconstruction of peripheral nerve injuries are needed to establish recommendations in clinical practice.
|
|
| 44. |
- Ghazvinian, Raein, et al.
(författare)
-
Outpatient Treatment in Low-Risk Pulmonary Embolism Patients Receiving Direct Acting Oral Anticoagulants Is Associated With Cost Savings
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. - : SAGE Publications. - 1076-0296 .- 1938-2723. ; 26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are first line treatment for pulmonary embolism (PE). Treatment of acute PE is traditionally hospital based and associated with high costs. The aims of this study were to evaluate potential cost savings with outpatient DOAC treatment compared to inpatient DOAC treatment in patients with low risk PE. A retrospective study in patients with DOAC treated low risk PE (simplified pulmonary severity index [sPESI] ≤ 1) admitted to 8 hospitals during 2013-2015. Health care costs were compared in 223(44%) patients treated as outpatients and 287(56%) treated in hospital. Total cost per patient was 8293 EUR in the inpatient group, and 2176 EUR in the outpatient group (p < 0.001). Total costs for inpatients were higher (p < 0.001) compared to outpatients in both subgroups with sPESI 0 and 1. In multivariate analysis, type of treatment (in- or outpatient, p = < 0.001) and sPESI group (0 or 1, p = < 0.001) were associated with total cost below or above median, whereas age (p = 0.565) and gender (p = 0.177) was not. Adherence to guidelines recommending outpatient treatment with DOAC in patients with low risk PE enables significant savings.
|
|
| 45. |
- Graf, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018 : Energy partitioning in the drought 2018
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 375:1810
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO 2 exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands). Each component of the surface radiation and energy balance observed in 2018 was compared to available data per site during a reference period 2004-2017. Based on anomalies in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, we classified 46 sites as drought affected. These received on average 9% more solar radiation and released 32% more sensible heat to the atmosphere compared to the mean of the reference period. In general, drought decreased net CO 2 uptake by 17.8%, but did not significantly change net evapotranspiration. The response of these fluxes differed characteristically between ecosystems; in particular, the general increase in the evaporative index was strongest in peatlands and weakest in croplands. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
|
|
| 46. |
- Grage, Halfdan, et al.
(författare)
-
Level crossing prediction with neural networks
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7713 .- 1387-5841. ; 63:Online First, s. 623-645
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A level crossing predictor or alarm system with prediction horizon k is said to be optimal if it, at time t detects that an upcrossing will occur at time t + k, with a certain high probability and simultaneously gives a minimum number of false alarms. For a Gaussian stationary process, the optimal level crossing predictor can be explicitly specified in terms of the predicted value of the process itself and of its derivative. To the authors knowledge this simple optimal solution has not been used to any substantial degree. In this paper it is shown how a neural network can be trained to approximate an optimal alarm system arbitrarily well. As in other methods of parametrization, the choice of model structure, as well as an appropriate representation of data, are crucial for a good result. Comparative studies are presented for two Gaussian ARMA-processes, for which the optimal predictor can be derived theoretically. These studies confirm that a properly trained neural network can indeed approximate an optimal alarm system quite well – with due attention paid to the problems of model structure and representation of data. The technique is also tested on a strongly non-Gaussian Duffing process with satisfactory results.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Hasbak, Philip, et al.
(författare)
-
The vasorelaxant effect of adrenomedullin, proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide and amylin in human skin
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1742-7843. ; 99:2, s. 162-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we aimed to assess in vivo, the vasodilator effects of adrenomedullin, proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) and amylin in human skin vasculature and compare the responses to the effects mediated by the endogenenous neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P and to examine the mRNA expression of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CL-R) and receptor-activity modifying proteins, RAMP1, RAMP 2 and RAMP3 in human subcutaneous arteries. Changes in skin blood flow of the forearm were measured using a Laser Doppler Imager after intradermal injection of the peptides. The mRNA expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). CGRP, adrenomedullin and amylin induced concentration-dependent, long-lasting increases in skin blood flow. The response to PAMP was shorter in duration appearing similar to the transient response induced by substance P. PAMP (10(-6)-10(-5)M) caused distinct itch sensation and local erythema. This effect could be abolished when combining the histamine H-1-receptor antagonist mepyramin and PAMP. Real-time PCR data showed a higher level of mRNA for RAMP2 than CL-R, RAMP1 and RAMP3 in the tissue. Though the PCR data demonstrated the presence of mRNA for both CGRP1 and adrenomedullin receptors the rank order of potency (CGRP > adrenomedullin > amylin) for the blood flow increase indicated vasodilatation for these peptides was induced by activation of CGRP1 receptors. Intradermal injection of CGRP, adrenomedullin and amylin induces long lasting dilatation of human skin vasculature by activation of CGRP1 receptors. PAMP induces transient vasodilatation. PAMP but not CGRP, adrenomedullin and amylin causes itch sensation and local erythema. The transient effect on vasodilatation as response to PAMP is discussed.
|
|
| 49. |
- Holst, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
A joint statistical and symbolic anomaly detection system : Increasing performance in maritime surveillance
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 15th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2012. - 9780982443859 ; , s. 1919-1926
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for improving the capability to detect illegal or hazardous activities and yet reducing the workload of operators involved in various surveillance tasks calls for research on more capable automatic tools. To maximize their performance, these tools should be able to combine automatic capturing of normal behavior from data with domain knowledge in the form of human descriptions. In a proposed Joint Statistical and Symbolic Anomaly Detection System, statistical and symbolic methods are tightly integrated in order to detect the majority of critical events in the situation while minimizing unwanted alerts. We exemplify the proposed system in the domain of maritime surveillance.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
