| 1. |
- Albin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Survival in cohorts of asbestos cement workers and controls
- 1996
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1470-7926. ; 53:2, s. 87-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To measure the impact on survival of being exposed to asbestos cement dust. METHODS: Survival of 866 asbestos cement workers and 755 controls was studied with Cox's proportional hazards regression models with age as the basic time variable. The effect of cumulative exposure up to the age of 40 was investigated in an internal analysis of 635 asbestos cement workers who had dose estimates. RESULTS: The death risk was higher for the asbestos cement workers than for the controls with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval was 1.00 to 1.31). The increased risk found seemed to be confined to the period 20-40 years from start of employment. The estimates of the cohort effect were almost unaffected by adjustment for smoking habits. The estimates of the exposure effect rose with increasing dose (< 4 fibre-years/ml (f-y/ml): HR = 1.00, 4-9.9 f-y/ml: HR = 1.06, > or = 10 f-y/ml: HR = 1.35, for workers with at least five years of employment), and were higher when restricted only to deaths from malignant or non-malignant respiratory disease. However, none of the point estimates were significantly increased. Median age at death was two years lower in the high than in the low, exposure group. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that even a moderate asbestos exposure may shorten the median duration of life in an exposed population. Compared with the estimated effect on duration of life from ever being a smoker, that of ever being an asbestos cement worker was less, although that of having a high exposure was similar.
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| 2. |
- Bogren, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Lundby revisited: first incidence of mental disorders 1947-1997.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0004-8674 .- 1440-1614. ; 41:2, s. 178-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate how first incidence of various mental disorders changed between the periods of 1947-1972 to 1972-1997 in the Lundby cohort. Method: First-incidence rates of mental disorders were calculated for two 25 year periods and ten 5 year periods. Results: From 1947-1972 to 1972-1997 a decrease in almost all age- and sex-specific incidences of neurotic and organic brain disorders was observed, whereas incidence rates of psychotic disorders increased consistently in male subjects but decreased in most age intervals in female subjects. For both sexes the age-standardized 5 year period incidences of neurotic disorders decreased after 1972, fluctuated for psychotic disorders 1947-1997 and decreased steadily for organic disorders 1947-1997. Conclusions: The reduction in neurotic and organic brain disorder incidences may be linked to structural changes in society and medical advances.
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| 3. |
- Bogren, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of psychosis: a 50-year follow-up of the Lundby population.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8491 .- 0940-1334. ; 260:2, s. 113-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioural and neuropsychological vulnerability have been associated with an increased risk of psychosis. We investigated whether certain clusters of premorbid behavioural and personality-related signs and symptoms were predictors of nonaffective and/or affective psychosis and schizophrenia, respectively, in a 50-year follow-up of an unselected general community population. Total population cohorts from the same catchment area in 1947 (n = 2,503) and 1957 (n = 3,215) that had been rated for behavioural items and enduring symptoms were followed up to 1997 regarding first-incidence of DSM-IV nonaffective and/or affective psychosis. Attrition was 1-6%. The influence of the background factors, aggregated in dichotomous variables (predictors), on time to occurrence of nonaffective and/or affective psychosis was assessed by means of Cox regression models. In multivariate models the predictors nervous-tense, blunt-deteriorated, paranoid-schizotypal and tired-distracted were significantly associated with subsequent nonaffective and/or affective psychosis. In simple models, down-semidepressed, sensitive-frail and easily hurt were significantly associated with development of psychosis. When schizophrenia was analysed separately nervous-tense remained significant in the multivariate model, although blunt-deteriorated, paranoid-schizotypal and tired-distracted did not; and abnormal-antisocial reached significance. To conclude, we found some evidence for anxiety-proneness, affective/cognitive blunting, poor concentration, personality cluster-A like traits and interpersonal sensitivity to be associated with general psychosis vulnerability.
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| 4. |
- Erlandsson, Lena-Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Health factors in the everyday life and work of public sector employees in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 42:3, s. 321-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to explore aspects of everyday life in addition to established risk factors and their relationship to subjective health and well-being among public sector employees in Sweden. Gainful employment impact on employees' health and well-being, but work is only one part of everyday life and a broader perspective is essential in order to identify health-related factors.Participants: Data were obtained from employees at six Social Insurance Offices in Sweden, 250 women and 50 men.Method: A questionnaire based on established instruments and questions specifically designed for this study was used. Relationships between five factors of everyday life, subjective health and well-being were investigated by means of multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: The final model revealed a limited importance of certain work-related factors. A general satisfaction with everyday activities, a stress-free environment and general control in addition to not having monotonous movements at work were found to be factors explaining 46.3% of subjective good health and well-being.Conclusions: A person's entire activity pattern, including work, is important, and strategies for promoting health should take into account the person's situation as a whole. The interplay between risk and health factors is not clear and further research is warranted. © 2012 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Flansbjer, Ulla-Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Men With Late Effects of Polio Decline More Than Women in Lower Limb Muscle Strength: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PM&R. - : Wiley. - 1934-1563 .- 1934-1482. ; 7:11, s. 1127-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In persons with prior paralytic poliomyelitis, progressive muscle weakness can occur after a stable period of at least 15 years. Knowledge is limited about which factors influence changes in lower limb muscle strength in these persons. Objective. To assess changes in lower limb muscle strength annually over 4 years in persons with late effects of polio and to identify prognostic factors for changes in muscle strength. A prospective, longitudinal study. University hospital outpatient program. Fifty-two ambulant persons (mean age ± standard deviation: 64 ± 6 years) with verified late effects of polio. Mixed linear models were used to analyze changes in muscle strength and to identify determinants among the following covariates: gender, age, age at acute polio infection, time with late effects of polio, body mass index, and estimated baseline muscle weakness. Knee extensor and flexor and ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength were measured annually with a Biodex dynamometer. The men (n = 28) had significant linear change over time for all knee muscle strength measurements, from −1.4% (P < .05) per year for isokinetic knee flexion in the less-affected lower limb to −4.2% (P < .001) for isokinetic knee extension in the more-affected lower limb, and for 2 ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength measurements (−3.3%-1.4% per year [P < .05]). The women (n = 24) had a significant linear change over time only for ankle dorsiflexor measurements (4.0%-5.5% per year [P < .01]). Gender was the strongest factor that predicted a change in muscle strength over time.Over 4 years, men had a greater decline in muscle strength than did women, but the rate of decline did not accelerate. This finding indicates that gender could be a contributing factor to the progressive decline in muscle strength in persons with late effects of polio.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gräsbeck, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Dementia in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia. A Family History Study.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 19:2-3, s. 145-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have found a clustering of dementia in relatives of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study analysed the familial aggregation of FTD specifically as well as the occurrence of dementia in general in first-degree relatives of patients with FTD. A family history study was carried out on 478 first-degree relatives of 74 index patients suffering from FTD. Cases of organic dementia and of FTD were diagnosed according to internationally accepted diagnostic criteria. Age- and sex-specific incidences of organic dementia and of FTD were calculated as was the proportion of FTD in relation to organic dementia in general; comparisons with clinical and population studies were made. There was a tenfold increase in the incidence of FTD in the first-degree relatives of FTD patients compared with the incidence of FTD in a population study. The proportion of FTD in relation to all types of organic dementia was much higher in relatives of FTD patients compared to the corresponding proportions in clinical and population-based studies. There was a small, non-significant difference between the present family history study and the population studies as regards the incidence of organic dementia. The findings suggest that hereditary and/or shared environmental factors are strongly involved in the aetiology of FTD. There were no indications of familial clustering of organic dementia in general in relatives of FTD patients.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Haak, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between perceived aspects of home and symptoms in a cohort aged 67-70.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6976 .- 0167-4943. ; 61:3, s. 529-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of the home environment increases with age. Perceived aspects of home influence life satisfaction, perceived health, independence in daily activities and well-being among very old people. However, research on health and perceived aspects of home among senior citizens in earlier phases of the aging process is lacking. Therefore, the main aim was to explore whether perceived aspects of home are related to number of and specific domains of symptoms in a cohort of people aged 67-70. Interview and observation data on aspects of home and health, collected with 371 individuals living in ordinary housing in urban as well as rural areas in southern Sweden, were used. Descriptive statistics, correlations, multiple linear and logistic regression models were employed. The results showed that the median number of symptoms was 6.0. Reporting fewer reported symptoms was associated with a higher meaning of home (p=0.003) and lower external housing related control beliefs (p=0.001) but not with usability in the home. High external control beliefs were significantly associated with symptoms from head (p=0.014), gastrointestinal (p=0.014) and tension symptoms (p≤0.001). Low meaning of home was significantly associated with heart-lung symptoms (p=0.007), and low usability was associated with depressive symptoms (p=0.003). In conclusion, showing that perceived aspects of home are important for health in terms of physical and mental symptoms, this study contributes to the knowledge on the complex interplay of health and home in the third age.
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| 12. |
- Haak, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of participation on mortality in very old age among community-living people in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aging clinical and experimental research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1594-0667 .- 1720-8319. ; 31:2, s. 265-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Participation in everyday life and society is generally seen as essential for health-related outcomes and acknowledged to affect older people’s well-being. Aims: To investigate if aspects of performance- and togetherness-related participation influence on mortality among very old single living people in Sweden. Methods: ENABLE-AGE Survey Study data involving single-living participants in Sweden (N = 314, aged 81–91 years), followed over 10 years were used. Multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for demographic and health-related variables were used to analyse specific items influencing mortality. Results: Participation in performance- or togetherness-oriented activities was found to significantly influence mortality [HR 0.62 (0.44–0.88), P value 0.006, and HR 0.72 (0.53–0.97), P value 0.031, respectively]. Talking to neighbours and following local politics had a protective effect on mortality, speaking to relatives on the phone (CI 1.10–2.02) and performing leisure activities together with others (CI 1.10–2.00) had the opposite influence. That is, those performing the latter activities were significantly more likely to die earlier. Discussion: The main contribution of this study is the facet of the results showing that aspects of performance- and togetherness-related participation have a protective effect on mortality in very old age. This is important knowledge for designing health promotion and preventive efforts for the ageing population. Moreover, it constitutes a contribution to the development of instruments capturing aspects of participation influencing on mortality. Conclusion: In the development of health promotion and preventive efforts the inclusion of participation facets could be considered in favour of potential positive influences on longevity.
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| 13. |
- Haak, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Two dimensions of participation in very old age and their relations to home and neighborhood environments.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0272-9490. ; 62:1, s. 77-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to capture and operationalize the concept of participation among people who are very old (age > 80) and to investigate whether and how aspects of housing and neighborhood environments relate to participation in very old age. Two dimensions of participation--performance-oriented participation and togetherness-oriented participation---emerged from an earlier qualitative study and were operationalized and validated in this study with quantitative variables. Both objective and perceived housing and neighborhood aspects were significantly related to, in particular, performance-oriented participation and, to a lesser extent, to togetherness-oriented participation. Most interventions in occupational therapy are accomplished within the home for very old people, but our results imply that there are potential interventions to accomplish on a societal level as well. In this respect, our study contributes to the knowledge in the field and has the potential to support the development of novel occupational therapy interventions targeting society at large.
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| 14. |
- Harschel, Anne K, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health among very old people in European countries : An explorative study in Latvia and Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 2333-7214. ; 1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To explore and gain insight into factors related to self-rated health (SRH) among very old people in two European countries. Methods: The study was based on Latvian (n = 301) and Swedish (n = 397) data from the baseline of the Enabling Autonomy, Participation, and Well-Being in Old Age: The Home Environment as a Determinant for Healthy Ageing Survey Study. Besides descriptive statistics, ordinal regression analysis was used to analyze demographic, physical and mental health-related, functional and environmental factors related to SRH in each sample. Results: In both samples, participants with worse perceived physical mobility and more symptoms were significantly more likely to have worse SRH. There were more diverse results regarding other factors in terms of opposite relations to SRH, comparing the two samples. Discussion: Preventive measures and health care should focus on improving and supporting mobility and physical health among older people. Especially in countries with low scores on indicators of health such as Latvia, to minimize health inequalities. More attention should be paid to factors to improve the general health status of the population.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Horstmann, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing the effects of two treatments on two ordinal outcome variables
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When evaluating whether the effect of one treatment is larger than that of another the first step in the comparison is to decide what should be understood by the statement that one patient has achieved a greater effect than has another patient. When the outcome variable is quantitative, measured on a ratio scale, absolute or relative effects are the most commonly used effect measures; however, such effects are usually not meaningful for ordinal outcome variables. In order to answer the question whether one of two treatments acts more effectively on one of two outcome variables and the other treatment more efficiently on the other we shall present a method of comparing the treatment effects of patients that is based on pair-wise comparisons between patients in analogy with many non-parametrical methods. These comparisons use only the ordinal properties of the outcome variables. We shall even define a measure of the difference between the treatment effects and demonstrate how confidence intervals can be constructed.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Horstmann, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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Life Satisfaction in Older Women in Latvia and Sweden-Relations to Standard of Living, Aspects of Health and Coping Behaviour.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-0719 .- 0169-3816. ; 27:4, s. 391-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study and compare associations between life satisfaction and standard of living, health, and coping behaviour in older single-living women in two countries with different political, economical and cultural situations: Latvia and Sweden. Cross sectional data included 260 Latvian and 288 Swedish women, aged 75-84 and 80-89, from the ENABLE-AGE Survey Study. Life satisfaction was assessed by the question: All in all, how satisfied are you with your life? Standard of living was assessed by economic and housing conditions, and health by perceived and objective health and activities in daily living. Three factors, Fight, Helplessness, and Distraction, were obtained from the Coping Patterns Schedule. Correlations between Life satisfaction and standard of living, health, and coping were calculated. The variance in Life satisfaction explained by these variables was obtained in each sample by ordinal regression models. Life satisfaction was significantly lower in the Latvian sample than in the Swedish. Standard of living was lower and health poorer in the younger Latvian sample than in the Swedish, but more of the variance in Life satisfaction was explained in the Latvian sample by standard of living (18 % vs 2 %) and less by health (6 % vs 15 %). Coping factors explained 29 % of the variation in Life satisfaction in the Latvian sample as opposed to 15 % in the Swedish. For single-living older women low standard of living seems to be a more serious obstacle than poor health, making it difficult to obtain a reasonable life satisfaction.
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| 20. |
- Horstmann, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of Depression in Families with Frontotemporal Dementia: A Family History Study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0208 .- 0251-5350. ; 33:2, s. 124-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are clinical similarities between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and depression. The aim is to study co-aggregation of depression in families with FTD, indicating the existence of common aetiological factors. Methods: The study included 74 index patients with FTD and their 540 first-degree relatives above the age of 15 years. Occurrence of depression was studied at 3 different levels. Results: The incidence of depression in first-degree relatives of FTD patients was not higher than that of a general population. Occurrence of depression was not higher in families where parents had FTD compared to families with parents having no indications of FTD. Individuals with FTD had not suffered from depression to a greater extent than those without FTD. Conclusions: The hypothesis of a common aetiological factor of FTD and depression was not supported.
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| 21. |
- Horstmann, Vibeke
(författare)
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On confidence regions induced by the Wilcoxon rank sum test
- 1995
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Ingår i: Statistics and Probability Letters. - 0167-7152. ; 23:4, s. 333-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the process of constructing a confidence region induced by the Wilcoxon two-sample test ties always appear. We show that, for various ways of handling ties, the confidence region will be an interval.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hovbrandt, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Very old people’s use of the pedestrian environment: functional limitations, frequency of activity and environmental demands
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9380 .- 1613-9372. ; 4:4, s. 201-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to decreased functional capacity as well as high environmental demands there is a risk of diminishing activity outside home in very old age (age 80+). In order to explore differences according to functional limitations (FL) among very old people with respect to frequency of activity, perceived health, overall perception of neighbourhood environment, and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment, data derived from a postal questionnaire survey to very old people living in an urban area in Sweden were used. This explorative study is based on the sub-sample of people aged 80+ who reported outdoor activities (n = 97). Four groups of respondents with different types of FL were identified: with no FL (n = 23), with only movement-related FL (n = 26), with only perception/cognition-related FL (n = 16), and with both movement- and perception/ cognition-related FL (n = 32). The majority of the respondents reported rather high frequency of activity outside home. When examining differences between the four groups, the analysis indicated how the complexity of FL and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment impacted on their activity performance. Persons with both movement- and perception/cognition-related FL were less satisfied with their frequency of activity, experienced their health more negatively and experienced more problems in the pedestrian environment than in the other groups. The findings from this study indicate the importance of considering combinations of FL in creating supportive environments for activity and health.
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| 25. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of dependence in daily activities combined with a self-rating of difficulty.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081. ; 41:3, s. 150-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the information gained by extending a well-established instrument of dependence/independence in activities of daily living with a self-rating of difficulty, and to illustrate the relevance and usefulness of this combined approach with cross-national data. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Cross-sectional survey study data collected with 1918 very old persons in 5 European countries. METHODS: The "ADL staircase assessment" of dependence/independence, extended with a self-rating of difficulty, was administered at home visits. Data distribution in the 5 national samples and analyses with or without use of the self-rating data were carried out. RESULTS: High proportions of the subjects were independent in most of the activities assessed, while substantial proportions reported difficulties. Considerable differences were identified among the national samples. In personal activities of daily living, those assessed as independent varied from 87% to 100%, while the proportion of those who rated themselves as "independent without difficulty" ranged from 53% to 98%. In instrumental activities, 33-91% were assessed as independent, while the proportions of "independent without difficulty" ranged from 24% to 77%. Analysis results differed as to whether or not self-ratings of difficulty were used. CONCLUSION: The combined approach to data collection gave a diversified, information-rich picture. The assessment used is easy to administer and can be used in practice contexts in different countries.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Housing matters in very old age - yet differently due to ADL dependence level differences.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 14:1, s. 3-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to support the development of optimal housing options for older people, we need to increase our understanding of relations between aspects of housing and aspects of health in old and very old age. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore whether and how aspects of housing are related to life satisfaction and perceived health among very old, single-living Swedish people. Based on survey study data from the ENABLE-AGE Project (n = 397), correlation and regression analyses were performed with sub-groups of participants defined according to different levels of ADL dependence. The results showed that the aspects of housing related to life satisfaction and perceived health were different in the three ADL sub-groups. Among objective aspects of housing, accessibility problems influenced life satisfaction as well as perceived health, yet differently among the sub-groups. As concerns perceived aspects of housing, aspects of meaning of home (MOH) were influential on perceived health in several sub-groups, while only among persons dependent in I-ADL were social aspects of MOH related to life satisfaction. Among persons dependent in I-ADL, external housing-related control beliefs also played a role. In conclusion, the results indicate that housing matters in very old age, yet differently due to ADL dependence-level differences. Most importantly, different aspects of housing seem to play a role in different phases of the trajectory of disability in very old age, while longitudinal studies are needed to verify these indicative results.
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| 30. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Person--environment fit predicts falls in older adults better than the consideration of environmental hazards only.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0873 .- 0269-2155. ; 23:6, s. 558-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To test the hypotheses that the empirical consideration of objective person-environment fit in the home environment is a stronger predictor of indoor falls among older adults than the assessment of environmental barriers only, and that perceived aspects of home play a role as predictors for falls.Design: Survey study with data collection at home visits, followed up by self-reports about falls at home visits one year later.Setting: Urban districts in Sweden, Germany, Latvia.Participants: Eight hundred and thirty-four single-living, older adults (75-89 years), in ordinary housing.Measurements: An assessment of objective person-environment fit in the home environment (housing enabler), a self-rating of the perceived home environment (usability in my home) and retrospective self-reports on indoor falls.Results: The participants reporting falls tended to be frailer than the non-fallers. The number of environmental barriers in the home was similar for the fallers and non-fallers; the magnitude of person-environment fit problems was higher among the fallers. The person-environment fit problem variable was a stronger fall predictor (odds ratio (OR) = 1.025; P=0.037) than number of environmental barriers (n.s.), even after controlling for confounders. Fallers also experienced lower usability of their home.Conclusion: The results suggest that much of the inconclusiveness of the data in the relationship between environmental hazards and falls in the previous falls literature could be due to the neglect of person-environment fit assessment. The effectiveness of environmental interventions based on the notion of person-environment fit compared with traditional home hazard checklists remains to be tested.
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| 31. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Sociocultural Care, Service Context, and IADL Dependence Among Very Old European Women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. - 0882-7524. ; 26:1, s. 32-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the impact of the sociocultural care and service context on dependence in instrumental activities of daily living, data were collected with 1448 very old women in 5 European countries. In addition, the influence of socioeconomic indicators was explored, using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Highly significant differences concerning formal/informal support and use of mobility devices were found, and dependence in cleaning, shopping, and transportation varied significantly among the national samples. For valid interpretations of instrumental activities of daily living assessments, not only the influence of functional limitations has to be kept in mind but also intrinsic disability and the ability to pay for assistance and services. Such knowledge is important, particularly in cross-national studies.
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| 32. |
- Jakobsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and cancer morbidity among cement workers
- 1993
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Ingår i: British Journal of Industrial Medicine. ; 50:3, s. 72-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between exposure to cement dust and cause specific mortality and tumour morbidity, especially gastrointestinal tumours. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: 2400 men, employed for at least 12 months in two Swedish cement factories. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cause specific morality from death certificates (1952-86). Cancer morbidity from tumour registry information (1958-86). Standardised mortality rates (SMRs; national reference rates) and standardised morbidity incidence rates (SIRs; regional reference rates) were calculated. RESULTS: An increased risk of colorectal cancer was found > or = 15 years since the start of employment (SIR 1.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1-2.3), mainly due to an increased risk for tumours in the right part of the colon (SIR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-4.8), but not in the left part (SIR 1.0, 95% CI 0.3-2.5). There was a numerical increase of rectal cancer (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 0.8-2.5). Exposure (duration of blue collar employment)-response relations were found for right sided colon cancer. After > or = 25 years of cement work, the risk was fourfold (SIR 4.3, 95% CI 1.7-8.9). There was no excess of stomach cancer or respiratory cancer. Neither total mortality nor cause specific mortality were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Diverging risk patterns for tumours with different localisations within the large bowel were found in the morbidity study. Long term exposure to cement dust was a risk factor for right sided colon cancer. The mortality study did not show this risk.
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| 33. |
- Jakobsson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of multidimensional pain inventory (Swedish version) in a sample of elderly people.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801. ; 10:7, s. 645-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim was to psychometrically evaluate the Swedish version of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI-S) and the “brief screening version of MPI-S” for use in an elderly sample. Methods This study comprised 175 people aged 76–99 years reporting pain and in need of help to manage daily living. The instrument’s factor structures were investigated through factor analyses, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed through inter-scale correlations and correlations with items from SF-12. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Results The full-length version of MPI-S did not, in general, show any satisfactory validity and reliability when used among elderly. It had acceptable convergent and discriminant validity, but the factor analysis did not show a good model fit. Low α values were found for most of the sub-scales. However, the brief screening version of MPI showed acceptable validity and reliability, except for rather low α values in sections 3 and 4. Conclusion The MPI-S instrument may not be very useful for measuring pain among frail elderly. The brief screening version may instead be a better alternative to the full version of the MPI-S. However, the small number of observations may be the reason to the lack of fit, and further studies are warranted.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Klernäs, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life in patients with lymphoedema - a cross-sectional study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 32:2, s. 634-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Lymphoedema may cause complex problems that can strongly influence patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of lymphoedema on HRQoL in patients with varying forms of lymphoedema. Methods: The Lymphoedema Quality of Life Inventory (LyQLI), measuring three domains, physical, psychosocial and practical, and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), measuring eight health domains, were sent to 200 lymphoedema patients. Out of those who answered both questionnaires, 88 patients had lymphoedema secondary to cancer treatment and they additionally received the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale-General (FACT-G). The relation between continuous variables and the three domains were analysed by Spearman's correlation coefficients, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyse categorical variables. Results: Altogether 129 patients completed the LyQLI and SF-36 and 79 of them also completed FACT-G. Twenty per cent had a high mean score (≥2.0) in at least one domain of the LyQLI, thus having a low HRQoL. Lower HRQoL was found in the practical domain of LyQLI in patients with lower limb lymphoedema compared to patient with lymphoedema in upper limb or head/neck (p = 0.002) and in patients working part-time compared to patients working full-time (p = 0.005). The impact on HRQoL tended to decrease with age, with a significant correlation in the psychosocial domain (rs = 0.194, p = 0.028). Compared with the general Swedish population, patients with lymphoedema scored significantly lower in general health (p = 0.006), vitality (p = 0.002) and social functioning (p = 0.025) assessed by the SF-36. From a cancer-specific view, HRQoL was similar to other Swedish studies using the FACT-G. Conclusions: This study indicates that about 20% of the patients with lymphoedema had major impact on their HRQoL. More effort and research is needed to identify, understand and support groups of patients with severe lymphoedema-related problems.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Kylberg, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental barriers and use of mobility devices.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Assistive Technology : From Research to Practice - From Research to Practice. - 1383-813X. - 9781614993032 ; 33, s. 190-194
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe outdoor barriers in the nearby home environments of very old people, and to investigate whether the presence of these environmental barriers differed between users and non-users of mobility devices (MDs). Method: Baseline data on 397 Swedish people aged 80-89 years, collected with a study-specific question on MD use and a subset of the environmental component of the Housing Enabler instrument, assessing the outdoor environment nearby home, were used. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.
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| 38. |
- Kylberg, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Leisure activities and mobility device use among very old people in Latvia and in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 80:4, s. 250-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Opportunities for leisure activities and physical mobility are important for the ageing population. Therefore, we aim to describe leisure activities outside the home among very old (over 80 years of age) users and non-users of mobility devices in two European countries. Method Survey data on mobility device use, self-rated physical mobility and leisure activities outside the home were utilised for a Latvian (n = 225) and Swedish (n = 314) sample. Differences in type and number of leisure activities were studied between the countries and for four groups of participants according to use/non-use of and level of physical mobility. Results Significant differences in type and number of leisure activities were seen between the national samples and among the participant groups. In general, each participant group in the Swedish sample reported more leisure activities than did those in the Latvian sample. Non-users with good physical mobility reported significantly more leisure activities than all other participant groups. Conclusion There are differences between the two national contexts in the type and number of leisure activities reported. To support very old people's participation in outdoor leisure activities, we need more knowledge as to how physical, institutional and sociocultural environments affect very old people's opportunities to engage in and perform such activities.
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| 39. |
- Kylberg, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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The use of assistive devices and change in use during the ageing process among very old Swedish people.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3115 .- 1748-3107. ; 8:1, s. 58-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the characteristics and change in use among very old Swedish users and non-users of assistive devices (ADs) for mobility and personal care, over a six-year period, and to investigate factors predicting AD use over a six-year period. Method: Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyse quantitative data from a subsample from the Swedish part of the ENABLE-AGE Survey Study, n = 154. Variables according to socio-demographics, environment and health were utilized. Results: The number of users increased over time, particularly those using both types of ADs (mobility and personal care). There were differences in health between users and non-users, while no such differences were seen regarding socio-demographics or environmental factors. Health factors most prominent predicted AD use after six years, but also variables within socio-demographics and the environment had an impact on the use; income for ADs for personal care and aspects in the outdoor environment for ADs for mobility. Conclusions: As ADs increases over time, it is important, to pay attention to health as well as other factors, among users and non-users of ADs, to provide important information in planning for and supporting healthy and active ageing. [Box: see text].
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Lilja, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological profile in patients with Stages I and II breast cancer: associations of psychological profile with tumor biological prognosticators.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 92:3 Pt 2, s. 1187-1198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have earlier shown that breast cancer patients with moderately or well differentiated tumors seem to be able to inhibit stress evoked from anger in a successful manner, while those with poorer prognosis do not. We now report a study with an enlarged group of patients, investigating associations between tumor biological factors and psychological profile. 129 patients with Stages I and II breast cancer undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy were interviewed and tested with three projective personality tests assessing attitude to aggression and coping with stress and anxiety. Creative functioning was also tested. Patients with Stage I (smaller) tumors reported a "fighting spirit" attitude toward the disease, but they also showed depressive reaction patterns. Moreover, if the patient could successfully avoid or inhibit the stress evoked from perceiving an aggressive motif in the picture shown in the aggression test, the tumor biological situation was better. Patients who did not inhibit stress reactions on the aggression test and also on the anxiety test had a poorer tumor biological situation. Surprisingly, low speed of tumor cell proliferation (DNA S-phase fraction) correlated with high scores on the creativity test. Successful denial or inhibition of stress evoked by aggression combined with a creative, flexible attitude was associated with a better tumor biological situation.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Littorin, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and tumour morbidity among Swedish market gardeners and orchardists
- 1993
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - 1432-1246. ; 65:3, s. 163-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate possible effects of exposure to pesticides, mainly fungicides and insecticides, we studied a cohort of 2370 subjects, who, during the period 1965-1982, had been members of a horticulturists' trade association (market gardeners and orchardists). Compared to a regional reference population, total mortality ( 542 deaths; standardized mortality morbidity ratio, SMR = 0.8 ; 95 % confidence limits, C Ls = 0.7, 0.9) and mortality due to malignant tumours ( 133 deaths, SMR = 0.9 ; C Ls = 0.7, 1.0), and cardiovascular and respiratory deaths were somewhat decreased Suggestive excesses in mortality were seen for mental disorders and tumours of the stomach, skin and nervous system The tumours of the nervous system were in particular excess in the young and middle-aged horticulturists (below age 60 ; six cases, SMR = 2.9 ; C Ls = 1.1, 6.2) During the period 1965- 1986, the total tumour morbidity was slightly decreased ( 255 cases; SMR = 0.9 ; C Ls = 0.8, 1.0), as were gastrointestinal and respiratory tract tumours The incidence of melanomas was increased ( 15 cases, SMR = 2.1 ; C Ls = 1.2, 3.5), and tumours of the female genital organs, myelomas, and brain tumours ( 12 cases, SMR = 1.5 ; C Ls = 0.8, 2.7) were slightly numerically elevated Brain tumours in the young and middle-aged horticulturists ( 11 cases, SMR = 3.2 ; C Ls = 1.6, 5.7), including meningiomas (four observed, SMR = 6.8 ; C Ls = 1.9, 17.4), were increased, especially in the period 1975-1979 The mortality and tumour morbidity patterns in gardeners and orchardists, analysed separately, were similar to the patterns in all the horticulturists The risk for brain tumours in the young and middle-aged subjects was increased about threefold in the gardeners, and about fivefold in the orchardists; in particular, meningiomas were in excess among the gardeners.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Löfqvist, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Home and Health over Nine Years among very Old People in Latvia – Results from the ENABLE-AGE Project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; :1, s. 17-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet the needs of an increasing, heterogeneous, ageing population it is imperative to understand links between home and health. In Latvia, only limited research targeting the health and home situation of very old people is available. Consequently, the aim of this study was to describe how the home environment and aspects of health have changed over nine years between 2002 and 2011 for very old people in Latvia, living in their home environment. This study is based on the Latvian part of the cross-national European ENABLE-AGE Project comprising data on objective, as well as perceived, aspects of home and health. Longitudinal data from those involved on both data collection occasions (N = 59) was used. At the nine-year follow-up, participants were between 86 and 90 years of age, still living in their own homes. The results show that not only health aspects varied along the ageing process, objective and perceived aspects of home also changed. The physical as well as the cognitive and emotional bonding to the home significantly increased i.e. aspects of meaning such as familiarity and feeling safe in your home, privacy and independence became more important for the very old participants over time. Life satisfaction increased over the years even though objective health factors decreased. Since aspects of home as well as health can be assumed to impact on the outcome of ageing, the situation for this age group in Latvia must be further studied in order to develop suitable and appropriate social and health services, policies and living conditions.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Mattisson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Correspondence between clinical diagnoses of depressive and anxiety disorders and diagnostic screening via the Hopkins Symptom Check List-25 in the Lundby Study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 67:3, s. 204-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To compare clinical assessments of mental disorders with the Hopkins Symptom Check List-25 (HSCL-25) in a population-based sample consisting of middle-aged and elderly subjects. Background: The Lundby Study is a prospective cohort study that evaluated mental disorders and personality traits in an unselected Swedish population. The study commenced in 1947, with follow-ups in 1957, 1972 and 1997 (n = 3563). Method: Psychiatrists evaluated participants for mental disorders at several field investigations. In 1997, participants were also asked to complete the HSCL-25. Subjects with diagnoses of schizophrenia, dementia and certain other conditions were excluded leaving 1189 subjects aged 40-96 years. Diagnostic assessments by psychiatrists were compared with the results of the HSCL-25. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at two cut-off levels of the HSCL-25 (1.55 and 1.75), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted. The performance of the HSCL-25 was analysed with regard to anxiety and depression subscales. Results: The concordance of HSCL-25 with clinical best-estimate diagnoses was low. The anxiety subscale discriminated better than the depressive subscale. Conclusions: The correspondence between the clinical diagnoses made by psychiatrists and the HSCL-25 was not acceptable at a cut-off level 1.55. The HSCL-25 is limited in its ability to identify clinical syndromes. The HSCL-25 should be applied only as a preliminary screen for emotional distress and anxiety syndromes.
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| 48. |
- Mattisson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of alcoholism in the revisited Lundby population, 1947-1997.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - 1937-1888. ; 71:4, s. 496-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The Lundby Study is a prospective longitudinal study of an unselected population consisting of 3,563 subjects. The Lundby Study started in 1947, and follow-ups were carried out in 1957, 1972, and in 1997. METHOD: In all four surveys, semistructured interviews were performed by psychiatrists. Registers, key informants, and case notes from hospitals and outpatient clinics supplemented the interview data. Best-estimate consensus diagnoses of mental disorders were applied after gathering all available data. In the present study, age- and sex-specific incidences of any alcoholism (alcohol problems and alcohol dependence) were studied for the entire 50-year period. Alcohol dependence was studied for the periods 1947-1972 and 1972-1997. Incidences and cumulative probabilities by age were calculated and compared. Age-standardized incidence rates were also calculated for five 10-year periods for subjects 40 years of age and older. RESULTS: Incidence rates of alcohol-use disorders show large differences across the life span. The cumulative probability for any alcoholism over the 50-year period was 24.4% for men and 4.0% for women. The incidence of any alcoholism was similar for men in both periods, whereas for women it increased in the period 1972-1997; however, this increase was not significantly on the 5% level. CONCLUSIONS: At least one in four men was found to be at risk of developing alcohol problems or becoming dependent on alcohol during his lifetime in the present study, which is in accordance with other studies. The gender differences in alcohol-use disorders in Sweden may have decreased in later decades.
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| 49. |
- Mattisson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality in alcohol use disorder in the Lundby Community Cohort-A 50 year follow-up.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 118, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To describe the mortality and causes of death among subjects with alcohol use disorder in comparison with those without alcohol disorder and to study whether mental disorders increase mortality in alcoholics. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data were analysed from the database of the Lundby Study, comprising 3563 subjects followed from 1947 to 1997. METHOD: A community-based sample was investigated in 1947 with follow-ups in 1957, 1972 and 1997. Best-estimate consensus diagnoses of mental disorders, including alcohol use disorder, were assessed. In the total cohort, 427 cases of alcohol use disorders were identified. Differences in mortality between subjects with alcohol use disorders and non-alcoholics were studied using Cox regression models and causes of death were compared between alcoholic subjects and other participants. Risk factors for mortality among the 348 individuals with alcohol use disorders and known age-of-onset were analysed by means of Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: The hazard ratio for mortality was higher for alcoholics compared to other subjects in the cohort. A substantial proportion of the causes of death among the alcoholics was suicide N=27 (6.3%) (26 males, 1 female). In the multivariate models of risk factors in alcohol use disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, alcohol induced psychotic disorders and dementia were risk factors for premature death. CONCLUSION: The mortality risk for subjects with alcohol use disorder was increased, females were especially vulnerable. The risk for suicide was high among males with alcohol problems. Anxiety disorders and severity of alcohol use disorder turned out as risk factors for premature death.
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| 50. |
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