| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 4. |
- de Jong, R. S., et al.
(författare)
-
4MOST : Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Messenger. - : European Southern Observatory. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 3-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs (R = λ/Δλ ~ 6500), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph (R ~ 20 000). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Meech, K. J., et al.
(författare)
-
EPOXI: Comet 103P/Hartley 2 Observations from a Worldwide Campaign
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - London : IOP. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 734:L1, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earth- and space-based observations provide synergistic information for space mission encounters by providing data over longer timescales, at different wavelengths and using techniques that are impossible with an in situ flyby. We report here such observations in support of the EPOXI spacecraft flyby of comet 103P/Hartley 2. The nucleus is small and dark, and exhibited a very rapidly changing rotation period. Prior to the onset of activity, the period was ~16.4?hr. Starting in 2010 August the period changed from 16.6?hr to near 19?hr in December. With respect to dust composition, most volatiles and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, the comet is similar to other Jupiter-family comets. What is unusual is the dominance of CO 2 -driven activity near perihelion, which likely persists out to aphelion. Near perihelion the comet nucleus was surrounded by a large halo of water-ice grains that contributed significantly to the total water production.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Goodwin, G. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder : Revised third edition recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Psychopharmacology. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 0269-8811 .- 1461-7285. ; 30:6, s. 495-553
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines specify the scope and targets of treatment for bipolar disorder. The third version is based explicitly on the available evidence and presented, like previous Clinical Practice Guidelines, as recommendations to aid clinical decision making for practitioners: it may also serve as a source of information for patients and carers, and assist audit. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the corresponding evidence. A consensus meeting, involving experts in bipolar disorder and its treatment, reviewed key areas and considered the strength of evidence and clinical implications. The guidelines were drawn up after extensive feedback from these participants. The best evidence from randomized controlled trials and, where available, observational studies employing quasi-experimental designs was used to evaluate treatment options. The strength of recommendations has been described using the GRADE approach. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, clinical management, and strategies for the use of medicines in short-term treatment of episodes, relapse prevention and stopping treatment. The use of medication is integrated with a coherent approach to psychoeducation and behaviour change.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Walcher, C.~J., et al.
(författare)
-
4MOST Scientific Operations
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Messenger. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 12-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 4MOST instrument is a multi-object spectrograph that will address Galactic and extragalactic science cases simultaneously by observing targets from a large number of different surveys within each science exposure. This parallel mode of operation and the survey nature of 4MOST require some distinct 4MOST- specific operational features within the overall operations model of ESO. The main feature is that the 4MOST Consortium will deliver, not only the instrument, but also contractual services to the user community, which is why 4MOST is also described as a facility. This white paper concentrates on information particularly useful to answering the forthcoming Call for Letters of Intent.
|
|
| 10. |
- Antzutkin, Oleg, et al.
(författare)
-
Binding of Aluminium(III)-Citrate Complexes, [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)]-4 and [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)4]-7, to Alzheimer's A-beta(1-40) Peptides : In situ Atomic Force, Electron Microscopy and Solid State 13C and 27Al NMR Studies
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Sixth Keele Meeting on Aluminium. - : Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar, Universidade de Aveiro. ; , s. 16-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is believed that Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) deposits contribute directly to the disease's progressive neurodegeneration. Aggregation cascade for Aβ peptides, its relevance to neurotoxicity in the course of AD, various factors modulating Aβ aggregation kinetics and experimental methods useful for these studies were recently discussed [1]. Al(III), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions are often colocalized at the center of the core of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques [2] and are suggested to promote aggregation of physiological concentrations of Aβ [3]. It has also been suggested that Al can block calcium permeable putative Aβ-peptide channels in bilayer membranes [4]. Therefore studies of complexation of metal ions with Aβ-oligomers and fibrils are important in the search for the causes of and potential treatments for AD.We studied effects of highly soluble and biologically relevant aluminium(III)-citrate compounds, [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)]-4 and [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)4]-7, on the fibrillogenesis of Aβ(1-40). All resonances in 156.37 MHz 27Al and 90.52 MHz 13C MAS NMR spectra of powder Al(III)-citrate complexes were assigned. 27Al MAS NMR of dialysed samples of Aβ(1-40) co-incubated with the Al(III)-citrate complexes at different concentrations in TRIS buffer solutions, pH 7.4, shows that Al(III)-citrates bind to Aβ(1-40) as [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)]-4 and either accelerate ([Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)]-4 complex) or retard ([Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)4]-7 compound) aggregation of Aβ(1-40) as revealed by AFM. [1] ON Antzutkin, Magn. Reson. Chem. 42 (2004) 231; [2] MA Lovell et al., J. Neurol. Sci. 158 (1998) 47; Ch Exley et al., Al and Alzheimer's disease, Ch Exley (Ed)1998) 47; Ch Exley , Ch Exley (Ed) Elsevier Science, 2001, 421; [3] PW Mantyh et al., J. Neurochem. 61 (1993) 1171; [4] N Arispe et al, PNAS 90 (1993) 567.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Bensby, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars : VI. Age and abundance structure of the stellar populations in the central sub-kpc of the Milky Way
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 605
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a detailed elemental abundance study of 90 F and G dwarf, turn-off, and subgiant stars in the Galactic bulge. Based on high-resolution spectra acquired during gravitational microlensing events, stellar ages and abundances for 11 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Y and Ba) have been determined. Four main findings are presented: (1) a wide metallicity distribution with distinct peaks at [Fe/H] = -1.09, -0.63, -0.20, + 0.12, + 0.41; (2) a highfraction of intermediate-age to young stars where at [Fe/H] > 0 more than 35% are younger than 8 Gyr, and for [Fe/H] ≲-0.5 most stars are 10 Gyr or older; (3) several episodes of significant star formation in the bulge has been identified: 3, 6, 8, and 11 Gyr ago; (4) tentatively the "knee" in the α-element abundance trends of the sub-solar metallicity bulge is located at a slightly higher [Fe/H] than in the local thick disk. These findings show that the Galactic bulge has complex age and abundance properties that appear to be tightly connected to the main Galactic stellar populations. In particular, the peaks in the metallicity distribution, the star formation episodes, and the abundance trends, show similarities with the properties of the Galactic thin and thick disks. At the same time, the star formation rate appears to have been slightly faster in the bulge than in the local thick disk, which most likely is an indication of the denser stellar environment closer to the Galactic centre. There are also additional components not seen outside the bulge region, and that most likely can be associated with the Galactic bar. Our results strengthen the observational evidence that support the idea of a secular origin for the Galactic bulge, formed out of the other main Galactic stellar populations present in the central regions of our Galaxy. Additionally, our analysis of this enlarged sample suggests that the (V-I)0 colour of the bulge red clump should be revised to 1.09.
|
|
| 13. |
- Eap, C. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests) : focus on antidepressants
- 2021
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1562-2975 .- 1814-1412. ; 22:8, s. 561-628
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: More than 40 drugs are available to treat affective disorders. Individual selection of the optimal drug and dose is required to attain the highest possible efficacy and acceptable tolerability for every patient. Methods: This review, which includes more than 500 articles selected by 30 experts, combines relevant knowledge on studies investigating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of 33 antidepressant drugs and of 4 drugs approved for augmentation in cases of insufficient response to antidepressant monotherapy. Such studies typically measure drug concentrations in blood (i.e. therapeutic drug monitoring) and genotype relevant genetic polymorphisms of enzymes, transporters or receptors involved in drug metabolism or mechanism of action. Imaging studies, primarily positron emission tomography that relates drug concentrations in blood and radioligand binding, are considered to quantify target structure occupancy by the antidepressant drugs in vivo. Results: Evidence is given that in vivo imaging, therapeutic drug monitoring and genotyping and/or phenotyping of drug metabolising enzymes should be an integral part in the development of any new antidepressant drug. Conclusions: To guide antidepressant drug therapy in everyday practice, there are multiple indications such as uncertain adherence, polypharmacy, nonresponse and/or adverse reactions under therapeutically recommended doses, where therapeutic drug monitoring and cytochrome P450 genotyping and/or phenotyping should be applied as valid tools of precision medicine.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Guiglion, G., et al.
(författare)
-
4MOST Survey Strategy Plan
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Messenger. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 17-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current status of and motivation for the 4MOST survey strategy, as developed by the Consortium science team, are presented here. Key elements of the strategy are described, such as sky coverage, number of visits and total exposure times in different parts of the sky, and how to deal with different observing conditions. The task of organising the strategy is not simple, with many different surveys that have vastly different target brightnesses and densities, sample completeness levels, and signal-to-noise requirements. We introduce here a number of concepts that we will use to ensure all surveys are optimised. Astronomers who are planning to submit a Participating Survey proposal are strongly encouraged to read this article and any relevant 4MOST Survey articles in this issue of The Messenger such that they can optimally complement and benefit from the planned surveys of the 4MOST Consortium.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Scott, Gregory, et al.
(författare)
-
Minocycline reduces chronic microglial activation after brain trauma but increases neurodegeneration.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Brain : a journal of neurology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156 .- 1460-2156. ; 141:2, s. 459-471
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survivors of a traumatic brain injury can deteriorate years later, developing brain atrophy and dementia. Traumatic brain injury triggers chronic microglial activation, but it is unclear whether this is harmful or beneficial. A successful chronic-phase treatment for traumatic brain injury might be to target microglia. In experimental models, the antibiotic minocycline inhibits microglial activation. We investigated the effect of minocycline on microglial activation and neurodegeneration using PET, MRI, and measurement of the axonal protein neurofilament light in plasma. Microglial activation was assessed using 11C-PBR28 PET. The relationships of microglial activation to measures of brain injury, and the effects of minocycline on disease progression, were assessed using structural and diffusion MRI, plasma neurofilament light, and cognitive assessment. Fifteen patients at least 6 months after a moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury received either minocycline 100 mg orally twice daily or no drug, for 12 weeks. At baseline, 11C-PBR28 binding in patients was increased compared to controls in cerebral white matter and thalamus, and plasma neurofilament light levels were elevated. MRI measures of white matter damage were highest in areas of greater 11C-PBR28 binding. Minocycline reduced 11C-PBR28 binding (mean Δwhite matter binding = -23.30%, 95% confidence interval -40.9 to -5.64%, P = 0.018), but increased plasma neurofilament light levels. Faster rates of brain atrophy were found in patients with higher baseline neurofilament light levels. In this experimental medicine study, minocycline after traumatic brain injury reduced chronic microglial activation while increasing a marker of neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that microglial activation has a reparative effect in the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury.
|
|
| 18. |
- Tham, J. C., et al.
(författare)
-
The role of bariatric surgery in the treatment of diabetes
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 2040-6223 .- 2040-6231. ; 5:3, s. 149-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The obesity epidemic contributes to approximately 44% of the world's type 2 diabetes burden. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with morbid obesity as it improves glycaemia, blood pressure, lipids and inflammation. This review describes the evidence supporting the addition of bariatric surgery to the treatment algorithms used by diabetologists. We emphasize the need to view bariatric surgery as an adjuvant therapy which should not be used instead of but rather together with best medical therapy. © The Author(s), 2014.
|
|
| 19. |
- Threadgold, J, et al.
(författare)
-
The N34S mutation of SPINK1 (PSTI) is associated with a familial pattern of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis but does not cause the disease
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 50:5, s. 675-681
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mutations in the PRSS1 gene explain most occurrences of hereditary pancreatitis (HP) but many HP families have no PRSS1 mutation. Recently, an association between the mutation N34S in the pancreatic secretary trypsin inhibitor (SPINK1 or PSTI) gene and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) was reported. It is unclear whether the N34S mutation is a cause of pancreatitis per se, whether it modifies the disease, or whether it is a marker of the disease. Patients and methods: A total of 327 individuals from 217 families affected by pancreatitis were tested: 152 from families with HP, 108 from families with ICP, and 67 with alcohol related CP (ACP). Seven patients with ICP had a family history of pancreatitis but no evidence of autosomal dominant disease (f-ICP) compared with 87 patients with true ICP (t-ICP). Two hundred controls were also tested for the N34S mutation. The findings were related to clinical outcome. Results: The N34S mutation was carried by five controls (2.5%; allele frequency 1.25%), 11/87 (13%) t-ICP patients (p=0.0013 v controls), and 6/7 (86%) affected (p<0.0001 v controls) and 1/9 (11%) unaffected f-ICP cases. N34S was found in 4/108 affected HP patients (p=0.724 v controls), in, 3/27 (11%) with wild-type and in 1/81 (1%) with mutant PRSS1, and 4/67 ACP patients (all p>0.05 v controls). The presence of the N34S mutation was not associated with early disease onset or disease severity. Conclusions: The prevalence of the N34S mutation was increased in patients with ICP and was greatest in f-ICP cases. Segregation of the N34S mutation in families with pancreatitis is unexplained and points to a complex association between N34S and another putative pancreatitis related gene.
|
|
| 20. |
- Ulian, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Plants People Planet. - : Wiley. - 2572-2611. ; 2:5, s. 421-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Societal Impact Statement Biodiversity is essential to food security and nutrition locally and globally. By reviewing the global state of edible plants and highlighting key neglected and underutilized species (NUS), we attempt to unlock plant food resources and explore the role of fungi, which along with the wealth of traditional knowledge about their uses and practices, could help support sustainable agriculture while ensuring better protection of the environment and the continued delivery of its ecosystem services. This work will inform a wide range of user communities, including scientists, conservation and development organizations, policymakers, and the public of the importance of biodiversity beyond mainstream crops. Summary As the world's population is increasing, humanity is facing both shortages (hunger) and excesses (obesity) of calorie and nutrient intakes. Biodiversity is fundamental to addressing this double challenge, which involves a far better understanding of the global state of food resources. Current estimates suggest that there are at least 7,039 edible plant species, in a broad taxonomic sense, which includes 7,014 vascular plants. This is in striking contrast to the small handful of food crops that provide the majority of humanity's calorie and nutrient intake. Most of these 7,039 edible species have additional uses, the most common being medicines (70%), materials (59%), and environmental uses (40%). Species of major food crops display centers of diversity, as previously proposed, while the rest of edible plants follow latitudinal distribution patterns similarly to the total plant diversity, with higher species richness at lower latitudes. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List includes global conservation assessments for at least 30% of edible plants, with ca. 86% of them conserved ex situ. However, at least 11% of those species recorded are threatened. We highlight multipurpose NUS of plants from different regions of the world, which could be key for a more resilient, sustainable, biodiverse, and community participation-driven new "green revolution." Furthermore, we explore how fungi could diversify and increase the nutritional value of our diets. NUS, along with the wealth of traditional knowledge about their uses and practices, offer a largely untapped resource to support food security and sustainable agriculture. However, for these natural resources to be unlocked, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders is vital.
|
|
