| 1. |
- Bodin Danielsson, Christina, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Health-Supportive Office Design-It Is Chafing Somewhere : Where and Why?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:19, s. 12504-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This explorative case study investigates health-promoting office design from an experience and meaning-making perspective in an activity-based flex-office (A-FO) in a headquarter building. This small case study (n = 11) builds using qualitative data (walk-through and focus group interviews). A reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) of the experience of design approach was performed on this from a health and sustainability perspective, including the physical, mental, and social dimensions of health defined by WHO. Results show a wide range in participants' experiences and meaning-making of the health-promoting office design of their office building. The control aspect plays a central role in participants' experiences, including factors such as surveillance and obeyance, related to status and power, in turn associated with experiences of pleasantness, symbolism, and inclusiveness. Three main themes are identified in participants' experiences: (1) comfort-non-comfort, (2) outsider-insider, and (3) symbolism. The major finding of the study is the ambiguity among participants about the health-supportive office design of the office building per se and its various environments. There is a sense that it is chafing, due to dissonance between the intention of the office and the applied design.
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| 2. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Agents of change? Exploring relations among school staff connected to daily physical activity promotion in a Swedish secondary school from a social network perspective
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier research proposes that a school’s social environment among staff functions as an important facilitator for physical activity policy/curriculum dissemination, such as support among colleagues, physical activity ideas shared between teachers, as well as having individuals as ‘agents of change’. It is often proclaimed that physical education teachers inhabit these ‘agentic’ roles concerning physical activity and health promotion targeting youth during the school day. Despite this, little seems to have been researched concerning the agentic roles of physical educators and other school staff and their social networks within the school organization. Consequently, this study aims to explore relations among school staff regarding daily physical activity promotion in a Swedish secondary school from a social network perspective. This case study applied a convergent mixed method design with an emergent approach, where the qualitative ethnographic data and quantitative survey data were collected around the same time. Data was collected during one full school year from school staff at one secondary school (students aged 12-16 years, grades 7-9) in a larger urban area in Sweden. The sample included all staff within the school that interacts with secondary students, which involves school management, staff and teachers who are responsible for secondary students at some point during the school day, involved in student health or are engaged in physical activity, as well as physical education and health teachers. Our empirical material consists of field notes (180 hours of fieldwork), transcriptions from interviews (12 staff), as well as survey nomination data (23 participants). Qualitative data has been analyzed through a reflexive thematic analysis, and survey data through a social network analysis, and then further combined in an integrated analysis. Preliminary results of the current study show that the school staff’s social networks are characterized in different ways within close everyday-discussion colleague networks, peer networks concerning physical activity, and advisory networks regarding physical activity. In the everyday discussions among staff on topics regarding secondary students, physical education teachers are positioned as isolated islands in the networks. While physical education teachers hold a somewhat key role relating to discussions about physical activity, these discussions also go through other, and sometimes more influential, agents. Conflictingly, the physical education teachers still picture themselves as physical activity ambassadors for students’ daily physical activity. This picture is also shared by other school staff. At this school, the results shed light on important issues concerning how the social (network) context among school staff helps promote and inhibit physical activities for the students.
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| 5. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of yoga-based interventions on cognitive function in healthy older adults : A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Complementary Therapies in Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0965-2299 .- 1873-6963. ; 58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The world's elderly population is growing. Physical activity has positive effects on health and cognition, but is decreasing among the elderly. Interest in yoga-based exercises has increased in this population, especially as an intervention targeting balance, flexibility, strength, and well-being. Recent interest has arisen regarding yoga's potential benefits for cognition.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of yoga-based interventions on cognitive functioning in healthy adults aged ≥60. A secondary aim was to describe intervention characteristics and, where possible, the extent to which these influenced study outcomes.METHOD: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed from inception to June 2020 using the following electronic databases: (1) PubMed (NLM); (2) Embase (Elsevier); (3) Cochrane Central (Wiley); (4) PsycINFO (EBSCOhost); and (5) Cinahl (EbscoHost).INCLUSION CRITERIA: RCTs of yoga-based interventions assessing cognition in healthy adults ≥60 years. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool.RESULTS: A total of 1466 records were initially identified; six studies (5 unique trials) were included in the review. Four of the six articles reported significant positive effects of yoga-based interventions on cognition, including gross memory functioning and executive functions. Intervention characteristics and assessment methods varied between studies, with a high overall risk of bias in all studies.CONCLUSION: Yoga-based interventions are associated with improvements in cognition in healthy older adults. Adequately powered RCTs with robust study designs and long-term follow-ups are required. Future studies should explicitly report the intervention characteristics associated with changes in cognitive function.
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| 6. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Ett fysiskt aktivt liv? En etnografisk komparativ flerfallsstudie av förhandlingar och handlingsutrymmen under skoldagen
- 2023
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Ingår i: Program Svensk förening för beteende- och samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforskning (SVEBI) årliga idrottsvetenskapliga konferens. ; , s. 18-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroduktionSkolmiljöer presenteras ofta som en stor del av ’lösningen’ på att få unga att engagera sig i rörelse, eftersom i princip alla unga befinner sig i skolan under en tredjedel av dagen. Även om hälsofördelarna med fysisk aktivitet är väl dokumenterade, är anledningarna till att vara fysiskt aktiv eller inte relaterade till både individuella och kontextuella strukturer hos skolan som institution och de som befinner sig där under en skoldag. I den svenska läroplanen för grundskolan står det framskrivet i den allmänna delen att ”skolan ska också sträva efter att ge alla elever daglig fysisk aktivitet inom ramen för hela skoldagen” (Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet [Lgr22], 2022). Trots detta verkar många skolor ha utmaningar med att ta sig an denna uppgift, och strävan efter att ge alla elever daglig fysisk aktivitet i skolmiljöer är mycket mer komplex än vid en första anblick. Denna studie avser att studera hinder och möjligheter för ungas fysiskt aktiva liv under skoldagen, genom att undersöka skolans vardagsliv i relation till rörelse under ett läsår i fyra högstadieskolor.Syfte och teoretisk ramSyftet med denna etnografiska studie är att utforska de olika skolornas uppfattningar och praktiker kopplat till fysisk aktivitet under skoldagen, och hur elever och skolpersonal förhåller sig till möjligheter och hinder för att engagera sig i fysisk aktivitet i skolan. I den här studien använder vi ett ekologiskt perspektiv, inspirerad av arbetet av Priestley, Biesta och Robinson (2015). Teorin betonar vikten av både individuella kapaciteter och kontextuella dimensioner, men framförallt mötet däremellan, där handlingsutrymme som ett fenomen uppnås i detta samspel. Handlandet förankras i tidigare erfarenheter och aspirerar mot framtida mål, värderingar och strävanden. På detta sätt rymmer teorin aspekter som är både relationella och temporala.MetodDet här en etnografisk komparativ flerfallsstudie som har utförts av ett team på fyra forskare under tre två-veckorsperioder över ett års tid i fyra svenska högstadieskolor i Storstockholms området. Fältarbetet har involverat deltagande observationer, informella samtal och semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolledning, lärare, elevhälsoteam och annan personal, samt högstadieelever (13-14 år). Främst består materialet av fältanteckningar från omkring 700 timmar av fältarbete och 86 intervjuer med 102 respondenter (50 elever och 52 personal) över de fyra skolorna. Analys av det empiriska materialet utfördes med hjälp av reflexiv tematisk analys.Resultat och diskussionPreliminära resultat visar att skolans struktur, logiker och miljöer tydligt påverkar möjligheterna för fysisk aktivitet under en skoldag. Ungdomsåldern under högstadiet är en period i livet där självständigheten ofta ökar. Elevers eget inflytande och delaktighet i hur de kan vara aktiva eller inte tilltar med deras utveckling i autonomi, och där fungerar fysiska aktivitetsbeteenden också som en social markör som informeras av könsrelaterade och sociokulturella strukturer. Skolans organisation förändras under högstadiet mot högre krav, större ämnesfokus och bedömning av elever, där utbildningsuppdraget och dess logiker starkt påverkar vad som värderas och prioriteras under en skoldag. Där blir rörelse, lek och (till viss del) svett ofta nedprioriterat och något oseriöst. Detta gör även att ansvarsfrågan kring ungas fysiskt aktiva liv hamnar ’mellan stolarna’ – i skolan som institution, mellan hemmet och skolan, och hos individen själv. Framtida forskning bör vidare undersöka detta gränsland, där rörelse, hälsopromotion och skolans logiker möts, där (skol)strukturella och pedagogiska perspektiv inom folkhälsoforskning kan lyftas. Det skulle bidra till ett mer hållbart angreppssätt av rörelsefrågan i skolans miljöer.
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| 7. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered relations? Associations between Swedish parents, siblings, and adolescents' time spent sedentary and physically active
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9367. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe family is assumed to be fundamental in youth socialization processes and development, connected to social and cultural practices such as healthy lifestyles and physical activity. However, gender patterns in physical activity among adolescents and the structural drivers of gender inequality (e.g., parentage and siblingship) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore further how gender structures relate to adolescents' time spent being sedentary and physically active, using contemporary gender theory.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 1,139 adolescents aged 13-14 and their parents, including 815 mothers and 572 fathers. Physical activity and time spent sedentary were assessed through accelerometry among adolescents and through a self-report questionnaire for parents validated against accelerometry.ResultsThe results showed significant relationships between mothers' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and girls' MVPA on weekdays and weekends, and fathers' MVPA was significantly related to girls' MVPA on weekdays. Our results imply that the relationship between Swedish parents' and adolescent girls' physical activity in higher intensities are to some extent gendered practices. However, time spent sedentary does not seem to show any patterns of being performed according to binary ideas of gender. Further, our exploratory analyses suggest that these results somewhat intersect with parents' educational level and relate to intra-categorical aspects of doing gender. The results also indicate slight gendered patterns in the “doing” of brotherhood for time spent sedentary, however, for boys only on weekends.Discussion The study contributes to the understanding of gender norms as constraints and enablers for adolescents' participation in physical activity. The results can spur public health and physical activity research to apply a contemporary gender theory approach, and to expand the research agenda connected to what relates to gender inequalities in physical activity practices.
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| 8. |
- Hoy, Sara, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing physical activity in secondary school: a case study of school staffs’ networks, knowledge, self-perceived competence and confidence in one's own capability
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased possibilities for physical activity among students during the school day is advocated for by many. Especially secondary schools seem to struggle with this task, with adolescence being a period of declining levels of physical activity and increased demands at school. School-based physical activity policies and programs often relies on school staff and teachers to deliver these innovations/initiatives. Earlier research shows that teachers’ and other staffs’ confidence to deliver physical activities for students are important for the adoption and implementation of physical activity programs outside of ordinary physical education class. However, to our knowledge, there are no earlier attempts to investigate how this relates to intraorganizational networks among school staff. Consequently, this study aims to explore school staff and teachers’ networks, knowledge, self-perceived competence and confidence in one's own capability regarding implementing daily physical activity for students in a Swedish secondary school. This case study applied a convergent mixed method design with an emergent approach, where the qualitative ethnographic data and quantitative survey data were collected around the same time. Data was collected during one full school year from teachers and other school staff at one secondary school (students aged 12-16 years, grades 7-9) in a larger urban area in Sweden. The sample included all staff within the school that interacts with secondary students, which involves school management, teachers and others who are responsible for secondary students at some point during the school day, involved in student health or are engaged in physical activity, as well as physical education and health teachers. Our empirical material consists of field notes (180 hours of fieldwork), transcriptions from interviews (12 staff), as well as survey questions and nomination data (23 participants). Analysis is ongoing; where qualitative data is being analyzed through a reflexive thematic analysis, and survey data through a social network analysis, combined in an integrated analysis. Our study contributes with insights on how school staff and teacher-level knowledge and capabilities may contribute to implementation success within school-based physical activity initiatives and policies. Given the unique mixed-method network design of our study, the study also provides important knowledge on how network characteristics and relations contribute further as facilitating or hindering factors for implementation of physical activities in school contexts. Considering the long-term sustainability and quality of school-based physical activity initiatives; teachers and staff networks and their capabilities are important aspects to contemplate.
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| 9. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Measurements for Factors Influencing Implementation in School Settings : Protocol for A Systematic Review and A Psychometric and Pragmatic Analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: In order to address the effectiveness and sustainability of school-based interventions, there is a need to consider the factors affecting implementation success. The rapidly growing field of implementation-focused research is struggling to determine how to assess and measure implementation-relevant constructs. Earlier research has identified the need for strong psychometric and pragmatic measures. The aims of this review are therefore to (i) systematically review the literature to identify measurements of the factors influencing implementations which have been developed or adapted in school settings, (ii) describe each measurement's psychometric and pragmatic properties, (iii) describe the alignment between each measurement and the corresponding domain and/or construct of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).METHODS: Six databases (Medline, ERIC, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Embase, and Web of Science) will be searched for peer-reviewed articles reporting on school settings, published from the year 2000. The identified measurements will be mapped against the CFIR, and analyzed for their psychometric and pragmatic properties.DISCUSSION: By identifying measurements that are psychometrically and pragmatically impactful in the field, this review will contribute to the identification of feasible, effective, and sustainable implementation strategies for future research in school settings.
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| 10. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Yoga, vetenskap och fakta : därför fungerar det
- 2019
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Visst känns det skönt i både kropp och själ att yoga? Men är det ”bara” en känsla eller kan yogan faktiskt påverka vårt mående och hälsa? Ny spännande forskning visar att yogan inte bara ökar välbefinnandet, utan även kan ge bland annat en ökad stresstålighet, hjälpa vid depression och oro och minska risken för hjärt-kärlsjukdom. Yoga har även bevisad effekt på smärta, framför allt när det gäller värk i nacken, den nedre delen av ryggen, och även vid spänningshuvudvärk.Förutom att presentera fakta ger Sara praktiska tips på enkla yogaövningar och strategier du kan använda för en hållbar hälsa och att förebygga vanliga sjukdomar.Yoga kan alltså göra dig stark i både kropp och sinne, både för att den innehåller fysisk aktivitet men också för att den inrymmer återhämtning för stressreducering och mental effektivitet. Redan från första stund skapar yogan en kaskad av positiva fysiologiska reaktioner i kroppen. Under de första långa djupa andetagen sjunker stressnivån i kroppen. Musklerna slappnar av och hjärtat börjar slå långsammare så att pulsen sänks.När du börjar värma upp kroppen med yogans rörelser som steg för steg blir mer ansträngande kommer blodtrycket och pulsen att öka igen. I den avslutande vilan sätter dina lugn- och rosystem igång och gör gott för återhämtningen. Oavsett om du är en van motionär eller sällan är i rörelse finns effekten av ett yogapass kvar långt efter att det är slut. Det är inte bara något du känner själv, utan vetenskapen håller med dig![Text från förlaget]
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| 11. |
- Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
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| 12. |
- Larsson, Håkan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Sociomateriella förutsättningar för skol-baserade fysiska aktivitetsinterventioner. En kvalitativ fallstudie
- 2023
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Ingår i: Program Svensk förening för beteende- och samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforskning (SVEBI) årliga idrottsvetenskapliga konferens. ; , s. 19-20
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroduktionSvenska skolor ska sedan tjugo år tillbaka ”sträva efter att erbjuda alla elever daglig fysisk aktivitet inom ramen för hela skoldagen” (Skolverket, 2022). Uppgiften har emellertid visat sig vara utmanande för skolor att tolka och realisera, särskilt på högstadiet. Ibland görs punktinsatser i skolor för att elever ska röra sig mer. Det handlar då ofta om vuxenledda aktiviteter där alla elever deltar i samma aktivitet. Dessa insatser, ofta kallade skolbaserade fysisk aktivitetsinterventioner, syftar främst till att förändra elevers beteende, inte att förändra skolan så att elever kan erbjudas daglig rörelse. Utvärderingar av dylika interventioner pekar på måttliga till inga förändringar av elevers beteende. Samtidigt saknas kunskap om skolan, dess materiella och sociala förutsättningar, vilket innebär att punktinsatser och interventioner görs ”i blindo”. Frågan är således vilken sociomateriell verklighet olika försök att erbjuda elever daglig rörelse möter i skolan.Syfte och teoretisk ramSyftet med fallstudien som presenteras vid konferensen är att utforska den sociomaterialitet, “the complex, messy and non-linear relationships between materials and social practices” (Goldszmit, 2017, 465–466), som villkorar möjligheterna till daglig rörelse i skolan.MetodFallstudien bygger på material som samlats in vid en av fyra grundskolor (högstadium) i Stockholmsområdet. De fyra skolorna uppvisar såväl likheter som skillnader med avseende, till exempel, på hur de är utformade och vilka elever som befolkar dem. Den aktuella skolan valdes ut eftersom den på sätt och vis innefattar ”två skolor i en”, det vill säga en skolprofil med elever från ett hela Storstockholm, respektive en allmän profil med elever från den lokala stadsdelen. Det empiriska material som har samlats in är:fältanteckningar från sex veckors vistelse vid skolan (tre perioder om två veckor vardera – i september och november-december) producerade i samband med såväl raster som på lektionstidintervjuer med 18 elever i årskurs 7 och 14 lärare, skolledare och annan personalschema för årskurs 7foton av skolans lokaliteterResultatSkolans vardag präglas på olika sätt av rörelse och icke-rörelse. Icke-rörelse är och uppfattas som norm i samband med undervisning, förutom i samband med lektioner i idrott och hälsa och delvis också i andra så kallade praktisk-estetiska ämnen. Rörelse utanför lektionstid kan för elever handla om alltifrån att gå från klassrum, via elevskåp, till ett nytt klassrum (nödvändig icke-intentionell rörelse), till att spela pingis (King) inomhus eller basket utomhus (icke-nödvändig intentionell rörelse). Raster präglas emellertid också i av icke-rörelse, då elever sitter och samtalar med varandra eller ”håller på” med mobiltelefoner, läsplattor eller laptops. Det finns starka uppfattningar, både bland elever och personal, om att rörelse är viktigt. Däremot är uppfattningarna delade om huruvida eleverna erbjuds möjlighet till daglig rörelse, några mer välvilliga (som har en bredare syn på rörelse), några mer skeptiska (som har en snävare syn: ”rörelse” = organiserad och – helst – vuxenledd). När det gäller elevers handlingar förknippas emellertid ”coolhet” tydligt med långsamhet och icke-rörelse. Det finns också en social dimension så till vida att de elever som ”besöker” skolan (inte bor i lokalsamhället) verkar vara mer positivt inställda till – och deltar i – icke-nödvändig intentionell rörelse (organiserad, vuxenledd rörelse), medan de elever som ”bebor” skolan (bor i lokalsamhället) är mera skeptiska till denna form av rörelse, i synnerhet bland de coola eleverna.Diskussion och slutsatser Studien påvisar att skolans utformning och elevernas och personalens uppfattning om daglig rörelse varierar och både gynnar och förhindrar daglig rörelse. Just på den aktuella skolan ter det sig som om det skulle vara lättare att jobba med daglig rörelse i form av nödvändig icke-intentionell rörelse, som få elever ”tycker” något om och som de flesta ägnar sig åt. Icke-nödvändig intentionell rörelse ”tycker” många elever något om – ofta i negativ mening, särskilt om den är organiserad och vuxenledd. Denna tendens verkar vara starkare bland de elever som ”bebor” skolan jämfört med de som ”besöker” den.
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| 13. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Vos, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
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| 16. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(författare)
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Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2015 : the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The lancet. HIV. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3018. ; 3:8, s. e361-e387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015.METHODS: For countries without high-quality vital registration data, we estimated prevalence and incidence with data from antenatal care clinics and population-based seroprevalence surveys, and with assumptions by age and sex on initial CD4 distribution at infection, CD4 progression rates (probability of progression from higher to lower CD4 cell-count category), on and off antiretroviral therapy (ART) mortality, and mortality from all other causes. Our estimation strategy links the GBD 2015 assessment of all-cause mortality and estimation of incidence and prevalence so that for each draw from the uncertainty distribution all assumptions used in each step are internally consistent. We estimated incidence, prevalence, and death with GBD versions of the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum software originally developed by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). We used an open-source version of EPP and recoded Spectrum for speed, and used updated assumptions from systematic reviews of the literature and GBD demographic data. For countries with high-quality vital registration data, we developed the cohort incidence bias adjustment model to estimate HIV incidence and prevalence largely from the number of deaths caused by HIV recorded in cause-of-death statistics. We corrected these statistics for garbage coding and HIV misclassification.FINDINGS: Global HIV incidence reached its peak in 1997, at 3·3 million new infections (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-3·4 million). Annual incidence has stayed relatively constant at about 2·6 million per year (range 2·5-2·8 million) since 2005, after a period of fast decline between 1997 and 2005. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS has been steadily increasing and reached 38·8 million (95% UI 37·6-40·4 million) in 2015. At the same time, HIV/AIDS mortality has been declining at a steady pace, from a peak of 1·8 million deaths (95% UI 1·7-1·9 million) in 2005, to 1·2 million deaths (1·1-1·3 million) in 2015. We recorded substantial heterogeneity in the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS across countries. Although many countries have experienced decreases in HIV/AIDS mortality and in annual new infections, other countries have had slowdowns or increases in rates of change in annual new infections.INTERPRETATION: Scale-up of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission has been one of the great successes of global health in the past two decades. However, in the past decade, progress in reducing new infections has been slow, development assistance for health devoted to HIV has stagnated, and resources for health in low-income countries have grown slowly. Achievement of the new ambitious goals for HIV enshrined in Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets will be challenging, and will need continued efforts from governments and international agencies in the next 15 years to end AIDS by 2030.
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| 17. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 384:9947, s. 957-979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.METHODS: We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29 000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030.FINDINGS: We estimated that 6·3 million (95% UI 6·0-6·6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64% reduction from 17·6 million (17·1-18·1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152·5 per 1000 livebirths (130·6-177·4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2·3 (1·8-2·9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from -6·8% to 0·1%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41·6% of under-5 deaths compared with 37·4% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1·4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0·9 million and 2·2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4·2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone.INTERPRETATION: Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030.
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| 18. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1459-1544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures.METHODS: We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).FINDINGS: Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·4-61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5-72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7-17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5-70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1% (2·6-5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0% (15·8-18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1% (12·6-16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1% (11·9-14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1%, 39·1-44·6), malaria (43·1%, 34·7-51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8%, 24·8-34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1%, 19·3-37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death.INTERPRETATION: At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems.
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| 19. |
- Welford, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Yoga and Aerobic Exercise on Verbal Fluency in Physically Inactive Older Adults : Randomized Controlled Trial (FitForAge).
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Interventions in Aging. - : Dove Press. - 1176-9092 .- 1178-1998. ; 18, s. 533-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To compare the effects on verbal fluency of a supported yoga-based exercise intervention to an aerobic exercise intervention and a wait-list control group.PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Eighty-two physically-inactive but otherwise healthy adults (mean age 72.5 years, range 65-85, 77% female) were recruited into a 12-week, three-group, parallel randomized controlled trial. Participants were supported to complete ≥3 Hatha yoga classes per/week or ≥3 structured aerobic exercise sessions/week. A wait-list control group continued usual daily activities only. Verbal fluency, including total-FAS, animals, and verbs, was assessed before and after interventions. Group effects were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).RESULTS: Twenty-seven participants were randomized to yoga, 29 to aerobic exercise and 26 to a waitlist. At 12-week follow-up, compared to baseline, there were increases in mean total-FAS in the yoga (+5.0 words, p=0.002) and aerobic exercise groups (+6.6 words, p=0.004). Mean total-FAS in the wait-list control group remained stable (-0.5 words, p=0.838). There were medium-magnitude estimated treatment effects on total-FAS for yoga versus wait-list control and aerobic exercise versus wait-list control: Hedges' g=0.51 (p=0.213) and 0.57 (p=0.098) respectively. In addition, small-to-medium magnitude estimated treatment effects were seen on animals and verbs for yoga versus wait-list control and aerobic exercise versus wait-list control: g=0.28 (p=0.155), 0.19 (p=0.766) and 0.50 (p=0.085), 0.59 (p=0.233) respectively.CONCLUSION: Participation in yoga or aerobic exercise was associated with estimated improvements in verbal fluency compared to a non-active control group. Yoga and aerobic exercise may be promising approaches by which to promote cognitive function among older adults.TRIAL REGISTRATION: DRKS00015093, U1111-1217-4248.
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| 20. |
- Welford, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of yoga and aerobic exercise on wellbeing in physically inactive older adults : Randomized controlled trial (FitForAge)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Complementary Therapies in Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0965-2299 .- 1873-6963. ; 66, s. 102815-102815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare the effects of yoga and aerobic exercise (AE) on wellbeing in physically inactive, but otherwise healthy older adults. A secondary objective was to assess and compare the frequency of adverse events associated with yoga and AE.Design: Twelve-week, three-group, parallel randomized controlled trial with blinded follow-up assessment.Interventions: Participants were supported to complete ≥ 3 Hatha yoga classes/week or ≥ 3 AE sessions/week. A wait-list control (WLC) group continued usual daily activities.Main outcome measure: Change in wellbeing, assessed using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI),at baseline and at 12-week follow up.Results: In total, 82 adults (mean age 72.5 years, range 65-85, 77% female) were recruited. Of these, 27 were randomized to yoga, 29 to aerobic exercise and 26 to wait-list control. Medium-magnitude treatment effects (Hedges' g) were seen for yoga versus WLC and AE versus WLC(SWLS, g = 0.65 and 0.56; LSI, g = 0.54 and 0.54, respectively). In per-protocol analyses, larger effect sizes were found (SWLS, g = 0.72 and 0.66; LSI, g = 0.76 and 0.76, respectively). Adverse events were less frequent in the yoga group (6/27; 22%) compared to AE (10/27; 37%).Conclusions: Among physically inactive older adults, participation in yoga or AE was associated with beneficial effects on subjective wellbeing when compared to a non-active control group. Yoga was associated with fewer injuries and may be especially suitable for older adults (DRKS 00015093).
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| 21. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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