| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
- Conti, David, V, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Herrmann, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon nitride nanoceramics densified by dynamic grain sliding
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0884-2914 .- 2044-5326. ; 25, s. 2354-2361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The densification behaviors of two silicon nitride nanopowder mixtures based respectively on a-Si3N4 and ß-Si3N4 as the major phase constituent were studied by spark plasma sintering. Sintering conditions were established where a low viscous liquid not in equilibrium with the main crystalline constituent(s) stimulated the grain sliding yet did not activate the reprecipitation mechanism that unavoidably yields grain growth. By this way of dynamic grain sliding full densification of silicon nitride nanoceramics was achieved with no noticeable involvement of a- to ß-Si3N4 phase transformation and grain growth. This processing principle opens the way toward flexible and precise tailoring of the microstructures and properties of Si3N4 ceramics. The obtained silicon nitride nanoceramics showed improved wear resistance, particularly under higher Hertzian stresses.
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| 6. |
- Hu, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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A general mechanism of grain growth -I. Theory
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materiomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8478 .- 2352-8486. ; 7:5, s. 1007-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behaviors of grain growth dominate the formation of the microstructure inside polycrystalline materials and thus strongly influence their practical performances. However, grain growth behaviors still remain ambiguous and thus lack a mathematical formula to describe the general evolution despite decades of efforts. Here, we propose a new migration model of grain boundary (GB) and further derive a mathematical expression to depict the general evolution of grain growth in the cellular structures. The expression incorporates the variables influencing growth rate (e.g. GB features, grain size and local grain size distribution) and thus reveals how the normal, abnormal and stagnant behaviors of grain growth occur in polycrystalline systems. In addition, our model correlates quantitatively GB roughening transition with grain growth behavior. The general growth theory may provide new insights into the GB thermodynamics and kinetics during the cellular structure evolution.
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| 7. |
- Hu, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Grain growth by multiple ordered coalescence of nanocrystals during spark plasma sintering of SrTiO3 nanopowders
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 60:18, s. 6405-6412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sintering is the most widely applied densification process for manufacturing polycrystalline materials in powder metallurgy and ceramic industries. Grain growth behavior during sintering has a crucial influence on the final microstructure and thus the achieved performance. So far, it has been accepted that grain growth, based on classic crystal growth theory, takes place via atomic diffusion driven by excess interfacial energy. This paper presents a novel grain growth mechanism resulting from multiple ordered coalescence of nanocrystals via the activation of rapid grain motions. In rapid solid-state sintering of a strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanopowder, individual SrTiO3 nanocrystals can act as the building blocks and self-assemble to form larger grains. A quasi-liquid interfacial film achieved by surface melting of the nanocrystals plays an essential role in this new process by facilitating the grain motion and ordered coalescence of nanocrystals. The imperfect ordered coalescence of nanocrystals introduce deep structural heterogeneities characterized by the unique quasi-interfaces inside grown grains of single crystal signature. The quasi-interfaces consist of the vacancy arrays and/or aggregated line defects.
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| 8. |
- Hu, Jianfeng, 1979-
(författare)
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Grain growth by Ordered Coalescence of crystallites in Ceramics : Grain Growth Mechanisms, Microstructure Evolution and Sintering
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Grain growth and densification process play the two most crucial roles on the microstructure evolution and the achieved performances during sintering of ceramics. In this thesis, the grain growth of SrTiO3, BaTiO3-SrTiO3 solid solutions and Si3N4 ceramics during spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated by electron microscopy.SrTiO3 ceramics starting from nanopowders were fabricated by SPS. A novel grain growth mechanism was discovered and named as ordered coalescence (OC) of nanocrystals. This mechanism involved nanocrystals as building blocks and is distinguished from atomic layer epitaxial growth (AEG) in classical sintering theory. The results also revealed that the dominant grain growth mechanism can be changed by varying heating rates. Low rate (10°C/min) gives AEG, whereas high rates (≥ 50°C/min) yields three-dimensional coalescence of nanocrystals, i.e. OC.BaTiO3-SrTiO3 sintered bodies were made by SPS of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 nanopowders mixtures. A novel Sr1-xBaxTiO3 “solid solution” with mosaic-like single crystal structure was manufactured by OC of the precursor crystallites. This reveals a new path for preparation of solid solution grains or composites. Si3N4 ceramics were prepared from α- or β-Si3N4 nanopowders at the same SPS conditions. The anisotropic OC of precipitated β-Si3N4 crystallites gives elongated β-Si3N4 grains at 1650°C using α-Si3N4 nanopowder. In contrast, AEG leads to the equi-axed β-Si3N4 grains using β-Si3N4 nanopowder. The metastable α- to β-Si3N4 phase transformation and OC accelerates anisotropic grain growth.Grain motions contribute to the densification process during pressureless sintered 3Y-ZrO2 (>87%TD) or SPS of SrTiO3 (>92%TD) ceramics. This extends the sintering range for active grain re-arrangement over that predicted by classical theory.In this thesis a new grain growth mechanism (OC) is proved by using SPS and nanopowders. By OC the microstructural evolution can be manipulated.
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| 9. |
- Hu, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Grain growth competition during sintering of SrTiO3 nanocrystals : Ordered coalescence of nanocrystals versus conventional mechanism
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grain growth plays a crucial role in developing the microstructures of polycrystalline materials during heating treatment. In this work, SrTiO3 ceramics sintered at different heating rates (10 degrees C/min and 100 degrees C/min) display the distinctly different grain growth behaviors and microstructures between them. The onset temperature of rapid grain growth and mechanical-performance-related fracture mode are apparently different between these two sets of samples. Two grain growth mechanisms are demonstrated to dominate separately the sintering of SrTiO3 nanocrystals at different heating rates, i.e. conventional mechanism of atom-by-atom additions for grain growth at 10 degrees C/min and ordered coalescence of nanocrystals for grain growth at 100 degrees C/min. It is demonstrated that the switch of growth mechanisms is determined by the competition between the activation of grain motions and the formation of steady neck among grains.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hu, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Intragranular heterojunctions formed by ordered coalescence of strontium and barium titanate nanocrystals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 107, s. 14-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crystal growth by nanocrystal-assembly plays an important role in the synthesis and preparation of nanostructural materials. In most cases, this crystal-growth mechanism is reported to occur in unary nanocrystal systems and in solution environment. Here, we report a new observation of grain growth by ordered coalescence of nanocrystals occurring in SrTiO3-BaTiO3 binary system during solid-state sintering, which also results in unique oxide heterostructures inside coarsened grains in bulk polycrystalline materials.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hu, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Ordered coalescence of nano crystallites contributing to the rapid anisotropic grain growth in silicon nitride ceramics
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 69:3, s. 270-273
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microstructural characterization is performed on two dense Si3N4 ceramic samples consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS): one fabricated using alpha-Si3N4 and the other using beta-Si3N4 as the starting powder. A novel mechanism is revealed where ordered coalescence of nano beta-crystallites accelerate the rapid beta-Si3N4 anisotropic grain growth. The rapid alpha- to beta-Si3N4 phase transformation via a high supersaturation of dissolved Si3N4 in the melt favors this mechanism. The high heating rate by SPS is essential for achieving such supersaturation.
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| 14. |
- Hu, Wensheng, et al.
(författare)
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Maintainability design based on complex network
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 14th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP). - 9781538610107 ; , s. 309-314
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many faults come from the design phase. In order to improve the maintainability of the software, the design of software architecture must be adopted modular design. This paper presents a method of UML class diagram translated into a directed complex network with weight value. The relation weight coefficient matrix between classes can be calculated by Dijkstra algorithm. The clustering algorithm is implemented on the relation weight coefficient matrix. The result of clustering analysis is that the closely related classes can be clustered into a component. Finally, modular design of the software system can be realized. © 2017 IEEE.
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| 15. |
- Hu, Zengyun, et al.
(författare)
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CCHZ-DISO: A Timely New Assessment System for Data Quality or Model Performance From Da Dao Zhi Jian
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 49:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rapid development of big data, assessment of data quality or model performance has become a hot scientific question. However, most existing lots of metrics focus on specific aspects of the assessment, and comprehensive assessment is rare. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop new assessment system. To address this problem, a new assessment system is constructed which is named after Chen, Chen, Hu, and Zhou (CCHZ)-distance between indices of simulation and observation (DISO) according to the contributions of Xi Chen, Deliang Chen, Zengyun Hu, and Qiming Zhou. CCHZ-DISO system builds on the Euclidean Distance and flexible determination of statistical metrics and their numbers. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, CCHZ-DISO can be readily and widely applied to any subject of science. Therefore, it follows the principle of the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi's Da Dao Zhi Jian which means that the most basic truth is very simple.
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| 16. |
- Hu, Zengyun, et al.
(författare)
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DISO: A rethink of Taylor diagram
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 39:5, s. 2825-2832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate system, to reveal the corresponding physical mechanisms, and to project the future climate dynamics among atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice, such as regional climate models and global climate models. A comprehensive assessment of these climate models is important to identify their different overall performances, such as the accuracy of the simulated temperature and precipitation against the observed field. However, until now, the comprehensive performances of these models have not been quantified by a comprehensive index except the existed single statistical index, such as correlation coefficient (r), absolute error (AE), and the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE). To address this issue, therefore, in this study, a new comprehensive index Distance between Indices of Simulation and Observation (DISO) is developed to describe the overall performances of different models against the observed field quantitatively. This new index DISO is a merge of different statistical metrics including r, AE, and RMSE according to the distance between the simulated model and observed field in a three‐dimension space coordinate system. From the relationship between AE, RMSE, and RMS difference (RMSD) (i.e., standard deviation [SD] of bias time series), the new index also has the information of RMSD which is the statistical index in Taylor diagram. An example is applied objectively to display the applications of DISO and Taylor diagram in identifying the overall performances of different simulated models. Overall, with the strong physical characteristic of the distance in three dimensional space and the strict mathematical proof, the new comprehensive index DISO can convey the performances among different models. It can be applied in the comparison between different model data and in tracking changes in their performances.
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| 17. |
- Hu, Zengyun, et al.
(författare)
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“Dry gets drier, wet gets wetter”: A case study over the arid regions of central Asia
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 39:2, s. 1072-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Royal Meteorological Society The “dry gets drier, wet gets wetter” (DGDWGW) paradigm well describes the pattern of precipitation changes over the oceans. However, it has also been usually considered as a simplified pattern of regional changes in wet/dry under global warming, although GCMs mostly do not agree this pattern over land. To examine the validity of this paradigm over land and evaluate how usage of drought indices estimated from different hydrological variables affects detection of regional wet/dry trends, we take the arid regions of central Asia as a case study area and estimate the drying and wetting trends during the period of 1950–2015 based on multiple drought indices. These indices include the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and self-calibrating PDSI (sc_PDSI) with both the Thornthwaite (th) and Penman–Monteith (pm) equations in PDSI calculation (namely, PDSI_th, PDSI_pm, sc_PDSI_th and sc_PDSI_pm). The results show that there is an overall agreement among the indices in terms of inter-annual variation, especially for the PDSIs. All drought indices except SPI show a drying trend over the five states of central Asia (CAS5: including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). The four PDSIs and SPEI reveal a wetting tendency over the northwestern China (NW; including Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Hexi Corridor). The contrasting trends between CAS5 and NW can also be revealed in soil moisture (SM) variations. The nonlinear wet and dry variations are dominated by the 3–7 years oscillations for the indices. Relationships between the six indices and climate variables show the major drought drivers have regional features: with mean temperature (TMP), precipitation total (PRE) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) for CAS5, and PRE and PET for NW. Finally, our analyses indicate that the dry and wet variations are strongly correlated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
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| 18. |
- Lango Allen, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 467:7317, s. 832-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits, but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait. The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.
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| 19. |
- Li, Duan, et al.
(författare)
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Densification as an exothermic process revealed by rapid high temperature consolidation of BaTiO3 nanopowder
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Ceramics. - 1743-6753 .- 1743-6761. ; 113:4, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Densification is an exothermic process according to the classical sintering theories; however, it has never been explored experimentally. In the present work, such heat release was successfully detected from nanosized BaTiO3 nanopowder compact, which was rapidly consolidated by spark plasma sintering. A reduction of total power consumption was observed immediately when rapid densification occurred. The effects of the deviation of overall electric resistance on total power consumption were analysed. The temperature at which a falling inflection point of the power supply was observed can be used as an indicator of the minimum temperature required for densification. This would be of help for defining the 'kinetic window' for processing of nanoceramics in sintering practice.
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| 20. |
- Li, Junjie, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Dry Selective Isotropic Atomic Layer Etching of SiGe for Manufacturing Vertical Nanowire Array with Diameter Less than 20 nm
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor nanowires have great application prospects in field effect transistors and sensors. In this study, the process and challenges of manufacturing vertical SiGe/Si nanowire array by using the conventional lithography and novel dry atomic layer etching technology. The final results demonstrate that vertical nanowires with a diameter less than 20 nm can be obtained. The diameter of nanowires is adjustable with an accuracy error less than 0.3 nm. This technology provides a new way for advanced 3D transistors and sensors.
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| 21. |
- Shen, Zhijian, et al.
(författare)
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Ferroelectric ceramics with enhanced remnant polarization by ordered coalescence of nano-crystals
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 22:44, s. 23547-23552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An exceptional high ferroelectric remnant polarization (P-r) was observed in BaTiO3 ceramics owing to the formation of micron-sized grains possessing nano-scale mosaicity. Such a structural hierarchy was developed via a novel crystal-growth mechanism, namely ordered coalescence of nano-crystals achieved by synergetic atomic epitaxial growth and self-assembly of nano-crystals. The accommodating lattice defects in sub-grain boundaries due to the imperfect assembly of nano-crystals significantly contribute to the P-r enhancement by stimulating the dynamics of ferroelectric domain formation and switching. This finding defines a new approach to nanopowder sintering leading to enhanced properties sensitive to lattice defects.
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| 22. |
- Speliotes, Elizabeth K., et al.
(författare)
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Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 937-948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and ~2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci associated with body mass index (P < 5 × 10−8), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation.
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| 23. |
- Wang, Anqi, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:12, s. 2065-2074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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| 24. |
- Wang, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Defect formation by order coalescence in vermicular grains during alumina phase transformation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 107, s. 59-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vermicular alpha-Al2O3 grains obtained from gamma- to alpha-phase transformation were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a left-shifting shoulder in all diffraction peaks of transformed alpha-Al2O3. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy results confirmed large amounts of defects inside the vermicular alpha-Al2O3 single-crystal. Combined with grain-growth discontinuity, the authors proposed that the defects inside vermicular grains resulted from assembly of nanosized alpha-crystallites by an ordered coalescence mechanism directly after phase transformation, by which the orientation alignment was thermodynamically favored in the solid-state sintering.
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| 25. |
- Wei, Guohui, et al.
(författare)
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Photothermal catalytic activity and mechanism of LaNixCo1-xO3(0 <= x <= 1) perovskites for CO2 reduction to CH4 and CH3OH with H2O
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Research Express. - : IOP Publishing. - 2053-1591. ; 6:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of LaNixCo1-xO3 perovskites were synthesized by sol-gel combustion method, the photothermal catalysis of CO2 and H2O into CH4 and CH3OH was investigated systematically. The crystal structure, surface area, oxygen vacancies, band structures and catalytic performance of LaNixCo1-xO3 perovskites were characterized thoroughly in order to understand the design principle of the material for such a photothermal catalysis of CO2 and H2O. With the change of x value, the best catalytic performance was achieved at x = 0.4 and the accumulated yield of CH4 and CH3OH can reach 678.57, 20.83 mu molg(-1) in 6 h, which were 3.4 and 3.8, 1.9 and 2.2 times of that of two end composition, LaCoO3 and LaNiO3 under the same condition. For LaNi0.4Co0.6O3, the surface area reached a maximum concentration of oxygen vacancy while the band gap reached a minimum of 1.42 eV. It is evident that the formation of solid solution between LaMO3 (M = transition metals) compounds can be a general strategy for the new catalyst design.
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| 26. |
- Xiong, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Pore Coalescence in Nanoceramic Consolidated by Two-Step Sintering Procedure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 33:11, s. 2087-2092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-step sintering (TSS) concept was adopted in the consolidation of 3 mol% yttria doped zirconia nanopowder. Partially densified bodies with 87% theoretical density (TD) were firstly prepared using high-pressure spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique and followed by second-step pressureless sintering. The samples achieved only 96% TD final density after 30 h soaking. It was found that the densification process was impeded by dynamic pore coalescence with a pore growth factor of 10. The phenomenon was explained by the coalescence of interconnected small pores generated by differential sintering of nanoceramic green compacts. Such pore coalescence was accompanied with particle movement, which resulted in sintering state deviating from the frozen state. Present results indicated that the active range for particle rearrangement was greatly extended during nanoceramic sintering and the efficiency of TSS approach was greatly dependent on the homogeneity of green bodies
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| 27. |
- Xiong, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of Transparent Nanoceramics by Suppressing Pore Coalescence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Ceramic Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 94:12, s. 4269-4273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microstructural developments in nanoceramics were investigated in 3Y-TZP compacts with relative density (RD) exceeding 93%. Special attentions were paid to the evolutions of pore structures. It was found that the densification process of nanoceramic compacts with apparently close porosity was greatly jeopardized by pore coalescence. This observation was interpreted by the coalescence of locally interconnected pores originated from inhomogeneous packing of particles. The pore coalescence can be suppressed by application of an external pressure. The processing principle was demonstrated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) with extended holding at a minimized sintering temperature. The highly dense 3Y-TZP nanoceramics containing no large pores became optically transparent.
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| 28. |
- Yang, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Web software reliability modeling with random impulsive shocks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics. - 1004-4132. ; 25:2, s. 349-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the web-server based business is rapidly developed and popularized, how to evaluate and improve the reliability of web-servers has been extremely important. Although a large number of software reliability growth models (SRGMs), including those combined with multiple change-points (CPs), have been available, these conventional SRGMs cannot be directly applied to web software reliability analysis because of the complex web operational profile. To characterize the web operational profile precisely, it should be realized that the workload of a web server is normally non-homogeneous and often observed with the pattern of random impulsive shocks. A web software reliability model with random impulsive shocks and its statistical analysis method are developed. In the proposed model, the web server workload is characterized by a geometric Brownian motion process. Based on a real data set from IIS server logs of ICRMS website (www.icrms.cn), the proposed model is demonstrated to be powerful for estimating impulsive shocks and web software reliability.
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| 29. |
- Zhou, Qimin, et al.
(författare)
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YAP1 is an independent prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer and associated with extracellular matrix remodeling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 18, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. The identification of effective biomarkers is essential in order to improve management of the disease. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, a signal transduction system implicated in tissue repair and regeneration, as well as tumorigenesis. Here we evaluate the biomarker potential of YAP1 in pancreatic cancer tissue.METHODS: YAP1 was selected as a possible biomarker for pancreatic cancer from global protein sequencing of fresh frozen pancreatic cancer tissue samples and normal pancreas controls. The prognostic utility of YAP1 was evaluated using mRNA expression data from 176 pancreatic cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), as well as protein expression data from immunohistochemistry analysis of a local tissue microarray (TMA) cohort comprising 140 pancreatic cancer patients. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was applied to outline the interaction network for YAP1 in connection to the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. The expression of YAP1 target gene products was evaluated after treatment of the pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 with three substances interrupting YAP-TEAD interaction, including Super-TDU, Verteporfin and CA3.RESULTS: Mass spectrometry based proteomics showed that YAP1 is the top upregulated protein in pancreatic cancer tissue when compared to normal controls (log2 fold change 6.4; p = 5E-06). Prognostic analysis of YAP1 demonstrated a significant correlation between mRNA expression level data and reduced overall survival (p = 0.001). In addition, TMA and immunohistochemistry analysis suggested that YAP1 protein expression is an independent predictor of poor overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.870, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.224-2.855, p = 0.004], as well as reduced disease-free survival (HR 1.950, 95% CI 1.299-2.927, p = 0.001). Bioinformatic analyses coupled with in vitro assays indicated that YAP1 is involved in the transcriptional control of target genes, associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, which could be modified by selected substances disrupting the YAP1-TEAD interaction.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that YAP1 is an important prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer and may play a regulatory role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix.
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