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Sökning: WFRF:(Hu Qing)

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1.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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3.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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4.
  • Wang, Zhaoming, et al. (författare)
  • Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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5.
  • Machiela, Mitchell J., et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of Large Structural Genetic Mosaicism in Human Autosomes
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 96:3, s. 487-497
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have revealed that detectable genetic mosaicism involving large (>2 Mb) structural autosomal alterations occurs in a fraction of individuals. We present results for a set of 24,849 genotyped individuals (total GWAS set II [TGSII]) in whom 341 large autosomal abnormalities were observed in 168 (0.68%) individuals. Merging data from the new TGSII set with data from two prior reports (the Gene-Environment Association Studies and the total GWAS set I) generated a large dataset of 127,179 individuals; we then conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of detectable autosomal mosaicism (n = 1,315 events in 925 [0.73%] individuals). Restricting to events >2 Mb in size, we observed an increase in event frequency as event size decreased. The combined results underscore that the rate of detectable mosaicism increases with age (p value = 5.5 x 3 10(-31)) and is higher in men (p value = 0.002) but lower in participants of African ancestry (p value = 0.003). In a subset of 47 individuals from whom serial samples were collected up to 6 years apart, complex changes were noted over time and showed an overall increase in the proportion of mosaic cells as age increased. Our large combined sample allowed for a unique ability to characterize detectable genetic mosaicism involving large structural events and strengthens the emerging evidence of non-random erosion of the genome in the aging population.
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6.
  • Machiela, Mitchell J, et al. (författare)
  • Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events >2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases.
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7.
  • QingMiao, Hu, et al. (författare)
  • Composition dependent elastic modulus and phase stability of Ni2MnGa based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: SCI CHINA TECHNOL SC. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1674-7321 .- 1869-1900. ; 55:2, s. 295-305
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ni2MnGa based ferromagnetic alloys are ideal candidates for applications such as actuators, magnetic refrigerators or magnetostrictive transducers due to their attractive properties such as magnetic field induced shape memory effect and large magnetocaloric effect. The properties of these alloys (e.g., the martensitic transformation temperature T (M) ) sensitively depend on the composition. Understanding the composition dependence of these properties so as to design the alloy as desired is one of the main research topics in this area. In recent years, we have investigated the composition dependent elastic modulus and phase stability of Ni2MnGa-based alloys by using a first-principles method, in hope of clarifying their connection to the properties of these alloys. In this article, we review the main results of our investigations. We show that the tetragonal shear modulus C' is a better predictor of the composition dependent T (M) than the number of valence electrons per atom (e/a) since the general T (M) similar to C' correlation works for some of the alloys for which the T (M) similar to e/a correlation fails, although there exist several cases for which both the general T (M) similar to C' and T (M)similar to e/a correlations break down. Employing the experimentally determined modulation function, the complex 5-layer modulated (5M) structure of the martensite of Ni2MnGa and the Al-doping effect on it are studied. We find that the shuffle and shear of the 5M structure are linearly coupled. The relative stability of the austenite and the martensites is examined by comparing their total energies. The non-modulated martensite beta aEuro(3)aEuro(2) with the tetragonality of the unit cell c/a > 1 is shown to be globally stable whereas the 5M martensite with c/a < 1 is metastable. The critical Al atomic fraction over which the martensitic transformation between the 5M martensite and austenite cannot occur is predicted to be 0.26, in reasonable agreement with experimental findings.
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8.
  • Sampson, Joshua N., et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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9.
  • Abdoullaye, Doukary, et al. (författare)
  • Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 August 2009 - 30 September 2009
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:1, s. 232-236
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article documents the addition of 238 microsatellite marker loci and 72 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Adelges tsugae, Artemisia tridentata, Astroides calycularis, Azorella selago, Botryllus schlosseri, Botrylloides violaceus, Cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii, Campylopterus curvipennis, Colocasia esculenta, Cynomys ludovicianus, Cynomys leucurus, Cynomys gunnisoni, Epinephelus coioides, Eunicella singularis, Gammarus pulex, Homoeosoma nebulella, Hyla squirella, Lateolabrax japonicus, Mastomys erythroleucus, Pararge aegeria, Pardosa sierra, Phoenicopterus ruber ruber and Silene latifolia. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Adelges abietis, Adelges cooleyi, Adelges piceae, Pineus pini, Pineus strobi, Tubastrea micrantha, three other Tubastrea species, Botrylloides fuscus, Botrylloides simodensis, Campylopterus hemileucurus, Campylopterus rufus, Campylopterus largipennis, Campylopterus villaviscensio, Phaethornis longuemareus, Florisuga mellivora, Lampornis amethystinus, Amazilia cyanocephala, Archilochus colubris, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Symbiodinium temperate-A clade, Gammarus fossarum, Gammarus roeselii, Dikerogammarus villosus and Limnomysis benedeni. This article also documents the addition of 72 sequencing primer pairs and 52 allele specific primers for Neophocaena phocaenoides.
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10.
  • An, Feng-Wei, et al. (författare)
  • Establishment of a Large Animal Model for Eustachian Tube Functional Study in Miniature Pigs
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Anatomical Record Part A-discoveries in Molecular Cellular and Evolutionary Biology. - : WILEY. - 1552-4884 .- 1932-8494. ; 302:6, s. 1024-1038
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study was performed to investigate whether miniature pigs are a suitable animal model for studies of the Eustachian tube (ET). Sixteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs were used in this investigation. Ten animals were used for anatomical and morphometric analyses to obtain qualitative and quantitative information regarding the ET. Three animals were used for histological analysis to determine the fine structure of ET cross-sections. Three animals were used to investigate the feasibility of balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET). The anatomical study indicated that the pharyngeal orifice and tympanic orifice of the miniature pig ET are located at the posterior end of the nasal lateral wall and anterior wall of the middle ear cavity, respectively. The cartilaginous tube was seen to pass through the whole length of the ET, the length of the cartilaginous part of the ET and the diameter of the isthmus were similar between humans and miniature pigs. The inclination of the ET in miniature pigs was larger than that in humans. The gross histology seemed to be slightly different between miniature pig and human, but the fine structures were essentially the same in both species. BDET experiments verified that the miniature pig model is suitable as a model for clinical operations. The miniature pig ET corresponds very well to that of humans. In addition, the miniature pig ET is suitable as a model for clinical operations. Therefore, the miniature pig is a valid animal model for ET study. 
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11.
  • Diao, Yupu, et al. (författare)
  • Existence of Prophenoloxidase in Wing Discs : A Source of Plasma Prophenoloxidase in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:7, s. e41416-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In insects, hemocytes are considered as the only source of plasma prophenoloxidase (PPO). PPO also exists in the hemocytes of the hematopoietic organ that is connected to the wing disc of Bombyx mori. It is unknown whether there are other cells or tissues that can produce PPO and release it into the hemolymph besides circulating hemocytes. In this study, we use the silkworm as a model to explore this possibility. Through tissue staining and biochemical assays, we found that wing discs contain PPO that can be released into the culture medium in vitro. An in situ assay showed that some cells in the cavity of wing discs have PPO1 and PPO2 mRNA. We conclude that the hematopoietic organ may wrongly release hemocytes into wing discs since they are connected through many tubes as repost in previous paper. In wing discs, the infiltrating hemocytes produce and release PPO probably through cell lysis and the PPO is later transported into hemolymph. Therefore, this might be another source of plasma PPO in the silkworm: some infiltrated hemocytes sourced from the hematopoietic organ release PPO via wing discs.
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12.
  • Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al. (författare)
  • Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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13.
  • Li, Chun-Mei, et al. (författare)
  • First-principles investigation of the composition dependent properties of Ni2+xMn1-xGa shape-memory alloys
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:2, s. 024201-1-024201-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The composition dependent lattice parameter, phase stability, elastic moduli, and magnetic transition temperature of the Ni2+xMn1-xGa shape-memory alloys are studied by using the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbital method in combination with the coherent potential approximation. The lattice parameter and tetragonal shear modulus of the cubic L-21 austenite phase decreases linearly with increasing concentration x of excess Ni atoms. The heats of formation of both cubic L-21 and tetragonal beta''' phases and their difference increase with x, indicating decreasing stability of the cubic and tetragonal phases and increasing driving force for the L-21 to beta''' martensitic transition. Investigating the electronic density of states, we find that the Ni-induced decreasing phase stability can mainly be ascribed to the weakening of the covalent bonding between minority spin states of Ni and Ga. Using the computed parameters, the composition dependence of the martensitic transition temperature is discussed. The theoretical Curie temperature, estimated from the Heisenberg model in combination with the mean-field approximation, is larger for the beta''' phase than for the L-21 phase. For both phases, the Curie temperature decreases nearly linearly with increasing x.
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14.
  • Li, Chun-Mei, et al. (författare)
  • Role of magnetic and atomic ordering in the martensitic transformation of Ni-Mn-In from a first-principles study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 86:21, s. 214205-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The composition-dependent lattice parameters, crystal structure, elastic properties, magnetic moment, and electronic structure of Ni2Mn1+xIn1-x (0 <= x <= 0.6) are studied by using first-principles calculations. It is shown that the martensitic phase transition (MPT) from cubic L2(1) to tetragonal L1(0) accompanies theMn(Mn)-Mn-In ferromagnetic (FM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition, at around the critical composition x = 0.32, in agreement with the experimental measurement. The Mn-In atomic disorder leads to decreasing stability of the martensite relative to the austenite, which depresses the MPT. The shear elastic constant C' of the parent phase first decreases slightly with increasing x and then remains almost unchanged above x = 0.32, indicating C' alone cannot account for the increase of the MPT temperature with x. The total magnetic moments for the L2(1) phase are in good agreement with those determined by experiments, whereas for the L1(0) phase they are slightly larger than the experimental data due to the possibleMn-In atomic disorder in the sample. The calculated density of states demonstrate that the covalent bonding between the minority spin states of Ni and In plays an important role in both the magnetic and structural stability.
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15.
  • Li, Chun-Mei, et al. (författare)
  • Site preference and elastic properties of Fe-, Co-, and Cu- doped Ni(2)MnGa shape memory alloys from first principles
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84:2, s. 024206-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The site preference and elastic properties of Fe-, Co-, and Cu-doped Ni(2)MnGa alloys are investigated by using the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbital method in combination with coherent-potential approximation. It is shown that Fe atom prefers to occupy the Mn and Ni sublattices even in Ga-deficient alloys; Co has strong tendency to occupy the Ni sublattice in all types of alloys; Cu atoms always occupy the sublattice of the host elements in deficiency. For most of the alloys with stable site occupations, both the electron density n and the shear modulus C' can be considered as predictors of the composition dependence of the martensitic transition temperature T(M) of the alloys. The physics underlying the composition-dependent C' are discussed based on the calculated density of states.
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16.
  • Li, Chun-Mei, et al. (författare)
  • Temperature dependence of elastic properties of Ni(2+x)Mn(1-x)Ga and Ni(2)Mn(Ga(1-x)Al(x)) from first principles
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84:17, s. 174117-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The temperature dependence of the elastic properties of Ni(2+x)Mn(1-x)Ga and Ni(2)Mn(Ga(1-x)Al(x)) (x = 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2) random alloys are investigated by using the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbitals method. At 0 K, the calculated equilibrium parameters in both cubic L2(1) and nonmodulated tetragonal beta'''-Ni(2)MnGa are in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. Separating the thermal effects into single electron excitation, volume expansion, phonon smearing, and magnetic terms, we find that phonon smearing gives the dominating positive tetragonal elastic constant (C') versus temperature (T) slope for the cubic phase. For Ni(2+x)Mn(1-x)Ga, the competition between the negative alloying effect (partial derivative C'/partial derivative x < 0) and the positive temperature effect (partial derivative C'/partial derivative T > 0) leads to nearly constant C'[x, T(M)(x)] at the martensitic transition temperature T(M)(x). For Ni(2)Mn(Ga(1-x)Al(x)), where both partial derivative C'/partial derivative x and partial derivative C'/partial derivative T are positive, however, due to the significantly decrease of T(M)(x), the critical C'[x, T(M)(x)] slightly decreases with Al doping. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that both the composition and the temperature dependence of C' are indispensable to get a reasonable theoretical T(M)(x).
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17.
  • Li, Chun-Xia, et al. (författare)
  • Lattice parameters and relative stability of alpha '' phase in binary titanium alloys from first-principles calculations
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Solid State Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1098 .- 1879-2766. ; 159, s. 70-75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The crystallographic structure and stability of the alpha" phase relative to the alpha and beta phases in Ti-x M (M=Ta, Nb, V, Mo) alloys are investigated by using the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbital method in combination with the coherent potential approximation. We show that, with increasing concentration of the alloying elements, the structure of the orthorhombic-alpha'' phase evolutes from the hcp-alpha to the bcc-beta phase, i.e., the lattice parameters b/a and c/a as well as the basal shuffle y decreases from those corresponding to the alpha phase to those of the beta phase. The compositional alpha/alpha" and alpha"/beta phase boundaries are determined by comparing the total energies of the phases. The predicted alpha/alpha" phase boundaries are about 10.2, 10.5, 11.5, 4.5 at% for Ti-V, Ti-Nb, Ti-Ta, and Ti-Mo, respectively, in reasonable agreement with experiments. The alpha"/beta phase boundaries are higher than the experimental values, possibly due to the absence of temperature effect in the first-principles calculations. Analyzing the electronic density of states, we propose that the stability of the alpha" phase is controlled by the compromise between the strength of the covalent and metallic bonds.
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18.
  • Luo, Hu-Bin, et al. (författare)
  • Magnetic properties and temperature-dependent half-metallicity of Co2Mn(Ga(1-x)Z(x)) (Z = Si, Ge, Sn) from first-principles calculation
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 25:15, s. 156003-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbitals method in combination with the coherent potential approximation, we investigated the magnetic properties, exchange interactions, and temperature-dependent half-metallicity of the Co2Mn(Ga(1-x)Z(x)) (Z = Si, Ge, Sn) alloys. The total magnetic moment follows perfectly a previously proposed Slater-Pauling relation, i.e., mu(0) = N-t - 24, with N-t being the number of valence electrons. The Co-Mn and Co1-Co2 (inter-sublattice) interactions are dominated by direct exchange, whereas the Co1-Co1 (intra-sublattice) interaction is characterized by superexchange. The Mn-Mn exchange interaction in Co2MnGa is of long-ranged RKKY-type. However, the Mn-Mn exchange interactions in Co(2)MnZ are relatively localized and can be attributed to superexchange. The Co-Mn, Co1-Co2 and Co1-Co1 total exchange interactions increase with x, whereas the Mn-Mn total exchange interactions show convex behavior. The calculated Curie temperature (T-C) increases with x. The ability of Z to enhance T-C follows the sequence of Si > Ge > Sn, in agreement with the experimental findings. The temperature dependence of the spin polarization at the Fermi level [P(T)] is investigated based on the disordered local moment model. P(T) drops abruptly at temperatures much lower than T-C. At temperatures higher than 200 K, the composition with higher TC generally corresponds to larger P(T).
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19.
  • Luo, Hu-Bin, et al. (författare)
  • Phase stability of Ni-2(Mn1-xFex)Ga : A first-principles study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 86:2, s. 024427-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ni-2(Mn1-xFex)Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy shows unusual composition-dependent martensitic transformation temperature (T-M), namely, T-M decreases with increasing e/a ratio. In hope of understanding this unusual behavior, we investigated the composition dependence of the heat of formation (H-f) and shear elastic modulus (C') of the cubic austenite as well as the stability of the five-layer modulated (5M) tetragonal martensite relative to the austenite, using first-principles exact muffin-tin orbital method in combination with coherent potential approximation. Our calculations demonstrated that H-f of the austenite increases with the Fe content x. C' increases slightly with x up to 0.05 but decreases thereafter. The composition dependence of both H-f and C' cannot fully account for the trend of T-M against x although such correlations have been proposed in literature for other Ni-Mn-Ga based alloys. The structure of 5M martensite phase of Ni-2(Mn1-xFex)Ga with 0 < x < 0.2 is determined by optimizing both the shear (changing c/a) and wavelike shuffle of atoms in (110) planes along [1 (1) over bar0] direction adopting the experimentally determined modulation function. The energy difference Delta E-AM between the austenite and 5M phases decreases with increasing x up to 0.05, following the lower Delta E-AM corresponding to lower T-M rule. However, with x larger than 0.05, Delta E-AM increases, against the experimental T-M similar to x behavior. We propose that, if taking the temperature effect and the spin-orbital coupling into account, the Delta E-AM similar to x curve might be altered and may explain the unusual composition dependence of Ni-2(Mn1-xFex)Ga.
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20.
  • Nie, Zhicheng, et al. (författare)
  • Tailoring the d-band center by intermetallic charge-transfer manipulation in bimetal alloy nanoparticle confined in N-doped carbon nanobox for efficient rechargeable Zn-air battery
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 463
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this effort, the electronic-structure modulation strategy through nano-alloying was rationally designed to fabricate Fe-Ni alloy particles embedded in an N-doped carbon nanobox. The as-developed catalyst outperformed the commercialized noble-metal benchmarks with a decent half-wave potential of 0.891 V for ORR and a small overpotential of 325 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for OER both in 0.1 M KOH solution. Beyond that, a highly-efficient regenerative Zn-air battery was also successfully constructed, evidenced by a small potential gap of 0.664 V (between Ej=10 and E1/2), a high specific capacity of 763 mAh/g, a large peak power density of 270 mW/cm2, and robust stability. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical simulation confirmed that the alloying of Ni into Fe could well manipulate the electronic structure, leading to favorable intermetallic charge-transfer and then downshifting the d-band center of Fe adsorption sites, all of which help to significantly lower the reaction barriers of the involved intermediates during the electrocatalytic ORR/OER processes.
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21.
  • Vos, Theo, et al. (författare)
  • Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
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22.
  • Ye, Chen-Qing, et al. (författare)
  • EIS analysis on chloride-induced corrosion behavior of reinforcement steel in simulated carbonated concrete pore solutions
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1572-6657. ; 688, s. 275-281
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The corrosion behavior of reinforcement steel in simulated carbonated concrete pore (SCCP) solution containing different concentrations of chloride was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurements simultaneously, and the topographies of the steel specimens and the elemental distribution at corrosion area were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM)/electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). The results showed the capacitive loop and polarization resistance decreased with chloride increasing. Furthermore, when the chloride concentration reached a critical value, the Bode plots obviously exhibited two phase angle peaks indicating two time constants. However, when the chloride content exceeded a critical value, the phase angle peaks decreased to one phenomenal peak. An equivalent circuit with two RC loops was used to characterize the corrosion behavior of reinforcement steel in SCCP solution according to the measurements of EIS. Based on the dependence of the equivalent circuit elements on chloride content and immersion time, the formation, growth and breakdown of passive film of the steel were discussed. It was found that the EIS evaluation of corrosion behavior for reinforcement steel in SCCP solution was good agreement with the LPR and SEM measurements. The EMPA mapping revealed MnS inclusions at steel surface play a leading role in the initiation of pitting corrosion.
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23.
  • Abbafati, Cristiana, et al. (författare)
  • 2020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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24.
  • 2019
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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25.
  • Chang, Ting-Chia, et al. (författare)
  • Investigation of somatic single nucleotide variations in human endogenous retrovirus elements and their potential association with cancer
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 14:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been investigated for potential links with human cancer. However, the distribution of somatic nucleotide variations in HERV elements has not been explored in detail. This study aims to identify HERV elements with an over-representation of somatic mutations (hot spots) in cancer patients. Four HERV elements with mutation hotspots were identified that overlap with exons of four human protein coding genes. These hotspots were identified based on the significant over-representation (p<8.62e-4) of non-synonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs). These genes are TNN (HERV-9/LTR12), OR4K15 (HERV-IP10F/LTR10F), ZNF99 (HERV-W/HERV17/LTR17), and KIR2DL1 (MST/MaLR). In an effort to identify mutations that effect survival, all nsSNVs were further evaluated and it was found that kidney cancer patients with mutation C2270G in ZNF99 have a significantly lower survival rate (hazard ratio = 2.6) compared to those without it. Among HERV elements in the human non-protein coding regions, we found 788 HERVs with significantly elevated numbers of somatic single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) (p<1.60e-5). From this category the top three HERV elements with significantly over-represented SNVs are HERV-H/LTR7, HERV-9/LTR12 and HERV-L/MLT2. Majority of the SNVs in these 788 HERV elements are located in three DNA functional groups: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (60%), introns (22.2%) and transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBS) (14.8%). This study provides a list of mutational hotspots in HERVs, which could potentially be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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26.
  • Cheng, Erbo, et al. (författare)
  • Porous ZnO/Co3O4/N-doped carbon nanocages synthesized via pyrolysis of complex metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrids as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY. - : INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - 2053-2296. ; 75, s. 969-978
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metal oxides have a large storage capacity when employed as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, they often suffer from poor capacity retention due to their low electrical conductivity and huge volume variation during the charge-discharge process. To overcome these limitations, fabrication of metal oxides/carbon hybrids with hollow structures can be expected to further improve their electrochemical properties. Herein, ZnO-Co3O4 nanocomposites embedded in N-doped carbon (ZnO-Co3O4@N-C) nanocages with hollow dodecahedral shapes have been prepared successfully by the simple carbonizing and oxidizing of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Benefiting from the advantages of the structural features, i.e. the conductive N-doped carbon coating, the porous structure of the nanocages and the synergistic effects of different components, the as-prepared ZnO-Co3O4@N-C not only avoids particle aggregation and nanostructure cracking but also facilitates the transport of ions and electrons. As a result, the resultant ZnO-Co3O4@N-C shows a discharge capacity of 2373 mAh g(-1) at the first cycle and exhibits a retention capacity of 1305 mAh g(-1) even after 300 cycles at 0.1 A g(-1). In addition, a reversible capacity of 948 mAh g(-1) is obtained at a current density of 2 A g(-1), which delivers an excellent high-rate cycle ability.
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27.
  • Deng, Liying, et al. (författare)
  • KCl acts as a flux to assist the growth of sub-millimeter-scale metallic 2D non-layered molybdenum dioxide
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Rare Metals. - 1001-0521 .- 1867-7185. ; In Press
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides (2DMOs), such as MoO2, have made impressive strides in recent years, and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices, optoelectronic devices and lasers has been demonstrated. However, 2DMOs present challenges in their synthesis using conventional methods due to their non-van der Waals nature. We report that KCl acts as a flux to prepare large-area 2DMOs with sub-millimeter scale. We systematically investigate the effects of temperature, homogeneous time and cooling rate on the products in the flux method, demonstrating that in this reaction a saturated homogenous solution is obtained upon the melting of the salt and precursor. Afterward, the cooling rate was adjusted to regulate the thickness of the target crystals, leading to the precipitation of 2D non-layered material from the supersaturated solution; by applying this method, the highly crystalline non-layered 2D MoO2 flakes with so far the largest lateral size of up to sub-millimeter scale (~ 464 μm) were yielded. Electrical studies have revealed that the 2D MoO2 features metallic properties, with an excellent sheet resistance as low as 99 Ω·square−1 at room temperature, and exhibits a property of charge density wave in the measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature. Graphical abstract: TOC (Table of Content) (Figure presented.)
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28.
  • Ding, Shaozhen, et al. (författare)
  • novoPathFinder: a webserver of designing novel-pathway with integrating GEM-model
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 48:W1, s. W477-W487
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To increase the number of value-added chemicals that can be produced by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, constructing metabolic space with novel reactions/pathways is crucial. However, with the large number of reactions that existed in the metabolic space and complicated metabolisms within hosts, identifying novel pathways linking two molecules or heterologous pathways when engineering a host to produce a target molecule is an arduous task. Hence, we built a user-friendly web server, novoPathFinder, which has several features: (i) enumerate novel pathways between two specified molecules without considering hosts; (ii) construct heterologous pathways with known or putative reactions for producing target molecule within Escherichia coli or yeast without giving precursor; (iii) estimate novel pathways with considering several categories, including enzyme promiscuity, Synthetic Complex Score (SCScore) and LD50 of intermediates, overall stoichiometric conversions, pathway length, theoretical yields and thermodynamic feasibility. According to the results, novoPathFinder is more capable to recover experimentally validated pathways when comparing other rule-based web server tools. Besides, more efficient pathways with novel reactions could also be retrieved for further experimental exploration. novoPathFinder is available at http://design.rxnfinder.org/novopathfinder/.
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29.
  • Ellinghaus, David, et al. (författare)
  • Association between variants of PRDM1 and NDP52 and Crohn's disease, based on exome sequencing and functional studies
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 145:2, s. 339-347
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 140 Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility loci. For most loci, the variants that cause disease are not known and the genes affected by these variants have not been identified. We aimed to identify variants that cause CD through detailed sequencing, genetic association, expression, and functional studies.METHODS: We sequenced whole exomes of 42 unrelated subjects with CD and 5 healthy subjects (controls) and then filtered single nucleotide variants by incorporating association results from meta-analyses of CD GWAS and in silico mutation effect prediction algorithms. We then genotyped 9348 subjects with CD, 2868 subjects with ulcerative colitis, and 14,567 control subjects and associated variants analyzed in functional studies using materials from subjects and controls and in vitro model systems.RESULTS: We identified rare missense mutations in PR domain-containing 1 (PRDM1) and associated these with CD. These mutations increased proliferation of T cells and secretion of cytokines on activation and increased expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin. A common CD risk allele, identified in GWAS, correlated with reduced expression of PRDM1 in ileal biopsy specimens and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (combined P = 1.6 x 10(-8)). We identified an association between CD and a common missense variant, Val248Ala, in nuclear domain 10 protein 52 (NDP52) (P = 4.83 x 10(-9)). We found that this variant impairs the regulatory functions of NDP52 to inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activation of genes that regulate inflammation and affect the stability of proteins in Toll-like receptor pathways.CONCLUSIONS: We have extended the results of GWAS and provide evidence that variants in PRDM1 and NDP52 determine susceptibility to CD. PRDM1 maps adjacent to a CD interval identified in GWAS and encodes a transcription factor expressed by T and B cells. NDP52 is an adaptor protein that functions in selective autophagy of intracellular bacteria and signaling molecules, supporting the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of CD.
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30.
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31.
  • Griswold, Max G., et al. (författare)
  • Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 392:10152, s. 1015-1035
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older.Methods: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health.Findings: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week.Interpretation: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.
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32.
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33.
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34.
  • Hu, Li-Peng, et al. (författare)
  • Terbinafine prevents colorectal cancer growth by inducing dNTP starvation and reducing immune suppression
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0024 .- 1525-0016. ; 30:10, s. 3284-3299
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Existing evidence indicates that gut fungal dysbiosis might play a key role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We sought to explore whether reversing the fungal dysbiosis by terbinafine, an approved antifungal drug, might inhibit the development of CRC. A population-based study from Sweden identified a total of 185 patients who received terbinafine after their CRC diagnosis and found that they had a decreased risk of death (hazard ratio=0.50) and metastasis (hazard ratio=0.44) compared with patients without terbinafine administration. In multiple mouse models of CRC, administration of terbinafine decreased the fungal load, the fungus-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion, and the tumor burden. Fecal microbiota transplantation from mice without terbinafine treatment reversed MDSC infiltration and partially restored tumor proliferation. Mechanistically, terbinafine directly impaired tumor cell proliferation by reducing the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) to reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), suppressing the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), resulting in nucleotide synthesis disruption, deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) starvation and cell cycle arrest. Collectively, terbinafine can inhibit CRC by reversing fungal dysbiosis, suppressing tumor cell proliferation, inhibiting fungus-induced MDSC infiltration, and restoring antitumor immune response.
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35.
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36.
  • Hu, Qing-Miao, et al. (författare)
  • Magnetoelastic effects in Ni2Mn1+xGa1-x alloys from first-principles calculations
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 81:6, s. 064108-1-064108-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The magnetic coupling between Mn atoms on Ga sublattice (Mn-Ga) and Mn atoms on Mn sublattice (Mn-Mn) in Ni2Mn1+xGa1-x alloy and its effect on the elastic modulus of the alloy are investigated by the use of first-principles methods. It is shown that, for x = 0.25, the state with antiparallel Mn-Ga-Mn-Mn magnetic coupling is slightly more stable than that with parallel coupling, whereas for x = 0.10, both magnetic states are almost degenerated. For both antiparallel and parallel Mn-Ga-Mn-Mn magnetic couplings, the bulk modulus (B) of Ni2Mn1+xGa1-x deviates from the general e/a-B relationship with e/a being the number of valence electrons per atom. The shear modulus C' versus the martensitic transformation temperature T-M for Ni2Mn1+xGa1-x with antiparallel Mn-Ga-Mn-Mn magnetic coupling is in line with the general C'-T-M relationship for Ni2MnGa-based alloys, in contrast to the case of parallel Mn-Ga-Mn-Mn magnetic coupling.
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37.
  • Hu, Qing-Miao, et al. (författare)
  • Predicting hardness of covalent/ionic solid solution from first-principles theory
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 91:12, s. 121918-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We introduce a hardness formula for the multicomponent covalent and ionic solid solutions. This expression is tested on nitride spinel materials A3N4 (A=C,Si,Ge) and applied to titanium nitrogen carbide (TiN1-xCx with 0<=x<=1), off-stoichiometric transition-metal nitride (TiN1-x and VN1-x with x<=0.25), and B-doped semiconductors (C1-xBx, Si1-xBx, and Ge1-xBx with x<=0.1). In all cases, the theoretical hardness is in good agreement with experiments.
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38.
  • Hu, Qing-Miao, et al. (författare)
  • Site occupancy, magnetic moments, and elastic constants of off-stoichiometric Ni2MnGa from first-principles calculations
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 79:14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The site occupancy and elastic modulus of off-stoichiometric Ni2MnGa alloys are investigated by the use of the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbital method in combination with coherent-potential approximation. The stable site occupancy at 300 K is determined by comparing the free energies of the alloys with different site-occupation configurations. It is shown that, for most of the off-stoichiometric Ni2MnGa, the "normal" site occupation is favorable, i.e., the excess atoms of the rich component occupy the sublattice(s) of the deficient one(s). Nevertheless, for the Ga-rich alloys, the excess Ga atoms have strong tendency to take the Mn sublattice no matter if Mn is deficient or not. Based on the determined site occupancy, the elastic moduli of the off-stoichiometric Ni2MnGa are calculated. We find that, in general, the bulk modulus increases with increasing e/a ratio (i.e., the number of valence electrons per atom). The shear moduli C-' and C-44 change oppositely with e/a ratio: C-' decreases but C-44 increases with increasing e/a. However, the Mn-rich Ga-deficient alloys deviate significantly from this general trend. The correlation of calculated elastic moduli and available experimental martensitic transformation temperatures (T-M) demonstrates that the alloy with larger C-' than that of the perfect Ni2MnGa generally possesses lower T-M except for Ni2Mn1+xGa1-x.
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39.
  • Hu, Qing-Miao, et al. (författare)
  • Theoretical investigation of the omega-related phases in TiAl-Nb/Mo alloys
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 90:5, s. 054109-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The incorporation of cubic beta/beta(0) phase improves significantly the ductility and workability of TiAl-based alloys. However, the ductility deteriorates with the precipitation of the ordered hexagonal omega(0) phase in the beta/beta(0) phase. To avoid the formation of the omega(0) phase in alloy design, fundamentals about the beta/beta(0) to omega(0) phase transition and its alloying element dependence have to be known. In the present work, we investigated the phase transition and phase stability in Ti4Al3Nb and Ti4Al3Mo alloys using a first-principles method based on density functional theory. Our calculations indicate that for the beta(0) to omega(0) transition, the "collapse-diffusion" pathway is easier than the "diffusion-collapse" one; however, both pathways are quite difficult due to the high-energy barriers. The beta(0) to omega '' transition occurs through the "diffusion-collapse" pathway without an energy barrier (except for the activation energy for the short-range diffusion needed for atomic rearrangement). Comparing the total energies of different phases, we find that the omega(0) phase of Ti4Al3Nb is more stable than beta(0) and vice versa for Ti4Al3Mo whereas the relative stability of omega '' to beta(0) for Ti4Al3Nb is stronger than that for Ti4Al3Mo, indicating that the addition of Mo inhibits the transition from the beta(0)- to the omega-related phases in Ti4Al3Nb. Our calculations demonstrate that omega '' is more stable than omega(0) for both Ti4Al3Nb and Ti4Al3Mo, in contrast to the previously proposed picture based on some experimental observations, the possible origins of which are discussed in detail.
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40.
  • Hu, Xian-Ge, et al. (författare)
  • Global transcriptome analysis of Sabina chinensis (Cupressaceae), a valuable reforestation conifer
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Molecular breeding. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1380-3743 .- 1572-9788. ; 36:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sabina chinensis has broad distribution in China and is widely used in the reforestation and as an urban tree. The species is frost resistant and grows well on contaminated soils and is becoming valuable for soil remediation and protection against air pollution. Breeding programs aimed at exploiting the species' unique properties were handicapped by the lack of basic genetic information. Here, we established a transcriptomic profiling study from five different tissues using RNA-Seq to gain insight on the functional genes and the development of molecular markers for breeding and conservation purposes. In total 90,382,108 high-quality sequence reads (similar to 9.0 bp) were obtained, and 116,814 unigenes (>= 200 nt) were assembled. Of which, 45,026 and 15,589 unigenes were mapped to the Nr and KOG databases, 31,288 (26.78 %) and 17,596 (15.06 %) were annotated to GO and KEGG database, respectively. Additionally, 28,843 (24.68 %) and 43,033 (36.84 %) S. chinensis unigenes were aligned to the Pinus taeda draft genome and PLAZA2.5 database, respectively. A total of 4570 simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs were identified in the unigenes. Furthermore, we obtained 6 (12.5 %) polymorphic and 21 (43.75 %) monomorphic loci in the verification of 48 randomly selected SSR loci. This study represents the first transcriptome data of S. chinensis and confirms that the transcriptome assembly data of S. chinensis are a useful resource for EST-SSR loci development. The substantial number of transcripts obtained will aid our understanding of the species adaptation mechanisms and provide valuable genomic information for conservation and breeding applications.
  •  
41.
  • Huang, Ruting, et al. (författare)
  • Construction of SnS2-SnO2 heterojunctions decorated on graphene nanosheets with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY. - : INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - 2053-2296. ; 75, s. 812-821
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heterostructures formed by the growth of one kind of nanomaterial in/on another have attracted increasing attention due to their microstructural characteristics and potential applications. In this work, SnS2-SnO2 heterostructures were successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. Due to the enhanced visible-light absorption and efficient separation of photogenerated holes and electrons, the SnS2-SnO2 heterostructures display excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of rhodamine (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. Additionally, it is found that the introduction of graphene into the heterostructures further improved photocatalytic activity and stability. In particular, the optimized SnS2-SnO2/graphene photocatalyst can degrade 97.1% of RhB within 60 min, which is about 1.38 times greater than that of SnS2-SnO2 heterostructures. This enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the high surface area and the excellent electron accepting and transporting properties of graphene, which served as an acceptor of the generated electrons to suppress charge recombination. These results provide a new insight for the design and development of hybrid photocatalysts.
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42.
  • Huang, Shoushuang, et al. (författare)
  • Construction of Fe-doped NiS-NiS2 Heterostructured Microspheres Via Etching Prussian Blue Analogues for Efficient Water-Urea Splitting
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Small. - : Wiley-V C H Verlag GMBH. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 18:14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Developing efficient and robust non-precious-metal-based catalysts to accelerate electrocatalytic reaction kinetics is crucial for electrochemical water-urea splitting. Herein, Fe-doped NiS-NiS2 heterostructured microspheres, an electrocatalyst, are synthesized via etching Prussian blue analogues following a controlled annealing treatment. The resulting microspheres are constructed by mesoporous nanoplates, granting the virtues of large surface areas, high structural void porosity, and accessible inner surface. These advantages not only provide more redox reaction centers but also strengthen structural robustness and effectively facilitate the mass diffusion and charge transport. Density functional theory simulations validate that the Fe-doping improves the conductivity of nickel sulfides, whereas the NiS-NiS2 heterojunctions induce interface charge rearrangement for optimizing the adsorption free energy of intermediates, resulting in a low overpotential and high electrocatalytic activity. Specifically, an ultralow overpotential of 270 mV at 50 mA cm(-2) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is achieved. After adding 0.33 M urea into 1 M KOH, Fe-doped NiS-NiS2 obtains a strikingly reduced urea oxidation reaction potential of 1.36 V to reach 50 mA cm(-2), around 140 mV less than OER. This work provides insights into the synergistic modulation of electrocatalytic activity of non-noble catalysts for applications in energy conversion systems.
  •  
43.
  • Huang, Shan, et al. (författare)
  • Dipyridamole enhances the anti-cancer ability of aspirin against colorectal cancer by inducing apoptosis in an unfolded protein response-dependent manner
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Cellular Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2211-3428 .- 2211-3436. ; 46:4, s. 953-967
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Available evidence indicates that dipyridamole enhances the anti-thrombotic effects of aspirin for the prevention of secondary strokes. Aspirin is a well-known non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug. This anti-inflammatory property has turned aspirin into a potential drug for inflammation-related cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we aimed to explore whether the anti-cancer effect of aspirin against CRC could be improved by combined administration with dipyridamole.METHODS: Population-based clinical data analysis was conducted to assess a possible therapeutic effect of combined dipyridamole and aspirin treatment in inhibiting CRC compared with either monotherapy. This therapeutic effect was further verified in different CRC mouse models, i.e. an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, an AOM/DSS mouse model, an Apc min/+ mouse model and a patient derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model. The in vitro effects of the drugs on CRC cells were tested using CCK8 and flow cytometry assays. RNA-Seq, Western blotting, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: We found that dipyridamole combined with aspirin had a better inhibitory effect on CRC than either monotherapy alone. The enhanced anti-cancer effect of the combined use of dipyridamole with aspirin was found to rely on the induction of an overwhelmed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR), which was different from the anti-platelet effect.CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the anti-cancer effect of aspirin against CRC may be enhanced by combined administration with dipyridamole. In case further clinical studies confirm our findings, these may be repurposed as adjuvant agents.
  •  
44.
  • Huang, Shoushuang, et al. (författare)
  • ZIF-assisted construction of magnetic multiple core-shell Fe3O4@ZnO@N-doped carbon composites for effective photocatalysis
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0009-2509 .- 1873-4405. ; 209
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Magnetic Fe3O4@ZnO@nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe3O4@ZnO@N-C) composites with multiple core-shell structures have been successfully synthesized by calcination of ZIF-8 coated Fe3O4@ZnO core-shell nanocrystals. The morphologies and microstructural characteristics are investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, physical adsorption of nitrogen, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performances are tested by degrading methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions under the irradiation of imitative sunlight. The photocatalytic trials indicate that the Fe3O4@ZnO@N-C composites exhibit improved degradation efficiency compared to the Fe3O4@ZnO precursor. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the as-prepared Fe3O4@ZnO@N-C composites towards MB are 93% under irradiation of imitative sunlight for 90 min and still maintained to be 87% after 6 recycles, which shows very good stability and recyclability. Nitrogen-doped carbon is believed to extend the absorption spectra to the visible-light region. The photodegradation kinetics via using the as-prepared Fe3O4@ZnO@N-C composite as a novel photocatalyst are systematically investigated. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
45.
  • Ji, Zong-Wei, et al. (författare)
  • Mapping deformation mechanisms in lamellar titanium aluminide
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Acta Materialia. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 144, s. 835-843
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Breakdown of Schmid's law is a long-standing problem for exploring the orientation-dependent deformation mechanism in intermetallics. The lack of atomic-level understanding of the selection rules for the plastic deformation modes has seriously limited designing strong and ductile intermetallics for high-temperature applications. Here we put forward a transparent model solely based on first principles simulations for mapping the deformation modes in gamma-TiAl polysynthetic twinned alloys. The model bridges intrinsic energy barriers and different deformation mechanisms and beautifully resolves the complexity of the observed orientation-dependent deformation mechanisms. Using the model, one can elegantly reveal the atomic-level mechanisms behind the unique channeled flow phenomenon in lamellar TiAl alloys.
  •  
46.
  • Jones, Benedict C, et al. (författare)
  • To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
  •  
47.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
  •  
48.
  • Kristanl, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
  •  
49.
  • Kuang, Chaoyang, et al. (författare)
  • Critical role of additive-induced molecular interaction on the operational stability of perovskite light-emitting diodes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Joule. - : Cell Press. - 2542-4351. ; 5:3, s. 618-630
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite rapid improvements in efficiency and brightness of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the poor operational stability remains a critical challenge hindering their practical applications. Here, we demonstrate greatly improved operational stability of high-efficiency PeLEDs, enabled by incorporating dicarboxylic acids into the precursor for perovskite depositions. We reveal that the dicarboxylic acids efficiently eliminate reactive organic ingredients in perovskite emissive layers through an in situ amidation process, which is catalyzed by the alkaline zinc oxide substrate. The formed stable amides prohibit detrimental reactions between the perovskites and the charge injection layer underneath, stabilizing the perovskites and the interfacial contacts and ensuring the excellent operational stability of the resulting PeLEDs. Through rationally optimizing the amidation reaction in the perovskite emissive layers, we achieve efficient PeLEDs with a peak external quantum efficiency of 18.6% and a long half-life time of 682 h at 20 mA cm(-2), presenting an important breakthrough in PeLEDs.
  •  
50.
  • Lange, Leslie A, et al. (författare)
  • Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Rare and Low-Frequency Coding Variants Associated with LDL Cholesterol.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 94:2, s. 233-245
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a treatable, heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 157 variants associated with lipid levels but are not well suited to assess the impact of rare and low-frequency variants. To determine whether rare or low-frequency coding variants are associated with LDL-C, we exome sequenced 2,005 individuals, including 554 individuals selected for extreme LDL-C (>98(th) or <2(nd) percentile). Follow-up analyses included sequencing of 1,302 additional individuals and genotype-based analysis of 52,221 individuals. We observed significant evidence of association between LDL-C and the burden of rare or low-frequency variants in PNPLA5, encoding a phospholipase-domain-containing protein, and both known and previously unidentified variants in PCSK9, LDLR and APOB, three known lipid-related genes. The effect sizes for the burden of rare variants for each associated gene were substantially higher than those observed for individual SNPs identified from GWASs. We replicated the PNPLA5 signal in an independent large-scale sequencing study of 2,084 individuals. In conclusion, this large whole-exome-sequencing study for LDL-C identified a gene not known to be implicated in LDL-C and provides unique insight into the design and analysis of similar experiments.
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