| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 7. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andreoni, I., et al.
(författare)
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Follow Up of GW170817 and Its Electromagnetic Counterpart by Australian-Led Observing Programmes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Publications Astronomical Society of Australia. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1323-3580 .- 1448-6083. ; 34
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave signal has generated follow-up observations by over 50 facilities world-wide, ushering in the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. In this paper, we present follow-up observations of the gravitational wave event GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart SSS17a/DLT17ck (IAU label AT2017gfo) by 14 Australian telescopes and partner observatories as part of Australian-based and Australian-led research programs. We report early- to late-time multi-wavelength observations, including optical imaging and spectroscopy, mid-infrared imaging, radio imaging, and searches for fast radio bursts. Our optical spectra reveal that the transient source emission cooled from approximately 6 400 K to 2 100 K over a 7-d period and produced no significant optical emission lines. The spectral profiles, cooling rate, and photometric light curves are consistent with the expected outburst and subsequent processes of a binary neutron star merger. Star formation in the host galaxy probably ceased at least a Gyr ago, although there is evidence for a galaxy merger. Binary pulsars with short (100 Myr) decay times are therefore unlikely progenitors, but pulsars like PSR B1534+12 with its 2.7 Gyr coalescence time could produce such a merger. The displacement (similar to 2.2 kpc) of the binary star system from the centre of the main galaxy is not unusual for stars in the host galaxy or stars originating in the merging galaxy, and therefore any constraints on the kick velocity imparted to the progenitor are poor.
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| 10. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2016 Challenge Results
- 2016
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Ingår i: COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2016 WORKSHOPS, PT II. - Cham : SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG. - 9783319488813 - 9783319488806 ; , s. 777-823
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2016 aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 70 trackers are presented, with a large number of trackers being published at major computer vision conferences and journals in the recent years. The number of tested state-of-the-art trackers makes the VOT 2016 the largest and most challenging benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the Appendix. The VOT2016 goes beyond its predecessors by (i) introducing a new semi-automatic ground truth bounding box annotation methodology and (ii) extending the evaluation system with the no-reset experiment.
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| 11. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 12. |
- Morawska, Lidia, et al.
(författare)
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The state of science on severe air pollution episodes : Quantitative and qualitative analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6750 .- 0160-4120. ; 156, s. 106732-106732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe episodic air pollution blankets entire cities and regions and have a profound impact on humans and their activities. We compiled daily fine particle (PM2.5) data from 100 cities in five continents, investigated the trends of number, frequency, and duration of pollution episodes, and compared these with the baseline trend in air pollution. We showed that the factors contributing to these events are complex; however, long-term measures to abate emissions from all anthropogenic sources at all times is also the most efficient way to reduce the occurrence of severe air pollution events. In the short term, accurate forecasting systems of such events based on the meteorological conditions favouring their occurrence, together with effective emergency mitigation of anthropogenic sources, may lessen their magnitude and/or duration. However, there is no clear way of preventing events caused by natural sources affected by climate change, such as wildfires and desert dust outbreaks.
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| 13. |
- Tian, Yu-peng, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, crystal structure and NLO properties of a novel ruthenium(II) complex with unusual coordination mode
- 2005
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Ingår i: Transition metal chemistry (Weinheim). - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0340-4285 .- 1572-901X. ; 30:7, s. 778-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new Schiff base 4-[N-hydroxyethyl-N-(methyl)amino]benzaldehyde S-methyl dithiocarbazate (HL, where H is a dissociable proton) and the ruthenium complex [Ru(bpy)2L]PF6 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been synthesized. The structural determinations of the ligand and its ruthenium complex, by X-ray crystallography, show that the ligand is coordinated as a monoanionic bidentate N, S-donor, forming a four-member chelate ring with a bite angle of 65.91°. The complex shows intense MLCT transitions in the visible region. Fluorescent and electrochemical properties have been also studied. The complex in DMF solution exhibited a strong two-photon absorption (t.p.a.) at 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses. The t.p.a. coefficient β, t.p.a. cross-section σ and the third-order optical nonlinearity χ(3) of the complex and the ligand have been determined by the Z-scan technique.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Yang, Mei Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Expression and activity of critical digestive enzymes during early larval development of the veined rapa whelk, Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486. ; 519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metamorphosis is a vital developmental event in the life cycle of molluscs and involves extensive morphological and physiological changes. Remodeling of the digestive system is suggested to occur anticipatorily to enable the larva to shift its diet (from filter feeding on microalgae to feeding on small bivalves) after metamorphosis. Changes in the profiles and activities of digestive enzymes, the main executors of digestion, can reflect substantial remodeling of the digestive system. Artificial aquaculture of Rapana venosa, an important commercial shellfish in China, has been hampered because the transition of its food habit during metamorphosis makes determining the timing and dose for bait regulation difficult. In the present study, full-length cDNA sequences encoding cellulase and trypsin were characterized, and cellulase and trypsin mRNA expression levels were analyzed. Additionally, patterns in the activities of six digestive enzymes, including trypsin and cellulase, were investigated throughout the early developmental stage of R. venosa. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of the cellulase gene, comprising 2,086 bp, was found to contain a 1,719-bp open reading frame encoding 572 amino acids, and the full-length cDNA of the trypsin gene was found to be 1,587 bp in length and contained an 855-bp open reading frame encoding 284 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the cellulase levels in R. venosa increased beginning at the early intramembrane veliger stage, whereas cellulase activity was significantly increased in the one-spiral whorl stage. The mRNA expression and activity of trypsin were greatly increased in the juvenile stage (postlarva), whereas those of cellulase were decreased during this stage, which indicated functional changes in the digestive system during larval food habit transition. Our results showed that remodeling of the digestive system occurs prior to metamorphosis and suggest that animal bait should be provided as early as possible to R. venosa in the four-spiral whorl stage to meet its nutritional requirements for the development of its digestive system and to ensure successful metamorphosis of competent larvae.
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| 16. |
- Yu, Zheng Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental water flow can boost foraging success of the juvenile rapa whelk Rapana venosa (Muricidae) in aquaculture tanks with still or flowing water : Indication of chemosensory foraging
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486. ; 513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial breeding of Rapana venosa has been attempted in China, but the high mortality rate of rapa whelk juveniles (10–40 mm) seriously restricts the breeding success of this species in artificial cultivation and the overall aquaculture industry, and thus the scale of industrialization is far from being realized. One main factor was found to contribute to this high mortality rate: the low predation efficiency of juveniles. We studied the foraging behavior of various sized R. venosa juveniles in still, flowing, and circulating water, with the juveniles being positioned either upstream or downstream from the prey in the flowing water experiments. Our findings demonstrated that the distance between juveniles and prey in still water significantly restricted the ability of juveniles to locate food, but water flow significantly enhanced this ability. In addition, the small-sized juveniles were found to be more active predators than the larger sized juveniles. Our findings demonstrated that circulating water flow is important to improve the survival and growth rate of juveniles in R. venosa cultures. Our results broaden the understanding of chemical orientation in gastropods and can be used to develop or improve commercial breeding strategies for R. venosa.
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| 17. |
-
- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(författare)
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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
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| 19. |
- Barucca, G., et al.
(författare)
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The potential of Λ and Ξ- studies with PANDA at FAIR
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯ p→ Λ¯ Λ and p¯ p→ Ξ¯ +Ξ-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 22. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 23. |
- Bergmann, Berglind, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-treatment with IL2 gene therapy alleviates Staphylococcus aureus arthritis in mice.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC infectious diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) arthritis is one of the most detrimental joint diseases known and leads to severe joint destruction within days. We hypothesized that the provision of auxiliary immunoregulation via an expanded compartment of T regulatory cells (Tregs) could dampen detrimental aspects of the host immune response whilst preserving its protective nature. Administration of low-dose interleukin 2 (IL2) preferentially expands Tregs, and is being studied as a treatment choice in several autoimmune conditions. We aimed to evaluate the role of IL2 and Tregs in septic arthritis using a well-established mouse model of haematogenously spred S. aureus arthritis.C57BL/6 or NMRI mice we intravenously (iv) injected with a defined dose of S. aureus LS-1 or Newman and the role of IL2 and Tregs were assessed by the following approaches: IL2 was endogenously delivered by intraperitoneal injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector (rAAV) before iv S. aureus inoculation; Tregs were depleted before and during S. aureus arthritis using antiCD25 antibodies; Tregs were adoptively transferred before induction of S. aureus arthritis and finally, recombinant IL2 was used as a treatment starting day 3 after S. aureus injection. Studied outcomes included survival, weight change, bacterial clearance, and joint damage.Expansion of Tregs induced by IL2 gene therapy prior to disease onset does not compromise host resistance to S. aureus infection, as the increased proportions of Tregs reduced the arthritis severity as well as the systemic inflammatory response, while simultaneously preserving the host's ability to clear the infection.Pre-treatment with IL2 gene therapy dampens detrimental immune responses but preserves appropriate host defense, which alleviates S. aureus septic arthritis in a mouse model.
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| 24. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 25. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 26. |
- Cao, Ri-hong, et al.
(författare)
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Failure and Mechanical Behavior of Transversely Isotropic Rock under Compression-Shear Tests : Laboratory Testing and Numerical Simulation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - : Elsevier. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The failure and mechanical behavior of transversely isotropic rock are significantly affected by the original bedding planes. Until now, few studies have been performed to investigate the influence of the geometrical and mechanical parameters of the bedding planes on the fracture characteristics of transversely isotropic rocks under planar shear fracture loading conditions. For this purpose, experimental and numerical compression-shear tests on double-notched specimens are conducted to investigate the fracturing characteristics of transversely isotropic rock under planar shear fracture loading. The experimental study that focuses on the influence of bedding plane inclination on fracture load, fracture pattern and AE evolution, and six inclination angles is conducted in this study. Based on the flat joint contact model (for the rock matrix) and smooth joint contact model (for the original bedding plane) in PFC2D (particle flow code), the microscale fracturing process of transversely isotropic rock with different inclinations is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the inclination has an important influence on the fracture load and fracture pattern, and the maximum and minimum fracture loads are obtained for specimens with inclination angles of 30° and 60°, respectively. Moreover, the strength and spacing of the original bedding planes also play an important role in fracture loads. Higher bedding plane strength and wider bedding plane spacing result in higher fracture loads. In addition, with a moderate inclination angle, transversely isotropic rock with higher bedding plane strength tends to form cracks that cut through the rock matrix. However, with the decrease in the bedding plane strength, more fractures form along the bedding planes.
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| 27. |
- Chen, Pengfei, et al.
(författare)
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Carbonaceous aerosol transport from the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the Himalayas : Carbon isotope evidence and light absorption characteristics
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Geoscience Frontiers. - : Elsevier BV. - 1674-9871. ; 14:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is a major regional and global emitter of atmospheric pollutants, which adversely affect surrounding areas such as the Himalayas. We present a comprehensive dataset on carbonaceous aerosol (CA) composition, radiocarbon (Δ14C) -based source apportionment, and light absorption of total suspended particle (TSP) samples collected over a 3-year period from high-altitude Jomsom in the central Himalayas. The 3-year mean TSP, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were 92.0 ± 28.6, 9.74 ± 6.31, and 2.02 ± 1.35 μg m−3, respectively, with the highest concentrations observed during the pre-monsoon season, followed by the post-monsoon, winter, and monsoon seasons. The Δ14C analysis revealed that the contribution of fossil fuel combustion (ffossil) to EC was 47.9% ± 11.5%, which is consistent with observations in urban and remote regions in South Asia and attests that EC likely arrives in Jomsom from upwind IGP sources via long-range transport. In addition, the lowest ffossil (38.7% ± 13.3%) was observed in winter, indicating large contributions in this season from local biomass burning. The mass absorption cross-section of EC (MACEC: 8.27 ± 1.76 m2/g) and water-soluble organic carbon (MACWSOC: 0.98 ± 0.45 m2/g) were slightly higher and lower than those reported in urban regions, respectively, indicating that CA undergo an aging process. Organic aerosol coating during transport and variation of biomass burning probably led to the seasonal variation in MAC of two components. Overall, WSOC contributed considerably to the light absorption (11.1% ± 4.23%) of EC. The findings suggest that to protect glaciers of the Himalayas from pollution-related melting, it is essential to mitigate emissions from the IGP.
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| 28. |
- Chen, Pan, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the Contribution of the Dispersion Interaction and Hydrogen Bonding to the Anisotropic Elastic Properties of Chitin and Chitosan
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 23:4, s. 1633-1642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The elastic tensors of chitin and chitosan allomorphs were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) with and without the dispersion correction and compared with experimental values. The longitudinal Young's moduli were 114.9 or 126.9 GPa for alpha-chitin depending on the hydrogen bond pattern: 129.0 GPa for beta-chitin and 191.5 GPa for chitosan. Furthermore, the moduli were found to vary between 17.0 and 52.8 GPa in the transverse directions and between 2.2 and 15.2 GPa in shear. Switching off the dispersion correction led to a decrease in modulus by up to 63%, depending on the direction. The transverse Young's moduli of a-chitin strongly depended on the hydroxylmethyl group conformation coupled with the dispersion correction, suggesting a synergy between hydrogen bonding and dispersion interactions. The calculated longitudinal Young's moduli were, in general, higher than experimental values obtained in static conditions, and the Poisson's ratios were lower than experimental values obtained in static conditions.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Chen, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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The thermodynamics of enhanced dope stability of cellulose solution in NaOH solution by urea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 311, s. 120744-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The addition of urea in pre-cooled alkali aqueous solution is known to improve the dope stability of cellulose solution. However, its thermodynamic mechanism at a molecular level is not fully understood yet. By using molecular dynamics simulation of an aqueous NaOH/urea/cellulose system using an empirical force field, we found that urea was concentrated in the first solvation shell of the cellulose chain stabilized mainly by dispersion interaction. When adding a glucan chain into the solution, the total solvent entropy reduction is smaller if urea is present. Each urea molecule expelled an average of 2.3 water molecules away from the cellulose surface, releasing water entropy that over-compensates the entropy loss of urea and thus maximizing the total entropy. Scaling the Lennard-Jones parameter and atomistic partial charge of urea revealed that direct urea/cellulose interaction was also driven by dispersion energy. The mixing of urea solution and cellulose solution in the presence or absence of NaOH are both exothermic even after correcting for the contribution from dilution.
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| 31. |
- Cheng, Anying, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic performance of initial blood urea nitrogen combined with D-dimer levels for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : ELSEVIER. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 56:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crude mortality rate in critical pneumonia cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reaches 49%. This study aimed to test whether levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in combination with D-dimer were predictors of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. The clinical characteristics of 305 COVID19 patients were analysed and were compared between the survivor and non-survivor groups. Of the 305 patients, 85 (27.9%) died and 220 (72.1%) were discharged from hospital. Compared with discharged cases, non-survivor cases were older and their BUN and D-dimer levels were significantly higher ( P < 0.0 0 01). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariable Cox regression analyses identified BUN and D-dimer levels as independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that elevated levels of BUN and D-dimer were associated with increased mortality (logrank, P 0.0 0 01). The area under the curve for BUN combined with D-dimer was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90-0.97), with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 91%. Based on BUN and D-dimer levels on admission, a nomogram model was developed that showed good discrimination, with a concordance index of 0.94. Together, initial BUN and D-dimer levels were associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. The combination of BUN 4.6 mmol/L and D-dimer > 0.845 mu g/mL appears to identify patients at high risk of in-hospital mortality, therefore it may prove to be a powerful risk assessment tool for severe COVID-19 patients. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Danielsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical and transcriptional responses of Norway spruce genotypes with different susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp. infection
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Plant Biology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2229. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the most important conifer species in Europe. The wood is economically important and infections by wood-rotting fungi cause substantial losses to the industry. The first line of defence in a Norway spruce tree is the bark. It is a very efficient barrier against infection based on its mechanical and chemical properties. Once an injury or an infection is recognized by the tree, induced defences are activated. In this study we examined transcriptional response, using 454-sequencing, and chemical profiles in bark of Norway spruce trees with different susceptibility to Heterobasidion annosum s.l. infection. The aim was to find associations between the transcriptome and chemical profiles to the level of susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp. in Norway spruce genotypes.Results: Both terpene and phenol compositions were analysed and at 28 days post inoculation (dpi) high levels of 3-carene was produced in response to H. annosum. However, significant patterns relating to inoculation or to genotypes with higher or lower susceptibility could only be found in the phenol fraction. The levels of the flavonoid catechin, which is polymerized into proanthocyanidins (PA), showed a temporal variation; it accumulated between 5 and 15 dpi in response to H. annosum infection in the less susceptible genotypes. The transcriptome data suggested that the accumulation of free catechin was preceded by an induction of genes in the flavonoid and PA biosynthesis pathway such as leucoanthocyanidin reductase. Quantitative PCR analyses verified the induction of genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway. The qPCR data also highlighted genotype-dependent differences in the transcriptional regulation of these pathways.Conclusions: The varying dynamics in transcriptional and chemical patterns displayed by the less susceptible genotypes suggest that there is a genotypic variation in successful spruce defence strategies against Heterobasidion. However, both high levels of piceasides and flavonoids in the less susceptible genotypes suggested the importance of the phenolic compounds in the defence. Clearly an extended comparison of the transcriptional responses in the interaction with Heterobasidion between several independent genotypes exhibiting reduced susceptibility is needed to catalogue mechanisms of successful host defence strategies.
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| 34. |
- Deleniv, Anatoli, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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LTCC compatible ferroelectric phase shifters
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. - 0149-645X. ; 1, s. 599-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two phase shifters with novel topologies are presented. The phase shifters are based on LTCC compatible ferroelectric films with er=200, and tand=0.04 at 10 GHz. A Ku-band phase shifter is designed to provide DC bias independent matching in the wide frequency range. It has microstrip design where ferroelectric film is used as a substrate and requires relatively low DC bias voltages. The phase shifter showed -15dB matching in 50% bandwidth and 15deg/dB figure of merit. In X-band phase shifter the ferroelectric film is deposited on the low permittivity substrate. Using such two layered substrate a loaded line phase shifter based on coplanar-plate varactors is realized. The varactors are included in the circuit ground and are connected with the microstrip using vias. This designed allows reduction of overall loss due to more efficient use of ferroelectric. The figure of merit of this phase shifter is 20deg/dB at 10 GHz
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| 35. |
- Deshmukh, Megshree, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression of S100a8/a9 predicts Staphylococcus aureus-induced septic arthritis in mice.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in microbiology. - 1664-302X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Septic arthritis is the most aggressive joint disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The interplay of the host immune system with the invading pathogens impacts the pathophysiology of septic arthritis. Early antibiotic treatment is crucial for a better prognosis to save the patients from severe bone damage and later joint dysfunction. To date, there are no specific predictive biomarkers for septic arthritis. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified S100a8/a9 genes to be highly expressed in septic arthritis compared to non-septic arthritis at the early course of infection in an Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis mouse model. Importantly, downregulation of S100a8/a9 mRNA expression at the early course of infection was noticed in mice infected with the S. aureus Sortase A/B mutant strain totally lacking arthritogenic capacity compared with the mice infected with parental S. aureus arthritogenic strain. The mice infected intra-articularly with the S. aureus arthritogenic strain significantly increased S100a8/a9 protein expression levels in joints over time. Intriguingly, the synthetic bacterial lipopeptide Pam2CSK4 was more potent than Pam3CSK4 in inducing S100a8/a9 release upon intra-articular injection of these lipopeptides into the mouse knee joints. Such an effect was dependent on the presence of monocytes/macrophages. In conclusion, S100a8/a9 gene expression may serve as a potential biomarker to predict septic arthritis, enabling the development of more effective treatment strategies.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Ding, Jiangwei, et al.
(författare)
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All Roads Lead to Rome? : Genes Causing Dravet Syndrome and Dravet Syndrome-Like Phenotypes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy mainly caused by haploinsufficiency of the gene SCN1A, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1. 1 in the brain. While SCN1A mutations are known to be the primary cause of DS, other genes that may cause DS are poorly understood. Several genes with pathogenic mutations result in DS or DS-like phenotypes, which may require different drug treatment approaches. Therefore, it is urgent for clinicians, especially epilepsy specialists to fully understand these genes involved in DS in addition to SCN1A. Particularly for healthcare providers, a deep understanding of these pathogenic genes is useful in properly selecting and adjusting drugs in a more effective and timely manner.Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify genes other than SCN1A that may also cause DS or DS-like phenotypes. Methods: A comprehensive search of relevant Dravet syndrome and severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy was performed in PubMed, until December 1, 2021. Two independent authors performed the screening for potentially eligible studies. Disagreements were decided by a third, more professional researcher or by all three. The results reported by each study were narratively summarized.Results: A PubMed search yielded 5,064 items, and other sources search 12 records. A total of 29 studies published between 2009 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the included articles, seven studies on PCDH19, three on SCN2A, two on SCN8A, five on SCN1B, two on GABRA1, three on GABRB3, three on GABRG2, and three on STXBP1 were included. Only one study was recorded for CHD2, CPLX1, HCN1 and KCNA2, respectively. It is worth noting that a few articles reported on more than one epilepsy gene.Conclusion: DS is not only identified in variants of SCN1A, but other genes such as PCDH19, SCN2A, SCN8A, SCN1B, GABRA1, GABRB3, GABRG2, KCNA2, CHD2, CPLX1, HCN1A, STXBP1 can also be involved in DS or DS-like phenotypes. As genetic testing becomes more widely available, more genes associated with DS and DS-like phenotypes may be identified and gene-based diagnosis of subtypes of phenotypes in this spectrum may improve the management of these diseases in the future.
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| 39. |
- Ding, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy consumption, systolic blood pressure, and risk of hypertension : Mendelian randomization study
- 2017
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138. ; 356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To examine whether previous observed inverse associations of dairy intake with systolic blood pressure and risk of hypertension were causal. DESIGN Mendelian randomization study using the single nucleotide polymorphism rs4988235 related to lactase persistence as an instrumental variable. SETTING CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium. PARTICIPANTS Data from 22 studies with 171 213 participants, and an additional 10 published prospective studies with 26 119 participants included in the observational analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The instrumental variable estimation was conducted using the ratio of coefficients approach. Using metaanalysis, an additional eight published randomized clinical trials on the association of dairy consumption with systolic blood pressure were summarized. RESULTS Compared with the CC genotype (CC is associated with complete lactase deficiency), the CT/TT genotype (TT is associated with lactose persistence, and CT is associated with certain lactase deficiency) of LCT-13910 (lactase persistence gene) rs4988235 was associated with higher dairy consumption (0.23 (about 55 g/day), 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.29) serving/day; P<0.001) and was not associated with systolic blood pressure (0.31, 95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.68 mm Hg; P=0.09) or risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.05; P=0.27). Using LCT-13910 rs4988235 as the instrumental variable, genetically determined dairy consumption was not associated with systolic blood pressure (beta=1.35, 95% confidence interval -0.28 to 2.97 mm Hg for each serving/day) or risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.04, 0.88 to 1.24). Moreover, meta-analysis of the published clinical trials showed that higher dairy intake has no significant effect on change in systolic blood pressure for interventions over one month to 12 months (intervention compared with control groups: beta=-0.21, 95% confidence interval -0.98 to 0.57 mm Hg). In observational analysis, each serving/day increase in dairy consumption was associated with -0.11 (95% confidence interval -0.20 to -0.02 mm Hg; P=0.02) lower systolic blood pressure but not risk of hypertension (odds ratio 0.98, 0.97 to 1.00; P=0.11). CONCLUSION The weak inverse association between dairy intake and systolic blood pressure in observational studies was not supported by a comprehensive instrumental variable analysis and systematic review of existing clinical trials.
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| 40. |
- Duan, Yongchang, et al.
(författare)
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Swimming exercise ameliorates hypertension-induced kidney dysfunction via alleviating renal interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Kidney and Blood Pressure Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0143 .- 1420-4096. ; 46:2, s. 219-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hypertensive nephropathy is one of the major causes of ESRD. Exercise has been considered a nonpathological therapy for hypertension and its complications, yet mechanisms remain unclear. We sought to investigate whether periodic swimming could ameliorate hypertension-induced kidney dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Four-week male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into the hypertension group (SHR, n = 8) and exercise group (SE, n = 8, 60 min swimming/day, 6 days per week, for 8 weeks). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 8) were served as a sedentary normotensive group. Bodyweight and blood pressure (BP) were recorded weekly. After 8-week sedentary or swimming exercise, lipids profile, BUN, and Cr were measured. The renal interstitial fibrosis was examined by the histopathological analysis using Masson's trichrome staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The kidney cell apoptosis was tested by TUNEL staining. The expressions of critical proteins responsible for the TGF-β1/Smad signaling of fibrosis, that is, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, and Smad7, as well as apoptosis related proteins, Bax and Bcl-2 in kidney cortex tissues were measured. Results: The 8-week swimming exercise reduced BP and bodyweight, lowered concentrations of BUN, and serum Cr, compared with SHR. Exercise remarkably inhibited hypertension-induced tubular degeneration, cellular cluster, and tubular cell swelling as well as glomerular degeneration in the kidney cortical tissues, attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis, and renal cell apoptosis. Moreover, expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, and Bax were higher in the SHR than the WKY, which were significantly suppressed by the exercise. In contrast, hypertension-reduced expressions of Smad7 and Bcl-2 were enhanced by the swimming exercise. Strong correlations were found between kidney function indices, blood lipids, and key protein expressions. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate beneficial effects of the periodic swimming on ameliorating hypertension-induced kidney dysfunction highlighting the potential of swimming exercise as a nonpathological therapy for early prevention of hypertension-caused kidney diseases.
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| 41. |
- Ellinghaus, David, et al.
(författare)
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Association between variants of PRDM1 and NDP52 and Crohn's disease, based on exome sequencing and functional studies
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 145:2, s. 339-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 140 Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility loci. For most loci, the variants that cause disease are not known and the genes affected by these variants have not been identified. We aimed to identify variants that cause CD through detailed sequencing, genetic association, expression, and functional studies.METHODS: We sequenced whole exomes of 42 unrelated subjects with CD and 5 healthy subjects (controls) and then filtered single nucleotide variants by incorporating association results from meta-analyses of CD GWAS and in silico mutation effect prediction algorithms. We then genotyped 9348 subjects with CD, 2868 subjects with ulcerative colitis, and 14,567 control subjects and associated variants analyzed in functional studies using materials from subjects and controls and in vitro model systems.RESULTS: We identified rare missense mutations in PR domain-containing 1 (PRDM1) and associated these with CD. These mutations increased proliferation of T cells and secretion of cytokines on activation and increased expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin. A common CD risk allele, identified in GWAS, correlated with reduced expression of PRDM1 in ileal biopsy specimens and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (combined P = 1.6 x 10(-8)). We identified an association between CD and a common missense variant, Val248Ala, in nuclear domain 10 protein 52 (NDP52) (P = 4.83 x 10(-9)). We found that this variant impairs the regulatory functions of NDP52 to inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activation of genes that regulate inflammation and affect the stability of proteins in Toll-like receptor pathways.CONCLUSIONS: We have extended the results of GWAS and provide evidence that variants in PRDM1 and NDP52 determine susceptibility to CD. PRDM1 maps adjacent to a CD interval identified in GWAS and encodes a transcription factor expressed by T and B cells. NDP52 is an adaptor protein that functions in selective autophagy of intracellular bacteria and signaling molecules, supporting the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of CD.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Fan, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Paper test strip for silver ions detection in drinking water samples based on combined fluorometric and colorimetric methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 1878-5352 .- 1878-5379. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a portable silver ion (Ag+) sensor was fabricated based on a dual signal output system using black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) as probes. It is the first work for Ag+ detection using paper test strip based on BPQDs. The color change of BPQDs paper sensor for the determination of Ag+ was easily identified by naked eye. BPQDs were synthesized from bulk black phosphorus (BP) by mechanical exfoliation combined with a solvothermal method. BPQDs exhibited blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 8.82 %. The fluorescence of BPQDs can be quenched by Ag+, and the absorbance of BPQDs is increased with increasing Ag+ concentration. The mechanism of the interaction between BPQDs and Ag+ involving fluorescence quenching and bonding was investigated by experimental and computational methods. The detection limit of Ag+ was 1.56 μg/mL and 0.19 μg/mL using fluorometry and colorimetry methods, respectively. A portable visual sensor based on paper test strip was constructed for Ag+ detection using the colorimetric approach. The strategy was employed to determine Ag+ successfully in drinking water samples. Therefore, the proposed portable Ag+ sensor can be potentially utilized for the lab-free analysis of drinking water and even dietary samples.
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| 44. |
- Fang, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Depression Prevalence in Postgraduate Students and Its Association With Gait Abnormality
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 174425-174437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, an increasing number of university students are found to be at high risk of depression. Through a large scale depression screening, this paper finds that around 6.5% of the university postgraduate students in China experience depression. We then investigate whether the gait patterns of these individuals have already changed as depression is suggested to associate with gait abnormality. Significant differences are found in several spatiotemporal, kinematic and postural gait parameters such as walking speed, stride length, head movement, vertical head posture, arm swing, and body sway, between the depressed and non-depressed groups. Applying these features to classifiers with different machine learning algorithms, we examine whether natural gait analysis may serve as a convenient and objective tool to assist in depression recognition. The results show that when using a random forest classifier, the two groups can be classified automatically with a maximum accuracy of 91.58%. Furthermore, a reasonable accuracy can already be achieved by using parameters from the upper body alone, indicating that upper body postures and movements can effectively contribute to depression analysis.
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| 45. |
- Felsberg, Michael, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Thermal Infrared Visual Object Tracking VOT-TIR2016 Challenge Results
- 2016
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2016 Workshops. ECCV 2016.. - Cham : SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG. - 9783319488813 - 9783319488806 ; , s. 824-849
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Thermal Infrared Visual Object Tracking challenge 2016, VOT-TIR2016, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that work on thermal infrared (TIR) sequences and do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. VOT-TIR2016 is the second benchmark on short-term tracking in TIR sequences. Results of 24 trackers are presented. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. The VOT-TIR2016 challenge is similar to the 2015 challenge, the main difference is the introduction of new, more difficult sequences into the dataset. Furthermore, VOT-TIR2016 evaluation adopted the improvements regarding overlap calculation in VOT2016. Compared to VOT-TIR2015, a significant general improvement of results has been observed, which partly compensate for the more difficult sequences. The dataset, the evaluation kit, as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Feng, RM, et al.
(författare)
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Leukocyte and Platelet Related Inflammatory Indicators and Risk of Carotid and Femoral Plaques: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Southeast China
- 2024
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Ingår i: Angiology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1940-1574 .- 0003-3197. ; 75:1, s. 79-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The associations between several blood inflammatory indicators and risk of vascular plaques remain inconclusive. A total of 4596 native rural residents in Southeast China were enrolled from the Fuqing cohort study. Blood cell counts and their composite indexes including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and 2 novel indicators (systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and systemic immune inflammation response index (SIRI)) were considered as inflammatory indicators. Common carotid and femoral intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques were assessed using B-mode ultrasound. Unconditional or multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate potential associations. The prevalence of multiple femoral plaques (defined as IMT ≥1.5 mm) was significantly higher among participants with the highest tertile of total leukocyte count (odds ratio, 1.78), neutrophil count (1.88), monocyte count (2.51), platelet count (1.68), NLR (1.93), PLR (1.57), SII (2.10), and SIRI (2.94). Higher levels of neutrophil count, platelet count, NLR, and SII were also found to have significant linear dose-response relationships with the prevalence of stenosis, especially in femoral arteries. In conclusion, several blood inflammatory biomarkers may contribute to, or are associated with, the presence of IMT ≥1.5 mm or stenosis especially in femoral arteries.
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| 48. |
- Fu, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and its specific components on blood pressure and hypertension incidence
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environment International. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiological evidence on the association of PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) and its specific components with hypertension and blood pressure is limited. Methods: We applied information of participants from the World Health Organization's (WHO) Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) to estimate the associations of long-term PM2.5 mass and its chemical components exposure with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension incidence in Chinese adults ≥ 50 years during 2007–2018. Generalized linear mixed model and Cox proportional hazard model were applied to investigate the effects of PM2.5 mass and its chemical components on the incidence of hypertension and BP, respectively. Results: Each interquartile range (IQR = 16.80 μg/m3) increase in the one-year average of PM2.5 mass concentration was associated with a 17 % increase in the risk of hypertension (HR = 1.17, 95 % CI: 1.10, 1.24), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) was 23.44 % (95 % CI: 14.69 %, 31.55 %). Each IQR μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was also related to increases of systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 2.54 mmHg (95 % CI:1.99, 3.10), and of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 1.36 mmHg (95 % CI: 1.04, 1.68). Additionally, the chemical components of SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OM, and BC were also positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension incidence and elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: These results indicate that long-term exposure to PM2.5 mass and its specific components may be major drivers of escalation in hypertension diseases.
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| 49. |
- Geng, Xiongfei, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring High-energy Emission from the BL Lacertae Object S5 0716+714 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 904:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of an extensive gamma-ray data analysis of the emission from the blazar S5 0716+714 with the primary motivation to study its temporal and spectral variability behavior. In this work, we extract a 10 days binned gamma-ray light curve from 2008 August 4 to 2016 April 27 in the energy range of 0.1-300 GeV and identify six outburst periods with peak flux of >4 x 10(-7) ph cm(-2) s(-1) from this highly variable source. The brightest flares are identified by zooming in these outburst periods to 1 day binning and using the Bayesian Blocks algorithm. The fastest variability timescale is found to be 1.5 0.3 hr at MJD 57128.01 0.01 with a peak flux above 100 MeV of (26.8 6.9) x 10(-7) ph cm(-2) s(-1). No hint of periodic modulations has been detected for the light curve of S5 0716+714. During the outburst phases, the gamma-ray spectrum shows an obvious spectral break with a break energy between 0.93 and 6.90 GeV energies, which may be caused by an intrinsic break in the energy distribution of radiating particles. The five highest-energy photons, with E > 100 GeV, imply that the high-energy emission from this source may originate from a moving emission region in a helical path upstream in the jet. The spectral behavior and temporal characteristics of the individual flares indicate that the location of the emission region lies in the sub-parsec scale (r(gamma) < 0.85 pc).
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| 50. |
- Gupta, Priti, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of TLR2 and aging on the humoral immune response to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in mice.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging alters immunoglobulin production, affecting the humoral immune response. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which causes bacteremia with high mortality in the elderly. To understand how TLR2 and aging affect the humoral immune response in bacteremia, four groups of mice (wild type-young, wild type-old, TLR2-/--young, and TLR2-/--old) were used to analyze immunoglobulin levels in healthy conditions as well as 10days after intravenous injection with S. aureus. We found that aging increased the levels of both IgM and IgG. Increased IgG in aged mice was controlled by TLR2. In bacteremia infection, aged mice failed to mount proper IgM response in both wild-type (WT) and TLR2-/- mice, whereas IgG response was impaired in both aged and TLR2-/- mice. Aged mice displayed reduced IgG1 and IgG2a response irrespective of TLR2 expression. However, impaired IgG2b response was only found in agedWT mice and not in TLR2-/- mice. Both aging and TLR2-/- increased the levels of anti-staphylococcal IgM in bacteremia. Aging increased sialylated IgG in WT mice but not in TLR2-/- mice. IgG sialylation was not affected by the infection in neither of the mice. In summary, aging increases all immunoglobulins except IgG1. However, aged mice fail to mount a proper antibody response to S. aureus bacteremia. TLR2 plays the regulatory role in IgG but not IgM response to infection.
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